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Hermasari BK, Maftuhah A, Nugroho D, Budiastuti VI, Pamungkasari EP. The impact of online interprofessional learning on family health education to prepare collaborative-ready health professionals: A mixed-method study. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2024; 13:12. [PMID: 38532922 PMCID: PMC10965014 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_119_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interprofessional education (IPE) is an experience that occurs when students from two or more professions learn about, from, and with each other to improve the quality of health services. One of the IPE teaching strategies is to use an online approach. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the community needs effective health education to prevent disease transmission. This study aims to assess the attitudinal changes toward IPE among health students in Indonesia after attending an online course during the COVID-19 pandemic. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study used a mixed-method study design with a concurrent approach. It was conducted in 2021 at a health profession education school of a University in Indonesia. An online project-based interprofessional learning in family health education was conducted. The quantitative analysis was carried out using pre- and post-tests with The Readiness for Interprofessional Learning Scale (RIPLS) survey. Meanwhile, the qualitative methods used the phenomenological approach to Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and student reflective essays. The qualitative data were coded using thematic content analysis. The paired samples t-test was used if the data were normally distributed, or the Wilcoxon test if the data had abnormal distribution. RESULTS The students' attitudes regarding team and collaboration; professional identity; roles and responsibility improved significantly from pre- to post-test (<0.001). The participants perceived that all four interprofessional core competencies were achieved in their learning. They also mentioned their experiences regarding factors contributing to the success of the online course. The family health education project gave the participants more insight into professionalism and patient-centered care. CONCLUSIONS Online IPE courses can increase student readiness in collaborative practice and support students' learning to achieve interprofessional core competencies. The students feel the benefit of family health education for their profession.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulan K. Hermasari
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Atik Maftuhah
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Dian Nugroho
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Veronika I. Budiastuti
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eti P. Pamungkasari
- Department of Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
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Chen J, Pan L, Lu Y, Zhang T, Xu D, Yan S, Ouyang Z. Evolution of global scientific collaboration in mRNA vaccine research: Insights from bibliometric and social network analysis (2010~2023). Hum Vaccin Immunother 2023; 19:2276624. [PMID: 37964602 PMCID: PMC10653775 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2276624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The field of mRNA vaccines has witnessed rapid development in recent years, leading to significant changes in global scientific collaboration. In this study, a bibliometric and social network analysis was conducted to reveal the evolution of global scientific collaboration in mRNA vaccine research. Altogether 6974 articles published since 2010 were retrieved and categorized into Period 1 (2010-2019), Period 2 (2020-2021) and Period 3 (2022-2023). During Period 2 and 3, there was a significant rise in the proportion of publications involving domestic inter-institutional cooperation (42.0%, 54.0% and 59.1%, respectively in Period 1, 2, and 3), while a significant decrease in international cooperation (32.1%, 23.7% and 21.0%). More countries participated in international collaboration during Period 2 and 3, with the US, the UK and Germany remaining top three throughout all periods, while some other countries like Italy, Japan, and China experiencing significant shifts. Significant correlations between collaboration type and publication impact and between geographical distance and collaborative publication counts were detected. Furthermore, significant changes in research focuses and institutions that are major contributors in the mRNA vaccine development have been observed. In conclusion, the mRNA vaccine field has experienced rapid development over the past decade, with significant evolutions of global scientific collaboration detected in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Chen
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Lizi Pan
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Lu
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dongzi Xu
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Yan
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaolian Ouyang
- Institute of Medical Information/Medical Library, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Pancheshnikov A, Cuneo CN, Matias WR, Cázares-Adame R, Santos López AG, Paxton RM, Chen CCG. Case studies in adaptation: centring equity in global health education during the COVID-19 pandemic and beyond. BMJ Glob Health 2023; 8:bmjgh-2023-011682. [PMID: 37085270 PMCID: PMC10123849 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-011682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted all aspects of life globally and laid bare the pervasive inequities in access to education, employment, healthcare and economic security in both high-resource and low-resource settings. The global health field's brittle attempts of addressing global health inequities, through efforts that in some cases have evoked the colonialist forces implicated in shaping these disparities, have been further challenged by the pandemic. COVID-19 has forced global health leaders to reimagine their field through innovation such as shifting the application of global health to a local focus, collaborating with community organisations and exploring virtual education technologies. We present four case studies illustrating this promising movement towards a more sustainable, ethical and equitable model of global health education practice.Case 1: trainees from the Massachusetts General Hospital Center for Global Health partnered with the Board of Health of Holyoke, a majority Latinx city with high poverty levels, to respond to the COVID-19 pandemic through research and intervention. Case 2: Prevencasa, a community health organisation in Tijuana, Mexico, providing healthcare to local underserved communities, shifted its focus from hosting international trainees to developing a multidisciplinary training programme for Mexican healthcare professionals. Case 3: the Johns Hopkins Global Health Leadership Program adapted its curriculum into a hybrid online and in-person migrant health and human rights elective, collaborating with local organisations. Case 4: a US-based and a Latin American-based organisation collaborated to create a longitudinal, virtual urogynaecology training programme with hybrid simulation practice to increase accessibility of procedural-based training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pancheshnikov
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- UGHI: Urogynecology Global Health Initiative, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - C Nicholas Cuneo
- Department of Pediatrics and Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Migrant Health and Human Rights Program, Center for Public Health and Human Rights, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wilfredo R Matias
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Center for Global Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Abner Gamaliel Santos López
- Division of Urogynecology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Hospital Centro Médico de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala
- Scientific Committee, ALAPP (Latin American Association of Pelvic Floor), Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Ryan M Paxton
- Health Inspector, Holyoke Board of Health, Holyoke, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chi Chiung Grace Chen
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Global Health Leadership Program, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Pushpalata Zanwar P, Perianayagam A, Zazdravnykh E, Omar Z, Vinod Joseph KJ, Santos FH, Negm AM, Reistetter TA, Heyn PC, Kelekar U. Examining the Impacts of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Mitigation Policies on Health Outcomes of Older Adults: Lessons Learned From Six High-Income or Middle-Income Countries. THE PUBLIC POLICY AND AGING REPORT 2022; 32:121-130. [PMID: 36349280 PMCID: PMC9619694 DOI: 10.1093/ppar/prac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Pushpalata Zanwar
- Address correspondence to: Preeti Zanwar, PhD, MPH, MS, Jefferson College of Population Health, Thomas Jefferson University, 901 Walnut Street, 10th Floor, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19107, USA.
| | - Arokiasamy Perianayagam
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India,National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), Delhi, India
| | - Evguenii Zazdravnykh
- Department of Management, International Centre of Health Economics, Policy, and Management, HSE University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zaliha Omar
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan,Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - K J Vinod Joseph
- Department of Public Health and Mortality Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Flavia H Santos
- Centre for Disability Studies, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ahmed M Negm
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada,School of Rehabilitation Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Timothy A Reistetter
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Health Professions, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Patricia C Heyn
- Marymount Center for Optimal Aging, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
| | - Uma Kelekar
- Marymount Center for Optimal Aging, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA,School of Business, Innovation, Leadership and Technology, Marymount University, Arlington, Virginia, USA
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Borghi J, Ismail S, Hollway J, Kim RE, Sturmberg J, Brown G, Mechler R, Volmink H, Spicer N, Chalabi Z, Cassidy R, Johnson J, Foss A, Koduah A, Searle C, Komendantova N, Semwanga A, Moon S. Viewing the global health system as a complex adaptive system - implications for research and practice. F1000Res 2022; 11:1147. [PMID: 37600221 PMCID: PMC10432894 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.126201.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The global health system (GHS) is ill-equipped to deal with the increasing number of transnational challenges. The GHS needs reform to enhance global resilience to future risks to health. In this article we argue that the starting point for any reform must be conceptualizing and studying the GHS as a complex adaptive system (CAS) with a large and escalating number of interconnected global health actors that learn and adapt their behaviours in response to each other and changes in their environment. The GHS can be viewed as a multi-scalar, nested health system comprising all national health systems together with the global health architecture, in which behaviours are influenced by cross-scale interactions. However, current methods cannot adequately capture the dynamism or complexity of the GHS or quantify the effects of challenges or potential reform options. We provide an overview of a selection of systems thinking and complexity science methods available to researchers and highlight the numerous policy insights their application could yield. We also discuss the challenges for researchers of applying these methods and for policy makers of digesting and acting upon them. We encourage application of a CAS approach to GHS research and policy making to help bolster resilience to future risks that transcend national boundaries and system scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Borghi
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Sharif Ismail
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - James Hollway
- Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rakhyun E. Kim
- Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Sturmberg
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - Garrett Brown
- School of Politics and International Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Reinhard Mechler
- International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenberg, Austria
| | - Heinrich Volmink
- Division of Health Systems and Public Health, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Neil Spicer
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Zaid Chalabi
- Institute for Environmental Design and Engineering, University College London., London, UK
| | - Rachel Cassidy
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Jeff Johnson
- Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK
| | - Anna Foss
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - Augustina Koduah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Christa Searle
- Edinburgh Business School, Heriot Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Agnes Semwanga
- Health Informatics Research Group, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Suerie Moon
- Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies, Geneva, Switzerland
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Greater Emotional Distress Due to Social Distancing and Greater Symptom Severity during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder: A Multicenter Study in Austria, Germany, and Denmark. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137626. [PMID: 35805284 PMCID: PMC9265390 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Throughout the COVID-19 pandemic, mental health of individuals with bipolar disorders (BD) is potentially more vulnerable, especially regarding COVID-19-related regulations and associated symptomatic changes. A multicentric online study was conducted in Austria, Germany, and Denmark during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, data from 494 participants were collected (203 individuals with BD, 291 healthy controls (HC)). Participants filled out questionnaires surveying emotional distress due to social distancing, fear of COVID-19, and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 to assess symptom severity at four points of measurement between 2020 and 2021. General linear mixed models were calculated to determine the difference between the groups in these pandemic specific factors. Individuals with BD reported higher distress due to social distancing than HC, independently of measurement times. Fear of COVID-19 did not differ between groups; however, it was elevated in times of higher infection and mortality due to COVID-19. Individuals with BD reported higher psychiatric symptom severity than HC; however, symptom severity decreased throughout the measured time in the pandemic. Overall, individuals with BD experienced more distress due to the COVID-19 situation than HC. A supportive mental health system is thus recommended to ensure enhanced care, especially in times of strict COVID-19-related regulations.
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Borghi J, Brown GW. Taking Systems Thinking to the Global Level: Using the WHO Building Blocks to Describe and Appraise the Global Health System in Relation to COVID-19. GLOBAL POLICY 2022; 13:193-207. [PMID: 35601655 PMCID: PMC9111126 DOI: 10.1111/1758-5899.13081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Adequately preparing for and containing global shocks, such as COVID-19, is a key challenge facing health systems globally. COVID-19 highlights that health systems are multilevel systems, a continuum from local to global. Goals and monitoring indicators have been key to strengthening national health systems but are missing at the supranational level. A framework to strengthen the global system-the global health actors and the governance, finance, and delivery arrangements within which they operate-is urgently needed. In this article, we illustrate how the World Health Organization Building Blocks framework, which has been used to monitor the performance of national health systems, can be applied to describe and appraise the global health system and its response to COVID-19, and identify potential reforms. Key weaknesses in the global response included: fragmented and voluntary financing; non-transparent pricing of medicines and supplies, poor quality standards, and inequities in procurement and distribution; and weak leadership and governance. We also identify positive achievements and identify potential reforms of the global health system for greater resilience to future shocks. We discuss the limitations of the Building Blocks framework and future research directions and reflect on political economy challenges to reform.
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Alipour J, Hayavi-Haghighi MH. Opportunities and Challenges of Telehealth in Disease Management during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review. Appl Clin Inform 2021; 12:864-876. [PMID: 34528234 PMCID: PMC8443403 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is an unexpected universal problem that has changed health care access across the world. Telehealth is an effective solution for health care delivery during disasters and public health emergencies. This study was conducted to summarize the opportunities and challenges of using telehealth in health care delivery during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS A structured search was performed in the Web of Science, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine, for studies published until November 4, 2020. The reviewers analyzed 112 studies and identified opportunities and challenges. This review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) protocols. Quality appraisal was done according to the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) version 2018. Thematic analysis was applied for data analysis. RESULTS A total of 112 unique opportunities of telehealth application during the pandemic were categorized into 4 key themes, such as (1) clinical, (2) organizational, (3) technical, and (4) social, which were further divided into 11 initial themes and 26 unique concepts. Furthermore, 106 unique challenges were categorized into 6 key themes, such as (1) legal, (2) clinical, (3) organizational, (40 technical, (5) socioeconomic, and (6) data quality, which were divided into 16 initial themes and 37 unique concepts altogether. The clinical opportunities and legal challenges were the most frequent opportunities and challenges, respectively. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic significantly accelerated the use of telehealth. This study could offer useful information to policymakers about the opportunities and challenges of implementing telehealth for providing accessible, safe, and efficient health care delivery to the patient population during and after COVID-19. Furthermore, it can assist policymakers to make informed decisions on implementing telehealth in response to the COVID-19 pandemic by addressing the obstacles ahead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jahanpour Alipour
- Health Information Management, Health Information Technology Department, Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Hayavi-Haghighi
- Department of Health Information Technology, Faculty of Para-Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
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Lyon V, LeRouge C, Fruhling A, Thompson M. Home testing for COVID-19 and other virus outbreaks: The complex system of translating to communities. Health Syst (Basingstoke) 2021; 10:298-317. [PMID: 34745591 PMCID: PMC8567871 DOI: 10.1080/20476965.2021.1952905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Home testing is an emerging innovation that can enable nations and health care systems to safely and efficiently test large numbers of patients to manage COVID-19 and other viral outbreaks. In this position paper, we explore the process of moving home testing across the translational continuum from labs to households, and ultimately into practice and communities for optimal public health impact. We focus on the four translational science drivers to accelerate the implementation of systems-wide home testing programmes 1) collaboration and team science, 2) technology, 3) multilevel interventions, and 4) knowledge integration. We use the Socio Ecological Model (SEM) as a framework to illustrate our vision for the ideal future state of a comprehensive system of stakeholders utilising tech-enabled home testing for COVID-19 and other virus outbreaks, and we suggest SEM as a tool to address key translational readiness and response questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lyon
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Innovation Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Cynthia LeRouge
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Innovation Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
- Department of Information Systems & Business Analytics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ann Fruhling
- School of Interdisciplinary Informatics, University of Nebraska, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Matthew Thompson
- Department of Family Medicine, Primary Care Innovation Lab, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Janse M, Brouwers T, Claassen E, Hermans P, van de Burgwal L. Barriers Influencing Vaccine Development Timelines, Identification, Causal Analysis, and Prioritization of Key Barriers by KOLs in General and Covid-19 Vaccine R&D. Front Public Health 2021; 9:612541. [PMID: 33959579 PMCID: PMC8096063 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.612541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A frequently mentioned factor holding back the introduction of new vaccines on the market are their prohibitively long development timelines. These hamper their potential societal benefit and impairs the ability to quickly respond to emerging new pathogens. This is especially worrisome since new pathogens are emerging at all-time high rates of over one per year, and many age-old pathogens are still not vaccine preventable.Through interviews with 20 key-opinion-leaders (KOLs), this study identified innovation barriers that increase vaccine development timelines. These innovation barriers were visualized, and their underlying causes revealed by means of qualitative root cause analysis. Based on a survey the innovation barriers were quantitatively ranked based on their relative impact on both regular, and Covid-19 vaccine development timelines. KOLs identified 20 key innovation barriers, and mapping these barriers onto the Vaccine Innovation Cycle model revealed that all phases of vaccine development were affected. Affected by most barriers is the area between the preclinical studies and the market entry. Difficult hand-off between academia and industry, lack of funding, and lack of knowledge of pathogen targets were often mentioned as causes. Quantitative survey responses from 93 KOLs showed that general vaccine development and Covid-19 vaccine development are impacted by distinct sets of innovation barriers. For the general vaccine development three barriers were perceived of the highest impact; limited ROI for vaccines addressing disease with limited market size, limited ROI for vaccines compared to non-vaccine projects, and academia not being able to progress beyond proof of principle. Of highest impact on Covid-19 vaccine development, are lack of knowledge concerning pathogen target, high risk of upscaling unlicensed vaccines, and proof of principle not meeting late-stage requirements. In conclusion, the current study demonstrates that barriers hampering timelines in vaccine development are present across the Vaccine Innovation Cycle. Prioritizing the impact of barriers in general, and in Covid-19 vaccine development, shows clear differences that can be used to inform policies to speed up development in both war and peace time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marga Janse
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas Brouwers
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric Claassen
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter Hermans
- Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Centre Utrecht (UMCU), Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Linda van de Burgwal
- Athena Institute, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Dias RR, Santiago JAD, Madrini V, Mady C, Jatene FB. Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic in a Brazilian High-Volume Aortic Center. Braz J Cardiovasc Surg 2021; 36:145-149. [PMID: 34048201 PMCID: PMC8163262 DOI: 10.21470/1678-9741-2020-0567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic brought an unprecedented lack of control of what was to come. The intent of this document is to provide a balance of how much was ceased to be done for patients with aortic disease, to assess the mortality of these patients, and to show what happened to those who became COVID-19 positive during their hospitalization. Methods From April 1st to July 31st 2020, the worst period of the pandemic in São Paulo, Brazil, the Institute’s aortic surgical patients operated on were evaluated and those were compared with patients operated during the same period in 2019. Results In 2019, 88 surgeries were performed; most of them were elective (66 [75%]), 10 were urgent, and 12 were emergency surgeries. In 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, we operated on only 31 patients, being 74.2% non-elective surgeries (P<0,001). There was a higher mortality for patients operated on during the pandemic surge of COVID-19 (P<0,001), but it was not specifically related to infected patients. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on surgical volume and outcome of patients with aortic disease, although it did not directly increase mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo R Dias
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Augusto Duncan Santiago
- Department of Cardiomyopathies and Aortic Diseases, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vagner Madrini
- Department of Cardiomyopathies and Aortic Diseases, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Mady
- Department of Cardiomyopathies and Aortic Diseases, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio B Jatene
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Instituto do Coração (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
With an over 80 million population, Iran is the second-largest country in the Middle East. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread over all 31 provinces of Iran, leading to the most cases and death among the Eastern Mediterranean countries. At the same time, Iran is under the United States political and economic sanctions that compromised Iran's health system. Although medicines and basic medical equipment exempted from the economic sanctions, direct and indirect effects of sanctions have restricted Iran's banking system, and consequently has led to a wide range of limitation on trade, manufacturing sector, insurance and ventures. All these circumstances have meant that Iran is restricted to provide the essential basic medical equipment for diagnosis, treatment and prevention of the COVID-19. Although sanctions are not the sole reason for this high rate of mortality and morbidity in a short time period, the chronic and long-term effects of sanctions may be more tangible than their acute impact. In conclusion, providing health services is one of the major problems of Iran's health system during this pandemic that potentially influence on morbidity and mortality of the COVID-19. Iran needs to be free from sanctions for battling against this crisis.Key messagesIran is one of the countries that significantly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic.Iran is under political and economic sanctions that consequently influence on their health system during the COVID-19 crisis.The chronic and long-term effects of sanctions may be more tangible than their acute impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Abdoli
- Zoonoses Research Center, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
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