1
|
Babaeimarzangou SS, Zaker H, Soleimannezhadbari E, Gamchi NS, Kazeminia M, Tarighi S, Seyedian H, Tsatsakis A, Spandidos DA, Margina D. Vaccine development for zoonotic viral diseases caused by positive‑sense single‑stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Coronaviridae and Togaviridae families (Review). Exp Ther Med 2022; 25:42. [PMID: 36569444 PMCID: PMC9768462 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of zoonotic viral diseases pose a severe threat to public health and economies worldwide, with this currently being more prominent than it previously was human history. These emergency zoonotic diseases that originated and transmitted from vertebrates to humans have been estimated to account for approximately one billion cases of illness and have caused millions of deaths worldwide annually. The recent emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (coronavirus disease 2019) is an excellent example of the unpredictable public health threat causing a pandemic. The present review summarizes the literature data regarding the main vaccine developments in human clinical phase I, II and III trials against the zoonotic positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses belonging to the Coronavirus and Alphavirus genera, including severe acute respiratory syndrome, Middle east respiratory syndrome, Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus, Semliki Forest virus, Ross River virus, Chikungunya virus and O'nyong-nyong virus. That there are neither vaccines nor effective antiviral drugs available against most of these viruses is undeniable. Therefore, new explosive outbreaks of these zoonotic viruses may surely be expected. The present comprehensive review provides an update on the status of vaccine development in different clinical trials against these viruses, as well as an overview of the present results of these trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Sajjad Babaeimarzangou
- Division of Poultry Health and Diseases, Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Himasadat Zaker
- Histology and Microscopic Analysis Division, RASTA Specialized Research Institute (RSRI), West Azerbaijan Science and Technology Park (WASTP), Urmia 5756115322, Iran
| | | | - Naeimeh Shamsi Gamchi
- Histology and Microscopic Analysis Division, RASTA Specialized Research Institute (RSRI), West Azerbaijan Science and Technology Park (WASTP), Urmia 5756115322, Iran
| | - Masoud Kazeminia
- Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
| | - Shima Tarighi
- Veterinary Office of West Azerbaijan Province, Urmia 5717617695, Iran
| | - Homayon Seyedian
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, Iran
| | - Aristidis Tsatsakis
- Laboratory of Toxicology, Department of Medicine, University of Crete, 71307 Heraklion, Greece,Correspondence to: Professor Denisa Margina, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Demetrios A. Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Denisa Margina
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020956 Bucharest, Romania,Correspondence to: Professor Denisa Margina, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Traian Vuia Street, 020956 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Safar HA, Mustafa AS, Amoudy HA, El-Hashim A. The effect of adjuvants and delivery systems on Th1, Th2, Th17 and Treg cytokine responses in mice immunized with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific proteins. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0228381. [PMID: 32027660 PMCID: PMC7004338 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0228381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major health problem of global concern. The control of this disease requires appropriate preventive measures, including vaccines. In TB, T helper (Th)1 cytokines provide protection whereas Th2 and T regulatory (Treg) cytokines contribute to the pathogenesis and Th17 cytokines play a role in both protection and pathogenesis. Previous studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific proteins have identified seven low molecular weight proteins, PE35, ESXA, ESXB, Rv2346c, Rv2347c, Rv3619c, and Rv3620c, as immunodominant antigens inducing Th1-cell responses in humans following natural infection with M. tuberculosis. The aim of this study was to characterize the cytokine responses induced in mice immunized with these proteins, using various adjuvants and delivery systems, i.e. chemical adjuvants (Alum and IFA), non-pathogenic mycobacteria (M. smegmatis and M. vaccae) and a DNA vaccine plasmid (pUMVC6). The immune responses were monitored by quantifying the marker cytokines secreted by Th1 (IFN-ɣ), Th2 (IL-5), Treg (IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17A) cells. DNA corresponding to pe35, esxa, esxb, rv2346c, rv2347c, rv3619c, and rv3620c genes were cloned into the expression vectors pGES-TH-1, pDE22 and pUMVC6 for expression in Escherichia coli, mycobacteria and eukaryotic cells, respectively. Mice were immunized with the recombinants using different adjuvants and delivery systems, and spleen cells were stimulated in vitro with peptides of immunizing proteins to investigate antigen-specific secretion of Th1 (IFN-ɣ), Th2 (IL-5), Treg (IL-10), and Th17 (IL-17A) cytokines. The results showed that spleen cells, from mice immunized with all antigens, secreted the protective Th1 cytokine IFN-ɣ, except ESXB, with one or more adjuvants and delivery systems. However, only Rv3619c consistently induced Th1-biased responses, without the secretion of significant concentrations of Th2, Th17 and Treg cytokines, with all adjuvants and delivery systems. Rv3619c also induced antigen-specific IgG antibodies in immunized mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hussain A. Safar
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Abu Salim Mustafa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
- * E-mail:
| | - Hanady A. Amoudy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ahmed El-Hashim
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ma C, Liu Z, Li W, Qian X, Zhang S, Gao X, Jiang S, Wei L. FbaA- and M protein-based multi-epitope vaccine elicits strong protective immune responses against group A streptococcus in mouse model. Microbes Infect 2014; 16:409-18. [PMID: 24704476 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We report the construction of a recombinant multivalent vaccine against group A streptococcus (GAS), designated F7M5. It contains seven predominant epitopes of FbaA identified by phage display technology, five non-tissue cross-reactive M protein fragments expressed on four selected serotypes prevalent in China, a Trojan antigen (TA) and a poly-alanine DR epitope (PADRE). BALB/c mice were immunized subcutaneously with F7M5 formulated with Freund's adjuvant, using recombinant FbaA and M protein in parallel as control. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), mouse immune sera were assayed for IgG titers, IgG subclasses, and binding of F7M5 with M1GAS. Results indicated that the multivalent vaccine was highly immunogenic and elicited a balanced IgG1/IgG2a response. We also tested the reactivity of F7M5 to antistreptolysin O (ASO) antibodies in sera of GAS-infected patients and found a 95.8% positive rate, indicating that the epitopes of the vaccine were widely expressed in the prevalent serotypes of GAS. More importantly, the F7M5 vaccine elicited strong protective immune responses against lethal-dose challenge with a survival rate of 90%, but induced no cross-reactions or pathological lesions in mouse model, suggesting that F7M5 can be further developed as an effective and safe anti-GAS vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cuiqing Ma
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Wenjian Li
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Xuesong Qian
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Song Zhang
- Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of Ministries of Education and Health, Shanghai Medical College and Institute of Medical Microbiology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Immunology, Basic Medical College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zeng R, Qi X, Gong W, Mei X, Wei L, Ma C, Yin X. Long-lasting balanced immunity and protective efficacy against respiratory syncytial virus in mice induced by a recombinant protein G1F/M2. Vaccine 2007; 25:7422-8. [PMID: 17850930 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the primary cause of serious lower respiratory tract illness in young children. We have engineered a recombinant candidate vaccine G1F/M2, consisting of a cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitope of RSV-M2 protein and a domain of RSV-G protein. In this study, the long-term immunogenicity and protective effect were evaluated. In G1F/M2-immunized mice, special antibodies lasted for more than 19 weeks, and the IgG1/IgG2a ratio remained a balanced level till the end of the study, suggesting mixed Th1/Th2 type of responses. Concomitantly, G1F/M2 elicited long-lived RSV-specific CTL activity that was detectable at 12 weeks after the final immunization. Stronger CTL responses were induced with immunization once more at 13 weeks after the last immunization in G1F/M2-primed mice than those in F/M2-primed mice. These results suggest that G1F/M2-induced long-lasting balanced humoral and cellular immunity responses, and immunological memory in mice. Furthermore, following RSV challenge, long-term protective efficacy was observed. RSV replication in lungs of G1F/M2-primed mice elicited also mixed Th1/Th2 responses, a property that is considered advantageous for the safety of an RSV vaccine. Therefore, G1F/M2 is a promising RSV subunit vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruihong Zeng
- Department of Immunology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang 050017, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Assudani DP, Horton RBV, Mathieu MG, McArdle SEB, Rees RC. The role of CD4+ T cell help in cancer immunity and the formulation of novel cancer vaccines. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2007; 56:70-80. [PMID: 16555057 PMCID: PMC11030950 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2005] [Accepted: 03/05/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have seen the unprecedented surge of interest in the role of CD4+ T cells and the role they play in the development of the immune response. In this symposium review, we examine the evidence for this and discuss their functions, particularly in respect to the cancer immunology, including CD4+CD25+ cells (Treg).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak P. Assudani
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Roger B. V. Horton
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Morgan G. Mathieu
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Stephanie E. B. McArdle
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| | - Robert C. Rees
- School of Biomedical and Natural Sciences, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton lane, NG11 8NS Nottingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Huber SA, Born W, O'Brien R. Dual functions of murine gammadelta cells in inflammation and autoimmunity in coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis: role of Vgamma1+ and Vgamma4+ cells. Microbes Infect 2005; 7:537-43. [PMID: 15777711 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2004.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2004] [Accepted: 12/14/2004] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Coxsackieviruses are a cause of clinical myocarditis. Both virus replication and host defense mechanisms, including virus-induced autoimmunity, mediate heart injury and cardiac dysfunction. Vgamma4+ cells kill infected cardiocytes and virus-specific CD4+ Th2 cells through Fas-dependent apoptosis and CD1d. The CD4+ Th1 response is necessary for activation of the autoimmune CD8+ T cells, which kill uninfected cardiocytes through perforin-dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Huber
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ruiz M, Kobayashi H, Lasarte JJ, Prieto J, Borrás-Cuesta F, Celis E, Sarobe P. Identification and characterization of a T-helper peptide from carcinoembryonic antigen. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10:2860-7. [PMID: 15102695 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-03-0476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this research was to identify promiscuous T-helper cell determinants (THd) from carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) to be used to prime T-cell help for cancer therapy. CEA was selected because this antigen is expressed in an important variety of carcinomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Potential promiscuous THd from CEA were predicted using available computer algorithms. Predicted peptides were synthesized and tested in binding experiments to different HLA-DR molecules. Binder peptides were then used to prime T-cell responses both in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS Twenty 15-mer peptides from CEA were predicted to bind to different HLA-DR molecules. The promiscuous character of these peptides was demonstrated in binding experiments. Fifteen of 20 peptides tested were able to bind to HLA-DR4, but only CEA (625-639) was shown to be presented after processing of recombinant CEA. CEA (625-639) was also found to be presented by HLA-DR53. Moreover, immunization of HLA-DR4 transgenic mice with CEA (625-639) in conjunction with class I epitope OVA (257-264), induced a CTL response specific of OVA (257-264). CONCLUSIONS CEA (625-639) might be a relevant promiscuous THd peptide for cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ruiz
- Facultad de Medicina y Clínica Universitaria, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada , Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Casares N, Arribillaga L, Sarobe P, Dotor J, Lopez-Diaz de Cerio A, Melero I, Prieto J, Borrás-Cuesta F, Lasarte JJ. CD4+/CD25+ Regulatory Cells Inhibit Activation of Tumor-Primed CD4+ T Cells with IFN-γ-Dependent Antiangiogenic Activity, as well as Long-Lasting Tumor Immunity Elicited by Peptide Vaccination. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2003; 171:5931-9. [PMID: 14634104 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.11.5931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CD25(+) regulatory T (T reg) cells suppress the activation/proliferation of other CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cells in vitro. Also, down-regulation of CD25(+) T reg cells enhance antitumor immune responses. In this study, we show that depletion of CD25(+) T reg cells allows the host to induce both CD4(+) and CD8(+) antitumoral responses following tumor challenge. Simultaneous depletion of CD25(+) and CD8(+) cells, as well as adoptive transfer experiments, revealed that tumor-specific CD4(+) T cells, which emerged in the absence of CD25(+) T reg cells, were able to reject CT26 colon cancer cells, a MHC class II-negative tumor. The antitumoral effect mediated by CD4(+) T cells was dependent on IFN-gamma production, which exerted a potent antiangiogenic activity. The capacity of the host to mount this antitumor response is lost once the number of CD25(+) T reg cells is restored over time. However, CD25(+) T reg cell depletion before immunization with AH1 (a cytotoxic T cell determinant from CT26 tumor cells) permits the induction of a long-lasting antitumoral immune response, not observed if immunization is conducted in the presence of regulatory cells. A study of the effect of different levels of depletion of CD25(+) T reg cells before immunization with the peptide AH1 alone, or in combination with a Th determinant, unraveled that Th cells play an important role in overcoming the suppressive effect of CD25(+) T reg on the induction of long-lasting cellular immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Casares
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University Clinic and Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Any program aimed at the development of a vaccine should consider several important issues because they may greatly influence the choice of immunogen used in the vaccine, the delivery system selected for its application, the population to be vaccinated, and the type of vaccine to be developed (ie, preventive or therapeutic). These issues concern the epidemiology of the infectious disease targeted, the actual routes of transmission, the antigenic diversity of the infectious agent, the existing therapies, and their rate of success. In the case of hepatitis C virus, a viral agent whose clinical existence was recognized in the 1970s but which was only identified by the use of molecular cloning technology in the late 1980s, some of these issues are particularly relevant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve Inchauspé
- Unité Mixte CNRS-BioMérieux, UMR 2142, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 Allée d' Italie, Lyon 17-6934, France.
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huber SA, Sartini D, Exley M. Vgamma4(+) T cells promote autoimmune CD8(+) cytolytic T-lymphocyte activation in coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis in mice: role for CD4(+) Th1 cells. J Virol 2002; 76:10785-90. [PMID: 12368321 PMCID: PMC136647 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.76.21.10785-10790.2002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
T cells expressing the Vgamma4 T-cell receptor (TCR) promote myocarditis in coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-infected BALB/c mice. CD1, a major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, is required for activation of Vgamma4(+) cells. Once activated, Vgamma4(+) cells initiate myocarditis through gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-mediated induction of CD4(+) T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in the infected animal. These CD4(+) Th1 cells are required for activation of an autoimmune CD8(+) alphabeta TCR(+) effector, which is the predominant pathogenic agent in this model of CVB3-induced myocarditis. Activated Vgamma4(+) cells can adoptively transfer myocarditis into BALB/c mice infected with a nonmyocarditic variant of CVB3 (H310A1) but cannot transfer myocarditis into either uninfected or CD1(-/-) recipients, demonstrating the need for both infection and CD1 expression for Vgamma4(+) cell function. In contrast, CD8(+) alphabeta TCR(+) cells transfer myocarditis into either infected CD1(-/-) or uninfected recipients, showing that once activated, the CD8(+) alphabeta TCR(+) effectors function independently of both virus and CD1. Vgamma4(+) cells given to mice lacking CD4(+) T cells minimally activate the CD8(+) alphabeta TCR(+) cells. These studies show that Vgamma4(+) cells determine CVB3 pathogenicity by their ability to influence both the CD4(+) and CD8(+) adaptive immune response. Vgamma4(+) cells enhance CD4(+) Th1 (IFN-gamma(+)) cell activation through IFN-gamma- and CD1-dependent mechanisms. CD4(+) Th1 cells promote activation of the autoimmune CD8(+) alphabeta TCR(+) effectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S A Huber
- Department of Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Brinster C, Chen M, Boucreux D, Paranhos-Baccala G, Liljeström P, Lemmonier F, Inchauspé G. Hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 3-specific cellular immune responses following single or combined immunization with DNA or recombinant Semliki Forest virus particles. J Gen Virol 2002; 83:369-381. [PMID: 11807230 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-83-2-369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity of recombinant Semliki Forest virus particles (rSFV) expressing the hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 3 (NS3) to induce, in comparison or in combination with an NS3-expressing plasmid, specific cellular and humoral immune responses in murine models was evaluated. In vitro studies indicated that both types of vaccine expressed the expected size protein, albeit with different efficacies. The use of mice transgenic for the human HLA-A2.1 molecule indicated that the rSFV-expressed NS3 protein induces, as shown previously for an NS3 DNA vaccine, NS3-specific cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTLs) targeted at one dominant HLA-A2 epitope described in infected patients. All DNA/rSFV vaccine combinations evaluated induced specific CTLs, which were detectable for up to 31 weeks after the first injection. Overall, less than 1 log difference was observed in terms of the vigour of the bulk CTL response induced and the CTL precursor frequency between all vaccines (ranging from 1:2.6x10(5) to 1:1x10(6)). Anti-NS3 antibodies could only be detected following a combined vaccine regimen in non-transgenic BALB/c mice. In conclusion, rSFV particles expressing NS3 are capable of inducing NS3-specific cellular immune responses targeted at a major HLA-A2 epitope. Such responses were comparable to those obtained with a DNA-based NS3 vaccine, whether in the context of single or combined regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Brinster
- Unité Mixte CNRS/BioMérieux UMR 2142, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cédex 07, France1
| | - M Chen
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden2
| | - D Boucreux
- Unité Mixte CNRS/BioMérieux UMR 2142, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cédex 07, France1
| | - G Paranhos-Baccala
- Centre Européen de Recherche en Virologie et en Immunologie, CNRS/BioMérieux UMR 2142, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, 69007 Lyon, France3
| | - P Liljeström
- Microbiology and Tumorbiology Center, Karolinska Institute, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden2
| | - F Lemmonier
- Institut Pasteur, Unité d'Immunité Cellulaire Antivirale, Département SIDA-Rétrovirus, 28 rue du Dr Roux, Paris, France4
| | - G Inchauspé
- Unité Mixte CNRS/BioMérieux UMR 2142, Ecole Normale Supérieure, 46 Allée d'Italie, 69364 Lyon Cédex 07, France1
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huarte E, Sarobe P, Lasarte JJ, Brem G, Weiss EH, Prieto J, Borrás-Cuesta F. Identification of HLA-B27-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope from carcinoembryonic antigen. Int J Cancer 2002; 97:58-63. [PMID: 11774244 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.1579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Characterization of epitopes recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in the sequence of tumor antigens is an important step in the development of tumor therapies. Because carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is a protein expressed in a high number of epithelial tumors, it is an interesting target to study. We screened for the presence of HLA-B27-restricted CTL epitopes from CEA by studying the binding to HLA-B27 of 31 synthetic peptides predicted to bind to this molecule. This afforded 16 peptides with moderate or high binding affinity. Immunization of HLA-B27 transgenic mice with the best binder peptides yielded 4 immunogenic peptides: CEA(9-17), CEA(9-18), CEA(138-146) and CEA(360-369). However, splenocytes from mice immunized with a vaccinia virus-expressing CEA recognized only CEA(9-18). These CTLs were of the CD8(+) phenotype, which upon stimulation with peptide specifically produced IFN-gamma. Moreover, they did not cross-react against peptides of region 9-18 from proteins of the CEA family. Our results show that CEA(9-18) may induce specific CTL responses against CEA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Huarte
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Fournillier A, Wychowski C, Boucreux D, Baumert TF, Meunier JC, Jacobs D, Muguet S, Depla E, Inchauspé G. Induction of hepatitis C virus E1 envelope protein-specific immune response can be enhanced by mutation of N-glycosylation sites. J Virol 2001; 75:12088-97. [PMID: 11711599 PMCID: PMC116104 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.75.24.12088-12097.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2001] [Accepted: 09/06/2001] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deglycosylation of viral glycoproteins has been shown to influence the number of available epitopes and to modulate immune recognition of antigens. We investigated the role played by N-glycans in the immunogenicity of hepatitis C virus (HCV) E1 envelope glycoprotein, a naturally poor immunogen. Eight plasmids were engineered, encoding E1 protein mutants in which the four N-linked glycosylation sites of the protein were mutated separately or in combination. In vitro expression studies showed an influence of N-linked glycosylation on expression efficiency, instability, and/or secretion of the mutated proteins. Immunogenicity of the E1 mutants was studied in BALB/c mice following intramuscular and intraepidermal injection of the plasmids. Whereas some mutations had no or only minor effects on the antibody titers induced, mutation of the fourth glycosylation site (N4) significantly enhanced the anti-E1 humoral response in terms of both seroconversion rates and antibody titers. Moreover, antibody induced by the N4 mutant was able to recognize HCV-like particles with higher titers than those induced by the wild-type construct. Epitope mapping indicated that the E1 mutant antigens induced antibody directed at two major domains: one, located at amino acids (aa) 313 to 332, which is known to be reactive with sera from HCV patients, and a second one, located in the N-terminal domain of E1 (aa 192 to 226). Analysis of the induced immune cellular response confirmed the induction of gamma interferon-producing cells by all mutants, albeit to different levels. These results show that N-linked glycosylation can limit the antibody response to the HCV E1 protein and reveal a potential vaccine candidate with enhanced immunogenicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Fournillier
- Unité Mixte CNRS/BioMérieux, 69364 Lyon Cédex 07, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Engler OB, Dai WJ, Sette A, Hunziker IP, Reichen J, Pichler WJ, Cerny A. Peptide vaccines against hepatitis B virus: from animal model to human studies. Mol Immunol 2001; 38:457-65. [PMID: 11741695 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-5890(01)00081-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
An estimated 400 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). Chronic viral hepatitis infection incurs serious sequelae such as liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Prevention and treatment, thus, represent an important target for public health. Preventive vaccines using HBsAg alone or combined with other antigens allow for the generation of neutralizing antibodies which effectively prevent infection in immunocompetent individuals. Cell-mediated immunological mechanisms are thought to be crucial in determining viral persistence or viral elimination. Therapeutic approaches aiming to shift cellular immunity towards viral elimination have been on the research agenda for many years. This paper summarizes pre-clinical and clinical results obtained with the use of immunogenic peptides formulated as vaccines to selectively boost cellular immune responses. Such vaccines are capable of generating cellular immune responses in animal models as well as in humans and represent an important step towards the development of a therapeutic vaccine against chronic hepatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O B Engler
- Clinic of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology/Allergology, University Hospital, Inselspital Bern, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hervás-Stubbs S, Lasarte JJ, Sarobe P, Vivas I, Condreay L, Cullen JM, Prieto J, Borrás-Cuesta F. T-helper cell response to woodchuck hepatitis virus antigens after therapeutic vaccination of chronically-infected animals treated with lamivudine. J Hepatol 2001; 35:105-11. [PMID: 11495027 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-8278(01)00063-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Immunotherapy of patients chronically-infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV) may have the risk of fulminant hepatitis. This risk might be diminished if immunotherapy was carried out under conditions of low viremia. METHODS Five woodchucks chronically-infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (WHV), a virus closely related to HBV, were treated with lamivudine for 23 weeks. At week 10, when viremia had decreased by 3-5 logs, three woodchucks were vaccinated with woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen (WHsAg) plus the T-helper determinant FISEAIIHVLHSR. RESULTS It was found that the administration of lamivudine only, had no effect on the T-helper response against WHV antigens. By contrast, vaccination induced T-helper responses against WHV antigens, shifting the cytokine profile from Th2 to Th0/Th1, but was without effect on viremia, WHsAg levels, or anti-WHs antibodies. Analysis of liver biopsies showed that lamivudine administration may have reduced hepatic inflammation. By contrast, vaccination clearly enhanced hepatic inflammation. After lamivudine withdrawal, viremia returned to high levels. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that therapeutic vaccination of chronically-infected woodchucks under conditions of low viremia shifts the cytokine profile against viral antigens towards Th0/Th1. This shift may prevent the efficient induction of anti-WHs antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Hervás-Stubbs
- epartamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Casares N, Lasarte JJ, de Cerio AL, Sarobe P, Ruiz M, Melero I, Prieto J, Borrás-Cuesta F. Immunization with a tumor-associated CTL epitope plus a tumor-related or unrelated Th1 helper peptide elicits protective CTL immunity. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:1780-9. [PMID: 11385623 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200106)31:6<1780::aid-immu1780>3.0.co;2-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Immunization with cytotoxic T cell epitope SPSYVYHQF (AH1), derived from MuLV gp70 envelope protein expressed by CT26 tumor cells, does not protect BALB/c mice against challenge with CT26 tumor cells. By contrast, immunization with AH1 plus T helper peptides OVA(323-337) or SWM(106-118) eliciting Th1 and Th0 profiles, protected 83% and 33% of mice, respectively. Interestingly, immunization with AH1 plus both helper peptides reverted the efficacy to 33%. We identified the endogenous T helper peptide p(320-333) from gp70 which elicits a Th1 profile and is naturally processed. As for OVA(323-337), immunization with p(320-333) alone did not protect against tumor challenge. However, p(320-333) plus AH1 protected 89% of mice at day 10 after vaccination. Only 20% of mice vaccinated with AH1 + OVA(323-337) or AH1 + p(320-333) were protected when challenged 80 days after immunization. Treatment with OVA(323-337) or with p(320-333) around established tumors delayed tumor growth. Our results show that tumor-related as well as tumor-unrelated but strong Th1 peptides may be useful for inducing CTL responses in tumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Casares
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Pisarev VM, Parajuli P, Mosley RL, Sublet J, Kelsey L, Sarin PS, Zimmerman DH, Winship MD, Talmadge JE. Flt3 ligand enhances the immunogenicity of a gag-based HIV-1 vaccine. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 22:865-76. [PMID: 11090695 DOI: 10.1016/s0192-0561(00)00048-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes and Flt3 ligand (Flt3L), a ligand for the fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor Flt3/ FLK2, can augment the immune response to an HIV peptide vaccine. The HGP-30 peptide used in these studies is a synthetic peptide that corresponds to a highly conserved region of HIV-1 p17 gag (amino acids 86-115). Mice were immunized with HGP-30 or HGP-30 conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses, antibody (IgG) amount and antigen-specific proliferative responses by spleen cells were used to monitor the immune response. Daily injections of Flt3L prior to HGP-30 administration enhanced significantly an antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferation response when compared with Flt3L, HGP-30 alone or HGP-30 containing liposomes. Intravenous administration of HGP-30 was superior to intramuscular (i.m.) immunization for the induction of DTH responses. The HGP-30/KLH containing liposomes enhanced both DTH and antibody responses, while liposomes containing HGP-30 peptide elicited only T cell responses. In these studies, either Flt3L or liposomes increased DTH responses compared with the i.m. injection of the HGP-30 vaccine alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V M Pisarev
- Laboratory of Transplantation Immunology, Department of Pathology/Microbiology, 985660 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5660, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|