1
|
Sthoeger Z, Sharabi A, Asher I, Zinger H, Segal R, Shearer G, Elkayam O, Mozes E. The tolerogenic peptide hCDR1 immunomodulates cytokine and regulatory molecule gene expression in blood mononuclear cells of primary Sjogren's syndrome patients. Clin Immunol 2018; 192:85-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
2
|
Fernandes-Cerqueira C, Ossipova E, Gunasekera S, Hansson M, Mathsson L, Catrina AI, Sommarin Y, Klareskog L, Lundberg K, Rönnelid J, Göransson U, Jakobsson PJ. Targeting of anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies in rheumatoid arthritis using peptides mimicking endogenously citrullinated fibrinogen antigens. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:155. [PMID: 26059223 PMCID: PMC4484629 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have previously identified endogenously citrullinated peptides derived from fibrinogen in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues. In this study, we have investigated the auto-antigenicity of four of those citrullinated peptides, and explored their feasibility to target anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (ACPA). METHODS The autoantigenic potential of the fibrinogen peptides was investigated by screening 927 serum samples from the Epidemiological Investigation of RA (EIRA) cohort on a peptide microarray based on the ImmunoCAP ISAC® system. In order to assay for ACPA blocking, two independent pools of purified ACPA were incubated with the respective targeting peptide prior to binding to cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP)2 using the CCPlus® ELISA kit. RESULTS Two peptides derived from the fibrinogen α chain, Arg573Cit (563-583) and Arg591Cit (580-600), referred to as Cit573 and Cit591, and two peptides from the fibrinogen β chain, Arg72Cit (62-81) and Arg74Cit (62-81) (Cit72 and Cit74), displayed 65%, 15%, 35%, and 53% of immune reactivity among CCP2-positive RA sera, respectively. In CCP2-negative RA sera, a positive reactivity was detected in 5% (Cit573), 6% (Cit591), 8% (Cit72), and 4% (Cit74). In the competition assay, Cit573 and Cit591 peptides reduced ACPA binding to CCP2 by a maximum of 84% and 63% respectively. An additive effect was observed when these peptides were combined. In contrast, Cit74 and Cit72 were less effective. Cyclization of the peptide structure containing Cit573 significantly increased the blocking efficiency. CONCLUSIONS Here we demonstrate extensive autoantibody reactivity against in vivo citrullinated fibrinogen epitopes, and further show the potential use of these peptides for antagonizing ACPA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Fernandes-Cerqueira
- Rheumatology Unit, Department Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Rheumatology Clinic D2:01, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Elena Ossipova
- Rheumatology Unit, Department Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Rheumatology Clinic D2:01, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Sunithi Gunasekera
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Monika Hansson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Rheumatology Clinic D2:01, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Linda Mathsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Anca I Catrina
- Rheumatology Unit, Department Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Rheumatology Clinic D2:01, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Yngve Sommarin
- Euro-Diagnostica AB, Lundavägen 151, 202 11, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Lars Klareskog
- Rheumatology Unit, Department Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Rheumatology Clinic D2:01, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Karin Lundberg
- Rheumatology Unit, Department Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Rheumatology Clinic D2:01, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Johan Rönnelid
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Dag Hammarskjölds v 20, 751 85, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Ulf Göransson
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Biomedical Centre, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Per-Johan Jakobsson
- Rheumatology Unit, Department Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, Rheumatology Clinic D2:01, 171 76, Stockholm, Sweden.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gertel S, Serre G, Shoenfeld Y, Amital H. Immune tolerance induction with multiepitope peptide derived from citrullinated autoantigens attenuates arthritis manifestations in adjuvant arthritis rats. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5674-80. [PMID: 25964493 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Citrullinated peptides are major targets of disease-specific autoantibodies in rheumatoid arthritis. Currently, citrullinated peptides are used as biomarkers for diagnosing rheumatoid arthritis by measuring anti-citrullinated protein Ab (ACPA) titers in patients' sera. The accumulation of citrullinated proteins at synovial inflammation sites suggests that they are possible targets for tolerance induction. The objective of the present study was to determine whether citrullinated peptides could induce tolerance in an experimental arthritis model in rats. In view of the multiplicity of target citrullinated autoantigens described for ACPA, we generated a multiepitope citrullinated peptide (Cit-ME), derived from major prevalent citrullinated autoantigens (citrullinated filaggrin, fibrinogen, vimentin, and collagen type II), and studied its effects on arthritic rats. Adjuvant-induced arthritis was induced in Lewis rats. Beginning at day 7 after disease induction, the rats received eight s.c. injections of Cit-ME on alternate days. Differences in clinical status and modulation of T cell populations were analyzed. In adjuvant-induced arthritis rats treated with Cit-ME, disease severity was significantly reduced compared with that of untreated rats. Moreover, amelioration of disease manifestations was related to an increased regulatory T cell subset and an elevated apoptosis rate of T cells associated with reduced Th17 cells. Thus, the use of citrullinated peptides-based immunotherapy may be a promising approach for tolerance induction in experimental arthritis and perhaps even in susceptible individuals that are ACPA-seropositive in human arthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Gertel
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Guy Serre
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 5165, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 1056 INSERM, Université de Toulouse III, 31062 Toulouse, France; and
| | - Yehuda Shoenfeld
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel
| | - Howard Amital
- Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 52621, Israel; Department of Medicine "B," Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer 52621, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Sthoeger Z, Sharabi A, Mozes E. Novel approaches to the development of targeted therapeutic agents for systemic lupus erythematosus. J Autoimmun 2014; 54:60-71. [PMID: 24958634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem disease in which various cell types and immunological pathways are dysregulated. Current therapies for SLE are based mainly on the use of non-specific immunosuppressive drugs that cause serious side effects. There is, therefore, an unmet need for novel therapeutic means with improved efficacy and lower toxicity. Based on recent better understanding of the pathogenesis of SLE, targeted biological therapies are under different stages of development. The latter include B-cell targeted treatments, agents directed against the B lymphocyte stimulator (BLyS), inhibitors of T cell activation as well as cytokine blocking means. Out of the latter, Belimumab was the first drug approved by the FDA for the treatment of SLE patients. In addition to the non-antigen specific agents that may affect the normal immune system as well, SLE-specific therapeutic means are under development. These are synthetic peptides (e.g. pConsensus, nucleosomal peptides, P140 and hCDR1) that are sequences of conserved regions of molecules involved in the pathogenesis of lupus. The peptides are tolerogenic T-cell epitopes that immunomodulate only cell types and pathways that play a role in the pathogenesis of SLE without interfering with normal immune functions. Two of the peptides (P140 and hCDR1) were tested in clinical trials and were reported to be safe and well tolerated. Thus, synthetic peptides are attractive potential means for the specific treatment of lupus patients. In this review we discuss the various biological treatments that have been developed for lupus with a special focus on the tolerogenic peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zev Sthoeger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel; Department of Internal Medicine B and Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edna Mozes
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
16/6-idiotype expressing antibodies induce brain inflammation and cognitive impairment in mice: the mosaic of central nervous system involvement in lupus. BMC Med 2013; 11:90. [PMID: 23556432 PMCID: PMC3616817 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-11-90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Accepted: 12/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 16/6-idiotype (16/6-Id) of the human anti-DNA antibody was found to induce experimental lupus in naïve mice, manifested by production of autoantibodies, leukopenia and elevated inflammatory markers, as well as kidney and brain involvement. We assessed behavior and brain pathology of naive mice injected intra-cerebra-ventricularly (ICV) with the 16/6-Id antibody. METHODS C3H female mice were injected ICV to the right hemisphere with the human 16/6-Id antibody or commercial human IgG antibodies (control). The mice were tested for depression by the forced swimming test (FST), locomotor and explorative activity by the staircase test, and cognitive functions were examined by the novel object recognition and Y-maze tests. Brain slices were stained for inflammatory processes. RESULTS 16/6-Id injected mice were cognitively impaired as shown by significant differences in the preference for a new object in the novel object recognition test compared to controls (P = 0.012). Similarly, the preference for spatial novelty in the Y-maze test was significantly higher in the control group compared to the 16/6-Id-injected mice (42% vs. 9%, respectively, P = 0.065). Depression-like behavior and locomotor activity were not significantly different between the16/6-Id-injected and the control mice. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed an increase in astrocytes and microglial activation in the hippocampus and amygdala, in the 16/6-Id injected group compared to the control. CONCLUSIONS Passive transfer of 16/6-Id antibodies directly into mice brain resulted in cognitive impairments and histological evidence for brain inflammation. These findings shed additional light on the diverse mosaic pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric lupus.See related Commentary article: http://www.biomedcentral.com/1741-7015/11/91.
Collapse
|
6
|
Sthoeger Z, Zinger H, Sharabi A, Asher I, Mozes E. The tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1, down-regulates the expression of interferon-α in murine and human systemic lupus erythematosus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60394. [PMID: 23555966 PMCID: PMC3610660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1, ameliorated manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) via the immunomodulation of pro-inflammatory and immunosuppressive cytokines and the induction of regulatory T cells. Because type I interferon (IFN-α) has been implicated to play a role in SLE pathogenesis, we investigated the effects of hCDR1 on IFN-α in a murine model of SLE and in human lupus. METHODOLOGY PRINCIPAL FINDINGS (NZBxNZW)F1 mice with established SLE were treated with hCDR1 (10 weekly injections). Splenocytes were obtained for gene expression studies by real-time RT-PCR. hCDR1 down-regulated significantly IFN-α gene expression (73% inhibition compared to vehicle treated mice, p = 0.002) in association with diminished clinical manifestations. Further, hCDR1 reduced, in vitro, IFN-α gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 10 lupus patients (74% inhibition compared to medium, p = 0.002) but had no significant effects on the expression levels of IFN-α in PBMC of primary anti-phospholipid syndrome patients or of healthy controls. Lupus patients were treated for 24 weeks with hCDR1 (5) or placebo (4) by weekly subcutaneous injections. Blood samples collected, before and after treatment, were frozen until mRNA isolation. A significant reduction in IFN-α was determined in hCDR1 treated patients (64.4% inhibition compared to pretreatment expression levels, p = 0.015). No inhibition was observed in the placebo treated patients. In agreement, treatment with hCDR1 resulted in a significant decrease of disease activity. IFN-α appears to play a role in the mechanism of action of hCDR1 since recombinant IFN-α diminished the immunomodulating effects of hCDR1 on IL-1β, TGFβ and FoxP3 gene expression. CONCLUSIONS SIGNIFICANCE We reported previously that hCDR1 affected various cell types and immune pathways in correlation to disease amelioration. The present studies demonstrate that hCDR1 is also capable of down-regulating significantly (and specifically to lupus) IFN-α gene expression. Thus, hCDR1 has a potential role as a novel, disease specific treatment for lupus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zev Sthoeger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Internal Medicine B and Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (ZS); (EM)
| | - Heidy Zinger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ilan Asher
- Department of Internal Medicine B and Clinical Immunology, Kaplan Medical Center, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edna Mozes
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- * E-mail: (ZS); (EM)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shachar I, Haran M. The secret second life of an innocent chaperone: the story of CD74 and B cell/chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell survival. Leuk Lymphoma 2011; 52:1446-54. [PMID: 21417823 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.565437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
This review deals with the cytokine macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and its receptor, CD74. MIF and CD74 have been shown to regulate peripheral B cell survival and were associated with tumor progression and metastasis. CD74 expression has been suggested to serve as a prognostic factor in many cancers, with higher relative expression of CD74 behaving as a marker of tumor progression. In chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells, binding of MIF to CD74 induces nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activation and up-regulation of TAp63 expression, resulting in the secretion of interleukin 8 (IL-8), which in turn promotes cell survival. In addition, TAp63 expression elevates expression of the integrin VLA-4, particularly during the advanced stage of the disease. Blocking of CD74, TAp63, or VLA-4 inhibits the in vivo homing of CLL cells to the BM. Thus, CD74 and its target genes, TAp63 and VLA-4, facilitate migration of CLL cells back to the BM, where they interact with the supportive BM environment that helps rescue them from apoptosis. These results are expected to pave the way toward novel therapeutic strategies aimed at interrupting this survival pathway. One such agent, the monocolonal antibody milatuzumab directed at CD74, is already being studied in early clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Idit Shachar
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Telerman A, Lapter S, Sharabi A, Zinger H, Mozes E. Induction of hippocampal neurogenesis by a tolerogenic peptide that ameliorates lupus manifestations. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 232:151-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Sharabi A, Mozes E. Harnessing regulatory T cells for the therapy of lupus and other autoimmune diseases. Immunotherapy 2011; 1:385-401. [PMID: 20635958 DOI: 10.2217/imt.09.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) maintain immunological homeostasis and prevent autoimmunity. The depletion or functional alteration of Tregs may lead to the development of autoimmune diseases. Tregs consist of different subpopulations of cells, of which CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) cells are the most well characterized. However, CD8 Tregs also constitute a major cell population that has been shown to play an important role in autoimmune diseases. This review will discuss the role of Tregs in autoimmune diseases in general and specifically in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a multisystem autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies against nuclear components and by the deposition of immune complexes in the kidneys as well as in other organs. Abnormalities in Tregs were reported in SLE patients and in animal models of the disease. Current treatment of SLE is based on immunosuppressive drugs that are nonspecific and may cause adverse effects. Therefore, the development of novel, specific, side effect-free therapeutic means that will induce functional Tregs is a most desirable goal. Our group and others have designed and utilized tolerogenic peptides that ameliorate SLE manifestations in murine models. Here, we demonstrate the role of CD4 and CD8 Tregs, as well as the interaction between the two subsets of cells and the mechanism of action of the tolerogenic peptides. We also discuss their therapeutic potential for the treatment of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
A novel tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1, for the specific treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus. Autoimmun Rev 2010; 10:22-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2010] [Accepted: 07/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
11
|
Lapter S, Ben-David H, Sharabi A, Zinger H, Telerman A, Gordin M, Leng L, Bucala R, Shachar I, Mozes E. A role for the B-cell CD74/macrophage migration inhibitory factor pathway in the immunomodulation of systemic lupus erythematosus by a therapeutic tolerogenic peptide. Immunology 2010; 132:87-95. [PMID: 20738420 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2010.03342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that involves dysregulation of B and T cells. A tolerogenic peptide, designated hCDR1, ameliorates disease manifestations in SLE-afflicted mice. In the present study, the effect of treatment with hCDR1 on the CD74/macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) pathway was studied. We report here that B lymphocytes from SLE-afflicted mice express relatively elevated levels of CD74, compared with B cells from healthy mice. CD74 is a receptor found in complex with CD44, and it binds the pro-inflammatory cytokine MIF. The latter components were also up-regulated in B cells from the diseased mice, and treatment with hCDR1 resulted in their down-regulation and in reduced B-cell survival. Furthermore, up-regulation of CD74 and CD44 expression was detected in brain hippocampi and kidneys, two target organs in SLE. Treatment with hCDR1 diminished the expression of those molecules to the levels determined for young healthy mice. These results suggest that the CD74/MIF pathway plays an important role in lupus pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smadar Lapter
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Bcl-xL is required for the development of functional regulatory CD4 cells in lupus-afflicted mice following treatment with a tolerogenic peptide. J Autoimmun 2010; 34:87-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 06/10/2009] [Accepted: 06/14/2009] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
13
|
Lapter S, Marom A, Meshorer A, Elmann A, Sharabi A, Vadai E, Neufeld A, Sztainberg Y, Gil S, Getselter D, Chen A, Mozes E. Amelioration of brain pathology and behavioral dysfunction in mice with lupus following treatment with a tolerogenic peptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 60:3744-54. [PMID: 19950283 DOI: 10.1002/art.25013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is manifested by neurologic deficits and psychiatric disorders. The aim of this study was to examine SLE-associated CNS pathology in lupus-prone (NZBxNZW)F1 (NZB/NZW) mice, and to evaluate the ameliorating effects of treatment with a tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1 (human first complementarity-determining region), on these manifestations. METHODS Histopathologic analyses of brains from lupus-prone NZB/NZW mice treated with vehicle, hCDR1, or a control scrambled peptide were performed. The messenger RNA expression of SLE-associated cytokines and apoptosis-related molecules from the hippocampi was determined. Anxiety-like behavior was assessed by open-field tests and dark/light transfer tests, and memory deficit was assessed using a novel object recognition test. RESULTS Infiltration was evident in the hippocampi of the lupus-afflicted mice, and the presence of CD3+ T cells as well as IgG and complement C3 complex deposition was observed. Furthermore, elevated levels of gliosis and loss of neuronal nuclei immunoreactivity were also observed in the hippocampi of the mice with lupus. Treatment with hCDR1 ameliorated the histopathologic changes. Treatment with hCDR1 down-regulated the high expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-10, interferon-gamma, transforming growth factor beta, and the proapoptotic molecule caspase 8 in the hippocampi of the mice with lupus, and up-regulated expression of the antiapoptotic bcl-xL gene. Diseased mice exhibited increased anxiety-like behavior and memory deficit. Treatment with hCDR1 improved these parameters, as assessed by behavior tests. CONCLUSION Treatment with hCDR1 ameliorated CNS pathology and improved the tested cognitive and mood-related behavior of the mice with lupus. Thus, hCDR1 is a novel candidate for the treatment of CNS lupus.
Collapse
|
14
|
Arazi A, Sharabi A, Zinger H, Mozes E, Neumann AU. In vivo dynamical interactions between CD4 Tregs, CD8 Tregs and CD4+ CD25- cells in mice. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8447. [PMID: 20041142 PMCID: PMC2794381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Regulatory T cells (Tregs) were shown to be central in maintaining immunological homeostasis and preventing the development of autoimmune diseases. Several subsets of Tregs have been identified to date; however, the dynamics of the interactions between these subsets, and their implications on their regulatory functions are yet to be elucidated. Methodology/Principal Findings We employed a combination of mathematical modeling and frequent in vivo measurements of several T cell subsets. Healthy BALB/c mice received a single injection of either hCDR1 - a tolerogenic peptide previously shown to induce Tregs, a control peptide or vehicle alone, and were monitored for 16 days. During this period, splenocytes from the treated mice were analyzed for the levels of CD4, CD25, CD8, CD28 and Foxp3. The collected data were then fitted to mathematical models, in order to test competing hypotheses regarding the interactions between the followed T cell subsets. In all 3 treatment groups, a significant, lasting, non-random perturbation of the immune system could be observed. Our analysis predicted the emergence of functional CD4 Tregs based on inverse oscillations of the latter and CD4+CD25− cells. Furthermore, CD4 Tregs seemed to require a sufficiently high level of CD8 Tregs in order to become functional, while conversion was unlikely to be their major source. Our results indicated in addition that Foxp3 is not a sufficient marker for regulatory activity. Conclusions/Significance In this work, we unraveled the dynamics of the interplay between CD4, CD8 Tregs and effector T cells, using, for the first time, a mathematical-mechanistic perspective in the analysis of Treg kinetics. Furthermore, the results obtained from this interdisciplinary approach supported the notion that CD4 Tregs need to interact with CD8 Tregs in order to become functional. Finally, we generated predictions regarding the time-dependent function of Tregs, which can be further tested empirically in future work.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arnon Arazi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Heidy Zinger
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Edna Mozes
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avidan U. Neumann
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ben-David H, Sharabi A, Parameswaran R, Zinger H, Mozes E. A tolerogenic peptide down-regulates mature B cells in bone marrow of lupus-afflicted mice by inhibition of interleukin-7, leading to apoptosis. Immunology 2009; 128:245-52. [PMID: 19740381 PMCID: PMC2767314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2009.03109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 03/23/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease mediated by T and B cells. It is characterized by a variety of autoantibodies and systemic clinical manifestations. A tolerogenic peptide, designated hCDR1, ameliorated the serological and clinical manifestations of SLE in both spontaneous and induced models of lupus. In the present study, we evaluated the status of mature B cells in the bone marrow (BM) of SLE-afflicted mice, and determined the effect of treatment with the tolerogenic peptide hCDR1 on these cells. We demonstrate herein that mature B cells of the BM of SLE-afflicted (New Zealand Black x New Zealand White)F(1) mice were largely expanded, and that treatment with hCDR1 down-regulated this population. Moreover, treatment with hCDR1 inhibited the expression of the pathogenic cytokines [interferon-gamma and interleukin (IL)-10], whereas it up-regulated the expression of transforming growth factor-beta in the BM. Treatment with hCDR1 up-regulated the rates of apoptosis of mature B cells. The latter was associated with inhibited expression of the survival Bcl-xL gene and of IL-7 by BM cells. Furthermore, the addition of recombinant IL-7 abrogated the suppressive effects of hCDR1 on Bcl-xL in the BM cells and resulted in elevated levels of apoptosis. Hence, the down-regulated production of IL-7 contributes to the hCDR1-mediated apoptosis of mature B cells in the BM of SLE-afflicted mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hava Ben-David
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
A new model of induced experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in pigs and its amelioration by treatment with a tolerogenic peptide. J Clin Immunol 2009; 30:34-44. [PMID: 19756988 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-009-9326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by a variety of autoantibodies and systemic clinical manifestations. A tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1, ameliorated lupus manifestations in mice models. The objectives of this study were to induce experimental SLE in pigs and to determine the ability of hCDR1 to immunomodulate the disease manifestations. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION We report here the successful induction, by a monoclonal anti-DNA antibody, of an SLE-like disease in pigs, manifested by autoantibody production and glomerular immune complex deposits. Treatment of pigs with hCDR1 ameliorated the lupus-related manifestations. Furthermore, the treatment downregulated the gene expression of the pathogenic cytokines, interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, and IL-10, and upregulated the expression of the immunosuppressive cytokine transforming growth factor beta, the antiapoptotic molecule Bcl-xL, and the suppressive master gene, Foxp3, hence restoring the expression of the latter to normal levels. Thus, hCDR1 is capable of ameliorating lupus in large animals and is a potential candidate for the treatment of SLE patients.
Collapse
|
17
|
Sharabi A, Sthoeger ZM, Mahlab K, Lapter S, Zinger H, Mozes E. A tolerogenic peptide that induces suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)-1 restores the aberrant control of IFN-gamma signaling in lupus-affected (NZB x NZW)F1 mice. Clin Immunol 2009; 133:61-8. [PMID: 19631585 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2009.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 06/28/2009] [Accepted: 06/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plays a pathogenic role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Uncontrolled IFN-gamma signaling may result from a deficiency in the negative regulator, namely, suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 (SOCS-1). We investigated the activation status of IFN-gamma signaling pathway in SLE-afflicted (New-Zealand-BlackxNew-Zealand-White)F1 mice and determined its responsiveness when treating with a tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1, which ameliorates SLE. SOCS-1 was suppressed and pSTAT1 was enhanced in spleen-derived cells from SLE-affected mice as compared with healthy controls. Treatment with hCDR1 reversed the expression of these two molecules in association with clinical amelioration. In vitro stimulation with IFN-gamma resulted in elevated levels of SOCS-1 in cells from both vehicle and hCDR1-treated mice but this effect reached significance only in cells of the latter group, which also exhibited reduced levels of pSTAT1. Thus, SOCS-1 is diminished in SLE-affected mice, and treatment with hCDR1 results in its up-regulation thereby restoring control of IFN-gamma signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Iikuni N, Hahn BH, La Cava A. Potential for anti-DNA immunoglobulin peptide therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2009; 9:201-6. [PMID: 19236250 DOI: 10.1517/14712590802681636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease with elevated morbidity and multi-organ involvement. While many strategies have shown efficacy and improved management of SLE, they have often been associated with adverse effects. Some patients may not respond well to some treatments because of inter-individual variability of the disease. More specific and safer therapies are needed. OBJECTIVE/METHODS To review literature on peptide-based therapy of SLE. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS Recently, emphasis has been placed on targeting molecules and pathways involved in the inflammatory response in SLE, including the use of immunogenic peptides derived from anti-DNA antibodies. Encouraging data from murine models of SLE have led to tests in initial clinical trials in humans--which have unfortunately not met the primary endpoints. The current challenge is to design improved strategies for immunotherapeutic use of anti-DNA peptides in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Iikuni
- University of California Los Angeles, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, 1000 Veteran Avenue 32-59, Los Angeles, California 90095-1670, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Parameswaran R, David HB, Sharabi A, Zinger H, Mozes E. B-cell activating factor (BAFF) plays a role in the mechanism of action of a tolerogenic peptide that ameliorates lupus. Clin Immunol 2009; 131:223-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2008.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2008] [Accepted: 12/22/2008] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
20
|
Sthoeger ZM, Sharabi A, Molad Y, Asher I, Zinger H, Dayan M, Mozes E. Treatment of lupus patients with a tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1 (Edratide): immunomodulation of gene expression. J Autoimmun 2009; 33:77-82. [PMID: 19346102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2009.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2009] [Accepted: 03/05/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by dysregulation of cytokines, apoptosis, and B- and T-cell functions. The tolerogenic peptide, hCDR1 (Edratide), ameliorated the clinical manifestations of murine lupus via down-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis, up-regulation of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-beta, and the induction of regulatory T-cells. In the present study, gene expression was determined in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 9 lupus patients that were treated for 26 weeks with either hCDR1 (five patients), or placebo (four patients). Disease activity was assessed by SLEDAI-2K and the BILAG scores. Treatment with hCDR1 significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of the pathogenic cytokines IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and IL-10, of BLyS (B-lymphocyte stimulator) and of the pro-apoptotic molecules caspase-3 and caspase-8. In contrast, the treatment up-regulated in vivo gene expression of both TGF-beta and FoxP3. Furthermore, hCDR1 treatment resulted in a significant decrease in SLEDAI-2K (from 8.0+/-2.45 to 4.4+/-1.67; P=0.02) and BILAG (from 8.2+/-2.7 to 3.6+/-2.9; P=0.03) scores. Thus, the tolerogenic peptide hCDR1, immunomodulates, in vivo, the expression of genes that play a role in SLE, consequently restoring the global immune dysregulation of lupus patients. Hence, hCDR1 has a potential role as a novel disease-specific treatment for lupus patients.
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies that can form immune complexes and deposit in tissues, causing inflammation and organ damage. There is evidence that interferons and some interleukins can have an active role in the pathogenesis of SLE and can contribute significantly to the immune imbalance in the disease, whereas the role of some cytokines (such as TNF) is still debated. This review discusses the activity of several cytokines in SLE, their effects on the immune cells in relation to the disease pathogenesis, and the promise and limitations of cytokine-based therapies in clinical trials for lupus patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine V. Lourenço
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1670, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The tolerogenic peptide hCDR1 downregulates pathogenic cytokines and apoptosis and upregulates immunosuppressive molecules and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of lupus patients. Hum Immunol 2009; 70:139-45. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2009.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
23
|
Sela U, Sharabi A, Dayan M, Hershkoviz R, Mozes E. The role of dendritic cells in the mechanism of action of a peptide that ameliorates lupus in murine models. Immunology 2008; 128:e395-405. [PMID: 19040426 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2008.02988.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized in its early stages by the expansion of autoreactive T cells that trigger B-cell activation with subsequent multi-organ injury. Dendritic cells (DCs) in lupus were found to display an aberrant phenotype with higher expression of the maturation markers major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II, CD80 and CD86, as well as higher production of proinflammatory cytokines including interleukin-12 (IL-12), resulting in an increased ability to activate T cells. A peptide (hCDR1) based on the complementarity determining region-1 of an anti-DNA antibody ameliorated SLE in both induced and spontaneous lupus models by downregulating T-cell functions. Our objectives were to determine whether DCs play a role in promoting the beneficial effects of hCDR1. We showed here that treatment with hCDR1 lowered the expression levels of MHC class II, CD80 and CD86 on DCs. The latter effect was associated with downregulation of messenger RNA expression and secretion of IL-12, a cytokine that upregulated T-cell proliferation and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) secretion. Moreover, DCs derived from hCDR1-treated mice downregulated proliferation and IFN-gamma secretion by T cells from untreated mice. Upregulation of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) secretion by T cells, following treatment with hCDR1, resulted in downregulation of IFN-gamma production and contributed to the phenotypic changes and magnitude of IL-12 secretion by DCs. The ameliorating effects of hCDR1 are therefore mediated at least partially by the upregulated secretion of TGF-beta by T cells that contribute to the induction of DCs with immature phenotype and suppressed functions. The resulting DCs further downregulate autoreactive T-cell functions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Sela
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Sharabi A, Mozes E. The Suppression of Murine Lupus by a Tolerogenic Peptide Involves Foxp3-Expressing CD8 Cells That Are Required for the Optimal Induction and Function of Foxp3-Expressing CD4 Cells. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 181:3243-51. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.181.5.3243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
25
|
Sela U, Dayan M, Hershkoviz R, Lider O, Mozes E. A peptide that ameliorates lupus up-regulates the diminished expression of early growth response factors 2 and 3. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2008; 180:1584-91. [PMID: 18209054 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.3.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Expansion of autoreactive T cells and their resistance to anergy was demonstrated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). A pair of transcription factors, early growth response 2 (Egr-2) and 3 (Egr-3), are negative regulators of T cell activation that were shown to be important in anergy. A peptide (designated hCDR1 for human CDR1) based on the CDR-1 of an anti-DNA Ab ameliorated SLE in both induced and spontaneous lupus models. Our objectives were to determine the expression levels of Egr-2 and Egr-3 in autoreactive T cells following immunization with the lupus-inducing anti-DNA Ab that bears a common Id designated 16/6Id and also in a full-blown SLE and to determine the effect of hCDR1 on these transcription factors. We demonstrated diminished expression levels of Egr-2 and Egr-3 mRNA both early after immunization with the 16/6Id and in SLE-afflicted (NZB x NZW)F1 (New Zealand Black and New Zealand White) mice. Furthermore, by down-regulating Akt phosphorylation and up-regulating TGFbeta secretion, treatment with hCDR1 significantly up-regulated Egr-2 and Egr-3 expression. This was associated with an increased expression of the E3 ligase Cbl-b. Inhibition of Akt in T cells of immunized mice decreased, whereas silencing of the Egr-2 and Egr-3 in T cells of hCDR1-treated mice increased IFN-gamma secretion. Thus, hCDR1 down-regulates Akt phosphorylation, which leads to up-regulated expression of T cell Egr-2 and Egr-3, resulting in the inhibition of IFN-gamma secretion that is required for the maintenance of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Sela
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Sharabi A, Luger D, Ben-David H, Dayan M, Zinger H, Mozes E. The Role of Apoptosis in the Ameliorating Effects of a CDR1-Based Peptide on Lupus Manifestations in a Mouse Model. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:4979-87. [PMID: 17911582 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be induced in mice following immunization with an anti-DNA mAb expressing a major Id, 16/6Id. Treatment with a peptide, designated human CDR1 (hCDR1; Edratide), that is based on the sequence of CDR1 of the 16/6Id ameliorated disease manifestations. In the present study, we investigated the roles of apoptosis and related molecules in BALB/c mice with induced experimental SLE following treatment with hCDR1. A higher state of activation and increased rate of apoptosis were found in lymphocytes of SLE-afflicted mice as compared with healthy controls. The latter effects were associated with up-regulated caspase-8 and caspase-3, and down-regulated Bcl-x(L). The ameliorative effects of hCDR1 were associated with down-regulation of caspase-8 and caspase-3, up-regulation of Bcl-x(L), and a reduced rate of apoptosis. Treatment of diseased mice with an apoptosis-reducing compound that inhibited caspases down-regulated the secretion of the pathogenic cytokine IFN-gamma and lowered the intensity of glomerular immune complex deposits and the levels of proteinuria. Furthermore, coincubation of Bcl-x(L) inhibitors with hCDR1-treated cells abrogated the ability of hCDR1 to reduce the activation state of lymphocytes and to down-regulate the secretion of IL-10 and IFN-gamma. Moreover, the Bcl-x(L)-expressing CD4(+)CD25(+) cells from hCDR1-treated mice induced the expression of Bcl-x(L) in CFSE-labeled CD4(+)CD25(-) cells of the SLE-afflicted mice. Thus, the reduction of apoptosis and the up-regulation of Bcl-x(L), which plays an apparent role in tolerance induction, contribute to at least part of the beneficial effects of hCDR1 on lupus manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Elmann A, Sharabi A, Dayan M, Zinger H, Ophir R, Mozes E. Altered gene expression in mice with lupus treated with edratide, a peptide that ameliorates the disease manifestations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 56:2371-81. [PMID: 17599765 DOI: 10.1002/art.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify genes that are differently expressed in (NZB x NZW)F(1) mice with established lupus compared with healthy controls, and to determine how gene expression is affected by treatment with hCDR1 (Edratide), a peptide synthesized on the basis of the sequence of the first complementarity-determining region (CDR1) of an autoantibody. METHODS RNA was extracted from spleen cells of young, disease-free mice and of older mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) that were treated with hCDR1 or with vehicle alone. Gene expression was assessed using the DNA microarray technique and verified by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). RESULTS In mice with SLE, numerous genes showed increased or decreased expression relative to that in the disease-free controls. Treatment with hCDR1 restored the expression of many of these genes to control levels. Real-time RT-PCR verified that in diseased mice RNA transcripts of Tnfsf4, Il5ra, Zbtb20, and Nid1 were up-regulated, while transcripts of Tfpi and S100a8 were down-regulated, and confirmed the effects of hCDR1 on the expression of those genes. Kidney immunostaining demonstrated that the up-regulated expression of OX40 ligand, which is a protein product of the gene tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily member 4, in diseased mice was reduced by hCDR1. CONCLUSION Expression of numerous genes in mice with SLE differs from that in young, disease-free control mice. Treatment with hCDR1 restores the expression of 22% of these genes to levels similar to those in controls. Thus, one of the mechanisms by which hCDR1 exerts its beneficial effects on the clinical symptoms of SLE is through regulation of gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anat Elmann
- The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Sharabi A, Azulai H, Sthoeger ZM, Mozes E. Clinical amelioration of murine lupus by a peptide based on the complementarity determining region-1 of an autoantibody and by cyclophosphamide: similarities and differences in the mechanisms of action. Immunology 2007; 121:248-57. [PMID: 17346282 PMCID: PMC2265932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2567.2007.02565.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies and systemic clinical manifestations. In this study we investigated the beneficial effects on murine lupus accomplished by a peptide based on the sequence of the complementarity-determining region 1 of an anti-DNA autoantibody (hCDR1) when given alone or in combination with cyclophosphamide (CYC), and determined the mechanisms underlying those effects. SLE-afflicted (NZB x NZW) F(1) mice were treated for 12 weeks with injections of hCDR1, CYC or a combination of both drugs. We found that hCDR1 and CYC ameliorated serological and renal manifestations of the diseased mice, down-regulated interferon-gamma and interleukin-10, and up-regulated transforming growth factor-beta. These effects were associated with an increment of naive CD4(+) cells at the expense of the number of CD4(+) cells with the memory/activated phenotype. Further, the number of CD8(+) cells in the diseased mice was increased by the two drugs, resulting in a significant decrease in the CD4 : CD8 ratio. However, whereas the frequency and activity of CD4(+) CD25(+) CD45RB(low) regulatory T cells and the expression of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in CD4(+) cells were up-regulated by hCDR1 treatment, they were minimally affected following treatment with CYC. CTLA-4 played an important role in the activity of the hCDR1-induced CD4(+) CD25(+) cells as manifested by down-regulation of CD28 expression, decrease of activation-induced apoptosis, and modulation of the cytokine profile in CD4(+) CD25(-) cells derived from SLE-afflicted mice. Thus, although the two drugs have similar ameliorative effects, hCDR1 but not CYC elicits regulatory pathways that are of importance for tolerance induction in SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| | - Hava Azulai
- Department of Medicine ‘B’, Kaplan HospitalRehovot, Israel
| | - Zev M Sthoeger
- Department of Medicine ‘B’, Kaplan HospitalRehovot, Israel
| | - Edna Mozes
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sela U, Dayan M, Hershkoviz R, Cahalon L, Lider O, Mozes E. The negative regulators Foxj1 and Foxo3a are up-regulated by a peptide that inhibits systemic lupus erythematosus-associated T cell responses. Eur J Immunol 2007; 36:2971-80. [PMID: 17051618 DOI: 10.1002/eji.200636137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A peptide (hCDR1) based on the complementarity determining region-1 of an anti-DNA antibody ameliorates systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in induced and spontaneous lupus models. Our objectives were to determine the effects of hCDR1 on TCR signaling and on its negative regulators, Foxj1 and Foxo3a. BALB/c mice were immunized with the SLE-inducing anti-DNA antibody, designated 16/6Id, and treated with hCDR1. hCDR1 treatment specifically inhibited IFN-gamma secretion by T cells in association with down-regulated T-bet expression and NF-kappaB activation; however, GATA-3 expression was not affected. Furthermore, TCR signaling (ZAP-70 phosphorylation) was inhibited, and the mRNA expression of the two modulators of Th1 activation, Foxj1 and Foxo3a, was significantly up-regulated. The latter were also elevated in SLE-afflicted (NZBxNZW)F1 mice that were treated with hCDR1. Addition of TGF-beta, which was elevated following treatment with hCDR1, to T cells from 16/6Id immunized mice, up-regulated Foxj1 and Foxo3a mRNA expression, similarly to hCDR1. In contrast, anti-TGF-beta antibodies added to hCDR1-treated T cells abrogated its effect. Thus, hCDR1 elevates TGF-beta, which contributes to the up-regulation of T cell Foxj1 and Foxo3a expression, leading to inhibition of NF-kappaB activation and IFN-gamma secretion, which is required for the maintenance of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Sela
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Sharabi A, Zinger H, Zborowsky M, Sthoeger ZM, Mozes E. A peptide based on the complementarity-determining region 1 of an autoantibody ameliorates lupus by up-regulating CD4+CD25+ cells and TGF-beta. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:8810-5. [PMID: 16735466 PMCID: PMC1482660 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0603201103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an autoimmune disease characterized by autoantibodies and systemic clinical manifestations. A peptide, designated hCDR1, based on the complementarity-determining region (CDR) 1 of an autoantibody, ameliorated the serological and clinical manifestations of lupus in both spontaneous and induced murine models of lupus. The objectives of the present study were to determine the mechanism(s) underlying the beneficial effects induced by hCDR1. Adoptive transfer of hCDR1-treated cells to systemic lupus erythematosus-afflicted (NZBxNZW)F1 female mice down-regulated all disease manifestations. hCDR1 treatment up-regulated (by 30-40%) CD4+CD25+ cells in association with CD45RBlow, cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4, and Foxp3 expression. Depletion of the CD25+ cells diminished significantly the therapeutic effects of hCDR1, whereas administration of the enriched CD4+CD25+ cell population was beneficial to the diseased mice. Amelioration of disease manifestations was associated with down-regulation of the pathogenic cytokines (e.g., IFN-gamma and IL-10) and up-regulation of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGF-beta, which substantially contributed to the suppressed autoreactivity. TGF-beta was secreted by CD4+ cells that were affected by hCDR1-induced immunoregulatory cells. The hCDR1-induced CD4+CD25+ cells suppressed autoreactive CD4+ cells, resulting in reduced rates of activation-induced apoptosis. Thus, hCDR1 ameliorates lupus through the induction of CD4+CD25+ cells that suppress activation of the autoreactive cells and trigger the up-regulation of TGF-beta.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sharabi
- *Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and
| | - Heidy Zinger
- *Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and
| | - Maya Zborowsky
- *Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and
| | - Zev M. Sthoeger
- Department of Medicine B, Kaplan Hospital, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Edna Mozes
- *Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel; and
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sharabi A, Haviv A, Zinger H, Dayan M, Mozes E. Amelioration of murine lupus by a peptide, based on the complementarity determining region-1 of an autoantibody as compared to dexamethasone: Different effects on cytokines and apoptosis. Clin Immunol 2006; 119:146-55. [PMID: 16503419 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2006.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2005] [Revised: 01/02/2006] [Accepted: 01/14/2006] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A peptide (hCDR1) based on the sequence of the complementarity-determining region-1 of an anti-DNA autoantibody ameliorates clinical manifestations of lupus. We analyzed the beneficial effects of hCDR1 when given alone or in combination with dexamethasone, while comparing the mechanisms of action of the latter. Treatment with either hCDR1 or dexamethasone, or a combination of the latter significantly reduced titers of dsDNA-specific autoantibodies, levels of proteinuria, and intensity of glomerular immune complex deposits. Both drugs down-regulated the secretion and expression of IFN-gamma and IL-10, but only treatment with hCDR1 up-regulated TGF-beta. While both drugs reduced the expression of Fas ligand (FasL) and caspase 8, treatment with hCDR1 resulted in reduced whereas dexamethasone administration resulted in increased rate of apoptosis. Furthermore, down-regulation of FasL appeared to play a role in cytokine modulation. We conclude that specific treatment with hCDR1 ameliorates murine lupus via distinct mechanisms of action than those of dexamethasone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Sharabi
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sela U, Mauermann N, Hershkoviz R, Zinger H, Dayan M, Cahalon L, Liu JP, Mozes E, Lider O. The inhibition of autoreactive T cell functions by a peptide based on the CDR1 of an anti-DNA autoantibody is via TGF-beta-mediated suppression of LFA-1 and CD44 expression and function. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2006; 175:7255-63. [PMID: 16301630 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.11.7255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), which is characterized by the increased production of autoantibodies and defective T cell responses, can be induced in mice by immunization with a human anti-DNA mAb that expresses a major Id, designated 16/6Id. A peptide based on the sequence of the CDR1 of the 16/6Id (human CDR1 (hCDR1)) ameliorated the clinical manifestations of SLE and down-regulated, ex vivo, the 16/6Id-induced T cell proliferation. In this study, we examined the mechanism responsible for the hCDR1-induced modulation of T cell functions related to the pathogenesis of SLE. We found that injection of hCDR1 into BALB/c mice concomitant with their immunization with 16/6Id resulted in a marked elevation of TGF-beta secretion 10 days later. Addition of TGF-beta suppressed the 16/6Id-stimulated T cell proliferation similarly to hCDR1. In addition, we provide evidence that one possible mechanism underlying the hCDR1- and TGFbeta-induced inhibition of T cell proliferation is by down-regulating the expression, and therefore the functions, of a pair of key cell adhesion receptors, LFA-1 (alphaLbeta2) and CD44, which operate as accessory molecules in mediating APC-T cell interactions. Indeed, T cells of mice treated with hCDR1 showed a TGF-beta-induced suppression of adhesion to the LFA-1 and CD44 ligands, hyaluronic acid and ICAM-1, respectively, induced by stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha and PMA. The latter suppression is through the inhibition of ERK phosphorylation. Thus, the down-regulation of SLE-associated responses by hCDR1 treatment may be due to the effect of the up-regulated TGF-beta on the expression and function of T cell adhesion receptors and, consequently, on T cell stimulation, adhesion, and proliferation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Sela
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Rapoport MJ, Sharabi A, Aharoni D, Bloch O, Zinger H, Dayan M, Mozes E. Amelioration of SLE-like manifestations in (NZBxNZW)F1 mice following treatment with a peptide based on the complementarity determining region 1 of an autoantibody is associated with a down-regulation of apoptosis and of the pro-apoptotic factor JNK kinase. Clin Immunol 2005; 117:262-70. [PMID: 16257268 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2005.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Treatment with peptides based on the complementarity determining regions (CDR) of murine and human monoclonal anti-DNA antibodies that bear the common idiotype, 16/6 Id, ameliorates disease manifestations of mice with either induced or spontaneous SLE. Aberrant expression and function of the p21Ras/MAP kinase pathway are associated with active SLE. Therefore, we examined the effect of treatment with a CDR1-based peptide of a human autoantibody (hCDR1) on the p21Ras pathway and SLE manifestations of SLE-prone (NZBxNZW)F1 mice. Untreated SLE-afflicted mice demonstrated increased expression of p21Ras and the phosphorylated active form of its down-stream element JNK kinase in conjunction with reduced hSOS and unchanged p120GAP, as compared to healthy controls. Amelioration of SLE manifestations following treatment with hCDR1 was associated with a diminished expression of phosphorylated JNK kinase, mainly in the T cell population that also exhibited reduced rates of apoptosis. Thus, hCDR1 therapy ameliorates SLE, at least in part, via down-regulation of the activity of the pro-apoptotic JNK kinase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micha J Rapoport
- Department C of Internal Medicine, Assaf Harofeh Medical Center, Zerifin 70300, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Luger D, Dayan M, Zinger H, Liu JP, Mozes E. A peptide based on the complementarity determining region 1 of a human monoclonal autoantibody ameliorates spontaneous and induced lupus manifestations in correlation with cytokine immunomodulation. J Clin Immunol 2005; 24:579-90. [PMID: 15622442 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-004-6245-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A peptide based on the sequence of the complementarity determining region (CDR) 1 of a human monoclonal anti-DNA autoantibody that bears the 16/6 idiotype (16/6Id) was synthesized as a potential candidate for the treatment of SLE patients. The peptide, designated hCDR1, did not induce experimental SLE upon active immunization of mice. The ability of the peptide to treat an already established lupus that was either induced in BALB/c mice or developed spontaneously in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice was tested. Ten weekly injections of hCDR1 (200, 50 microg/mouse) given subcutaneously mitigated disease manifestations (e.g., leukopenia, proteinuria and kidney damage) and resulted in a prominent reduction in the dsDNA specific antibody titers. Furthermore, treatment with hCDR1 resulted in reduced secretion and expression of the "pathogenic" cytokines [i.e., INFgamma, IL-1beta, TNFalpha (in the induced model) and IL-10], whereas the immunosuppressive cytokine TGFbeta was up-regulated. Thus, the significant ameliorating effects of hCDR1 are manifested at least partially via the immunomodulation of the cytokine profile. These results suggest that hCDR1 is a potential candidate for a novel treatment of SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dror Luger
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Sela U, Hershkoviz R, Cahalon L, Lider O, Mozes E. Down-regulation of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha-induced T cell chemotaxis by a peptide based on the complementarity-determining region 1 of an anti-DNA autoantibody via up-regulation of TGF-beta secretion. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2005; 174:302-9. [PMID: 15611253 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.1.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be induced in mice by immunizing them with a monoclonal human anti-DNA Ab that expresses a major Id, designated 16/6Id. In addition, a peptide based on the sequence of the CDR 1 (hCDR1) of the 16/6Id ameliorated the clinical manifestations of SLE in experimental models. In this study we examined the effects of treating mice with human complementary-determining region 1 (hCDR1) on the subsequent chemotaxis of T cells derived from 16/6Id-primed mice. First we demonstrated elevated levels of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1alpha) in the sera of SLE-afflicted mice and in the sera and lymphoid tissues of 16/6Id-immunized BALB/c mice shortly after the immunization. We then found that administration of hCDR1 to 16/6Id-immunized mice specifically down-regulated SDF1alpha-induced T cell chemotaxis through fibronectin and collagen type I. This was accompanied by diminished SDF1-alpha-induced T cell adhesion and ERK phosphorylation. Treatment with hCDR1 up-regulated TGF-beta secretion, which, in turn, inhibited the murine T cell adhesion to and chemotaxis through fibronectin as well as their ERK phosphorylation. Thus, the secretion of TGF-beta after treatment of 16/6Id-immunized mice with hCDR1 plays an important role in the down-regulation of SDF-1alpha-mediated T cell activation and the interactions with extracellular matrix moieties observed in the present study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Uri Sela
- Department of Immunology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Segal R, Dayan M, Zinger H, Mozes E. Suppression of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in mice via TNF inhibition by an anti-TNFalpha monoclonal antibody and by pentoxiphylline. Lupus 2001; 10:23-31. [PMID: 11243506 DOI: 10.1191/096120301675275538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that the clinical manifestations of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) correlate with an early increased secretion of TNFalpha and IL-1. In the present study, we examined the efficacy of two therapeutic modalities which lower TNFalpha production or activity, on the clinical manifestations of the disease. Experimental SLE was induced in naive C3H.SW mice by injection of the human anti-DNA monoclonal antibody (mAb) bearing the common idiotype, 16/6 Id. Two weeks after booster injections, treatment with either an anti-TNFalpha mAb, or pentoxiphylline (PTX) was started, for a period of 6 weeks. Production of TNFalpha (by splenocytes) and IL-1 (by peritoneal macrophages) was determined 3 and 7 months after disease induction. The experimental mice were also followed for disease manifestations. Both treatment protocols, with anti-TNFalpha mAb and with PTX, reduced the production of the two pro-inflammatory cytokines. TNFalpha and IL-1, in mice with experimental SLE. Anti-DNA antibodies were significantly lower in the mice treated with either protocol. In addition, a significantly lower rate of leukopenia, proteinuria and immune complex deposition was observed in treated mice. Abrogation of TNFalpha and IL-1 production in the early stages of experimental SLE by an anti-TNFalpha mAb or by PTX improves the clinical status of mice afflicted with this autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Segal
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Eilat E, Dayan M, Zinger H, Mozes E. The mechanism by which a peptide based on complementarity-determining region-1 of a pathogenic anti-DNA auto-Ab ameliorates experimental systemic lupus erythematosus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:1148-53. [PMID: 11158609 PMCID: PMC14723 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.3.1148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A peptide based on complementarity-determining region (CDR)-1 of a monoclonal murine anti-DNA Ab that bears the common idiotype, 16/6Id, was synthesized and characterized. The peptide, designated pCDR1, was found to be an immunodominant T-cell epitope in BALB/c mice. The CDR1-based peptide was shown to be capable of inhibiting the in vivo priming of BALB/c mice immunized with the peptide or with the whole anti-DNA 16/6Id(+) mAbs of either mouse or human origin. We show here that administration of pCDR1 (weekly, i.v., 100 microgram/mouse) in aqueous solution for 5 weeks starting at the time of disease induction with the human 16/6Id prevented the development of clinical manifestations of experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Further, 10 weekly injections of pCDR1 to BALB/c mice with an established experimental SLE down-regulated clinical manifestations of SLE (e.g., anti-DNA auto-Abs, leukopenia, proteinuria, immune complex deposits in the kidneys) in the treated mice. Prevention of SLE induction was shown to be associated mainly with a decrease in the levels of IL-2, INFgamma, and the proinflammatory cytokine TNFalpha. On the other hand, the secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokine TGFbeta was elevated. Amelioration of the clinical manifestations of an already established experimental SLE correlated with a dramatic decrease in TNFalpha secretion, elevated levels of TGFbeta, and immunomodulation of the Th1 and Th2 type cytokines to levels close to those observed in healthy mice.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/blood
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/chemistry
- Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/chemistry
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Epitopes/immunology
- Humans
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/administration & dosage
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/chemistry
- Immunoglobulin Fragments/therapeutic use
- Injections, Intravenous
- Injections, Subcutaneous
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/pathology
- Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/prevention & control
- Lymphocytes/immunology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Spleen/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Eilat
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Eilat E, Fridkin M, Mozes E. A peptide based on the CDR1 of a pathogenic anti-DNA antibody is more efficient than its analogs in inhibiting autoreactive T cells. Immunobiology 2000; 202:383-93. [PMID: 11131154 DOI: 10.1016/s0171-2985(00)80041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A peptide based on the sequence of the complementarity determining regions 1 (pCDR1) of a pathogenic murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibody (5G12) that bears the 16/6 Id, was synthesized. This peptide was shown to be immunodominant in BALB/c mice, and induced a mild lupus-like disease upon immunization. Furthermore, the pCDR1 when injected in a soluble form was capable of inhibiting the proliferation of lymph node cells primed to either the peptide or the anti-DNA, 16/6 Id antibodies of either murine (5C12) or human (16/6 Id) origin. We have designed and synthesized 39 analogs based on pCDRI with single amino acid substitutions. Out of the above, two analogs, namely, Asp14 and Ser16 inhibited the proliferative responses of a pCDR1-specific T cell line to its stimulating peptide by more than 50%. These two analogs were therefore further studied. Administration of analog Ser16 concomitant with the immunization with pCDR1 inhibited efficiently the proliferative responses of lymph node cells to pCDR1, although pCDR1 was more efficient in its inhibitory capacity. Neither of the analogs were capable of inhibiting significantly the proliferative responses to the human monoclonal anti-DNA antibody with the 16/6 Id whereas pCDR1 did so efficiently. Thus, pCDR1 is more efficient than all its tested analogs in immunomodulating SLE associated immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Eilat
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Dayan M, Segal R, Sthoeger Z, Waisman A, Brosh N, Elkayam O, Eilat E, Fridkin M, Mozes E. Immune response of SLE patients to peptides based on the complementarity determining regions of a pathogenic anti-DNA monoclonal antibody. J Clin Immunol 2000; 20:187-94. [PMID: 10941826 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006685413157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
We have examined the humoral and cellular responses of SLE patients to peptides based on the complementarity-determining regions (CDR) of a monoclonal anti-DNA antibody with a major idiotype- 16/6 Id, in comparison to their responses to the whole 16/6 Id-bearing antibody. Sera of 63% of the SLE patients had antibodies that bound the 16/6 Id, 80% had antibodies to one of the CDR-based peptides, and 40% of the patients reacted with both CDRs. Sera of only a few controls reacted with either the 16/6 Id (6%) or the CDR based peptides (4%) (P < 0.01). Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of 39% of the patients proliferated in response to the 16/6 Id or to one of the CDR-based peptides (37%), while in the control group the proliferation rates were 66% to the 16/6 Id and 59% to one of the CDR-based peptides (P < 0.05). The correlation between (both) the humoral and cellular immune responses to the CDR-based peptides and to the 16/6 Id suggests the relevance of these peptides to the 16/6 Id and provides additional information on the pathogenic moiety of the latter antibody.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Dayan
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Blank M, Waisman A, Mozes E, Koike T, Shoenfeld Y. Characteristics and pathogenic role of anti-beta2-glycoprotein I single-chain Fv domains: induction of experimental antiphospholipid syndrome. Int Immunol 1999; 11:1917-26. [PMID: 10590257 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/11.12.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiphospholipid syndrome is characterized by the presence of high titers of anti-beta(2)-glycoprotein I (beta(2)GPI) antibodies, lupus anticoagulant associated with thromboembolic phenomena, thrombocytopenia and recurrent fetal loss. Single-chain Fv (scFv) were prepared from four anti-beta(2)GPI mAb, CAM, CAL, CAR and 2C4C2, and one anti-ssDNA. All five scFv showed the same antigen binding properties as the original mAb. Replacement of the pathogenic CAM V(H) domain with the non-pathogenic CAL V(H) or anti-ssDNA V(H) decreased the binding affinity of the scFv to beta(2)GPI and completely abrogated the anticoagulant activity. Exchanging the CAM V(H) with anti-DNA V(H) resulted in a shift from anti-beta(2)GPI to anti-ssDNA binding of the scFv. Replacement of the CAM V(L) with CAL V(L) did not affect the binding and activity. BALB/c mice were immunized with the anti-beta(2)GPI scFv, and the scFv resulting from the substitution of the heavy (H) and light (L) chains. The mice which were immunized with CAM, 2C4C2 and CAR scFv developed clinical manifestations of experimental anti-phospholipid syndrome. Elevated titers of mouse anti-cardiolipin (aCL), anti-beta(2)GPI, associated with lupus anticoagulant activity, thrombocytopenia, prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time and a high percentage of fetal resorptions were detected, in the CAM scFv group and in the scFv composed of CAM V(H) groups. High titers of aCL, anti-beta(2)GPI, anti-ss/dsDNA and anti-histone associated with lupus findings were observed in the sera of the 2C4C2 scFv-immunized mice. Immunization with CAL scFv did not lead to any clinical findings. The current study shows that scFv of pathogenic antibodies are capable of inducing the same clinical manifestations as the whole antibody molecule upon active immunization. Replacement of H/L chains point to the importance of the V(H) domains in the pathogenic potential of anti-beta(2)GPI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Blank
- Research Unit of Autoimmune Diseases, Department of Medicine 'B', Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer 52621, Israel
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Waisman A, Ruiz PJ, Israeli E, Eilat E, Könen-Waisman S, Zinger H, Dayan M, Mozes E. Modulation of murine systemic lupus erythematosus with peptides based on complementarity determining regions of a pathogenic anti-DNA monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997; 94:4620-5. [PMID: 9114040 PMCID: PMC20773 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.94.9.4620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be induced in naive mice by immunization with a murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibody (mAb), 5G12, that bears a major idiotype designated 16/6 Id. Strain-dependent differences were observed in the proliferative responses of lymph node cells of mice immunized with two peptides based on the sequences of the complementarity determining region (CDR) 1 and 3 of mAb 5G12. The capacity of the peptides to bind to major histocompatibility complex class II molecules correlated with the proliferative responses. Immunization of high responder strains with the CDR-based peptides led to production of autoantibodies and clinical manifestations characteristic to experimental SLE. The CDR-based peptides could prevent autoantibody production in neonatal mice that were immunized later either with the peptide or with the pathogenic autoantibody. Furthermore, the peptides inhibited specific proliferation of lymph node cells of mice immunized with the same peptide, with mAb 5G12 or with the human mAb anti-DNA, 16/6 Id. Thus, the CDR-based peptides are potential candidates for therapy of SLE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Waisman
- Department of Immunology, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|