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Mezghiche I, Yahia-Cherbal H, Rogge L, Bianchi E. Interleukin 23 receptor: Expression and regulation in immune cells. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2250348. [PMID: 37837262 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The importance of IL-23 and its specific receptor, IL-23R, in the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases has been established, but the underlying pathological mechanisms are not fully understood. This review focuses on IL-23R expression and regulation in immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lars Rogge
- Institut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
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2
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Li L, Guan YC, Bai SY, Jin QW, Tao JP, Zhu GD, Huang SY. Mineralization Reduces the Toxicity and Improves Stability and Protective Immune Response Induced by Toxoplasma gondii. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 12:35. [PMID: 38250848 PMCID: PMC10819335 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is an ideal strategy for the control and prevention of toxoplasmosis. However, the thermostability and effectiveness of vaccines limit their application. Here, calcium mineralization was used to fabricate Toxoplasma gondii tachyzoites as immunogenic core-shell particles with improved immune response and thermostability. In the current study, T. gondii RH particles coated with mineralized shells were fabricated by calcium mineralization. The mineralized shells could maintain the T. gondii tachyzoites structural integrity for at least 12 months and weaken the virulence. Immunization of mice with mineralized tachyzoites induced high levels of T. gondii-specific antibodies and cytokines. The immunized mice were protected with a 100% survival rate in acute and chronic infection, and brain cyst burdens were significantly reduced. This study reported for the first time the strategy of calcium mineralization on T. gondii and proved that mineralized tachyzoites could play an immune protective role, thus expanding the application of biomineralization in T. gondii vaccine delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yong-Chao Guan
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Shao-Yuan Bai
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Qi-Wang Jin
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Jian-Ping Tao
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
| | - Guo-Ding Zhu
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Provincial Medical Key Laboratory, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China;
| | - Si-Yang Huang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, China; (L.L.); (Y.-C.G.); (S.-Y.B.); (Q.-W.J.); (J.-P.T.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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3
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Hashimoto R, Koide H, Katoh Y. MEK inhibitors increase the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:374. [PMID: 37833247 PMCID: PMC10575927 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01674-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is an endotoxin that can cause an acute inflammatory response. Nitric oxide (NO) is one of the most important innate immune system components and is synthesized by inducible NOS (iNOS) in macrophages in response to stimulation with LPS. LPS activates the RAS-RAF-mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)-extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling cascade in macrophages. The purpose of this study was to examine how the combination of LPS and MEK inhibitors, which have been used as anticancer agents in recent years, affects inflammation. We showed that MEK inhibitors enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in LPS-stimulated mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. A MEK inhibitor increased the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation. The expression of the cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) in macrophages was enhanced by the MEK inhibitor, as shown by a cytokine array and ELISA. IL-12 enhanced iNOS expression and NO production in response to LPS. We also showed that tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was secreted by macrophage after stimulation with LPS and that TNF-α and IL-12 synergistically induced iNOS expression and NO production. An anti-IL-12 neutralizing antibody prevented NO production and mortality in an LPS-induced inflammation mouse model in the presence of a MEK inhibitor. These results suggest that the MEK inhibitor increases the mortality rate in mice with LPS-induced inflammation through IL-12-NO signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Hashimoto
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Koide
- Laboratory of Molecular and Biochemical Research, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Youichi Katoh
- Department of Cardiovascular Biology and Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Juntendo University Faculty of International Liberal Arts, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8421, Japan.
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4
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Almeida JS, Casanova JM, Santos-Rosa M, Tarazona R, Solana R, Rodrigues-Santos P. Natural Killer T-like Cells: Immunobiology and Role in Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032743. [PMID: 36769064 PMCID: PMC9917533 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
CD56+ T cells are generally recognized as a distinct population of T cells and are categorized as NKT-like cells. Although our understanding of NKT-like cells is far from satisfactory, it has been shown that aging and a number of disease situations have impacted these cells. To construct an overview of what is currently known, we reviewed the literature on human NKT-like cells. NKT-like cells are highly differentiated T cells with "CD1d-independent" antigen recognition and MHC-unrestricted cell killing. The genesis of NKT-like cells is unclear; however, it is proposed that the acquisition of innate characteristics by T cells could represent a remodeling process leading to successful aging. Additionally, it has been shown that NKT-like cells may play a significant role in several pathological conditions, making it necessary to comprehend whether these cells might function as prognostic markers. The quantification and characterization of these cells might serve as a cutting-edge indicator of individual immune health. Additionally, exploring the mechanisms that can control their killing activity in different contexts may therefore result in innovative therapeutic alternatives in a wide range of disease settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani-Sofia Almeida
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Manuel Casanova
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- University Clinic of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Service, Tumor Unit of the Locomotor Apparatus (UTAL), Coimbra Hospital and Universitary Center (CHUC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuel Santos-Rosa
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel Tarazona
- Immunology Unit, Department of Physiology, University of Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Rafael Solana
- Maimonides Biomedical Research Institute of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Reina Sofía University Hospital, 14004 Córdoba, Spain
- Immunology Unit, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Córdoba, 14071 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Paulo Rodrigues-Santos
- Institute of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra (FMUC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Immunology and Oncology, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Innovation in Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Centre of Coimbra (CACC), 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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5
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Mokkapati S, Narayan VM, Manyam GC, Lim AH, Duplisea JJ, Kokorovic A, Miest TS, Mitra AP, Plote D, Anand SS, Metcalfe MJ, Dunner K, Johnson BA, Czerniak BA, Nieminen T, Heikura T, Yla-Herttuala S, Parker NR, Schluns KS, McConkey DJ, Dinney CP. Lentiviral interferon: A novel method for gene therapy in bladder cancer. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 26:141-157. [PMID: 35847448 PMCID: PMC9251210 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interferon alpha (IFNα) gene therapy is emerging as a new treatment option for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Adenoviral vectors expressing IFNα have shown clinical efficacy treating bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-unresponsive bladder cancer (BLCA). However, transient transgene expression and adenoviral immunogenicity may limit therapeutic activity. Lentiviral vectors can achieve stable transgene expression and are less immunogenic. In this study, we evaluated lentiviral vectors expressing murine IFNα (LV-IFNα) and demonstrate IFNα expression by transduced murine BLCA cell lines, bladder urothelium, and within the urine following intravesical instillation. Murine BLCA cell lines (MB49 and UPPL1541) were sensitive to IFN-mediated cell death after LV-IFNα, whereas BBN975 was inherently resistant. Upregulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) predicted sensitivity to IFN-mediated cell death mediated by caspase signaling, which when inhibited abrogated IFN-mediated cell killing. Intravesical therapy with LV-IFNα/Syn3 in a syngeneic BLCA model significantly improved survival, and molecular analysis of treated tumors revealed upregulation of apoptotic and immune-cell-mediated death pathways. In particular, biomarker discovery analysis identified three clinically actionable targets, PD-L1, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and ALDHA1A, in murine tumors treated with LV-IFNα/Syn3. Our findings warrant the comparison of adenoviral and LV-IFNα and the study of novel combination strategies with IFNα gene therapy for the BLCA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Mokkapati
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
- Corresponding author Sharada Mokkapati, PhD, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA.
| | - Vikram M. Narayan
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Ganiraju C. Manyam
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Amy H. Lim
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Duplisea
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Andrea Kokorovic
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Tanner S. Miest
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Anirban P. Mitra
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Devin Plote
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Selvalakshmi Selvaraj Anand
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Michael J. Metcalfe
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Kenneth Dunner
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Burles A. Johnson
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, John Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Bogdan A. Czerniak
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Tiina Nieminen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tommi Heikura
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - Seppo Yla-Herttuala
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kimberley S. Schluns
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
| | - David J. McConkey
- James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, John Hopkins Greenberg Bladder Cancer Institute, John Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Colin P. Dinney
- University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smith Research Building, 7777 Knight Road, Houston, TX 77584, USA
- Corresponding author Colin P. Dinney, MD, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, CPB7.3279, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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6
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Xia L, Liu XH, Yuan Y, Lowrie DB, Fan XY, Li T, Hu ZD, Lu SH. An Updated Review on MSMD Research Globally and A Literature Review on the Molecular Findings, Clinical Manifestations, and Treatment Approaches in China. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926781. [PMID: 36569938 PMCID: PMC9774035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease (MSMD) arises from a group of rare inherited errors of immunity that result in selective susceptibility of otherwise healthy people to clinical disease caused by low virulence strains of mycobacteria, such as Mycobacterium bovis Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and environmental mycobacteria. Patients have normal resistance to other pathogens and no overt abnormalities in routine immunological and hematological evaluations for primary immunodeficiencies. At least 19 genes and 34 clinical phenotypes have been identified in MSMD. However, there have been no systematic reports on the clinical characteristics and genetic backgrounds of MSMD in China. In this review, on the one hand, we summarize an update findings on molecular defects and immunological mechanisms in the field of MSMD research globally. On the other hand, we undertook a systematic review of PubMed (MEDLINE), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science, EMBASE, CNKI, and Wanfang to identify articles published before Jan 23, 2022, to summarize the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of MSMD in China. All the English and Chinese publications were searched without any restriction on article types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Xia
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Hui Liu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Douglas B. Lowrie
- Shenzhen National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiao-Yong Fan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Li
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi-Dong Hu
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Zhi-Dong Hu, ; Shui-Hua Lu,
| | - Shui-Hua Lu
- Shenzhen National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Shenzhen, China,Department of tuberculosis, The Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China,*Correspondence: Zhi-Dong Hu, ; Shui-Hua Lu,
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7
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Hadji H, Bouchemal K. Advances in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: Focus on polysaccharide nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114101. [PMID: 34999122 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The complex pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) explains the several hurdles for finding an efficient approach to cure it. Nowadays, therapeutic protocols aim to reduce inflammation during the hot phase or maintain remission during the cold phase. Nonetheless, these drugs suffer from severe side effects or poor efficacy due to low bioavailability in the inflamed region of the intestinal tract. New protocols based on antibodies that target proinflammatory cytokines are clinically relevant. However, besides being expensive, their use is associated with a primary nonresponse or a loss of response following a long administration period. Accordingly, many researchers exploited the physiological changes of the mucosal barrier for designing nanoparticulate drug delivery systems to target inflamed tissues. Others exploited biocompatibility and relative affordability of polysaccharides to test their intrinsic anti-inflammatory and healing properties in IBD models. This critical review updates state of the art on advances in IBD treatment. Data on using polysaccharide nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for IBD treatment are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hicheme Hadji
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France
| | - Kawthar Bouchemal
- Institut Galien Paris Saclay, CNRS UMR 8612, Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Pharmacie, 5 rue J-B Clément, 92296 Châtenay-Malabry, France.
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8
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Khalil M, Wang D, Hashemi E, Terhune SS, Malarkannan S. Implications of a 'Third Signal' in NK Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081955. [PMID: 34440725 PMCID: PMC8393955 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Innate and adaptive immune systems are evolutionarily divergent. Primary signaling in T and B cells depends on somatically rearranged clonotypic receptors. In contrast, NK cells use germline-encoded non-clonotypic receptors such as NCRs, NKG2D, and Ly49H. Proliferation and effector functions of T and B cells are dictated by unique peptide epitopes presented on MHC or soluble humoral antigens. However, in NK cells, the primary signals are mediated by self or viral proteins. Secondary signaling mediated by various cytokines is involved in metabolic reprogramming, proliferation, terminal maturation, or memory formation in both innate and adaptive lymphocytes. The family of common gamma (γc) cytokine receptors, including IL-2Rα/β/γ, IL-7Rα/γ, IL-15Rα/β/γ, and IL-21Rα/γ are the prime examples of these secondary signals. A distinct set of cytokine receptors mediate a ‘third’ set of signaling. These include IL-12Rβ1/β2, IL-18Rα/β, IL-23R, IL-27R (WSX-1/gp130), IL-35R (IL-12Rβ2/gp130), and IL-39R (IL-23Rα/gp130) that can prime, activate, and mediate effector functions in lymphocytes. The existence of the ‘third’ signal is known in both innate and adaptive lymphocytes. However, the necessity, context, and functional relevance of this ‘third signal’ in NK cells are elusive. Here, we define the current paradigm of the ‘third’ signal in NK cells and enumerate its clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Khalil
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Dandan Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Elaheh Hashemi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Scott S. Terhune
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.T.); (S.M.)
| | - Subramaniam Malarkannan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology and Immunotherapy, Blood Research Institute, Versiti, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (M.K.); (D.W.); (E.H.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Department of Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Correspondence: (S.S.T.); (S.M.)
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9
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Wu J, Smogorzewski J. Ustekinumab for the treatment of paradoxical skin reactions and cutaneous manifestations of inflammatory bowel diseases. Dermatol Ther 2021; 34:e14883. [PMID: 33594811 DOI: 10.1111/dth.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ustekinumab (STELARA), a human monoclonal antibody directed against IL-12 and IL-23, is FDA-approved to treat psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. Increasing recognition of paradoxical skin reactions induced by older biologic therapies used for inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), such as, adalimumab and infliximab, has led to the investigation of ustekinumab for the treatment of the cutaneous and gastrointestinal manifestations of IBD. In addition, ustekinumab may show efficacy in treating paradoxical cutaneous reactions to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors. A search of the Medline/PubMed database, with additional citations obtained from the references section of relevant articles, yielded 22 articles that were included in this review. Ustekinumab is a safe and effective option for treating the cutaneous manifestations of IBD, such as, metastatic Crohn's disease and pyoderma gangrenosum. It is also an effective treatment for TNF-α inhibitor-induced paradoxical skin reactions, such as, psoriasis that do not remit spontaneously or with conventional treatment. Additional studies should focus on the optimal dosing of ustekinumab for dermatologic conditions beyond psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wu
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jan Smogorzewski
- Division of Dermatology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
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10
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Arianfar E, Shahgordi S, Memarian A. Natural Killer Cell Defects in Breast Cancer: A Key Pathway for Tumor Evasion. Int Rev Immunol 2020; 40:197-216. [PMID: 33258393 DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2020.1845670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As the most important innate immune component cancers invader, natural killer (NK) cells have a magnificent role in antitumor immunity without any prior sensitization. Different subsets of NK cells have distinct responses during tumor cell exposure, according to their phenotypes and environments. Their function is induced mainly by the activity of both inhibitory and activating receptors against cancerous cells. Since the immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer patients has directly deteriorated the phenotype and disturbed the function of NK cells, recruiting compensatory mechanisms indicate promising outcomes for immunotherapeutic approaches. These evidences accentuate the importance of NK cell distinct features in protection against breast tumors. In this review, we discuss the several mechanisms involved in NK cells suppression which consequently promote tumor progression and disease recurrence in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Arianfar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Sanaz Shahgordi
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Ali Memarian
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.,Immunology department, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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11
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Varghese TM, Dudas PL, Allen SJ, Schneeweis JE, Finley MFA. Optimization of a High-Throughput Cell-Based Screening Strategy to Identify Small-Molecule Inhibitors of IL-23 Signaling. SLAS DISCOVERY 2020; 26:122-129. [PMID: 32484379 DOI: 10.1177/2472555220923362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a key cytokine implicated in the pathogenesis of autoimmune disorders, including psoriasis and ulcerative colitis. Although targeted IL-23 antibody therapeutics are used clinically, there are no small-molecule therapeutics that selectively inhibit IL-23 signaling. To address this gap, we developed a high-throughput screening strategy employing an IL-23-responsive cell-based luciferase reporter gene assay as the primary screen, with cellular cytotoxicity and off-target counter screening assays to identify IL-23 pathway-specific inhibitors. The primary screening assay utilized avian DT40 cells, genetically engineered to overexpress IL-23R, IL-12Rβ1, STAT5, and firefly luciferase, in a 1536-well format. Treatment of these cells with IL-23 resulted in the phosphorylation and activation of STAT5, which was completely inhibited by the pan-JAK inhibitor tofacitinib. Assay performance was robust, with signal-to-background >7-fold and Z' > 0.5 over 40 screening plates (approximately 24,000 compounds), with a hit rate of 5% (>66.9% activity cutoff). Of these 1288 hits, 66% were identified as cytotoxic by incubating the IL-23 reporter cells with compound overnight and measuring cell viability. Further assessment of specificity via examination of impact on off-target IFN-γ signaling eliminated an additional 230 compounds, leaving 209 that were evaluated for dose-response activity. Of these compounds, 24 exhibited IC50 values of <7 µM and ≥80% inhibition of IL-23 activity, with >3-fold selectivity over IFN-γ inhibition, thus representing promising starting points for prospective IL-23 pathway small-molecule inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teena M Varghese
- Lead Discovery & Profiling, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Paul L Dudas
- Immunology, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Samantha J Allen
- Lead Discovery & Profiling, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael F A Finley
- Lead Discovery & Profiling, Janssen Research & Development, Spring House, PA, USA
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12
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Argollo MC, Allocca M, Furfaro F, Peyrin-Biroulet L, Danese S. Interleukin-23 Blockers: Born to be First-line Biologic Agents in Inflammatory Bowel Disease? Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:25-31. [PMID: 31092171 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190313140811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decades, the advent of anti-TNF agents has dramatically changed the treatment algorithms for IBD. However, primarily and more importantly, secondary loss of response to anti-TNF agents, is often observed. Thus, new treatment options have been actively explored and some have already been incorporated in the current clinical practice. Among the class of anti-cytokine agents, the anti-IL12/IL23 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been first presented, in clinical practice, by the anti-p40 mAb ustekinumab in Crohn's disease (CD). More selective anti-IL23 agents (anti-p19) have shown efficacy and are being further developed, in contrast to agents inhibiting IL-17 downstream, which have failed in IBD clinical trials despite their clear efficacy in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie C Argollo
- IBD Centre, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariangela Allocca
- IBD Centre, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Furfaro
- IBD Centre, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet
- Department of Gastroenterology and Inserm U954, Nancy University Hospital, Lorraine University, Vandoeuvre, France
| | - Silvio Danese
- IBD Centre, Humanitas Clinical and Research Centre, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, Milan, Italy
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13
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Ivanova DL, Mundhenke TM, Gigley JP. The IL-12- and IL-23-Dependent NK Cell Response Is Essential for Protective Immunity against Secondary Toxoplasma gondii Infection. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:2944-2958. [PMID: 31604804 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NK cells can develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics. Whether they develop these characteristics during Toxoplasma gondii infection is unknown. We addressed this question and dissected the mechanisms involved in secondary NK cell responses using a vaccine-challenge mouse model of T. gondii infection. NK cells were required for control of and survival after secondary T. gondii infection. NK cells increased in number at the reinfection site and produced IFN-γ. To test if these T. gondii experienced NK cells were intrinsically different from naive NK cells, we performed NK cell adoptive transfer into RAG2/cγ-chain-/- mice, NK cell fate mapping, and RAG1-/- mice vaccine-challenge experiments. Although NK cells contributed to immunity after reinfection, they did not develop cell-intrinsic memory-like characteristics after T. gondii vaccination. The mechanisms required for generating these secondary NK cell responses were investigated. Secondary NK cell responses were CD4+ or CD8+ T cell independent. Although IL-12 alone is required for NK cell IFN-γ production during primary T. gondii infection, in the absence of IL-12 using IL-12p35-/- mice or anti-IL-12p70, secondary NK cell responses were only partially reduced after reinfection. IL-23 depletion with anti-IL-23p19 in vivo also significantly reduced the secondary NK cell response. IL-12 and IL-23 blockade with anti-IL-12p40 treatment completely eliminated secondary NK cell responses. Importantly, blockade of IL-12, IL-23, or both significantly reduced control of parasite reinfection and increased parasite burden. Our results define a previously unknown protective role for NK cells during secondary T. gondii infection that is dependent on IL-12 and IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria L Ivanova
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
| | | | - Jason P Gigley
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071
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14
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Ma C, Panaccione R, Khanna R, Feagan BG, Jairath V. IL12/23 or selective IL23 inhibition for the management of moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease? Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2019; 38-39:101604. [PMID: 31327402 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The interleukin (IL)-12 family of cytokines, including IL12 and IL 23, play an important role in driving aberrant Th1 and Th17 immune responses in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). Targeting this pathway has opened new avenues for therapeutic intervention. The approval of ustekinumab, a monoclonal antibody blocking the common p40 subunit of IL12 and IL23, marked an important evolution in medical management for CD: this novel class of biologic therapy demonstrated efficacy in both patients naïve to biologics as well as in patients experiencing inadequate response or loss of response to TNF antagonists. However, as our understanding of the IL12/23 pathway has evolved, specific targeting of IL23 through its unique p19 subunit has become a focus for novel therapeutic development. IL23p19 antagonists have been shown in head-to-head trials to have superior efficacy to ustekinumab for other immune-mediated conditions such as psoriasis. In CD, phase II trials of monoclonal antibodies targeting IL23, including risankizumab and brazikumab, have shown promising results, with multiple agents now entering phase II or phase III studies. In this review, we summarize the current evidence for both anti-IL12/23p40 and anti-IL23p19 monoclonal antibodies in CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada; Robarts Clinical Trials, Inc. London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Remo Panaccione
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
| | - Reena Khanna
- Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Brian G Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials, Inc. London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Robarts Clinical Trials, Inc. London, Ontario, Canada; Division of Gastroenterology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada.
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15
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Macaluso FS, Orlando A, Cottone M. Anti-interleukin-12 and anti-interleukin-23 agents in Crohn's disease. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 19:89-98. [PMID: 30571147 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2019.1561850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Blockers of IL-12/23, as well as specific blockers of IL-23, have been investigated as options for medical therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. These biological agents include ustekinumab - the first agent of this pharmacological class which has shown clinical efficacy in psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis, and moderate-to-severe Crohn's disease (CD) - and other monoclonal antibodies under investigation, including brazikumab, risankizumab, mirikizumab, and guselkumab. AREAS COVERED This review will focus on the rationale of the blockade of IL-12/23 axis in CD, efficacy and safety data of ustekinumab derived from randomized controlled trials and real-life observational studies, and the preliminary data of the highly promising selective IL-23 inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION Data from literature have demonstrated that ustekinumab holds the potential to deserve a relevant role in the management of patients with CD thanks to several properties, including the fast onset of action, the long duration of efficacy, the favorable safety profile, the systemic anti-inflammatory effect, and the peculiar way of administration. Nonetheless, additional research is warranted to determine the real value of ustekinumab, as current data are not able to answer all the questions about its effectiveness in real-life practice, and the external validity of the available results is not absolute.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mario Cottone
- b Internal Medicine Unit , ''Villa Sofia-Cervello'' Hospital , Palermo , Italy
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16
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Aggeletopoulou I, Assimakopoulos SF, Konstantakis C, Triantos C. Interleukin 12/interleukin 23 pathway: Biological basis and therapeutic effect in patients with Crohn's disease. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:4093-4103. [PMID: 30271076 PMCID: PMC6158482 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i36.4093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering that both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease (CD), novel therapeutic options have significantly been developed. Biological agents represent an important addition to the conventional treatments for immuno-inflammatory conditions, acting as antagonists of adhesion molecules or various inflammatory cytokines. The interleukin 12 (IL-12)/IL-23 common pathway has been found to play a determinant role in the induction of inflammation in adaptive immune responses. In particular, IL-23 promotes the differentiation of naïve T helper cells into Th17 phenotype with the concomitant secretion of several inflammatory cytokines such as IL-17 and IL-22, whereas IL-12 induces the Th1 polarization and production of critical cytokines such as interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor. Nowadays, there is increased interest regarding the role of IL-23 as a therapeutic target of CD through the blockage of IL-23 mediated pathways. In this editorial, we focus on the role of IL-12/IL-23 pathway in the regulation of mucosal immunity and in the induction and maintenance of chronic inflammation. In parallel, we critically discuss the available data regarding the therapeutic effect of the IL-12/IL-23 inhibitors and especially of ustekinumab, a human monoclonal antibody which has been recently approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration for the management of moderate-to-severe CD and its potential to be used as first-line therapy in everyday clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Aggeletopoulou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | | | - Christos Konstantakis
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Christos Triantos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
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17
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Ma C, Jairath V, Khanna R, Feagan BG. Investigational drugs in phase I and phase II clinical trials targeting interleukin 23 (IL23) for the treatment of Crohn’s disease. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2018; 27:649-660. [DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2018.1506764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Ma
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vipul Jairath
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reena Khanna
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian G. Feagan
- Robarts Clinical Trials Inc., London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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18
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Zika Virus Infection Preferentially Counterbalances Human Peripheral Monocyte and/or NK Cell Activity. mSphere 2018; 3:mSphere00120-18. [PMID: 29600283 PMCID: PMC5874443 DOI: 10.1128/mspheredirect.00120-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) has reemerged in the population and caused unprecedented global outbreaks. Here, the transcriptomic consequences of ZIKV infection were studied systematically first in human peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages with high-density RNA sequencing. Analyses of the ZIKV genome revealed that the virus underwent genetic diversification, and differential mRNA abundance was found in host cells during infection. Notably, there was a significant change in the cellular response, with cross talk between monocytes and natural killer (NK) cells as one of the highly identified pathways. Immunophenotyping of peripheral blood from ZIKV-infected patients further confirmed the activation of NK cells during acute infection. ZIKV infection in peripheral blood cells isolated from healthy donors led to the induction of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and CD107a-two key markers of NK cell function. Depletion of CD14+ monocytes from peripheral blood resulted in a reduction of these markers and reduced priming of NK cells during infection. This was complemented by the immunoproteomic changes observed. Mechanistically, ZIKV infection preferentially counterbalances monocyte and/or NK cell activity, with implications for targeted cytokine immunotherapies. IMPORTANCE ZIKV reemerged in recent years, causing outbreaks in many parts of the world. Alarmingly, ZIKV infection has been associated with neurological complications such as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in adults and congenital fetal growth-associated anomalies in newborns. Host peripheral immune cells are one of the first to interact with the virus upon successful transmission from an infected female Aedes mosquito. However, little is known about the role of these immune cells during infection. In this work, the immune responses of monocytes, known target cells of ZIKV infection, were investigated by high-density transcriptomics. The analysis saw a robust immune response being elicited. Importantly, it also divulged that monocytes prime NK cell activities during virus infection. Removal of monocytes during the infection changed the immune milieu, which in turn reduced NK cell stimulation. This study provides valuable insights into the pathobiology of the virus and allows for the possibility of designing novel targeted therapeutics.
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19
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Ziblat A, Nuñez SY, Raffo Iraolagoitia XL, Spallanzani RG, Torres NI, Sierra JM, Secchiari F, Domaica CI, Fuertes MB, Zwirner NW. Interleukin (IL)-23 Stimulates IFN-γ Secretion by CD56 bright Natural Killer Cells and Enhances IL-18-Driven Dendritic Cells Activation. Front Immunol 2018; 8:1959. [PMID: 29403472 PMCID: PMC5785728 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-23 is a member of the IL-12 family of cytokines that, as the other members of this family, is secreted by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells (DC) upon recognition of bacterial, viral, and fungal components. IL-23 is critical during immunity against acute infections, and it is also involved in the development of autoimmune diseases. Although immunoregulatory effects of IL-23 on mouse natural killer (NK) cells have been described, the effect of IL-23 on human NK cells remains ill-defined. In this study, we observed that monocytes stimulated with LPS secreted IL-23 and that blockade of this cytokine during monocyte and NK cell coculture led to a diminished production of IFN-γ by NK cells. Accordingly, rIL-23-induced NK cell activation and stimulated IFN-γ production by CD56bright NK cells. This effect involved MEK1/MEK2, JNK, PI3K, mammalian target of rapamycin, and NF-κB, but not STAT-1, STAT-3, nor p38 MAPK pathways. Moreover, while NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity remained unaltered, antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was enhanced after IL-23 stimulation. In addition, IL-23 displayed a synergistic effect with IL-18 for IFN-γ production by both CD56bright and CD56dim NK cells, and this effect was due to a priming effect of IL-23 for IL-18 responsiveness. Furthermore, NK cells pre-stimulated with IL-18 promoted an increase in CD86 expression and IL-12 secretion by DC treated with LPS, and IL-23 potentiated these effects. Moreover, IL-23-driven enhancement of NK cell “helper” function was dependent on NK cell-derived IFN-γ. Therefore, our results suggest that IL-23 may trigger NK cell-mediated “helper” effects on adaptive immunity, shaping T cell responses during different pathological situations through the regulation of DC maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ziblat
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sol Y Nuñez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ximena Lucía Raffo Iraolagoitia
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raúl German Spallanzani
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nicolás I Torres
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jessica M Sierra
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Florencia Secchiari
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carolina I Domaica
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mercedes B Fuertes
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Norberto W Zwirner
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IBYME-CONICET), Laboratorio de Fisiopatología de la Inmunidad Innata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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20
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Functional analyses of the interaction of chicken interleukin 23 subunit p19 with IL-12 subunit p40 to form the IL-23 complex. Mol Immunol 2017; 92:54-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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21
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van de Vosse E, van Dissel JT. IFN-γR1 defects: Mutation update and description of the IFNGR1 variation database. Hum Mutat 2017; 38:1286-1296. [PMID: 28744922 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ signaling is essential for the innate immune defense against mycobacterial infections. IFN-γ signals through the IFN-γ receptor, which consists of a tetramer of two IFN-γR1 chains in complex with two IFN-γR2 chains, where IFN-γR1 is the ligand-binding chain of the interferon-γ receptor and IFN-γR2 is the signal-transducing chain of the IFN-γ receptor. Germline mutations in the gene IFNGR1 encoding the IFN-γR1 cause a primary immunodeficiency that mainly leads to mycobacterial infections. Here, we review the molecular basis of this immunodeficiency in the 130 individuals described to date, and report mutations in five new individuals, bringing the total number to 135 individuals from 98 kindreds. Forty unique IFNGR1 mutations have been reported and they exert either an autosomal dominant or an autosomal recessive effect. Mutations resulting in premature stopcodons represent the majority of IFNGR1 mutations (60%; 24 out of 40), followed by amino acid substitutions (28%, 11 out of 40). All known mutations, as well as 287 other variations, have been deposited in the online IFNGR1 variation database (www.LOVD.nl/IFNGR1). In this article, we review the function of IFN-γR1 and molecular genetics of human IFNGR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap T van Dissel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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22
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Furfaro F, Gilardi D, Allocca M, Cicerone C, Correale C, Fiorino G, Danese S. IL-23 Blockade for Crohn s disease: next generation of anti-cytokine therapy. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2017; 13:457-467. [PMID: 28067059 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2017.1279055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adaptive immunity in intestinal inflammation may play a key role in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease. In particular, interleukin (IL)-23 may be a key mediator in chronic intestinal inflammation by inducing the differentiation of naïve CD4 + T cells into Th17, with the production of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, IL-23 induces interferon-γ (IFN- γ) production from activated T cells, a critical cytokine in innate and adaptive immunity against infections. Areas covered: We aim to review the available data from literature regarding the role of IL-23, with a more specific focus on the recent progresses in the therapeutic modulation of this cytokine. Expert commentary: Increased knowledge regarding the role of IL-23 has allowed for the development of effective therapeutic progresses by blocking the IL-23 mediated pathways. Primary or secondary loss of response to anti-TNF therapies in Crohn's disease patients during the first year is widely described in literature: the development of new drugs, with alternative mechanisms of action, is thus a key point to consider for the optimal management of these subjects. Drugs blocking the IL-12/23 pathway showed a good efficacy and safety profile in immune-mediated diseases Further studies are necessary regarding the role of the single blockade of IL-23.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Furfaro
- a IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Milan , Italy
| | - Daniela Gilardi
- a IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Milan , Italy
| | - Mariangela Allocca
- a IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Milan , Italy
| | - Clelia Cicerone
- a IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Milan , Italy.,b Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties , Sapienza University , Rome , Italy
| | - Carmen Correale
- a IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Milan , Italy
| | - Gionata Fiorino
- a IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Milan , Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- a IBD Center, Department of Gastroenterology , Humanitas Research Hospital , Rozzano , Milan , Italy.,c Department of Biomedical Sciences , Humanitas University , Rozzano , Milan , Italy
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23
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Nasti TH, Cochran JB, Vachhani RV, McKay K, Tsuruta Y, Athar M, Timares L, Elmets CA. IL-23 Inhibits Melanoma Development by Augmenting DNA Repair and Modulating T Cell Subpopulations. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2016; 198:950-961. [PMID: 28003381 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In animal models, IL-12 and IL-23 participate in the development of malignant neoplasms of keratinocytes. However, the role of these cytokines in pigmented lesion development and their progression to melanoma has received little attention. IL-12p35, IL-23p19, and IL-12/IL-23p40 knockout mice on a C3H/HeN background, subjected to a melanomagenesis protocol, demonstrated profound differences in susceptibility to nevus initiation, transformation, tumorigenicity, and metastatic potential. IL-23 was found to be essential for melanocyte homeostasis, whereas IL-12 supported nevus development. A direct action of IL-23 on primary melanocytes, shown to be IL-23R+, demonstrated that DNA repair of damaged melanocytes requires IL-23. Furthermore, IL-23 modulated the cutaneous microenvironment by limiting regulatory T cells and IFN-γ and inhibiting IL-10 production. Neutralizing Ab to IFN-γ, but not IL-17, inhibited nevus development (p < 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahseen H Nasti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - J Barry Cochran
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Raj V Vachhani
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Kristopher McKay
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Yuko Tsuruta
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Laura Timares
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294; and
| | - Craig A Elmets
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL 35294; and .,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35233
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Characterisation of the Whole Blood mRNA Transcriptome in Holstein-Friesian and Jersey Calves in Response to Gradual Weaning. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159707. [PMID: 27479136 PMCID: PMC4968839 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Weaning of dairy calves is an early life husbandry management practice which involves the changeover from a liquid to a solid feed based diet. The objectives of the study were to use RNA-seq technology to examine the effect of (i) breed and (ii) gradual weaning, on the whole blood mRNA transcriptome of artificially reared Holstein-Friesian and Jersey calves. The calves were gradually weaned over 14 days (day (d) -13 to d 0) and mRNA transcription was examined one day before gradual weaning was initiated (d -14), one day after weaning (d 1), and 8 days after weaning (d 8). On d -14, 550 genes were differentially expressed between Holstein-Friesian and Jersey calves, while there were 490 differentially expressed genes (DEG) identified on d 1, and 411 DEG detected eight days after weaning (P < 0.05; FDR < 0.1). No genes were differentially expressed within breed, in response to gradual weaning (P > 0.05). The pathways, gene ontology terms, and biological functions consistently over-represented among the DEG between Holstein-Friesian and Jersey were associated with the immune response and immune cell signalling, specifically chemotaxis. Decreased transcription of several cytokines, chemokines, immunoglobulin-like genes, phagocytosis-promoting receptors and g-protein coupled receptors suggests decreased monocyte, natural killer cell, and T lymphocyte, chemotaxis and activation in Jersey compared to Holstein-Friesian calves. Knowledge of breed-specific immune responses could facilitate health management practices better tailored towards specific disease sensitivities of Holstein-Friesian and Jersey calves. Gradual weaning did not compromise the welfare of artificially-reared dairy calves, evidenced by the lack of alterations in the expression of any genes in response to gradual weaning.
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Quetglas EG, Mujagic Z, Wigge S, Keszthelyi D, Wachten S, Masclee A, Reinisch W. Update on pathogenesis and predictors of response of therapeutic strategies used in inflammatory bowel disease. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:12519-12543. [PMID: 26640330 PMCID: PMC4658608 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i44.12519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The search for biomarkers that characterize specific aspects of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has received substantial interest in the past years and is moving forward rapidly with the help of modern technologies. Nevertheless, there is a direct demand to identify adequate biomarkers for predicting and evaluating therapeutic response to different therapies. In this subset, pharmacogenetics deserves more attention as part of the endeavor to provide personalized medicine. The ultimate goal in this area is the adjustment of medication for a patient’s specific genetic background and thereby to improve drug efficacy and safety rates. The aim of the following review is to utilize the latest knowledge on immunopathogenesis of IBD and update the findings on the field of Immunology and Genetics, to evaluate the response to the different therapies. In the present article, more than 400 publications were reviewed but finally 287 included based on design, reproducibility (or expectancy to be reproducible and translationable into humans) or already measured in humans. A few tests have shown clinical applicability. Other, i.e., genetic associations for the different therapies in IBD have not yet shown consistent or robust results. In the close future it is anticipated that this, cellular and genetic material, as well as the determination of biomarkers will be implemented in an integrated molecular diagnostic and prognostic approach to manage IBD patients.
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Impact of vitamin C on the cardiometabolic and inflammatory profiles of mice lacking a functional Werner syndrome protein helicase. Exp Gerontol 2015; 72:192-203. [PMID: 26521679 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Werner syndrome (WS) is a premature aging disorder caused by mutations in a DNA helicase/exonuclease. Mice lacking the helicase domain of this protein exhibit metabolic abnormalities that are reversed by vitamin C. In this study, we used a targeted metabolomic approach to identify serum metabolites significantly altered in young mutant mice treated with or without vitamin C. We also measured several serum inflammatory and cardiometabolic factors. We show that young mutant mice exhibit an increase in serum hydroxyproline and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), markers of cardiovascular diseases and inflammation, before they exhibit morphological anomalies in different tissues. We also observed an increase in three very long chain lysophosphatidylcholines underlying peroxisome perturbation. Vitamin C reversed the concentrations of these metabolites and PAI-1 to wild type values. Transcriptomic analyses on the liver of mutant mice revealed a decrease in the expression of genes involved in fatty acid degradation compared to wild type animals. Vitamin C treatment increased the expression of genes involved in glutathione metabolism and the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids in these mice. These results show that changes at the transcriptomic level concord with the alterations of several serum metabolites in these mice. Finally, we found that a mislocalization of the Wrn mutant protein in the liver endoplasmic reticulum fraction increased oxidative stress in that cellular compartment. Vitamin C reversed this oxidative stress. To conclude, this study provides novel potential predictive cardiometabolic biomarkers in WS that will allow the assessment of the impact of vitamin C on patients with WS.
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Faber C, Jehs T, Juel HB, Singh A, Falk MK, Sørensen TL, Nissen MH. Early and exudative age-related macular degeneration is associated with increased plasma levels of soluble TNF receptor II. Acta Ophthalmol 2015; 93:242-7. [PMID: 25363549 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have recently identified homeostatic alterations in the circulating T cells of patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In cultures of retinal pigment epithelial cells, we have demonstrated that T-cell-derived cytokines induced the upregulation of complement, chemokines and other proteins implicated in AMD pathogenesis. The purpose of this study was to test whether increased plasma levels of cytokines were present in patients with AMD. METHODS We conducted a case-control study. Age-related macular degeneration status was assessed using standardized multimodal imaging techniques. Plasma was isolated from freshly drawn peripheral venous blood samples and analysed for interleukin (IL)15, IL18, interferon (IFN)γ, soluble tumour necrosis factor (TNF) receptor II (sTNFRII) and complement factor H (CFH) Y402H genotype. RESULTS We included 136 individuals with early or late forms of AMD and 74 controls. Significantly increased levels of sTNFRII were observed in patients with early or exudative AMD (p < 0.01). After adjusting for CFH Y402H genotype, age, sex and smoking history, the level of sTNFRII remained a significant predictor for prevalence of AMD with odds ratios at 3.0 in the middle and 3.6 in the highest tertiles. Levels of IL15, IL18 and IFNγ were low and not associated with AMD. CONCLUSIONS Increased plasma level of sTNFRII is found to be associated with AMD. The data supports the observations of low-grade, systemic inflammatory alterations in patients with AMD. However, it remains to be determined whether increased levels of TNFα can be found, which directly reflects an increased activity of macrophages and T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Faber
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology Glostrup Hospital Glostrup Denmark
| | - Tina Jehs
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - Helene Bæk Juel
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
| | - Amardeep Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mads Krüger Falk
- Department of Ophthalmology Glostrup Hospital Glostrup Denmark
- Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Torben Lykke Sørensen
- Department of Ophthalmology Copenhagen University Hospital Roskilde Roskilde Denmark
- Faculty of Health Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Mogens Holst Nissen
- Department of International Health, Immunology and Microbiology Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Copenhagen Copenhagen N Denmark
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Temizoz B, Kuroda E, Ohata K, Jounai N, Ozasa K, Kobiyama K, Aoshi T, Ishii KJ. TLR9 and STING agonists synergistically induce innate and adaptive type-II IFN. Eur J Immunol 2015; 45:1159-69. [PMID: 25529558 PMCID: PMC4671267 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201445132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Agonists for TLR9 and Stimulator of IFN Gene (STING) act as vaccine adjuvants that induce type-1 immune responses. However, currently available CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) (K-type) induces IFNs only weakly and STING ligands rather induce type-2 immune responses, limiting their potential therapeutic applications. Here, we show a potent synergism between TLR9 and STING agonists. Together, they make an effective type-1 adjuvant and an anticancer agent. The synergistic effect between CpG ODN (K3) and STING-ligand cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP), culminating in NK cell IFN-γ (type-II IFN) production, is due to the concurrent effects of IL-12 and type-I IFNs, which are differentially regulated by IRF3/7, STING, and MyD88. The combination of CpG ODN with cGAMP is a potent type-1 adjuvant, capable of inducing strong Th 1-type responses, as demonstrated by enhanced antigen-specific IgG2c and IFN-γ production, as well as cytotoxic CD8(+) T-cell responses. In our murine tumor models, intratumoral injection of CpG ODN and cGAMP together reduced tumor size significantly compared with the singular treatments, acting as an antigen-free anticancer agent. Thus, the combination of CpG ODN and a STING ligand may offer therapeutic application as a potent type-II IFN inducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Temizoz
- Laboratory of Vaccine Science, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (iFReC), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Visperas A, Shen B, Min B. γδ T cells restrain extrathymic development of Foxp3+-inducible regulatory T cells via IFN-γ. Eur J Immunol 2014; 44:2448-56. [PMID: 24799116 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201344331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Inducible Treg (iTreg) cells generated from Ag-stimulated naïve CD4(+) T cells in the periphery play an important role in regulating immune responses. TGF-β is a key cytokine that promotes this conversion process; however, how this process is regulated in vivo remains unclear. Here, we report that γδ T cells play a crucial role in controlling iTreg generation and suppressor function. Ag-induced iTreg generation was significantly enhanced in C57BL/6 mice in the absence of γδ T cells. Inhibition of iTreg conversion was mediated by IFN-γ produced by activated γδ T cells but not by activated CD4(+) T cells. BM chimera experiments further confirmed γδ-derived IFN-γ-dependent mechanism in regulating iTreg generation in vivo. Lastly, human peripheral blood γδ T cells also interfere with iTreg conversion via IFN-γ. Our results suggest a novel function of γδ T cells in limiting the generation of iTreg cells, potentially balancing immunity and tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabelle Visperas
- Department of Immunology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH, USA; Department of Molecular Medicine, Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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IL-18, but not IL-12, induces production of IFN-γ in the immunosuppressive environment of HPV16 E7 transgenic hyperplastic skin. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2562-2569. [PMID: 24756108 PMCID: PMC4165718 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
IFN-γ plays a central role in the defense against infections and cancer. More recently, however, IFN-γ has also been reported to have immunosuppressive effects in models of autoimmune disease, melanoma and premalignant skin disease. While IL-12 and IL-18 are critical inducers of IFN-γ during infection, the mechanisms that induce IFN-γ in an immunosuppressive context are unknown. Previously, we identified a key role for IFN-γ in mediating the suppression of antigen-specific immune responses in a transgenic mouse model of HPV-associated epidermal hyperplasia, driven by expression of the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein from a keratin 14 promoter (K14E7). We now demonstrate elevated production of IFN-γ, IL-18 and IL-12 by K14E7 transgenic compared to non-transgenic skin. IFN-γ in K14E7 transgenic skin was produced predominantly by CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, which were present in greater number in K14E7 transgenic skin. Production of IFN-γ in K14E7 skin required IL-18 but not IL-12. Our findings show that IL-18 contributes to inducing IFN-γ in an immunosuppressive cutaneous environment caused by viral oncogene-driven hyperplasia.
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Shima K, Sakagami T, Tanabe Y, Aoki N, Moro H, Koya T, Kagamu H, Hasegawa T, Suzuki EI, Narita I. Novel assay to detect increased level of neutralizing anti-interferon gamma autoantibodies in non-tuberculous mycobacterial patients. J Infect Chemother 2013; 20:52-6. [PMID: 24462426 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2013.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Subjects exposed to non-tuberculous mycobacterium (NTM) species do not always develop an active disease, which likely reflects underlying host susceptibility factors. Recent reports have shown that anti interferon gamma (IFN-γ) neutralizing autoantibodies (IFN-γ Ab) are associated with the development of disseminated NTM in patients without known evidence of immunodeficiency. The purpose of this study is to establish the screening method if subjects have IFN-γ Ab. Whole blood was obtained from patients with disseminated NTM, those with pulmonary NTM, and healthy controls. The neutralizing capacity to IFN-γ activity was assessed as an inhibition of Signal Transducer and Activation of Transcription 1 (STAT-1) phosphorylation in leukocyte after stimulation with exogenous IFN-γ by flow cytometer. The strength of phosphorylation was described as STAT1 phosphorylation index. Antigen capture assay was performed to measure the relative titer of Immunoglobulin-G fraction of IFN-γ Ab. STAT1 phosphorylation by IFN-γ was significantly inhibited in the leukocytes from patients with disseminated NTM compared to that in healthy subjects, while this inhibition was not observed in patients with pulmonary NTM. All subjects with inhibited STAT1 phosphorylation had high titer of Immunoglobulin-G that reacted with IFN-γ in the antigen capture assay. The measurement of STAT1 phosphorylation index in whole blood leukocytes and antigen capture assay are simple and useful method for detection of anti-IFN-γ neutralizing autoantibodies, and is valuable in the pathophysiological diagnosis of disseminated NTM patients without obvious immunodeficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Shima
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takuro Sakagami
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Yoshinari Tanabe
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Aoki
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Moro
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Koya
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kagamu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Takashi Hasegawa
- Department of General Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ei-ichi Suzuki
- Department of General Medicine, Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital, Niigata, Japan
| | - Ichiei Narita
- Division of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Disease, Department of Homeostatic Regulation and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
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van de Vosse E, Haverkamp MH, Ramirez-Alejo N, Martinez-Gallo M, Blancas-Galicia L, Metin A, Garty BZ, Sun-Tan Ç, Broides A, de Paus RA, Keskin Ö, Çağdaş D, Tezcan I, Lopez-Ruzafa E, Aróstegui JI, Levy J, Espinosa-Rosales FJ, Sanal Ö, Santos-Argumedo L, Casanova JL, Boisson-Dupuis S, van Dissel JT, Bustamante J. IL-12Rβ1 deficiency: mutation update and description of the IL12RB1 variation database. Hum Mutat 2013; 34:1329-39. [PMID: 23864330 DOI: 10.1002/humu.22380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by predisposition to recurrent and/or severe infections caused by otherwise poorly pathogenic mycobacteria and salmonella. IL-12Rβ1 is a receptor chain of both the IL-12 and the IL-23 receptor and deficiency of IL-12Rβ1 thus abolishes both IL-12 and IL-23 signaling. IL-12Rβ1 deficiency is caused by bi-allelic mutations in the IL12RB1 gene. Mutations resulting in premature stop codons, such as nonsense, frame shift, and splice site mutations, represent the majority of IL-12Rβ1 deficiency causing mutations (66%; 46/70). Also every other morbid mutation completely inactivates the IL-12Rβ1 protein. In addition to disease-causing mutations, rare and common variations with unknown functional effect have been reported in IL12RB1. All these variants have been deposited in the online IL12RB1 variation database (www.LOVD.nl/IL12RB1). In this article, we review the function of IL-12Rβ1 and molecular genetics of human IL12RB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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de Paus RA, Geilenkirchen MA, van Riet S, van Dissel JT, van de Vosse E. Differential expression and function of human IL-12Rβ2 polymorphic variants. Mol Immunol 2013; 56:380-9. [PMID: 23911393 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2013] [Revised: 06/28/2013] [Accepted: 07/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for interleukin-12, formed by IL-12Rβ1 and IL-12Rβ2, mediates the type I immune responses of various types of lymphocytes. Polymorphisms in IL12RB2, the gene encoding IL-12Rβ2, were reported to be associated with several immune related diseases, such as Crohn's disease. Because the IL23R and IL12RB2 genes are located in close proximity on the genome, the reported associations might also be attributable to linked polymorphisms in IL23R, which were found to be associated with immune related diseases as well. To clarify the role of IL-12Rβ2 in immune diseases, we investigated the functional consequences of thirteen amino acid substitutions in IL-12Rβ2. We developed a model with retroviral expression of IL-12Rβ2 in B cell lines. With the use of this model the expression and function of the variants was compared within the same genetic background. Four of the IL-12Rβ2 variants, N271Y, R313G, A604V and L808R showed reduced IL-12 responses compared to the wild type variant. Two of these are relatively common in some populations and may be used in future association studies to reveal a role for IL-12 in infectious and/or immune related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roelof A de Paus
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Involvement of Th17 cells in patients of urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Hum Immunol 2013; 74:1258-62. [PMID: 23827655 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2013.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the second most common urologic malignancy after prostate with urothelial carcinoma accounting for 90% of all bladder cancers. Th17 cells representing novel subset of CD4(+) cells have well described roles in autoimmune diseases and inflammation. Recent studies suggest a potential impact of Th17 cells in tumor immunology. The implication of Th17 cells in bladder cancer can be judged by the expression of their related cytokines and a key transcription factor, RORγt which helps in the development of Th17 cells. Therefore, we aim to assess expression of Th17 related cytokines, RORγt and distribution of Th17 cells to understand its involvement in bladder cancer. In our study, frequency of Th17 cells was significantly higher (p-value <0.001) in patients than controls. Circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-17A, IL-23 and IL-6 were also significantly elevated in patients. Relative mRNA expression of IL-17A and RORγt in PBMCs and fold change in gene expression in tissues was found to be significantly elevated. These findings indicate the possible involvement of Th17 cells in urothelial carcinoma of bladder. Further the data can be validated to better understand the role of Th17 cells in this disease which might help in formulating targeted therapeutic strategy in future.
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Shen H, Zhang W, Abraham C, Cho JH. Age and CD161 expression contribute to inter-individual variation in interleukin-23 response in CD8+ memory human T cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57746. [PMID: 23469228 PMCID: PMC3585933 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The interleukin-23 (IL-23) pathway plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of multiple chronic inflammatory disorders, however, inter-individual variability in IL-23-induced signal transduction in circulating human lymphocytes has not been well-defined. In this study, we observed marked, reproducible inter-individual differences in IL-23 responsiveness (measured by STAT3 phosphorylation) in peripheral blood CD8+CD45RO+ memory T and CD3+CD56+ NKT cells. Age, but not gender, was a significant (Pearson’s correlation coefficient, r = −0.37, p = 0.001) source of variability observed in CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells, with IL-23 responsiveness gradually decreasing with increasing age. Relative to cells from individuals demonstrating low responsiveness to IL-23 stimulation, CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells from individuals demonstrating high responsiveness to IL-23 stimulation showed increased gene expression for IL-23 receptor (IL-23R), RORC (RORγt) and CD161 (KLRB1), whereas RORA (RORα) and STAT3 expression were equivalent. Similar to CD4+ memory T cells, IL-23 responsiveness is confined to the CD161+ subset in CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells, suggesting a similar CD161+ precursor as has been reported for CD4+ Th17 cells. We observed a very strong positive correlation between IL-23 responsiveness and the fraction of CD161+, CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells (r = 0.80, p<0.001). Moreover, the fraction of CD161+, CD8+CD45RO+ memory T cells gradually decreases with aging (r = −0.34, p = 0.05). Our data define the inter-individual differences in IL-23 responsiveness in peripheral blood lymphocytes from the general population. Variable expression of CD161, IL-23R and RORC affects IL-23 responsiveness and contributes to the inter-individual susceptibility to IL-23-mediated defenses and inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Shen
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Clara Abraham
- Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Judy H. Cho
- Department of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
- * E-mail: .
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Küçük C, Hu X, Iqbal J, Gaulard P, Klinkebiel D, Cornish A, Dave BJ, Chan WC. HACE1 is a tumor suppressor gene candidate in natural killer cell neoplasms. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2012; 182:49-55. [PMID: 23142381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2012.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Revised: 08/29/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
HACE1 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase located in 6q21, the genomic region frequently deleted in natural killer (NK) cell malignancies. Here, we report HACE1 as a candidate tumor suppressor gene silenced through a combination of deletion and cytosine phosphate guanine island hypermethylation. We detected deletion of HACE1 in malignant NK cell lines (6 of 9, 67%) and primary biopsies (5 of 15, 33%) by quantitative PCR, with most of the specimen showing cytosine phosphate guanine island hypermethylation in the remaining allele, leading to low mRNA transcription. The ectopic expression of HACE1 in an HACE1-null NK cell line led to apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Moreover, HACE1 expression was up-regulated in IL-2-activated normal NK cells and NK cells cocultured with an engineered NK cell target, K562 Clone 9.mbIL21, suggesting its role in the regulation of NK cell homeostasis. In conclusion, HACE1 is another potent tumor suppressor gene located within the 6q21 region, and loss of function of multiple tumor suppressor genes within 6q21 may be a critical determinant of NK cell lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Küçük
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska 68198-3135, USA
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IL23R(Arg381Gln) functional polymorphism is associated with active pulmonary tuberculosis severity. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2012; 19:1188-92. [PMID: 22695161 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00135-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the interleukin-23 receptor gene (IL23R; rs11209026, 1142 G(wild type) → A(reduced function), Arg381Gln) and disease severity outcome in pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) in the Tunisian population. SNP was investigated in a population of 168 patients with active pulmonary TB (cases were stratified into patients with minimal/moderate lung involvement, i.e., patients with minimal/moderate disease [Pmd], and patients with extensive lung involvement, i.e., patients with active disease [Pad]) and 150 healthy subjects. Genotype analyses were carried out using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. We have found that the IL23R reduced-function allele 1142A and genotypes AA and AG were overrepresented, especially in the Pad subgroup compared with the control group (51% versus 18% [P = 10(-8)], 33% versus 5% [P = 10(-8)], and 36% versus 26% [P = 5 × 10(-3)], respectively). Additionally, comparison of the Pad and the Pmd groups showed that the A allele and AA genotype seemed to be associated with 2.79-fold (P = 4 × 10(-5)) and 7.74-fold (P = 10(-5)) increased risks of TB with minimal/moderate lung involvement, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the reduced-function polymorphism 1142G → A encoded by IL23R influences the outcome of disease severity of active pulmonary TB in Tunisian patients.
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Karmakar S, Bhaumik SK, Paul J, De T. TLR4 and NKT cell synergy in immunotherapy against visceral leishmaniasis. PLoS Pathog 2012; 8:e1002646. [PMID: 22511870 PMCID: PMC3325212 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
NKT cells play an important role in autoimmune diseases, tumor surveillance, and infectious diseases, providing in most cases protection against infection. NKT cells are reactive to CD1d presented glycolipid antigens. They can modulate immune responses by promoting the secretion of type 1, type 2, or immune regulatory cytokines. Pathogen-derived signals to dendritic cells mediated via Toll like Receptors (TLR) can be modulated by activated invariant Natural Killer T (iNKT) cells. The terminal β-(1–4)-galactose residues of glycans can modulate host responsiveness in a T helper type-1 direction via IFN-γ and TLRs. We have attempted to develop a defined immunotherapeutic, based on the cooperative action of a TLR ligand and iNKT cell using a mouse model of visceral leishmaniasis. We evaluated the anti-Leishmania immune responses and the protective efficacy of the β-(1–4)-galactose terminal NKT cell ligand glycosphingophospholipid (GSPL) antigen of L. donovani parasites. Our results suggest that TLR4 can function as an upstream sensor for GSPL and provoke intracellular inflammatory signaling necessary for parasite killing. Treatment with GSPL was able to induce a strong effective T cell response that contributed to effective control of acute parasite burden and led to undetectable parasite persistence in the infected animals. These studies for the first time demonstrate the interactions between a TLR ligand and iNKT cell activation in visceral leishmaniasis immunotherapeutic. Kala azar (visceral leishmaniasis) is a deadly disease caused by the parasitic protozoa Leishmania donovani. In absence of a suitable vaccine, the incidence of leishmaniasis has increased. The World Health Organization observes that, if the disease is not treated, the fatality rate in developing countries can be as high as 100% within 2 years. Therapy of visceral leishmaniasis can be complicated by toxic side effects, drug resistance, and the need for prolonged treatment regimens. Therefore, improved therapy for leishmaniasis remains desirable. Immunotherapy to selectively induce type 1 immune responses considered essential for resistance to leishmaniasis has shown great promise. CD1d-binding glycolipids stimulate TCR signaling and activation of invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells. Terminal β-(1–4)-galactose residues in glycoconjugates have been identified as the TLR ligand that induces IFN-γ via TLR signaling. We have used the β-(1–4)-galactose terminal glycosphingophospholipid (GSPL) antigen from L. donovani parasites to treat infected BALB/c mice. We report that immunotherapy with GSPL induced IFN-γ, a type 1 cytokine, through the cooperative action of TLR4 and NKT-cells that contributed to effective control of acute parasite burden in the infected animals.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen Presentation/drug effects
- Antigen Presentation/genetics
- Antigens, CD1d/genetics
- Antigens, CD1d/immunology
- Antigens, CD1d/metabolism
- Antigens, Protozoan/genetics
- Antigens, Protozoan/immunology
- Antigens, Protozoan/metabolism
- Antigens, Protozoan/pharmacology
- Cricetinae
- Glycosphingolipids/genetics
- Glycosphingolipids/immunology
- Glycosphingolipids/metabolism
- Glycosphingolipids/pharmacology
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Leishmania donovani/immunology
- Leishmania donovani/metabolism
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/genetics
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/immunology
- Leishmaniasis, Visceral/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Natural Killer T-Cells/metabolism
- Polysaccharides/genetics
- Polysaccharides/immunology
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Th1 Cells/immunology
- Th1 Cells/metabolism
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/genetics
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology
- Toll-Like Receptor 4/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tripti De
- Division of Infectious Disease and Immunology, Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
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Souza-Fonseca-Guimaraes F, Adib-Conquy M, Cavaillon JM. Natural killer (NK) cells in antibacterial innate immunity: angels or devils? Mol Med 2012; 18:270-85. [PMID: 22105606 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2011.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells were first described as immune leukocytes that could kill tumor cells and soon after were reported to kill virus-infected cells. In the mid-1980s, 10 years after their discovery, NK cells were also demonstrated to contribute to the fight against bacterial infection, particularly because of crosstalk with other leukocytes. A wide variety of immune cells are now recognized to interact with NK cells through the production of cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2, IL-12, IL-15 and IL-18, which boost NK cell activities. The recent demonstration that NK cells express pattern recognition receptors, namely Toll-like and nucleotide oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors, led to the understanding that these cells are not only under the control of accessory cells, but can be directly involved in the antibacterial response thanks to their capacity to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Interferon (IFN)-γ is the predominant cytokine produced by activated NK cells. IFN-γ is a key contributor to antibacterial immune defense. However, in synergy with other inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ can also lead to deleterious effects similar to those observed during sepsis. Accordingly, as the main source of IFN-γ in the early phase of infection, NK cells display both beneficial and deleterious effects, depending on the circumstances.
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Benson JM, Sachs CW, Treacy G, Zhou H, Pendley CE, Brodmerkel CM, Shankar G, Mascelli MA. Therapeutic targeting of the IL-12/23 pathways: generation and characterization of ustekinumab. Nat Biotechnol 2012; 29:615-24. [PMID: 21747388 DOI: 10.1038/nbt.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and clinical studies conducted in the mid-1990s reported strong association and causality between the T-cell helper (T(H)) 1 inductor cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 and numerous immune-mediated disorders, which spurred the development of therapeutic agents targeting IL-12 function. One of the first to enter the clinic, ustekinumab, is a human monoclonal antibody (mAb) that binds to the p40 subunit of IL-12. Subsequent to the generation of ustekinumab, it was discovered that IL-23 also contains the p40 subunit. Thus, although ustekinumab was designed to target IL-12, it also modulates IL-23, a cytokine important to the development and/or maintenance of T(H)17 cells. Clinical observations established that IL-12/23p40 is integral to the pathologies of psoriasis, psoriatic arthritis and Crohn's disease. The molecular and cellular evaluations conducted in ustekinumab clinical programs have provided numerous insights into the pathologic processes of these disorders, illustrating how a novel molecular entity can contribute to our understanding of disease. The individual contributions of these cytokines to specific pathologies require investigation and clinical evaluation of the role of IL-12- and IL-23-specific inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Benson
- Centocor Research & Development, Inc., Division of Johnson & Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, Pennsylvania, USA.
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Benson JM, Peritt D, Scallon BJ, Heavner GA, Shealy DJ, Giles-Komar JM, Mascelli MA. Discovery and mechanism of ustekinumab: a human monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-12 and interleukin-23 for treatment of immune-mediated disorders. MAbs 2011; 3:535-45. [PMID: 22123062 PMCID: PMC3242840 DOI: 10.4161/mabs.3.6.17815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy was first established upon the approval of a mouse antibody for treatment of human acute organ rejection. However, the high incidence of immune response against the mouse mAb restricted therapeutic utility. Development of chimeric, "humanized" and human mAbs broadened therapeutic application to immune-mediated diseases requiring long-term treatment. Indeed, mAb therapeutics targeting soluble cytokines are highly effective in numerous immune-mediated disorders. A recent example is ustekinumab, a first-in-class therapeutic human immunoglobulin G1 kappa mAb that binds to the interleukins (IL)-12 and IL-23, cytokines that modulate lymphocyte function, including T-helper (Th) 1 and Th17 cell subsets. Ustekinumab was generated via recombinant human IL-12 immunization of human immunoglobulin (hu-Ig) transgenic mice. Ustekinumab binds to the p40 subunit common to IL-12 and IL-23 and prevents their interaction with the IL-12 receptor β1 subunit of the IL-12 and IL-23 receptor complexes. Ustekinumab is approved for treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis and has demonstrated efficacy in Crohn disease and psoriatic arthritis. The clinical characterization of ustekinumab continues to clarify our understanding of human immune pathologies and may offer a novel therapeutic option for certain immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline M Benson
- Centocor Research & Development, a division of Johnson and Johnson Pharmaceutical Research & Development, LLC, Malvern, PA, USA.
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Boekel J, Källskog O, Rydén-Aulin M, Rhen M, Richter-Dahlfors A. Comparative tissue transcriptomics reveal prompt inter-organ communication in response to local bacterial kidney infection. BMC Genomics 2011; 12:123. [PMID: 21338499 PMCID: PMC3047304 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-12-123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mucosal infections elicit inflammatory responses via regulated signaling pathways. Infection outcome depends strongly on early events occurring immediately when bacteria start interacting with cells in the mucosal membrane. Hitherto reported transcription profiles on host-pathogen interactions are strongly biased towards in vitro studies. To detail the local in vivo genetic response to infection, we here profiled host gene expression in a recent experimental model that assures high spatial and temporal control of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) infection within the kidney of a live rat. Results Transcriptional profiling of tissue biopsies from UPEC-infected kidney tissue revealed 59 differentially expressed genes 8 h post-infection. Their relevance for the infection process was supported by a Gene Ontology (GO) analysis. Early differential expression at 3 h and 5 h post-infection was of low statistical significance, which correlated to the low degree of infection. Comparative transcriptomics analysis of the 8 h data set and online available studies of early local infection and inflammation defined a core of 80 genes constituting a "General tissue response to early local bacterial infections". Among these, 25% were annotated as interferon-γ (IFN-γ) regulated. Subsequent experimental analyses confirmed a systemic increase of IFN-γ in rats with an ongoing local kidney infection, correlating to splenic, rather than renal Ifng induction and suggested this inter-organ communication to be mediated by interleukin (IL)-23. The use of comparative transcriptomics allowed expansion of the statistical data handling, whereby relevant data could also be extracted from the 5 h data set. Out of the 31 differentially expressed core genes, some represented specific 5 h responses, illustrating the value of comparative transcriptomics when studying the dynamic nature of gene regulation in response to infections. Conclusion Our hypothesis-free approach identified components of infection-associated multi-cellular tissue responses and demonstrated how a comparative analysis allows retrieval of relevant information from lower-quality data sets. The data further define marked representation of IFN-γ responsive genes and a prompt inter-organ communication as a hallmark of an early local tissue response to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorrit Boekel
- Swedish Medical Nanoscience Center, Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Retzius väg 8,Stockholm, Sweden
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Homeostatic defects in interleukin 18-deficient mice contribute to protection against the lethal effects of endotoxin. Immunol Cell Biol 2011; 89:739-46. [PMID: 21263463 DOI: 10.1038/icb.2010.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptor-4-lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated inflammation is used to delineate signals involved in cross-talk between antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and lymphocytes such as natural killer (NK) cells. Following APC stimulation and cytokine release, NK cells produce interferon (IFN)-γ. High levels of LPS induce endotoxicosis, a systemic inflammatory disease in which IFN-γ causes significant morbidity and mortality. Several studies have highlighted the role of interleukin (IL)-18, IL-1β, IL-17A and IFN-γ in the development of endotoxicosis, but whether these cytokines interact with each other is yet to be determined. Our data demonstrate that IL-18 and IL-17A have important roles in NK cell IFN-γ production during endotoxicosis. Importantly, we provide the first evidence that IL-18 also has a role in IL-17A production by T-cell receptor (TCR)-δ cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that IL-18-deficient mice have a defect in γδ T-cell homeostasis and IL-1β production, both of which can contribute to the development of disease through induction of IL-17A. These results reveal novel requirements for IL-18 in innate immune cell homeostasis and activation, demonstrating that the role of IL-18 in innate immunity occurs at a level other than activation.
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Cao H, Lan Q, Shi Q, Zhou X, Liu G, Liu J, Tang G, Qiu C, Qiu C, Xu J, Fan H, Liu Z. Anti-IL-23 antibody blockade of IL-23/IL-17 pathway attenuates airway obliteration in rat orthotopic tracheal transplantation. Int Immunopharmacol 2010; 11:569-75. [PMID: 21094688 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2010] [Revised: 10/24/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) has been a major obstacle to long-term allograft survival after lung transplantation, and the underlying mechanism is not well understood. As IL-23/IL-17 pathway has been shown to play important roles in airway inflammation, in this study we have investigated the role of IL-23/IL-17 pathway in acute and chronic airway allograft rejection. We used a rat OB model in orthotopic tracheal transplantation, and investigated the effects of anti-IL-23 blockade antibody on acute and chronic airway allograft rejection. Anti-IL-23 antibody impaired the function of IL-23 in inducing IL-17 production. The rats that received allografts and treated with anti-IL-23 antibody showed significantly less symptom of airway obliteration and chronic transplant rejection compared with control rats which received physiological saline or IgG antibody. Taken together, our results suggest that anti-IL-23 antibody is effective in protecting allograft rejection and the development of chronic OB in allo-tracheal transplantation. These findings may have implications for new therapies to prevent OB and allograft rejection in human lung transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Cao
- Dept of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200120, China
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van de Wetering D, de Paus RA, van Dissel JT, van de Vosse E. Salmonella induced IL-23 and IL-1beta allow for IL-12 production by monocytes and Mphi1 through induction of IFN-gamma in CD56 NK/NK-like T cells. PLoS One 2009; 4:e8396. [PMID: 20027291 PMCID: PMC2791865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2009] [Accepted: 11/23/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The type-1 cytokine pathway plays a pivotal role in immunity against intracellular bacterial pathogens such as Salmonellae and Mycobacteria. Bacterial stimulation of pattern recognition receptors on monocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells initiates this pathway, and results in the production of cytokines that activate lymphocytes to produce interferon (IFN)-γ. Interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-23 are thought to be the key cytokines required for initiating a type-1 cytokine immune response to Mycobacteria and Salmonellae. The relative contribution of IL-23 and IL-12 to this process is uncertain. Methodology/Principal Findings We show that various TLR agonists induce the production of IL-23 but not IL-12 in freshly isolated human monocytes and cultured human macrophages. In addition, type 1 pro-inflammatory macrophages (Mϕ1) differentiated in the presence of GM-CSF and infected with live Salmonella produce IL-23, IL-1β and IL-18, but not IL-12. Supernatants of Salmonella-infected Mϕ1 contained more IL-18 and IL-1β as compared with supernatants of Mϕ1 stimulated with isolated TLR agonists, and induced IFN-γ production in human CD56+ cells in an IL-23 and IL-1β-dependent but IL-12-independent manner. In addition, IL-23 together with IL-18 or IL-1β led to the production of GM-CSF in CD56+ cells. Both IFN-γ and GM-CSF enhanced IL-23 production by monocytes in response to TLR agonists, as well as induced IL-12 production. Conclusions/Significance The findings implicate a positive feedback loop in which IL-23 can enhance its release via induction of IFN-γ and GM-CSF. The IL-23 induced cytokines allow for the subsequent production of IL-12 and amplify the IFN-γ production in the type-1 cytokine pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roelof A. de Paus
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap T. van Dissel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Esther van de Vosse
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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Balsamo M, Scordamaglia F, Pietra G, Manzini C, Cantoni C, Boitano M, Queirolo P, Vermi W, Facchetti F, Moretta A, Moretta L, Mingari MC, Vitale M. Melanoma-associated fibroblasts modulate NK cell phenotype and antitumor cytotoxicity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2009; 106:20847-52. [PMID: 19934056 PMCID: PMC2791633 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0906481106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the role of the tumor microenvironment in the process of cancer progression has been extensively investigated, the contribution of different stromal components to tumor growth and/or evasion from immune surveillance is still only partially defined. In this study we analyzed fibroblasts derived from metastatic melanomas and provide evidence for their strong immunosuppressive activity. In coculture experiments, melanoma-derived fibroblasts sharply interfered with NK cell functions including cytotoxicity and cytokine production. Thus, both the IL-2-induced up-regulation of the surface expression of NKp44, NKp30, and DNAM-1 triggering receptors and the acquisition of cytolytic granules were inhibited in NK cells. This resulted in an impairment of the NK cell-mediated killing of melanoma target cells. Transwell cocultures and the use of specific inhibitors suggested that cell-to-cell contact was required for inducing DNAM-1 modulation. In contrast, modulation of NKp44 and NKp30 was due to PGE(2) released by fibroblasts during coculture. Normal skin fibroblasts could also partially affect NK cell phenotype and function. However, the inhibitory effect of tumor-derived fibroblasts was far stronger and directly correlated with their ability to produce PGE(2) either constitutively or upon induction by NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirna Balsamo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Francesca Scordamaglia
- Clinica Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio e Allergologia, Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, Università di Genova, 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriella Pietra
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Manzini
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Claudia Cantoni
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica 16132 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini 16147 Genova Italy
| | - Monica Boitano
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST) 16132 Genova, Italy; and
| | - Paola Queirolo
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST) 16132 Genova, Italy; and
| | - William Vermi
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fabio Facchetti
- Servizio di Anatomia Patologica, Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandro Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica 16132 Genova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Moretta
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica 16132 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Giannina Gaslini 16147 Genova Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Mingari
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale (DIMES), Università di Genova, 16132 Genova and Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica 16132 Genova, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST) 16132 Genova, Italy; and
| | - Massimo Vitale
- Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro (IST) 16132 Genova, Italy; and
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Genetic deficiencies of innate immune signalling in human infectious disease. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2009; 9:688-98. [PMID: 19850227 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(09)70255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The type-1 cytokine (interleukin 12, interleukin 23, interferon gamma, interleukin 17) signalling pathway is triggered during infection by activation of phagocyte-expressed pattern-recognition receptors that recognise specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns. Triggering of this pathway results, among other things, in activation of microbicidal mechanisms in phagocytic cells. Individuals with a deficiency in one of the proteins in the pathway are unusually susceptible to otherwise poorly pathogenic, mostly environmental, mycobacteria and salmonellae. Individuals with deficiencies in other innate immune signalling proteins show unusual susceptibility to pathogens other than mycobacteria or salmonellae. We discuss recent insights into key molecules involved in type-1 cytokine signalling pathways and provide an update on the molecular genetic defects underlying mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease. We also discuss deficiencies in the innate immune signalling proteins that lead to susceptibility to other pathogens. Knowledge of innate immune signalling has allowed the identification of defects in such patients. However, some patients have enhanced susceptibility to pathogens even though no mutations have been found in the candidate genes identified thus far. Whereas a few patients might have autoantibodies against type-1 cytokines, others might harbour mutations in new genes and pathways that still need to be identified.
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Li W, Janowicz DM, Fortney KR, Katz BP, Spinola SM. Mechanism of human natural killer cell activation by Haemophilus ducreyi. J Infect Dis 2009; 200:590-8. [PMID: 19572804 DOI: 10.1086/600123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of natural killer (NK) cells in the host response to Haemophilus ducreyi infection is unclear. In pustules obtained from infected human volunteers, there was an enrichment of CD56bright NK cells bearing the activation markers CD69 and HLA-DR, compared with peripheral blood. To study the mechanism by which H. ducreyi activated NK cells, we used peripheral blood mononuclear cells from uninfected volunteers. H. ducreyi activated NK cells only in the presence of antigen-presenting cells. H. ducreyi-infected monocytes and monocyte-derived macrophages activated NK cells in a contact- and interleukin-18 (IL-18)-dependent manner, whereas monocyte-derived dendritic cells induced NK activation through soluble IL-12. More lesional NK cells than peripheral blood NK cells produced IFN-gamma in response to IL-12 and IL-18. We conclude that NK cells are recruited to experimental lesions and likely are activated by infected macrophages and dendritic cells. IFN-gamma produced by lesional NK cells may facilitate phagocytosis of H. ducreyi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Li
- Department of Medicine, Center for Immunobiology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202, USA.
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Abstract
Patients with Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease have severe, recurrent life-threatening infections with otherwise poorly pathogenic mycobacteria and salmonellae. The extreme susceptibility is the result of genetic defects in the interleukin-12/interferon-gamma (IL-12/IFN-gamma) pathway. The infections are difficult to treat, and therapeutic options are limited. We explored the feasibility of antisense-mediated exon skipping as therapy for Mendelian susceptibility to mycobacterial disease with cells from a complete IL-12Rbeta1(-/-) patient. Expression constructs were first studied to determine whether IL12RB1 lacking exon 2 encodes a functional protein. The IL-12Rbeta1 expression construct lacking exon 2 was expressed on T cells. On IL-12 or IL-23 stimulation, this construct phosphorylated similar amounts of STAT1, STAT3, and STAT4 and induced similar amounts of IFN-gamma compared with a normal IL-12Rbeta1 construct. Antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) directed at exon 2 resulted in transcripts lacking exon 2 in both controls' and patients' T cells. In IL-12Rbeta1(-/-) cells, skipping of exon 2 led to expression of IL-12Rbeta1 on the cell surface and responsiveness to IL-12. We showed that IL12RB1 lacking exon 2 encodes a functional IL-12Rbeta1. We demonstrated that T cells can be highly efficiently transduced with AONs and are amenable to antisense-mediated exon skipping. Furthermore, we showed that exon skipping (partly) corrects the IL-12Rbeta1 deficiency in patients' cells.
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