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Victorio CBL, Novera W, Ganasarajah A, Ong J, Thomas M, Wu J, Toh HSY, Sun AX, Ooi EE, Chacko AM. Repurposing of Zika virus live-attenuated vaccine (ZIKV-LAV) strains as oncolytic viruses targeting human glioblastoma multiforme cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:126. [PMID: 38308299 PMCID: PMC10835997 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain cancer affecting the adult population. Median overall survival for GBM patients is poor (15 months), primarily due to high rates of tumour recurrence and the paucity of treatment options. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment alternative for GBM patients, where engineered viruses selectively infect and eradicate cancer cells by inducing cell lysis and eliciting robust anti-tumour immune response. In this study, we evaluated the oncolytic potency of live-attenuated vaccine strains of Zika virus (ZIKV-LAV) against human GBM cells in vitro. Our findings revealed that Axl and integrin αvβ5 function as cellular receptors mediating ZIKV-LAV infection in GBM cells. ZIKV-LAV strains productively infected and lysed human GBM cells but not primary endothelia and terminally differentiated neurons. Upon infection, ZIKV-LAV mediated GBM cell death via apoptosis and pyroptosis. This is the first in-depth molecular dissection of how oncolytic ZIKV infects and induces death in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bianca Luena Victorio
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857.
| | - Wisna Novera
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Arun Ganasarajah
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Joanne Ong
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Melisyaa Thomas
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Jonas Wu
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Hilary Si Yin Toh
- Laboratory of Human Neural Models, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Laboratory of Human Neural Models, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857.
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169610.
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Pinotti F, Giovanetti M, de Lima MM, de Cerqueira EM, Alcantara LCJ, Gupta S, Recker M, Lourenço J. Shifting patterns of dengue three years after Zika virus emergence in Brazil. Nat Commun 2024; 15:632. [PMID: 38245500 PMCID: PMC10799945 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In 2015, the Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged in Brazil, leading to widespread outbreaks in Latin America. Following this, many countries in these regions reported a significant drop in the circulation of dengue virus (DENV), which resurged in 2018-2019. We examine age-specific incidence data to investigate changes in DENV epidemiology before and after the emergence of ZIKV. We observe that incidence of DENV was concentrated in younger individuals during resurgence compared to 2013-2015. This trend was more pronounced in Brazilian states that had experienced larger ZIKV outbreaks. Using a mathematical model, we show that ZIKV-induced cross-protection alone, often invoked to explain DENV decline across Latin America, cannot explain the observed age-shift without also assuming some form of disease enhancement. Our results suggest that a sudden accumulation of population-level immunity to ZIKV could suppress DENV and reduce the mean age of DENV incidence via both protective and disease-enhancing interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Pinotti
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Marta Giovanetti
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Sciences and Technologies for Sustainable Development and One Health, University of Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Luiz C J Alcantara
- Laboratório de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Rene Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sunetra Gupta
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mario Recker
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, United Kingdom
- Institute for Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - José Lourenço
- Católica Biomedical Research, Católica Medical School, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Lisbon, Portugal
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Estofolete CF, Versiani AF, Dourado FS, Milhim BHGA, Pacca CC, Silva GCD, Zini N, dos Santos BF, Gandolfi FA, Mistrão NFB, Garcia PHC, Rocha RS, Gehrke L, Bosch I, Marques RE, Teixeira MM, da Fonseca FG, Vasilakis N, Nogueira ML. Influence of previous Zika virus infection on acute dengue episode. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2023; 17:e0011710. [PMID: 37943879 PMCID: PMC10662752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The co-circulation of flaviviruses in tropical regions has led to the hypothesis that immunity generated by a previous dengue infection could promote severe disease outcomes in subsequent infections by heterologous serotypes. This study investigated the influence of antibodies generated by previous Zika infection on the clinical outcomes of dengue infection. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We enrolled 1,043 laboratory confirmed dengue patients and investigated their prior infection to Zika or dengue. Severe forms of dengue disease were more frequent in patients with previous Zika infection, but not in those previously exposed to dengue. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that previous Zika infection may represent a risk factor for subsequent severe dengue disease, but we did not find evidence of antibody-dependent enhancement (higher viral titer or pro-inflammatory cytokine overexpression) contributing to exacerbation of the subsequent dengue infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassia F. Estofolete
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alice F. Versiani
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fernanda S. Dourado
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruno H. G. A. Milhim
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carolina C. Pacca
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gislaine C. D. Silva
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Barbara F. dos Santos
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flora A. Gandolfi
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia F. B. Mistrão
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro H. C. Garcia
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S. Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lee Gehrke
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School; Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Irene Bosch
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rafael E. Marques
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM); Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Flavio G. da Fonseca
- Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Centro de Tecnoogia em Vacinas da UFMG, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais; Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maurício L. Nogueira
- Laboratório de Pesquisas em Virologia (LPV), Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP); São José do Rio Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch; Galveston, Texas, United States of America
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Martínez-Arias A, Valerio L, Roure-Díez S, Fernández-Rivas G, Rivaya B, Pérez-Olmeda MT, Soldevila-Langa L, Parrón I, Clotet-Sala B, Vallès X, Rodrigo C. Zika virus screening during pregnancy: Results and lessons learned from a screening program and a post-delivery follow-up analysis (2016-2022). Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:1646-1657. [PMID: 37668290 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a Zika virus screening program applied to asymptomatic exposed pregnant women. METHODOLOGY Analysis of data generated during the roll out of a Zika screening program. We included socio-demographic data, ultrasounds, and serological results (IgM, IgG, and Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test; PRNT) from asymptomatic pregnant women exposed to Zika virus enrolled in the screening program between 2016 to 2019. RESULTS We included 406 asymptomatic ZIKV-exposed pregnant women who gave 400 full-term new-borns. The median age was 30 years (IQR = 25-34), which was lower (29 years; IQR = 24-34) among women of non-EU migrant origin (76.4% of the sample). Migrant women tended to delay the first pre-natal consultation compared to EU origin women (p = .003). Overall, 83.2% (N = 328) of participants had ZIKV low risk serological profile (IgM-/IgG- or IgM-/IgG+ and PRNT-), 3.0% (N = 12) showed high risk of recent ZIKV infection (IgM+ or PRNT+) and 13.7% (N = 54) had indeterminate results. A fetal malformation was identified in 29 children (9.3%). Fetal malformation was associated with a ZIKV high risk serological profile [24 out of the 246 (1.6%) with low risk profile and 3 out of the 12 with at high risk profile (25.0%; p = .02)]. Four newborns with high risk profile had a positive ZIKV-PCR test, which included two cases with microcephaly. No association was observed between maternal exposure to ZIKV infection and developmental abnormalities during the post-natal period follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The ZIKV-screening program had considerable costs and yielded a high rate of indeterminate results among asymptomatic pregnant women. Considering the poor value for decision-making of the results, efforts should focus on providing early access to routine maternity care, especially to migrant women. A simpler screening protocol might consider an initial ZIKV-PCR or IgM determination and subsequent referral to a fetal medicine specialist in those women with a positive result and/or whom ultrasound examination has revealed fetal abnormalities (10% of total women in our study sample).
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés Martínez-Arias
- Consorci Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí, Emergency Service, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Sabadell, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Lluís Valerio
- Programa de Salut Internacional (PROSICS), Gerència Territorial Metropolitana nord, Institut Català de la Salut
| | - Sílvia Roure-Díez
- Programa de Salut Internacional (PROSICS), Gerència Territorial Metropolitana nord, Institut Català de la Salut
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gema Fernández-Rivas
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Belén Rivaya
- Microbiology Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Maria T Pérez-Olmeda
- Centro Nacional de Microbiología, Unidad de Serología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Soldevila-Langa
- Programa de Salut Internacional (PROSICS), Gerència Territorial Metropolitana nord, Institut Català de la Salut
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Ignasi Parrón
- Barcelonès nord-Maresme Epidemiologic Surveillance and Emergency Response Service, Health Department, Generalitat de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bonaventura Clotet-Sala
- Infectious Diseases Area Clinical Direction, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Xavier Vallès
- Programa de Salut Internacional (PROSICS), Gerència Territorial Metropolitana nord, Institut Català de la Salut
- Fundació Lluita contra les Infeccions, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut per a la Recerca en Ciències de la Salut, Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Carlos Rodrigo
- Pediatrics Area Clinical Direction, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Institut Català de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona, Catalonia, Spain
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Kim IJ, Tighe MP, Clark MJ, Gromowski GD, Lanthier PA, Travis KL, Bernacki DT, Cookenham TS, Lanzer KG, Szaba FM, Tamhankar MA, Ross CN, Tardif SD, Layne-Colon D, Dick EJ, Gonzalez O, Giraldo Giraldo MI, Patterson JL, Blackman MA. Impact of prior dengue virus infection on Zika virus infection during pregnancy in marmosets. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eabq6517. [PMID: 37285402 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.abq6517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy causes severe developmental defects in newborns, termed congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Factors contributing to a surge in ZIKV-associated CZS are poorly understood. One possibility is that ZIKV may exploit the antibody-dependent enhancement of infection mechanism, mediated by cross-reactive antibodies from prior dengue virus (DENV) infection, which may exacerbate ZIKV infection during pregnancy. In this study, we investigated the impact of prior DENV infection or no DENV infection on ZIKV pathogenesis during pregnancy in a total of four female common marmosets with five or six fetuses per group. The results showed that negative-sense viral RNA copies increased in the placental and fetal tissues of DENV-immune dams but not in DENV-naïve dams. In addition, viral proteins were prevalent in endothelial cells, macrophages, and neonatal Fc receptor-expressing cells in the placental trabeculae and in neuronal cells in the brains of fetuses from DENV-immune dams. DENV-immune marmosets maintained high titers of cross-reactive ZIKV-binding antibodies that were poorly neutralizing, raising the possibility that these antibodies might be involved in the exacerbation of ZIKV infection. These findings need to be verified in a larger study, and the mechanism involved in the exacerbation of ZIKV infection in DENV-immune marmosets needs further investigation. However, the results suggest a potential negative impact of preexisting DENV immunity on subsequent ZIKV infection during pregnancy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Jeong Kim
- Trudeau Institute Inc., Saranac Lake, NY 12983, USA
| | | | | | - Gregory D Gromowski
- Viral Diseases Branch, Center of Infectious Disease Research, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Manasi A Tamhankar
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Corrina N Ross
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Suzette D Tardif
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Donna Layne-Colon
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Edward J Dick
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Olga Gonzalez
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
| | - Maria I Giraldo Giraldo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Jean L Patterson
- Southwest National Primate Center, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78227, USA
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TSPO expression in a Zika virus murine infection model as an imaging target for acute infection-induced neuroinflammation. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:742-755. [PMID: 36348095 PMCID: PMC9852192 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic human pathogen that causes neuroinflammation, whose hallmark is elevated translocator protein (TSPO) expression in the brain. This study investigates ZIKV-associated changes in adult brain TSPO expression, evaluates the effectiveness of TSPO radioligands in detecting TSPO expression, and identifies cells that drive brain TSPO expression in a mouse infection model. METHODS The interferon-deficient AG129 mouse infected with ZIKV was used as neuroinflammation model. TSPO expression was evaluated by tissue immunostaining. TSPO radioligands, [3H]PK11195 and [18F]FEPPA, were used for in vitro and ex vivo detection of TSPO in infected brains. [18F]FEPPA-PET was used for in vivo detection of TSPO expression. Cell subsets that contribute to TSPO expression were identified by flow cytometry. RESULTS Brain TSPO expression increased with ZIKV disease severity. This increase was contributed by TSPO-positive microglia and infiltrating monocytes; and by influx of TSPO-expressing immune cells into the brain. [3H]PK11195 and [18F]FEPPA distinguish ZIKV-infected brains from normal controls in vitro and ex vivo. [18F]FEPPA brain uptake by PET imaging correlated with disease severity and neuroinflammation. However, TSPO expression by immune cells contributed to significant blood pool [18F]FEPPA activity which could confound [18F]FEPPA-PET imaging results. CONCLUSIONS TSPO is a biologically relevant imaging target for ZIKV neuroinflammation. Brain [18F]FEPPA uptake can be a surrogate marker for ZIKV disease and may be a potential PET imaging marker for ZIKV-induced neuroinflammation. Future TSPO-PET/SPECT studies on viral neuroinflammation and related encephalitis should assess the contribution of immune cells on TSPO expression and employ appropriate image correction methods to subtract blood pool activity.
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Comparative Analysis of In Vitro Models to Study Antibody-Dependent Enhancement of Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122776. [PMID: 36560779 PMCID: PMC9781448 DOI: 10.3390/v14122776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
During the 2015-2016 outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas, a previously unknown severe complication of ZIKV infection during pregnancy resulting in birth defects was reported. Since the ZIKV outbreak occurred in regions that were highly endemic for the related dengue virus (DENV), it was speculated that antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of a ZIKV infection, caused by the presence of cross-reactive DENV antibodies, could contribute to ZIKV disease severity. Emerging evidence indicates that, while in vitro models can show ADE of ZIKV infection, ADE does not seem to contribute to congenital ZIKV disease severity in humans. However, the role of ADE of ZIKV infection during pregnancy and in vertical ZIKV transmission is not well studied. In this study, we hypothesized that pregnancy may affect the ability of myeloid cells to become infected with ZIKV, potentially through ADE. We first systematically assessed which cell lines and primary cells can be used to study ZIKV ADE in vitro, and we compared the difference in outcomes of (ADE) infection experiments between these cells. Subsequently, we tested the hypothesis that pregnancy may affect the ability of myeloid cells to become infected through ADE, by performing ZIKV ADE assays with primary cells isolated from blood of pregnant women from different trimesters and from age-matched non-pregnant women. We found that ADE of ZIKV infection can be induced in myeloid cell lines U937, THP-1, and K562 as well as in monocyte-derived macrophages from healthy donors. There was no difference in permissiveness for ZIKV infection or ADE potential of ZIKV infection in primary cells of pregnant women compared to non-pregnant women. In conclusion, no increased permissiveness for ZIKV infection and ADE of ZIKV infection was found using in vitro models of primary myeloid cells from pregnant women compared to age-matched non-pregnant women.
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Khare B, Kuhn RJ. The Japanese Encephalitis Antigenic Complex Viruses: From Structure to Immunity. Viruses 2022; 14:2213. [PMID: 36298768 PMCID: PMC9607441 DOI: 10.3390/v14102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last three decades, several flaviviruses of concern that belong to different antigenic groups have expanded geographically. This has resulted in the presence of often more than one virus from a single antigenic group in some areas, while in Europe, Africa and Australia, additionally, multiple viruses belonging to the Japanese encephalitis (JE) serogroup co-circulate. Morphological heterogeneity of flaviviruses dictates antibody recognition and affects virus neutralization, which influences infection control. The latter is further impacted by sequential infections involving diverse flaviviruses co-circulating within a region and their cross-reactivity. The ensuing complex molecular virus-host interplay leads to either cross-protection or disease enhancement; however, the molecular determinants and mechanisms driving these outcomes are unclear. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiology of four JE serocomplex viruses, parameters affecting flaviviral heterogeneity and antibody recognition, host immune responses and the current knowledge of the cross-reactivity involving JE serocomplex flaviviruses that leads to differential clinical outcomes, which may inform future preventative and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baldeep Khare
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Richard J. Kuhn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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9
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Victorio CBL, Ong J, Tham JY, Reolo MJ, Novera W, Msallam R, Watanabe S, Kalimuddin S, Low JG, Vasudevan SG, Chacko AM. Preclinical evaluation of [ 18F]FDG-PET as a biomarker of lymphoid tissue disease and inflammation in Zika virus infection. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:4516-4528. [PMID: 35876869 PMCID: PMC9309455 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05892-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Zika (ZIKV) is a viral inflammatory disease affecting adults, children, and developing fetuses. It is endemic to tropical and sub-tropical countries, resulting in half the global population at risk of infection. Despite this, there are no approved therapies or vaccines against ZIKV disease. Non-invasive imaging biomarkers are potentially valuable tools for studying viral pathogenesis, prognosticating host response to disease, and evaluating in vivo efficacy of experimental therapeutic interventions. In this study, we evaluated [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) as an imaging biomarker of ZIKV disease in a mouse model and correlated metabolic tracer tissue uptake with real-time biochemical, virological, and inflammatory features of tissue infection. Methods [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging was performed in an acute, lethal ZIKV mouse infection model, at increasing stages of disease severity. [18F]FDG-PET findings were corroborated with ex vivo wholemount-tissue autoradiography and tracer biodistribution studies. Tracer uptake was also correlated with in situ tissue disease status, including viral burden and inflammatory response. Immune profiling of the spleen by flow cytometry was performed to identify the immune cell subsets driving tissue pathology and enhancing tracer uptake in ZIKV disease. Results Foci of increased [18F]FDG uptake were consistently detected in lymphoid tissues—particularly the spleen—of ZIKV-infected animals. Splenic uptake increased with disease severity, and corroborated findings in tissue pathology. Increased splenic uptake also correlated with increased viral replication and elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines within these tissues. ZIKV-infected spleens were characterized by increased infiltration of myeloid cells, as well as increased proliferation of both myeloid and lymphoid cells. The increased cell proliferation correlated with increased tracer uptake in the spleen. Our findings support the use of [18F]FDG as an imaging biomarker to detect and track ZIKV disease in real time and highlight the dependency of affected tissue on the nature of the viral infection. Conclusion [18F]FDG uptake in the spleen is a useful surrogate for interrogating in situ tissue viral burden and inflammation status in this ZIKV murine model.
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00259-022-05892-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bianca Luena Victorio
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Joanne Ong
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Jing Yang Tham
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Marie Jennifer Reolo
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Wisna Novera
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Rasha Msallam
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Shirin Kalimuddin
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Jenny G Low
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Singapore General Hospital, 20 College Road, Singapore, 169856, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.
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10
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Hou B, Chen H, Gao N, An J. Cross-Reactive Immunity among Five Medically Important Mosquito-Borne Flaviviruses Related to Human Diseases. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061213. [PMID: 35746683 PMCID: PMC9228836 DOI: 10.3390/v14061213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Flaviviruses cause a spectrum of potentially severe diseases. Most flaviviruses are transmitted by mosquitoes or ticks and are widely distributed all over the world. Among them, several mosquito-borne flaviviruses are co-epidemic, and the similarity of their antigenicity creates abundant cross-reactive immune responses which complicate their prevention and control. At present, only effective vaccines against yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis have been used clinically, while the optimal vaccines against other flavivirus diseases are still under development. The antibody-dependent enhancement generated by cross-reactive immune responses against different serotypes of dengue virus makes the development of the dengue fever vaccine a bottleneck. It has been proposed that the cross-reactive immunity elicited by prior infection of mosquito-borne flavivirus could also affect the outcome of the subsequent infection of heterologous flavivirus. In this review, we focused on five medically important flaviviruses, and rearranged and recapitulated their cross-reactive immunity in detail from the perspectives of serological experiments in vitro, animal experiments in vivo, and human cohort studies. We look forward to providing references and new insights for the research of flavivirus vaccines and specific prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Hou
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
- Experimental Center for Basic Medical Teaching, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.C.); (N.G.)
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; (B.H.); (J.A.)
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing 100093, China
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11
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Watanabe S, Chan KWK, Tan NWW, Mahid MBA, Chowdhury A, Chang KTE, Vasudevan SG. Experimental evidence for a high rate of maternal-fetal transmission of dengue virus in the presence of antibodies in immunocompromised mice. EBioMedicine 2022; 77:103930. [PMID: 35290828 PMCID: PMC8921544 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Congenital disorders associated with prenatal vertical transmission of Zika virus (ZIKV) is well established since the 2016 outbreak in the Americas. However, despite clinical reports of similar mode of transmission for other flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV), the phenomenon has not been experimentally explored. Methods Pregnant AG129 mice were infected with DENV1 in the presence or absence of enhancing antibodies at different gestational time points. ZIKV was used for comparison. We quantified viral load in fetus and placentas and performed comprehensive gene expression profiling in the maternal (decidua) and fetal portion of placenta separately. Findings We demonstrate in a laboratory experimental setting that DENV can be transmitted vertically in a gestation stage-dependent manner similar to ZIKV, and this incidence drastically increases in the presence of enhancing antibodies. Interestingly, a high rate of DENV fetal infection occurs even though the placental viral load is significantly lower than that found in ZIKV-infected dams. Comprehensive gene expression profiling revealed DENV infection modulates a variety of inflammation-associated genes comparable to ZIKV in decidua and fetal placenta in early pregnancy. Interpretation Our findings suggest that the virus-induced modulation of host gene expression may facilitate DENV to cross the placental barrier in spite of lower viral burden compared to ZIKV. This mouse model may serve to identify the host determinants required for the vertical transmission of flaviviruses and develop appropriate countermeasures. Funding National Medical Research Council/Open Fund Individual Research Grant MOH-000524 (SW), MOH-000086 and OFIRG20nov-0017 (SGV).
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road 169857, Singapore.
| | - Kitti Wing Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road 169857, Singapore
| | - Nicole Wei Wen Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road 169857, Singapore
| | | | - Avisha Chowdhury
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road 169857, Singapore
| | - Kenneth Tou En Chang
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road 169857, Singapore; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road 229899, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road 169857, Singapore; Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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12
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Nazerai L, Buus S, Stryhn A, Thomsen AR, Christensen JP. Efficient Control of Zika Virus Infection Induced by a Non-Replicating Adenovector Encoding Zika Virus NS1/NS2 Antigens Fused to the MHC Class II-Associated Invariant Chain. Viruses 2021; 13:2215. [PMID: 34835021 PMCID: PMC8625593 DOI: 10.3390/v13112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
It is generally believed that a successful Zika virus (ZIKV) vaccine should induce neutralizing antibodies against the ZIKV envelope (E) protein to efficiently halt viral infection. However, E-specific neutralizing antibodies have been implicated in a phenomenon called antibody-dependent enhancement, which represents an ongoing concern in the flavivirus-vaccinology field. In this report, we investigated the vaccination potential of replication-deficient adenoviral vectors encoding the ZIKV non-structural proteins 1 and 2 (NS1/NS2) and employed the strategy of linking the antigens to the MHC-II associated invariant chain (li) to improve immunogenicity and by inference, the level of protection. We demonstrated that li-linkage enhanced the production of anti-NS1 antibodies and induced an accelerated and prolonged polyfunctional CD8 T cell response in mice, which ultimately resulted in a high degree of protection against ZIKV infection of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jan Pravsgaard Christensen
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (L.N.); (S.B.); (A.S.); (A.R.T.)
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13
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Repeated exposure to dengue virus elicits robust cross neutralizing antibodies against Zika virus in residents of Northeastern Thailand. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9634. [PMID: 33953258 PMCID: PMC8100282 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88933-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) are antigenically related mosquito-borne flaviviruses. ZIKV is becoming increasingly prevalent in DENV-endemic regions, raising the possibility that pre-existing immunity to one virus could modulate the response to a heterologous virus, although whether this would be beneficial or detrimental is unclear. Here, we analyzed sera from residents of a DENV-endemic region of Thailand to determine the prevalence of DENV-elicited antibodies capable of cross-neutralizing ZIKV. Sixty-one participants who were asymptomatic and unselected for viral serostatus were enrolled. Among them, 52 and 51 were seropositive for IgG antibody against DENV or ZIKV E proteins (ELISA assay), respectively. Notably, 44.23% (23/52) of DENV seropositive participants had serological evidence of multiple exposures to DENV, and these subjects had strikingly higher titers and broader reactivities of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against ZIKV and DENV heterotypes compared with participants with serological evidence of a single DENV infection (25/52, 48.1%). In total, 17 of the 61 participants (27.9%) had NAbs against ZIKV and all four DENV serotypes, and an additional 9 (14.8%) had NAbs against ZIKV and DENV1, 2, and 3. NAbs against DENV2 were the most prevalent (44/61, 72.1%) followed by DENV3 (38/61, 62.3%) and DENV1 (36/61, 59.0%). Of note, anti-ZIKV NAbs were more prevalent than anti-DENV4 NAbs (27/61, 44.3% and 21/61, 34.4%, respectively). Primary ZIKV infection was detected in two participants, confirming that ZIKV co-circulates in this region. Thus, residents of DENV-endemic regions with repeated exposure to DENV have higher titers of NAbs against ZIKV than individuals with only a single DENV exposure.
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14
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Gasco S, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. A Review on the Current Knowledge on ZIKV Infection and the Interest of Organoids and Nanotechnology on Development of Effective Therapies against Zika Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010035. [PMID: 33375140 PMCID: PMC7792973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) acquired a special relevance due to the pandemic that occurred in the Americas in 2015, when an important number of fetal microcephaly cases occurred. Since then, numerous studies have tried to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms and the potential therapeutic approaches to combat the virus. Cellular and animal models have proved to be a basic resource for this research, with the more recent addition of organoids as a more realistic and physiological 3D culture for the study of ZIKV. Nanotechnology can also offer a promising therapeutic tool, as the nanoparticles developed by this field can penetrate cells and deliver a wide array of drugs in a very specific and controlled way inside the cells. These two state-of-the-art scientific tools clearly provide a very relevant resource for the study of ZIKV, and will help researchers find an effective treatment or vaccine against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samanta Gasco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain;
- Laboratorio InmunoBiología Molecular (HGUGM), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish HIV-HGM BioBank, 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), 28001 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +34-91-462-4684
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15
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Victorio CBL, Novera W, Tham JY, Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG, Chacko AM. Peptide-Conjugated Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers for In Situ Live-Cell Molecular Imaging of Dengue Virus Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9260. [PMID: 33291644 PMCID: PMC7730579 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current methods to detect and monitor pathogens in biological systems are largely limited by the tradeoffs between spatial context and temporal detail. A new generation of molecular tracking that provides both information simultaneously involves in situ detection coupled with non-invasive imaging. An example is antisense imaging that uses antisense oligonucleotide probes complementary to a target nucleotide sequence. In this study, we explored the potential of repurposing antisense oligonucleotides initially developed as antiviral therapeutics as molecular probes for imaging of viral infections in vitro and in vivo. We employed nuclease-resistant phosphorodiamidate synthetic oligonucleotides conjugated with cell-penetrating peptides (i.e., PPMOs) previously established as antivirals for dengue virus serotype-2 (DENV2). As proof of concept, and before further development for preclinical testing, we evaluated its validity as in situ molecular imaging probe for tracking cellular DENV2 infection using live-cell fluorescence imaging. Although the PPMO was designed to specifically target the DENV2 genome, it was unsuitable as in situ molecular imaging probe. This study details our evaluation of the PPMOs to assess specific and sensitive molecular imaging of DENV2 infection and tells a cautionary tale for those exploring antisense oligonucleotides as probes for non-invasive imaging and monitoring of pathogen infections in experimental animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bianca Luena Victorio
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (C.B.L.V.); (W.N.); (J.Y.T.)
| | - Wisna Novera
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (C.B.L.V.); (W.N.); (J.Y.T.)
| | - Jing Yang Tham
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (C.B.L.V.); (W.N.); (J.Y.T.)
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.W.); (S.G.V.)
| | - Subhash G. Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (S.W.); (S.G.V.)
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; (C.B.L.V.); (W.N.); (J.Y.T.)
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16
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Silva IBB, da Silva AS, Cunha MS, Cabral AD, de Oliveira KCA, Gaspari ED, Prudencio CR. Zika virus serological diagnosis: commercial tests and monoclonal antibodies as tools. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20200019. [PMID: 33281886 PMCID: PMC7685096 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2020-0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an emerging arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) of the Flaviviridae family, is a current issue worldwide, particularly because of the congenital and neurological syndromes associated with infection by this virus. As the initial clinical symptoms of all diseases caused by this group are very similar, clinical diagnosis is difficult. Furthermore, laboratory diagnostic efforts have failed to identify specific and accurate tests for each virus of the Flaviviridae family due to the cross-reactivity of these viruses in serum samples. This situation has resulted in underreporting of the diseases caused by flaviviruses. However, many companies developed commercial diagnostic tests after the recent ZIKV outbreak. Moreover, health regulatory agencies have approved different commercial tests to extend the monitoring of ZIKV infections. Considering that a specific and sensitive diagnostic method for estimating risk and evaluating ZIKV propagation is still needed, this review aims to provide an update of the main commercially approved serological diagnostics test by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Brazilian National Health Surveillance Agency (ANVISA). Additionally, we present the technologies used for monoclonal antibody production as a tool for the development of diagnostic tests and applications of these antibodies in detecting ZIKV infections worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaura Beatriz Borges Silva
- Center of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elizabeth De Gaspari
- Center of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carlos Roberto Prudencio
- Center of Immunology, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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17
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Yau C, Gan ES, Kwek SS, Tan HC, Ong EZ, Hamis NZ, Rivino L, Chan KR, Watanabe S, Vasudevan SG, Ooi EE. Live vaccine infection burden elicits adaptive humoral and cellular immunity required to prevent Zika virus infection. EBioMedicine 2020; 61:103028. [PMID: 33045466 PMCID: PMC7553235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.103028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) as an important cause of congenital and childhood developmental disorders presents another challenge to global health. Efforts to develop a Zika vaccine have begun although vaccine development against flaviviruses, of which ZIKV belongs to, has proven to be time-consuming and challenging. Defining the vaccine attributes that elicit adaptive immune response necessary for preventing ZIKV infection could provide an evidence-based guide to Zika vaccine development. METHODS We used a previously described attenuated ZIKV DN-2 strain in a type-I interferon receptor deficient mouse model and tested the hypothesis that duration of vaccine burden rather than peak level of infection, is a determinant of immunogenicity. We quantified both humoral and cellular responses against ZIKV using plaque reduction neutralisation test and flow cytometry with ELISPOT assays, respectively. Vaccinated mice were challenged with wild-type ZIKV (H/PF/2013 strain) to determine the level of protection against infection. FINDINGS We found that the overall vaccine burden is directly correlated with neutralising antibody titres. Reduced duration of vaccine burden lowered neutralising antibody titres that resulted in subclinical infection, despite unchanged peak vaccine viraemia levels. We also found that sterilising immunity is dependant on both neutralising antibody and CD8+T cell responses; depletion of CD8+T cells in vaccinated animals led to wild-type ZIKV infection, especially in the male reproductive tract. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that duration of attenuated virus vaccine burden is a determinant of humoral and cellular immunity and also suggest that vaccines that elicit both arms of the adaptive immune response are needed to fully prevent ZIKV transmission. FUNDING This study was supported by the National Medical Research Council through the Clinician-Scientist Award (Senior Investigator) to E.E.O. Salary support for S.W. was from a Competitive Research Programme grant awarded by the National Research Foundation of Singapore.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clement Yau
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Esther Shuyi Gan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Swee Sen Kwek
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Hwee Cheng Tan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eugenia Z Ong
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Noor Zayanah Hamis
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Laura Rivino
- School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TD, United Kingdom
| | - Kuan Rong Chan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Viral Research and Experimental Medicine Centre, SingHealth Duke-NUS Academic Medical Centre, Singapore 169857, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117545, Singapore.
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18
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Kazazian L, Lima Neto AS, Sousa GS, do Nascimento OJ, Castro MC. Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of co-circulating dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses in Fortaleza, Brazil: 2011-2017. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008760. [PMID: 33104708 PMCID: PMC7644107 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mosquito-borne viruses dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), and chikungunya (CHIKV), now co-endemic in the Americas, pose growing threats to health worldwide. However, it remains unclear whether there exist interactions between these viruses that could shape their epidemiology. This study advances knowledge by assessing the transmission dynamics of co-circulating DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil. Spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV were analyzed using georeferenced data on over 210,000 reported cases from 2011 to 2017 in Fortaleza, Brazil. Local spatial clustering tests and space-time scan statistics were used to compare transmission dynamics across all years. The transmission of co-circulating viruses in 2016 and 2017 was evaluated at fine spatial and temporal scales using a measure of spatiotemporal dependence, the τ-statistic. Results revealed differences in the diffusion of CHIKV compared to previous DENV epidemics and spatially distinct transmission of DENV/ZIKV and CHIKV during the period of their co-circulation. Significant spatial clustering of viruses of the same type was observed within 14-day time intervals at distances of up to 6.8 km (p<0.05). These results suggest that arbovirus risk is not uniformly distributed within cities during co-circulation. Findings may guide outbreak preparedness and response efforts by highlighting the clustered nature of transmission of co-circulating arboviruses at the neighborhood level. The potential for competitive interactions between the arboviruses should be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilit Kazazian
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Antonio S. Lima Neto
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Health Surveillance Department, Fortaleza Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS-Fortaleza), Joaquim Távora, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
- Health Sciences Center, University of Fortaleza (UNIFOR), Edson Queiroz, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Geziel S. Sousa
- Health Surveillance Department, Fortaleza Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS-Fortaleza), Joaquim Távora, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Osmar José do Nascimento
- Health Surveillance Department, Fortaleza Municipal Health Secretariat (SMS-Fortaleza), Joaquim Távora, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcia C. Castro
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
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19
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Katzelnick LC, Bos S, Harris E. Protective and enhancing interactions among dengue viruses 1-4 and Zika virus. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 43:59-70. [PMID: 32979816 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dengue viruses 1-4 (DENV 1-4) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are closely related flaviviruses transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes that co-circulate in Asia, the Americas, Africa, and Oceania. Here, we review recent and historical literature on in vitro experiments, animal models, and clinical and epidemiological studies to describe how the sequence of DENV 1-4 and ZIKV infections modulates subsequent dengue and Zika disease outcome. Overall, we find these interactions are asymmetric. Immunity from a prior DENV infection or a prior ZIKV infection can enhance future severe dengue disease for some DENV serotypes while protecting against other serotypes. Further, prior DENV immunity has not been shown to enhance future uncomplicated or severe Zika and instead appears to be protective. Interestingly, secondary ZIKV infection induces type-specific ZIKV immunity but only generates weakly cross-neutralizing anti-DENV/ZIKV immunity, consistent with risk of future dengue disease. In contrast, secondary DENV infection induces strongly cross-neutralizing antibodies that protect against subsequent severe dengue disease. These immunologic interactions may be explained by differences in virion structure between DENV 1-4 and ZIKV, which modulate thermostability, susceptibility to neutralization, and cell infectivity. Overall, these observations are important for the understanding and prediction of epidemics and the development and evaluation of dengue and Zika vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 185 Li Ka Shing Center, 1951 Oxford Street, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States.
| | - Sandra Bos
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 185 Li Ka Shing Center, 1951 Oxford Street, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, 185 Li Ka Shing Center, 1951 Oxford Street, Berkeley, CA 94720-3370, United States.
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20
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Katzelnick LC, Narvaez C, Arguello S, Lopez Mercado B, Collado D, Ampie O, Elizondo D, Miranda T, Bustos Carillo F, Mercado JC, Latta K, Schiller A, Segovia-Chumbez B, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Coloma J, Halloran ME, Premkumar L, Gordon A, Narvaez F, de Silva AM, Kuan G, Balmaseda A, Harris E. Zika virus infection enhances future risk of severe dengue disease. Science 2020; 369:1123-1128. [PMID: 32855339 PMCID: PMC8274975 DOI: 10.1126/science.abb6143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The Zika pandemic sparked intense interest in whether immune interactions among dengue virus serotypes 1 to 4 (DENV1 to -4) extend to the closely related Zika virus (ZIKV). We investigated prospective pediatric cohorts in Nicaragua that experienced sequential DENV1 to -3 (2004 to 2015), Zika (2016 to 2017), and DENV2 (2018 to 2020) epidemics. Risk of symptomatic DENV2 infection and severe disease was elevated by one prior ZIKV infection, one prior DENV infection, or one prior DENV infection followed by one ZIKV infection, compared with being flavivirus-naïve. By contrast, multiple prior DENV infections reduced dengue risk. Further, although high preexisting anti-DENV antibody titers protected against DENV1, DENV3, and ZIKV disease, intermediate titers induced by previous ZIKV or DENV infection enhanced future risk of DENV2 disease and severity, as well as DENV3 severity. The observation that prior ZIKV infection can modulate dengue disease severity like a DENV serotype poses challenges to development of dengue and Zika vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah C Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fausto Bustos Carillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Juan Carlos Mercado
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Krista Latta
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Amy Schiller
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bruno Segovia-Chumbez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Josefina Coloma
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Lakshmanane Premkumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Aravinda M de Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Laboratorio Nacional de Virología, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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21
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Valentine KM, Croft M, Shresta S. Protection against dengue virus requires a sustained balance of antibody and T cell responses. Curr Opin Virol 2020; 43:22-27. [PMID: 32798886 PMCID: PMC7655611 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Pre-existing immunity to dengue virus (DENV) can either protect against or exacerbate, a phenomenon known as antibody dependent enhancement (ADE), a secondary DENV infection. DENV, as an escalating health problem worldwide, has increased the urgency to understand the precise parameters shaping the anti-DENV antibody (Ab) and T cell responses, thereby tipping the balance towards protection versus pathogenesis. Herein, we present the current state of knowledge of about the interplay between the Ab and T cell responses that dictate the outcome of DENV infection and discuss how this newfound knowledge is reshaping strategies for developing safe and effective DENV vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Valentine
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Michael Croft
- Center for Autoimmunity and Inflammation, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Sujan Shresta
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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22
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Collier ARY, Borducchi EN, Chandrashekar A, Moseley E, Peter L, Teodoro NS, Nkolola J, Abbink P, Barouch DH. Sustained maternal antibody and cellular immune responses in pregnant women infected with Zika virus and mother to infant transfer of Zika-specific antibodies. Am J Reprod Immunol 2020; 84:e13288. [PMID: 32557984 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Evaluation of Zika virus (ZIKV)-specific humoral and cellular immune response in pregnant women exposed to ZIKV. METHOD OF STUDY In this observational, prospective cohort study, we recruited pregnant women presenting for prenatal ultrasound for ZIKV exposure at a single academic teaching hospital in Boston, MA from November 2016 to December 2018. We collected blood, urine, and cervicovaginal swabs antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum; and cord blood and placenta at delivery. We used experimental assays to calculate quantitative viral loads, ZIKV-specific immunoglobulin titers, and ZIKV-specific T-cell responses. RESULTS We enrolled 22 participants, three of which had serologic-confirmed ZIKV infection. No participants demonstrated sustained ZIKV shedding. ZIKV-specific IgG/IgM antibody was sustained throughout pregnancy and postpartum. ZIKV envelope and capsid-specific T-cell responses were also observed, albeit inconsistent. No newborns in this cohort had congenital Zika syndrome. Infant cord blood of infected mothers exhibited ZIKV-specific IgG, but not IgM antibodies. CONCLUSION We detected a robust, prolonged maternal humoral immune response to ZIKV during pregnancy and postpartum. We also demonstrated evidence for efficient transplacental antibody transfer from mother to infant at birth, supporting the importance of neonatal passive immunity to ZIKV. Maternal T-cell responses were less consistent among pregnant women infected with ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ris Y Collier
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Erica N Borducchi
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abishek Chandrashekar
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Moseley
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren Peter
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicholas S Teodoro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Joseph Nkolola
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Abbink
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan H Barouch
- Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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23
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The Endless Challenges of Arboviral Diseases in Brazil. Trop Med Infect Dis 2020; 5:tropicalmed5020075. [PMID: 32397512 PMCID: PMC7345859 DOI: 10.3390/tropicalmed5020075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In this Editorial, we list and discuss some of the main challenges faced by the population and public health authorities in Brazil concerning arbovirus infections, including the occurrence of concurrent epidemics like the ongoing SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic.
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24
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Pierson TC, Diamond MS. The continued threat of emerging flaviviruses. Nat Microbiol 2020; 5:796-812. [PMID: 32367055 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-020-0714-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 463] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Flaviviruses are vector-borne RNA viruses that can emerge unexpectedly in human populations and cause a spectrum of potentially severe diseases including hepatitis, vascular shock syndrome, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis, congenital abnormalities and fetal death. This epidemiological pattern has occurred numerous times during the last 70 years, including epidemics of dengue virus and West Nile virus, and the most recent explosive epidemic of Zika virus in the Americas. Flaviviruses are now globally distributed and infect up to 400 million people annually. Of significant concern, outbreaks of other less well-characterized flaviviruses have been reported in humans and animals in different regions of the world. The potential for these viruses to sustain epidemic transmission among humans is poorly understood. In this Review, we discuss the basic biology of flaviviruses, their infectious cycles, the diseases they cause and underlying host immune responses to infection. We describe flaviviruses that represent an established ongoing threat to global health and those that have recently emerged in new populations to cause significant disease. We also provide examples of lesser-known flaviviruses that circulate in restricted areas of the world but have the potential to emerge more broadly in human populations. Finally, we discuss how an understanding of the epidemiology, biology, structure and immunity of flaviviruses can inform the rapid development of countermeasures to treat or prevent human infections as they emerge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore C Pierson
- Laboratory of Viral Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - Michael S Diamond
- Departments of Medicine, Molecular Microbiology, Pathology & Immunology, Andrew M. and Jane M. Bursky Center for Human Immunology and Immunotherapy Programs, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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25
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Hurtado-Monzón AM, Cordero-Rivera CD, Farfan-Morales CN, Osuna-Ramos JF, De Jesús-González LA, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Del Ángel RM. The role of anti-flavivirus humoral immune response in protection and pathogenesis. Rev Med Virol 2020; 30:e2100. [PMID: 32101633 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Flavivirus infections are a public health threat in the world that requires the development of safe and effective vaccines. Therefore, the understanding of the anti-flavivirus humoral immune response is fundamental to future studies on flavivirus pathogenesis and the design of anti-flavivirus therapeutics. This review aims to provide an overview of the current understanding of the function and involvement of flavivirus proteins in the humoral immune response as well as the ability of the anti-envelope (anti-E) antibodies to interfere (neutralizing antibodies) or not (non-neutralizing antibodies) with viral infection, and how they can, in some circumstances enhance dengue virus infection on Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) bearing cells through a mechanism known as antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). Thus, the dual role of the antibodies against E protein poses a formidable challenge for vaccine development. Also, we discuss the roles of antibody binding stoichiometry (the concentration, affinity, or epitope recognition) in the neutralization of flaviviruses and the "breathing" of flavivirus virions in the humoral immune response. Finally, the relevance of some specific antibodies in the design and improvement of effective vaccines is addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Mahely Hurtado-Monzón
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Daniel Cordero-Rivera
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Carlos Noe Farfan-Morales
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Luis Adrián De Jesús-González
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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26
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Branche E, Simon AY, Sheets N, Kim K, Barker D, Nguyen AVT, Sahota H, Young MP, Salgado R, Mamidi A, Viramontes KM, Carnelley T, Qiu H, Elong Ngono A, Regla-Nava JA, Susantono MX, Valls Cuevas JM, Kennedy K, Kodihalli S, Shresta S. Human Polyclonal Antibodies Prevent Lethal Zika Virus Infection in Mice. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9857. [PMID: 31285451 PMCID: PMC6614477 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46291-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne flavivirus that represents a major threat to global health. ZIKV infections in adults are generally asymptomatic or present with mild symptoms. However, recent outbreaks of ZIKV have revealed that it can cause Congenital Zika Syndrome in neonates and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Currently, no ZIKV-specific vaccines or antiviral treatments are available. In this study, we tested the efficacy of convalescent plasma IgG hyperimmune product (ZIKV-IG) isolated from individuals with high neutralizing anti-ZIKV titers as a therapeutic candidate against ZIKV infection using a model of ZIKV infection in Ifnar1-/- mice. ZIKV-IG successfully protected mice from lethal ZIKV challenge. In particular, ZIKV-IG treatment at 24 hours after lethal ZIKV infection improved survival by reducing weight loss and tissue viral burden and improving clinical score. Additionally, ZIKV-IG eliminated ZIKV-induced tissue damage and inflammation in the brain and liver. These results indicate that ZIKV-IG is efficacious against ZIKV, suggesting this human polyclonal antibody is a viable candidate for further development as a treatment against human ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Branche
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Ayo Yila Simon
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Nicholas Sheets
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Douglas Barker
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Anh-Viet T Nguyen
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Harpreet Sahota
- Medical Affairs, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Matthew Perry Young
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Rebecca Salgado
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Anila Mamidi
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Karla M Viramontes
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Trevor Carnelley
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Hongyu Qiu
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Annie Elong Ngono
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | | | | | - Joan M Valls Cuevas
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Kieron Kennedy
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada
| | - Shantha Kodihalli
- Research and Development, Emergent BioSolutions Canada Inc, 155 Innovation Drive, Winnipeg, MB, R3T 5Y3, Canada.
| | - Sujan Shresta
- La Jolla Institute for Immunology 9420 Athena Circle, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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27
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Ng IHW, Chan KWK, Tan MJA, Gwee CP, Smith KM, Jeffress SJ, Saw WG, Swarbrick CMD, Watanabe S, Jans DA, Grüber G, Forwood JK, Vasudevan SG. Zika Virus NS5 Forms Supramolecular Nuclear Bodies That Sequester Importin-α and Modulate the Host Immune and Pro-Inflammatory Response in Neuronal Cells. ACS Infect Dis 2019; 5:932-948. [PMID: 30848123 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.8b00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) epidemic in the Americas was alarming because of its link with microcephaly in neonates and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. The unusual pathologies induced by ZIKV infection and the knowledge that the flaviviral nonstructural protein 5 (NS5), the most conserved protein in the flavivirus proteome, can modulate the host immune response during ZIKV infection prompted us to investigate the subcellular localization of NS5 during ZIKV infection and explore its functional significance. A monopartite nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence within ZIKV NS5 was predicted by the cNLS Mapper program, and we observed localization of ZIKV NS5 in the nucleus of infected cells by immunostaining with specific antibodies. Strikingly, ZIKV NS5 forms spherical shell-like nuclear bodies that exclude DNA. The putative monopartite NLS 390KRPR393 is necessary to direct FLAG-tagged NS5 to the nucleus as the NS5 390ARPA393 mutant protein accumulates in the cytoplasm. Furthermore, coimmunostaining experiments reveal that NS5 localizes with and sequesters importin-α, but not importin-β, in the observed nuclear bodies during virus infection. Structural and biochemical data demonstrate binding of ZIKV NS5 with importin-α and reveal important binding determinants required for their interaction and formation of complexes that give rise to the supramolecular nuclear bodies. Significantly, we demonstrate a neuronal-specific activation of the host immune response to ZIKV infection and a possible role of ZIKV NS5's nuclear localization toward this activation. This suggests that ZIKV pathogenesis may arise from a tissue-specific host response to ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan H. W. Ng
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
| | - Kitti Wing-Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545
| | - Min Jie Alvin Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Agency for Science & Technology Research (A*STAR), 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore 138672
| | - Chin Piaw Gwee
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
| | - Kate M. Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Jeffress
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia
| | - Wuan-Geok Saw
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Crystall M. D. Swarbrick
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
| | - Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
| | - David A. Jans
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - Gerhard Grüber
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore 637551
| | - Jade K. Forwood
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, New South Wales 2650, Australia
| | - Subhash G. Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, Singapore 169857
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545
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28
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Vertically transmitted chikungunya, Zika and dengue virus infections: The pathogenesis from mother to fetus and the implications of co-infections and vaccine development. Int J Pediatr Adolesc Med 2019; 7:107-111. [PMID: 33094137 PMCID: PMC7567994 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpam.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya (CHIKV), Zika (ZIKV), and Dengue viruses (DENV) exhibit similar epidemiological and clinical patterns but have different pathophysiological mechanisms of disease manifestations. Differences occur in the severity of clinical presentations with the highest mortality in the general population attributed to DENV and neurological morbidity due to ZIKV. ZIKV and DENV infections can cause fetal loss with ZIKV exhibiting teratogenesis. CHIKV is associated with severe complications in the newborn. Co-circulation of the three viruses and the cross-reactive immune response between ZIKV and DENV viruses has implications for an attenuated clinical response and future vaccine development. Co-infections could increase due to the epidemiologic synergy, but there is limited evidence about the clinical effects, especially for the vulnerable newborn. The purpose of this paper is to review the pathophysiological basis for vertically transmission manifestations due to CHIKV, DENV, and ZIKV, to determine the potential effects of co-circulation on newborn outcomes and the potential for vaccine protection. Inflammatory cytokines are responsible for placental breaches in DENV and ZIKV; Hofbauer cells facilitate the transfer of ZIKV from the placenta to the fetal brain, and high viral loads and mechanical placental disruption facilitate the transmission of CHIKV. Co-infection of these viruses can present with severe manifestations, but the clinical and serologic evidence suggests that one virus predominates which may influence fetal transmission. All three viruses are in different stages of vaccine development with DENV vaccine being fully licensed. Antibody-enhanced infections in seronegative vaccinated candidates who develop natural infection to dengue limit its use and have implications for ZIKV vaccine development. Targeting transmission capacity in the vector could prevent transmission to all three viruses, and breast milk immunity could provide further clues for vaccine development.
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29
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Hassert M, Brien JD, Pinto AK. Mouse Models of Heterologous Flavivirus Immunity: A Role for Cross-Reactive T Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1045. [PMID: 31143185 PMCID: PMC6520664 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most of the world is at risk of being infected with a flavivirus such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, tick-borne encephalitis virus, and Zika virus, significantly impacting millions of lives. Importantly, many of these genetically similar viruses co-circulate within the same geographic regions, making it likely for individuals living in areas of high flavivirus endemicity to be infected with multiple flaviviruses during their lifetime. Following a flavivirus infection, a robust virus-specific T cell response is generated and the memory recall of this response has been demonstrated to provide long-lasting immunity, protecting against reinfection with the same pathogen. However, multiple studies have shown that this flavivirus specific T cell response can be cross-reactive and active during heterologous flavivirus infection, leading to the question: How does immunity to one flavivirus shape immunity to the next, and how does this impact disease? It has been proposed that in some cases unfavorable disease outcomes may be caused by lower avidity cross-reactive memory T cells generated during a primary flavivirus infection that preferentially expand during a secondary heterologous infection and function sub optimally against the new pathogen. While in other cases, these cross-reactive cells still have the potential to facilitate cross-protection. In this review, we focus on cross-reactive T cell responses to flaviviruses and the concepts and consequences of T cell cross-reactivity, with particular emphasis linking data generated using murine models to our new understanding of disease outcomes following heterologous flavivirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariah Hassert
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - James D Brien
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Amelia K Pinto
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Watanabe S, Tan NWW, Chan KWK, Vasudevan SG. Assessing the utility of antivirals for preventing maternal-fetal transmission of zika virus in pregnant mice. Antiviral Res 2019; 167:104-109. [PMID: 31051186 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy has been associated with adverse outcomes and birth defects such as microcephaly in newborn children. Congenital malformations associated with ZIKV are believed to occur via direct infection of the fetus. Unfortunately, there are no licensed therapeutic or preventative tools to block maternal-fetal transmission of ZIKV. In this study, we developed a mouse model of ZIKV infection that specifically establishes vertical maternal-fetal transmission of ZIKV in 40-60% of fetuses when the dams acquire ZIKV infection during pregnancy. This mouse model somewhat mirrors the experience in humans at the peak of the epidemic in the Americas. Using this model, we demonstrate that a well-documented directly acting antiviral (DAA) compound that targets flaviviral RNA synthesis can completely prevent fetal infection when the treatment is started at the time of infection. Notably, we show that the treatment commenced at the time of peak viremia is still able to reduce the risk of fetal infection concomitant with significant reduction in placental viral load. Our results show for the first time the potential for clinical development of antiviral drugs for preventing vertical maternal-fetal transmission of ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Watanabe
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road, 169857, Singapore.
| | - Nicole Wei Wen Tan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Kitti Wing Ki Chan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road, 169857, Singapore
| | - Subhash G Vasudevan
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8-College Road, 169857, Singapore.
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Pre-Existing Dengue Immunity Drives a DENV-Biased Plasmablast Response in ZIKV-Infected Patient. Viruses 2018; 11:v11010019. [PMID: 30597938 PMCID: PMC6356269 DOI: 10.3390/v11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV) in the western hemisphere has most significantly affected dengue virus (DENV) endemic regions. Due to the geographical overlap between these two closely related flaviviruses, numerous individuals who suffered ZIKV infection during recent outbreaks may have also previously been exposed to DENV. As such, the impact of pre-existing dengue immunity on immune responses to ZIKV has been an area of focused research and interest. To understand how B cell responses to a ZIKV infection may be modulated by prior dengue exposures, we compared and contrasted plasmablast repertoire and specificity between two ZIKV-infected individuals, one dengue-naïve (ZK018) and the other dengue-experienced (ZK016). In addition to examining serological responses, we generated 59 patient plasmablast-derived monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to define the heterogeneity of the early B cell response to ZIKV. Both donors experienced robust ZIKV-induced plasmablast expansions early after infection, with comparable mutational frequencies in their antibody variable genes. However, notable differences were observed in plasmablast clonality and functional reactivity. Plasmablasts from the dengue-experienced donor ZK016 included cells with shared clonal origin, while ZK018 mAbs were entirely clonally unrelated. Both at the mAb and plasma level, ZK016 antibodies displayed extensive cross-reactivity to DENV1-4, and preferentially neutralized DENV compared to ZIKV. In contrast, the neutralization activity of ZK018 mAbs was primarily directed towards ZIKV, and fewer mAbs from this donor were cross-reactive, with the cross-reactive phenotype largely limited to fusion loop-specific mAbs. ZK016 antibodies caused greater enhancement of DENV2 infection of FcRγ-expressing cells overall compared to ZK018, with a striking difference at the plasma level. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that the breadth and protective capacity of the initial antibody responses after ZIKV infection may depend on the dengue immune status of the individual. These findings have implications for vaccine design, given the likelihood that future epidemics will involve both dengue-experienced and naïve populations.
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