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Ahuatzin-Flores OE, Torres E, Chávez-Bravo E. Acinetobacter baumannii, a Multidrug-Resistant Opportunistic Pathogen in New Habitats: A Systematic Review. Microorganisms 2024; 12:644. [PMID: 38674589 PMCID: PMC11051781 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, humanity has begun to face a growing challenge posed by a rise in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This has resulted in an alarming surge in fatalities and the emergence of increasingly hard-to-manage diseases. Acinetobacter baumannii can be seen as one of these resilient pathogens due to its increasing prevalence in hospitals, its resistance to treatment, and its association with elevated mortality rates. Despite its clinical significance, the scientific understanding of this pathogen in non-hospital settings remains limited. Knowledge of its virulence factors is also lacking. Therefore, in this review, we seek to shed light on the latest research regarding the ecological niches, microbiological traits, and antibiotic resistance profiles of Acinetobacter baumannii. Recent studies have revealed the presence of this bacterium in a growing range of environmental niches, including rivers, treatment plants, and soils. It has also been discovered in diverse food sources such as meat and vegetables, as well as in farm animals and household pets such as dogs and cats. This broader presence of Acinetobacter baumannii, i.e., outside of hospital environments, indicates a significant risk of environmental contamination. As a result, greater levels of awareness and new preventive measures should be promoted to address this potential threat to public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar E. Ahuatzin-Flores
- Posgrado en Ciencias Ambientales, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Edificio IC 6. Ciudad Universitaria, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Eduardo Torres
- Centro de Química, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico;
| | - Edith Chávez-Bravo
- Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Microbiológicas, Instituto de Ciencias, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico
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Abejew AA, Wubetu GY, Fenta TG. Relationship between Antibiotic Consumption and Resistance: A Systematic Review. THE CANADIAN JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES & MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY = JOURNAL CANADIEN DES MALADIES INFECTIEUSES ET DE LA MICROBIOLOGIE MEDICALE 2024; 2024:9958678. [PMID: 38476862 PMCID: PMC10932619 DOI: 10.1155/2024/9958678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Background Unreserved use of antibiotics exerted selective pressure on susceptible bacteria, resulting in the survival of resistant strains. Despite this, the relationship between antibiotic resistance (ABR) and antibiotic consumption (ABC) is rarely studied. This systematic review aims to review the relationship between ABC and ABR from 2016 to 2022. Methods Articles published over 7 years (2016-2022) were searched from December 23 to 31, 2022. The search strategy was developed by using keywords for ABC and ABR. From 3367 articles, 58 eligible articles were included in the final review. Results The pooled ABC was 948017.9 DPDs and 4108.6 DIDs where over 70% of antibiotics were from the Watch and Reserve category based on the WHO AWaRe classification. The average pooled prevalence of ABR was 38.4%. Enterococcus faecium (59.4%), A. baumannii (52.6%), and P. aeruginosa (48.6%) were the most common antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Cephalosporins (76.8%), penicillin (58.3%), and aminoglycosides (52%) were commonly involved antibiotics in ABR. The positive correlation between ABR and consumption accounted for 311 (81%). The correlation between ABR P. aeruginosa and ABC accounted for 87 (22.7%), followed by 78 (20.3%) and 77 (20.1%) for ABR E. coli and K. pneumoniae with ABCs, respectively. Consumption of carbapenems and fluoroquinolones was most commonly correlated with resistance rates of P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, E. coli, and A. baumannii. Conclusion There is a positive correlation between ABC and the rate of ABR. The review also revealed a cross-resistance between the consumption of different antibiotics and ABR. Optimizing antibiotic therapy and reducing unnecessary ABC will prevent the emergence and spread of ABR. Thus, advocating the implementation of stewardship programs plays a pivotal role in containing ABR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asrat Agalu Abejew
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | | | - Teferi Gedif Fenta
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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Aldeyab MA, Bond SE, Gould I, Lee-Milner J, Spencer-Jones JJ, Guleri A, Sadeq A, Jirjees F, Lattyak WJ. Identification of antibiotic consumption targets for the management of Clostridioides difficile infection in hospitals- a threshold logistic modelling approach. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:1125-1134. [PMID: 37755320 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2263642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to demonstrate the utility of a threshold logistic approach to identifying thresholds for specific antibiotic use associated with Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in an English teaching hospital. METHODS A combined approach of nonlinear modeling and logistic regression, named threshold logistic, was used to identify thresholds and risk scores in hospital-level antibiotic use associated with hospital-onset, healthcare-associated (HOHA) CDI cases. RESULTS Using a threshold logistic regression approach, an incidence greater than 0.2645 cases/1000 occupied bed-days (OBD; 85th percentile) was determined as the cutoff rate to define a critical (high) incidence rate of HOHA CDI. Fluoroquinolones and piperacillin-tazobactam were found to have thresholds at 84.8 and 54 defined daily doses (DDD)/1000 OBD, respectively. Analysis of data allowed calculating risk scores for HOHA CDI incidence rates exceeding the 85th percentile, i.e. entering critical incidence level. The threshold-logistic model also facilitated performing 'what-if scenarios' on future values of fluoroquinolones and piperacillin-tazobactam use to understand how HOHA CDI incidence rates may be affected. CONCLUSION Using threshold logistic analysis, critical incidence levels and antibiotic use targets to control HOHA CDI were determined. Threshold logistic models can be used to inform and enhance the effective design and implementation of antimicrobial stewardship programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoon A Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Stuart E Bond
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
- Pharmacy Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Ian Gould
- Medical Microbiology Department, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Jade Lee-Milner
- Pharmacy Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | | | - Achyut Guleri
- Infection/Clinical Microbiology, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | - Adel Sadeq
- Program of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, UAE
| | - Feras Jirjees
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE
| | - William J Lattyak
- Statistical Consulting Department, Scientific Computing Associates Corp, River Forest, IL, USA
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Antimicrobial Stewardship Techniques for Critically Ill Patients with Pneumonia. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020295. [PMID: 36830205 PMCID: PMC9952097 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pneumonia is common in the intensive care unit (ICU), infecting 27% of all critically ill patients. Given the high prevalence of this disease state in the ICU, optimizing antimicrobial therapy while minimizing toxicities is of utmost importance. Inappropriate antimicrobial use can increase the risk of antimicrobial resistance, Clostridiodes difficile infection, allergic reaction, and other complications from antimicrobial use (e.g., QTc prolongation, thrombocytopenia). This review article aims to discuss methods to optimize antimicrobial treatment in patients with pneumonia, including the following: procalcitonin use, utilization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nares testing to determine need for vancomycin therapy, utilization of the Biofire® FilmArray® pneumonia polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microbiology reporting techniques.
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Hays JP, Safain KS, Almogbel MS, Habib I, Khan MA. Extended Spectrum- and Carbapenemase-Based β-Lactam Resistance in the Arabian Peninsula-A Descriptive Review of Recent Years. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:1354. [PMID: 36290012 PMCID: PMC9598294 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11101354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global problem that also includes countries of the Arabian Peninsula. Of particular concern, is the continuing development of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in the countries of this region. Additionally, antibiotic treatment options for ESBL-producing bacteria are becoming limited, primarily due to the continuing development of carbapenem resistance (CR), carbapenems being frequently used to treat such infections. An overview of recent publications (2018-2021) indicates the presence of ESBL and/or CR in patients and hospitals in most countries of the Arabian Peninsula, although the delay between microbial isolation and publication inevitably makes an accurate analysis of the current situation rather difficult. However, there appears to be greater emphasis on CR (including combined ESBL and CR) in recent publications. Furthermore, although publications from Saudi Arabia are the most prevalent, this may simply reflect the increased interest in ESBL and CR within the country. Enhanced ESBL/CR surveillance is recommended for all countries in the Arabian Peninsula.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Philip Hays
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre (Erasmus MC), Rotterdam 3015 GD, the Netherlands
| | - Kazi Sarjana Safain
- Department of Microbiological Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | | | - Ihab Habib
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain P.O. Box 1555, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad Khan
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University (UAEU), Al Ain P.O. Box 15551, United Arab Emirates
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Aldeyab MA, Bond SE, Conway BR, Lee-Milner J, Sarma JB, Lattyak WJ. A Threshold Logistic Modelling Approach for Identifying Thresholds between Antibiotic Use and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Incidence Rates in Hospitals. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11091250. [PMID: 36140029 PMCID: PMC9495804 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11091250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to demonstrate the utility of threshold logistic modelling, an innovative approach in identifying thresholds and risk scores in the context of population antibiotic use associated with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) incidence rates in hospitals. The study also aimed to assess the impact of exceeding those thresholds that resulted in increased MRSA rates. The study was undertaken in a 700-bed hospital in England between January 2015 and December 2021 (84 monthly observations). By employing the threshold logistic modelling approach, we: (i) determined the cut-off percentile value of MRSA incidence that defines a critical level of MRSA; (ii) identified thresholds for fluoroquinolone and co-amoxiclav use that would accelerate MRSA incidence rates and increase the probability of reaching critical incidence levels; (iii) enabled a better understanding of the effect of antibiotic use on the probability of reaching a critical level of resistant pathogen incidence; (iv) developed a near real-time performance monitoring feedback system; (v) provided risk scores and alert signals for antibiotic use, with the ability to inform hospital policies, and control MRSA incidence; and (vi) provided recommendations and an example for the management of pathogen incidence in hospitals. Threshold logistic models can help hospitals determine quantitative targets for antibiotic usage and can also inform effective antimicrobial stewardship to control resistance in hospitals. Studies should work toward implementing and evaluating the proposed approach prospectively, with the aim of determining the best counter-measures to mitigate the risk of increased resistant pathogen incidence in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamoon A. Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
- Correspondence:
| | - Stuart E. Bond
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
- Pharmacy Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Jade Lee-Milner
- Pharmacy Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK
| | - Jayanta B. Sarma
- Department of Microbiology, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK
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Identifying Antibiotic Use Targets for the Management of Antibiotic Resistance Using an Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Case: A Threshold Logistic Modeling Approach. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11081116. [PMID: 36009985 PMCID: PMC9405284 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11081116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a logistic modeling concept to improve understanding of the relationship between antibiotic use thresholds and the incidence of resistant pathogens. A combined approach of nonlinear modeling and logistic regression, named threshold logistic, was used to identify thresholds and risk scores in hospital-level antibiotic use associated with hospital-level incidence rates of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli (E. coli). Threshold logistic models identified thresholds for fluoroquinolones (61.1 DDD/1000 occupied bed days (OBD)) and third-generation cephalosporins (9.2 DDD/1000 OBD) to control hospital ESBL-producing E. coli incidence. The 60th percentile of ESBL-producing E. coli was determined as the cutoff for defining high incidence rates. Threshold logistic analysis showed that for every one-unit increase in fluoroquinolones and third-generation cephalosporins above 61.1 and 9.2 DDD/1000 OBD levels, the average odds of the ESBL-producing E. coli incidence rate being ≥60th percentile of historical levels increased by 4.5% and 12%, respectively. Threshold logistic models estimated the risk scores of exceeding the 60th percentile of a historical ESBL-producing E. coli incidence rate. Threshold logistic models can help hospitals in defining critical levels of antibiotic use and resistant pathogen incidence and provide targets for antibiotic consumption and a near real-time performance monitoring feedback system.
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Al-Hashimy ZS, Conway BR, Al-Yaqoobi M, Khamis F, Al Mawali GZ, Al Maashani AM, Al Hadhrami YS, Al Alawi SS, Al Mamari MS, Lattyak WJ, Lattyak EA, Aldiab M, Gould I, López-Lozano JM, Aldeyab MA. Identifying Targets for Antibiotic Use for the Management of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) in Hospitals-A Multi-Centre Nonlinear Time-Series Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:775. [PMID: 35740181 PMCID: PMC9220031 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11060775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Solutions are needed to inform antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) regarding balancing the access to effective antimicrobials with the need to control antimicrobial resistance. Theoretical and mathematical models suggest a non-linear relationship between antibiotic use and resistance, indicating the existence of thresholds of antibiotic use beyond which resistance would be triggered. It is anticipated that thresholds may vary across populations depending on host, environment, and organism factors. Further research is needed to evaluate thresholds in antibiotic use for a specific pathogen across different settings. The objective of this study is to identify thresholds of population antibiotic use associated with the incidence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) across six hospital sites in Oman. The study was an ecological, multi-centre evaluation that involved collecting historical antibiotic use and CRAb incidence over the period from January 2015 to December 2019. By using non-linear time-series analysis, we identified different thresholds in the use of third-generation cephalosporins, piperacillin-tazobactam, aminoglycoside, and fluoroquinolones across participating hospitals. The identification of different thresholds emphasises the need for tailored analysis based on modelling data from each hospital. The determined thresholds can be used to set targets for each hospital AMS, providing a balance between access to these antibiotics versus controlling CRAb incidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainab Said Al-Hashimy
- Directorate of Pharmacy and Medical Stores, Khawlah Hospital, Muscat P.O. Box 90, Oman;
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Mubarak Al-Yaqoobi
- Directorate of Laboratories, Department of Microbiology, Khawlah Hospital, Muscat P.O. Box 90, Oman;
| | - Faryal Khamis
- Adult Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Royal Hospital, Muscat P.O. Box 1331, Oman;
| | | | - Aisha Mahad Al Maashani
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical Store, As Sultan Qaboos Hospital, Salalah P.O. Box 98, Oman;
| | | | - Said Salim Al Alawi
- Department of Pharmacy and Medical Store, Sur Hospital, Sur P.O. Box 966, Oman;
| | | | - William J. Lattyak
- Scientific Computing Associates Corp., River Forest, IL 60305, USA; (W.J.L.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Elizabeth A. Lattyak
- Scientific Computing Associates Corp., River Forest, IL 60305, USA; (W.J.L.); (E.A.L.)
| | - Motasem Aldiab
- Department of Computing, British Columbia Institute of Technology, Vancouver, BC V6B 3H6, Canada;
| | - Ian Gould
- Medical Microbiology Department, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen AB25 2ZN, UK;
| | - José-María López-Lozano
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB-Arrixaca), 30120 Murcia, Spain;
- Research Group on Health Sciences Data Analysis, Universidad de Murcia, 30003 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mamoon A. Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
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Chen S, Li Z, Shi J, Zhou W, Zhang H, Chang H, Cao X, Gu C, Chen G, Kang Y, Chen Y, Wu C. A Nonlinear Time-Series Analysis to Identify the Thresholds in Relationships Between Antimicrobial Consumption and Resistance in a Chinese Tertiary Hospital. Infect Dis Ther 2022; 11:1019-1032. [PMID: 35290657 PMCID: PMC9124282 DOI: 10.1007/s40121-022-00608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Balancing the benefits and risks of antimicrobials in health care requires an understanding of their effects on antimicrobial resistance at the population scale. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between the population antibiotics use and resistance rates and further identify their critical thresholds. Methods Data for monthly consumption of six antibiotics (daily defined doses [DDDs]/1000 inpatient-days) and the number of cases caused by five common drug-resistant bacteria (occupied bed days [OBDs]/10,000 inpatient-days) from inpatients during 2009–2020 were retrieved from the electronic prescription system at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, a tertiary hospital in Jiangsu Province, China. Then, a nonlinear time series analysis method, named generalized additive models (GAM), was applied to analyze the pairwise relationships and thresholds of these antibiotic consumption and resistance. Results The incidence densities of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB), carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP), and aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa were all strongly synchronized with recent hospital use of carbapenems and glycopeptides. Besides, the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli was also highly connected the consumption of carbapenems and fluoroquinolones. To lessen resistance, we determined a threshold for carbapenem and glycopeptide usage, where the maximum consumption should not exceed 31.042 and 25.152 DDDs per 1000 OBDs, respectively; however, the thresholds of fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporin, aminoglycosides, and β-lactams have not been identified. Conclusions The inappropriate usage of carbapenems and glycopeptides was proved to drive the incidence of common drug-resistant bacteria in hospitals. Nonlinear time series analysis provided an efficient and simple way to determine the thresholds of these antibiotics, which could provide population-specific quantitative targets for antibiotic stewardship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixing Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zepeng Li
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiping Shi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanqing Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haixia Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Chang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Weihui, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Cao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Changgui Gu
- Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangmei Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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Al-Taani GM, Al-Azzam S, Karasneh RA, Sadeq AS, Mazrouei NA, Bond SE, Conway BR, Aldeyab MA. Pharmacists’ Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Information Sources on Antibiotic Use and Resistance in Jordan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11020175. [PMID: 35203777 PMCID: PMC8868190 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious healthcare problem that affects public health globally. Appropriate understanding and knowledge of prudent antimicrobial use and resistance, along with providing evidence-based information sources, are needed for informed antibiotic prescribing practices. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, opportunity, motivation, behavior of pharmacists and their information sources regarding antibiotic use and resistance in Jordan. An online cross-sectional questionnaire was developed and administered to pharmacists during the period of July–September 2021. The survey is an adapted version of the validated European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) survey for antibiotic use and resistance. Pharmacists from all sectors (n = 384), of whom 276 (71.9%) were community pharmacists, completed an online questionnaire. While respondents scored highly (>87%) on knowledge on effective use, unnecessary use, and associated side effects of antibiotics, lower scores were recorded for knowledge on the spread of antibiotic resistance (52.9%). Pharmacists support easy access to guidelines on managing infections in 56% of cases, and easy access to materials advising prudent antibiotic use and resistance in 39.8% of cases. One-third of respondents (37.0%) reported no knowledge of any initiatives on antibiotic awareness and resistance. Pharmacists were aware (13.3%), unaware (36.2%), or unsure (50.5%) of the existence of a national antibiotic resistance action plan. Pharmacists indicated an interest in receiving more information on resistance to antibiotics (55.2%), medical conditions for which antibiotics are used (53.1%), how to use antibiotics (45.1%), prescribing of antibiotics (34.4%), and links between the health of humans, animals, and the environment (28.6%). Findings can inform antimicrobial stewardship with required interventions to improve antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaith M. Al-Taani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Reema A. Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Adel Shaban Sadeq
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain 64141, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Nadia Al Mazrouei
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Stuart E. Bond
- Pharmacy Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield WF1 4DG, UK;
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Mamoon A. Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0044-01484-472825
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Public Health Literacy, Knowledge, and Awareness Regarding Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10091107. [PMID: 34572689 PMCID: PMC8472776 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10091107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) organisms pose a global threat to modern medicine, which has grown as a result of irrational antibiotic use and misuse. This study aimed to assess general public knowledge in Jordan and awareness of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance during the COVID-19 pandemic. A cross-sectional study was carried out utilizing the WHO multicountry public awareness survey. The study population was composed mainly of social media users, and a total of 1213 participants completed the online survey. According to the findings, more than half of the participants were well versed in antibiotic use and resistance. Those with adequate health literacy were found to better understand antibiotics (OR = 1.37, p = 0.017) and antibiotic resistance (OR = 1.46, p = 0.003). The vast majority (88.5%) recognized at least one antibiotic resistance term; however, 53.2% believed that antibiotic resistance is a problem in other nations. The participants in this study reported using antibiotics incorrectly, believing that they were treating sore throats, colds, and flu. The participants were well aware of antibiotic resistance solutions and their consequences on health. Age, education, health literacy, and antibiotic knowledge were found to be substantially (p < 0.05) associated with greater awareness of antibiotic resistance. The findings highlight the need for antimicrobial resistance education campaigns, health literacy, and antibiotic stewardship initiatives.
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Karasneh RA, Al-Azzam SI, Ababneh MA, Basheti IA, Al-Azzeh O, Al Sharie S, Conway BR, Aldeyab MA. Exploring Information Available to and Used by Physicians on Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance in Jordan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:963. [PMID: 34439013 PMCID: PMC8389019 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10080963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence based information sources for physicians are needed for informed antibiotic prescribing practices. The aim of this study was to explore physicians' preferred sources of information and evaluate physicians' awareness of available information and initiatives on prudent antibiotic prescribing in Jordan. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing an online questionnaire and included physicians (n = 409) from all sectors and specialties in Jordan. Published guidelines (31.8%), the workplace (25.7%), colleagues or peers (20.0%), group or conference training (18.3%), and the medical professional body (18.1%) were the main sources of information about avoiding unnecessary antibiotic prescribing, with the influence of these sources on changing prescribers' views being 34.7%, 17.1%, 11%, 13.4%, and 7.6%, respectively. One-third of physicians (33.7%) reported no knowledge of any initiatives on antibiotic awareness and resistance. Regarding awareness of national action plans on antimicrobial resistance, 10.5%, 34%, and 55.5% of physicians were aware, unaware, and unsure of the presence of any national action plans, respectively. Physicians showed interest in receiving more information on resistance to antibiotics (58.9%), how to use antibiotics (42.2%), medical conditions for which antibiotics are used (41.3%), prescribing of antibiotics (35.2%), and links between the health of humans, animals, and the environment (19.8%). The findings can inform interventions needed to design effective antimicrobial stewardship, enabling physicians to prescribe antibiotics appropriately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema A. Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Sayer I. Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (S.I.A.-A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mera A. Ababneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (S.I.A.-A.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Iman A. Basheti
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Applied Sciences Private University, Amman 11931, Jordan;
| | - Ola Al-Azzeh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sarah Al Sharie
- Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Mamoon A. Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
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Karasneh RA, Al-Azzam SI, Ababneh M, Al-Azzeh O, Al-Batayneh OB, Muflih SM, Khasawneh M, Khassawneh ARM, Khader YS, Conway BR, Aldeyab MA. Prescribers' Knowledge, Attitudes and Behaviors on Antibiotics, Antibiotic Use and Antibiotic Resistance in Jordan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10070858. [PMID: 34356779 PMCID: PMC8300611 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10070858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
More research is needed on the drivers of irrational antibiotic prescribing among healthcare professionals and to ensure effective prescribing and an adequate understanding of the issue of antibiotic resistance. This study aimed at evaluating prescribers’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing an online questionnaire and included physicians and dentists from all sectors in Jordan. A total of 613 prescribers were included (physicians n = 409, dentists n = 204). Respondents’ knowledge on effective use, unnecessary use or associated side effects of antibiotics was high (>90%), compared with their knowledge on the spread of antibiotic resistance (62.2%). For ease of access to the required guidelines on managing infections, and to materials that advise on prudent antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance, prescribers agreed in 62% and 46.1% of cases, respectively. 28.4% of respondents had prescribed antibiotics when they would have preferred not to do so more than once a day or more than once a week. Among respondents who prescribed antibiotics, 63.4% would never or rarely give out resources on prudent use of antibiotics for infections. The findings are of importance to inform antibiotic stewardships about relevant interventions aimed at changing prescribers’ behaviors and improving antibiotic prescribing practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reema A. Karasneh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Sayer I. Al-Azzam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (S.I.A.-A.); (M.A.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Mera Ababneh
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (S.I.A.-A.); (M.A.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Ola Al-Azzeh
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ola B. Al-Batayneh
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Suhaib M. Muflih
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (S.I.A.-A.); (M.A.); (S.M.M.)
| | - Mohammad Khasawneh
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | | | - Yousef S. Khader
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD13DH, UK;
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD13DH, UK
| | - Mamoon A. Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD13DH, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-01484-472825
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Yusef D, Hayajneh WA, Bani Issa A, Haddad R, Al-Azzam S, Lattyak EA, Lattyak WJ, Gould I, Conway BR, Bond S, Conlon-Bingham G, Aldeyab MA. Impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme on reducing broad-spectrum antibiotic use and its effect on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) in hospitals in Jordan. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:516-523. [PMID: 33219679 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme (ASP) on reducing broad-spectrum antibiotic use and its effect on carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAb) in hospitalized patients. METHODS The study was a retrospective, ecological assessment in a tertiary teaching hospital over 6 years (January 2014 to December 2019). The intervention involved the implementation of an ASP in February 2018, which remains in effect today. This ASP consists of several components, including education, antibiotic guidelines, antibiotic restriction policy with prior approval, audit of compliance to the restriction policy and feedback. Restricted antibiotics were imipenem/cilastatin, ertapenem, meropenem, vancomycin, teicoplanin, tigecycline, colistin, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. The intervention was evaluated by time-series methods. RESULTS Statistically significant decreases in the level of antibiotic use, after the introduction of the ASP, were observed for the following antibiotics: imipenem/cilastatin (P = 0.0008), all carbapenems (P = 0.0001), vancomycin (P = 0.0006), colistin (P = 0.0016) and third-generation cephalosporins (P = 0.0004). A statistically significant decrease in the slope, after the introduction of the ASP, for ertapenem (P = 0.0044) and ciprofloxacin (P = 0.0117) was observed. For piperacillin/tazobactam, there was a significant increasing trend (P = 0.0208) before the introduction of the ASP. However, this increased trend was halted post-introduction of the ASP (P = 0.4574). The introduction of the ASP was associated with a significant impact on reducing the levels of CRAb (P = 0.0237). CONCLUSIONS The introduced antimicrobial stewardship interventions contributed to a reduction in the use of several broad-spectrum antibiotics, reversed the trends of increasing use of other antibiotics and were associated with a significant reduction in CRAb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawood Yusef
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Wail A Hayajneh
- Department of Paediatrics and Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ali Bani Issa
- Infection Control Division, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Rami Haddad
- Information Technology Department, King Abdullah University Hospital, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Sayer Al-Azzam
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | | | | | - Ian Gould
- Medical Microbiology Department, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK
| | - Barbara R Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.,Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Stuart Bond
- Pharmacy Department, Mid Yorkshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Wakefield, UK
| | | | - Mamoon A Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
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Al-Azzam S, Mhaidat NM, Banat HA, Alfaour M, Ahmad DS, Muller A, Al-Nuseirat A, Lattyak EA, Conway BR, Aldeyab MA. An Assessment of the Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Pandemic on National Antimicrobial Consumption in Jordan. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:690. [PMID: 34207567 PMCID: PMC8229725 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has overlapping clinical characteristics with bacterial respiratory tract infection, leading to the prescription of potentially unnecessary antibiotics. This study aimed at measuring changes and patterns of national antimicrobial use for one year preceding and one year during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annual national antimicrobial consumption for 2019 and 2020 was obtained from the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA) following the WHO surveillance methods. The WHO Access, Watch, and Reserve (AWaRe) classification was used. Total antibiotic consumption in 2020 (26.8 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day) decreased by 5.5% compared to 2019 (28.4 DDD per 1000 inhabitants per day). There was an increase in the use of several antibiotics during 2020 compared with 2019 (third generation cephalosporins (19%), carbapenems (52%), macrolides (57%), and lincosamides (106%)). In 2020, there was a marked reduction in amoxicillin use (-53%), while the use of azithromycin increased by 74%. National antimicrobial consumption of the Access group decreased by 18% from 2019 to 2020 (59.1% vs. 48.1% of total consumption). The use of the Watch group increased in 2020 by 26%. The study highlighted an increase in the use of certain antibiotics during the pandemic period that are known to be associated with increasing resistance. Efforts to enhance national antimicrobial stewardship are needed to ensure rational use of antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayer Al-Azzam
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (S.A.-A.); (N.M.M.)
| | - Nizar Mahmoud Mhaidat
- Clinical Pharmacy Department, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan; (S.A.-A.); (N.M.M.)
| | - Hayaa A. Banat
- Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA), Amman 11181, Jordan; (H.A.B.); (M.A.); (D.S.A.)
| | - Mohammad Alfaour
- Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA), Amman 11181, Jordan; (H.A.B.); (M.A.); (D.S.A.)
| | - Dana Samih Ahmad
- Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA), Amman 11181, Jordan; (H.A.B.); (M.A.); (D.S.A.)
| | - Arno Muller
- Antimicrobial Resistance Division, World Health Organization, Avenue Appia 20, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland;
| | - Adi Al-Nuseirat
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean, Cairo 11371, Egypt;
| | | | - Barbara R. Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
- Institute of Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Mamoon A. Aldeyab
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield HD1 3DH, UK;
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