1
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Zhang D, Jiang Y, Dong Y, Fu L, Zhuang L, Wu K, Dou X, Xu B, Wang C, Gong J. siRNA targeting Atp5a1 gene encoding ATPase α, the ligand of Peg fimbriae, reduced Salmonella Enteritidis adhesion. Avian Pathol 2023; 52:412-419. [PMID: 37526573 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2023.2243842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) is a zoonotic pathogen that can infect both humans and animals. Among the 13 types of fimbrial operons in S. Enteritidis, the highly conserved Peg fimbriae play a crucial role in the adhesion and invasion of S. Enteritidis into host cells but are not well studied. In this study, we identified the ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATPase α) as a ligand of Peg fimbriae using ligand blotting and mass spectrometry techniques. We confirmed the in vitro binding of ATPase α to the purified adhesion protein (PegD). Furthermore, we used siRNA to suppress the expression of ATPase α gene Atp5a1 in Leghorn male hepatoma (LMH) cells, which resulted in a significant reduction in the adhesion rate of S. Enteritidis to the cells (P < 0.05). The findings in this study provide insight into the mechanism of S. Enteritidis infection through Peg fimbriae and highlight the importance of ATPase α in the adhesion process.RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS Ligand blotting was performed to screen the ligand of S. Enteritidis Peg fimbriae.Binding assay confirmed that ATPase α is the ligand of the Peg fimbriae.siRNA targeting ATPase α gene (Atp5a1) significantly reduced S. Enteritidis adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongyi Dong
- Jiangsu Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixia Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Linlin Zhuang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Jiangsu Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinhong Dou
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Bu Xu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jiansen Gong
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
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2
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Werneburg GT. Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections: Current Challenges and Future Prospects. Res Rep Urol 2022; 14:109-133. [PMID: 35402319 PMCID: PMC8992741 DOI: 10.2147/rru.s273663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is the most common healthcare-associated infection and cause of secondary bloodstream infections. Despite many advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment, CAUTI remains a severe healthcare burden, and antibiotic resistance rates are alarmingly high. In this review, current CAUTI management paradigms and challenges are discussed, followed by future prospects as they relate to the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. Clinical and translational evidence will be evaluated, as will key basic science studies that underlie preventive and therapeutic approaches. Novel diagnostic strategies and treatment decision aids under development will decrease the time to diagnosis and improve antibiotic accuracy and stewardship. These include several classes of biomarkers often coupled with artificial intelligence algorithms, cell-free DNA, and others. New preventive strategies including catheter coatings and materials, vaccination, and bacterial interference are being developed and investigated. The antibiotic pipeline remains insufficient, and new strategies for the identification of new classes of antibiotics, and rational design of small molecule inhibitor alternatives, are under development for CAUTI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn T Werneburg
- Department of Urology, Glickman Urological and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
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3
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Exploiting pilus-mediated bacteria-host interactions for health benefits. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 81:100998. [PMID: 34294411 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Surface pili (or fimbriae) are an important but conspicuous adaptation of several genera and species of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. These long and non-flagellar multi-subunit adhesins mediate the initial contact that a bacterium has with a host or environment, and thus have come to be regarded as a key colonization factor for virulence activity in pathogens or niche adaptation in commensals. Pili in pathogenic bacteria are well recognized for their roles in the adhesion to host cells, colonization of tissues, and establishment of infection. As an 'anti-adhesive' ploy, targeting pilus-mediated attachment for disruption has become a potentially effective alternative to using antibiotics. In this review, we give a description of the several structurally distinct bacterial pilus types thus far characterized, and as well offer details about the intricacy of their individual structure, assembly, and function. With a molecular understanding of pilus biogenesis and pilus-mediated host interactions also provided, we go on to describe some of the emerging new approaches and compounds that have been recently developed to prevent the adhesion, colonization, and infection of piliated bacterial pathogens.
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4
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Asadpoor M, Varasteh S, Pieters RJ, Folkerts G, Braber S. Differential effects of oligosaccharides on the effectiveness of ampicillin against Escherichia coli in vitro. PHARMANUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phanu.2021.100264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hatton NE, Baumann CG, Fascione MA. Developments in Mannose-Based Treatments for Uropathogenic Escherichia coli-Induced Urinary Tract Infections. Chembiochem 2021; 22:613-629. [PMID: 32876368 PMCID: PMC7894189 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
During their lifetime almost half of women will experience a symptomatic urinary tract infection (UTI) with a further half experiencing a relapse within six months. Currently UTIs are treated with antibiotics, but increasing antibiotic resistance rates highlight the need for new treatments. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is responsible for the majority of symptomatic UTI cases and thus has become a key pathological target. Adhesion of type one pilus subunit FimH at the surface of UPEC strains to mannose-saturated oligosaccharides located on the urothelium is critical to pathogenesis. Since the identification of FimH as a therapeutic target in the late 1980s, a substantial body of research has been generated focusing on the development of FimH-targeting mannose-based anti-adhesion therapies. In this review we will discuss the design of different classes of these mannose-based compounds and their utility and potential as UPEC therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E. Hatton
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington RoadYorkYO10 5DDUK
| | | | - Martin A. Fascione
- York Structural Biology Lab, Department of ChemistryUniversity of YorkHeslington RoadYorkYO10 5DDUK
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6
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Abstract
The chaperone-usher (CU) pathway is a conserved secretion system dedicated to the assembly of a superfamily of virulence-associated surface structures by a wide range of Gram-negative bacteria. Pilus biogenesis by the CU pathway requires two specialized assembly components: a dedicated periplasmic chaperone and an integral outer membrane assembly and secretion platform termed the usher. The CU pathway assembles a variety of surface fibers, ranging from thin, flexible filaments to rigid, rod-like organelles. Pili typically act as adhesins and function as virulence factors that mediate contact with host cells and colonization of host tissues. Pilus-mediated adhesion is critical for early stages of infection, allowing bacteria to establish a foothold within the host. Pili are also involved in modulation of host cell signaling pathways, bacterial invasion into host cells, and biofilm formation. Pili are critical for initiating and sustaining infection and thus represent attractive targets for the development of antivirulence therapeutics. Such therapeutics offer a promising alternative to broad-spectrum antibiotics and provide a means to combat antibiotic resistance and treat infection while preserving the beneficial microbiota. A number of strategies have been taken to develop antipilus therapeutics, including vaccines against pilus proteins, competitive inhibitors of pilus-mediated adhesion, and small molecules that disrupt pilus biogenesis. Here we provide an overview of the function and assembly of CU pili and describe current efforts aimed at interfering with these critical virulence structures.
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7
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Coleman CM, Auker KM, Killday KB, Azadi P, Black I, Ferreira D. Arabinoxyloglucan Oligosaccharides May Contribute to the Antiadhesive Properties of Porcine Urine after Cranberry Consumption. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:589-605. [PMID: 30873836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cranberry ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) juice is traditionally used for the prevention of urinary tract infections. Human urine produced after cranberry juice consumption can prevent Escherichia coli adhesion, but the antiadhesive urinary metabolites responsible have not been conclusively identified. Adult female sows were therefore fed spray-dried cranberry powder (5 g/kg/day), and urine was collected via catheter. Urine fractions were tested for antiadhesion activity using a human red blood cell (A+) anti-hemagglutination assay with uropathogenic P-fimbriated E. coli. Components were isolated from fractions of interest using Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration chromatography followed by HPLC on normal and reversed-phase sorbents with evaporative light scattering detection. Active urine fractions were found to contain a complex series of oligosaccharides but not proanthocyanidins, and a single representative arabinoxyloglucan octasaccharide was isolated in sufficient quantity and purity for full structural characterization by chemical derivatization and NMR spectroscopic methods. Analogous cranberry material contained a similar complex series of arabinoxyloglucan oligosaccharides that exhibited antiadhesion properties in preliminary testing. These results indicate that oligosaccharides structurally related to those found in cranberry may contribute to the antiadhesion properties of urine after cranberry consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Coleman
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Kimberly M Auker
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - K Brian Killday
- Bruker BioSpin Corporation , Billerica , Massachusetts 01821 , United States
| | - Parastoo Azadi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Ian Black
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center , University of Georgia , Athens , Georgia 30602 , United States
| | - Daneel Ferreira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, and the Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy , University of Mississippi , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
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8
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Sowińska M, Laskowska A, Guśpiel A, Solecka J, Bochynska-Czyż M, Lipkowski AW, Trzeciak K, Urbanczyk-Lipkowska Z. Bioinspired Amphiphilic Peptide Dendrimers as Specific and Effective Compounds against Drug Resistant Clinical Isolates of E. coli. Bioconjug Chem 2018; 29:3571-3585. [PMID: 30235928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Evolution-derived natural compounds have been inspirational for design of numerous pharmaceuticals, e.g., penicillins and tetracyclines. Herein, we present a bioinspired strategy to design peptide dendrimers for the effective therapy of E. coli infections where the selection of appropriate amino acids and the mode of their assembly are based on the information gained from research on membranolytic natural antimicrobial peptides (AMP's). On the molecular level two opposite effects were explored: the effect of multiple positive charges necessary for membrane disintegration was equilibrated by the anchoring role of tryptophanes. Indeed, a series of Trp-terminated dendrimers exhibited high potency against clinical isolates of antibiotic resistant ESBL E. coli strains, stability in human plasma along with very low hemo- and genotoxicity. Investigation of the underlying antimicrobial mechanism indicated that the dendrimers studied at minimal inhibitory concentration showed weak permeability toward membranes. Solid-state 2D NMR studies revealed their presence on and inside the model membranes. Therefore, their biological properties might be explained by targeting of extra- or intracellular receptors. Our results point to a new approach to design novel branched antimicrobials with high therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Sowińska
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS , Kasprzaka Str. 44/54 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland
| | - Anna Laskowska
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene , Chocimska Str. 24 , Warsaw 00-791 , Poland
| | - Adam Guśpiel
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene , Chocimska Str. 24 , Warsaw 00-791 , Poland
| | - Jolanta Solecka
- National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene , Chocimska Str. 24 , Warsaw 00-791 , Poland
| | - Marta Bochynska-Czyż
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS , Pawinskiego Str. 5 , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Andrzej W Lipkowski
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre PAS , Pawinskiego Str. 5 , 02-106 Warsaw , Poland
| | - Katarzyna Trzeciak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry PAS , Kasprzaka Str. 44/54 , Warsaw 01-224 , Poland.,Centre of Molecular and Macromolecular Studies PAS , Sienkiewicza 112 , 90-363 Lodz , Poland
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9
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Phenotypic Variation during Biofilm Formation: Implications for Anti-Biofilm Therapeutic Design. MATERIALS 2018; 11:ma11071086. [PMID: 29949876 PMCID: PMC6073711 DOI: 10.3390/ma11071086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Various bacterial species cycle between growth phases and biofilm formation, of which the latter facilitates persistence in inhospitable environments. These phases can be generally characterized by one or more cellular phenotype(s), each with distinct virulence factor functionality. In addition, a variety of phenotypes can often be observed within the phases themselves, which can be dependent on host conditions or the presence of nutrient and oxygen gradients within the biofilm itself (i.e., microenvironments). Currently, most anti-biofilm strategies have targeted a single phenotype; this approach has driven effective, yet incomplete, protection due to the lack of consideration of gene expression dynamics throughout the bacteria’s pathogenesis. As such, this article provides an overview of the distinct phenotypes found within each biofilm development phase and demonstrates the unique anti-biofilm solutions each phase offers. However, we conclude that a combinatorial approach must be taken to provide complete protection against biofilm forming bacterial and their resulting diseases.
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10
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Werneburg GT, Thanassi DG. Pili Assembled by the Chaperone/Usher Pathway in Escherichia coli and Salmonella. EcoSal Plus 2018; 8:10.1128/ecosalplus.ESP-0007-2017. [PMID: 29536829 PMCID: PMC5940347 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0007-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria assemble a variety of surface structures, including the hair-like organelles known as pili or fimbriae. Pili typically function in adhesion and mediate interactions with various surfaces, with other bacteria, and with other types of cells such as host cells. The chaperone/usher (CU) pathway assembles a widespread class of adhesive and virulence-associated pili. Pilus biogenesis by the CU pathway requires a dedicated periplasmic chaperone and integral outer membrane protein termed the usher, which forms a multifunctional assembly and secretion platform. This review addresses the molecular and biochemical aspects of the CU pathway in detail, focusing on the type 1 and P pili expressed by uropathogenic Escherichia coli as model systems. We provide an overview of representative CU pili expressed by E. coli and Salmonella, and conclude with a discussion of potential approaches to develop antivirulence therapeutics that interfere with pilus assembly or function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glenn T. Werneburg
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - David G. Thanassi
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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11
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Haataja S, Verma P, Fu O, Papageorgiou AC, Pöysti S, Pieters RJ, Nilsson UJ, Finne J. Rationally Designed Chemically Modified Glycodendrimer InhibitsStreptococcus suisAdhesin SadP at Picomolar Concentrations. Chemistry 2018; 24:1905-1912. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sauli Haataja
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Turku; Kiinamyllynkatu 10 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Priya Verma
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Lund University; POB 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Ou Fu
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; P.O. Box 80082 3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Anastassios C. Papageorgiou
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology; University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University; Tykistökatu 6 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Sakari Pöysti
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Turku; Kiinamyllynkatu 10 20520 Turku Finland
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences; Utrecht University; P.O. Box 80082 3508 TB Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Ulf J. Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis; Department of Chemistry; Lund University; POB 124 221 00 Lund Sweden
| | - Jukka Finne
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; University of Helsinki; P.O.B. 56 00014 Helsinki Finland
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12
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Innovative Solutions to Sticky Situations: Antiadhesive Strategies for Treating Bacterial Infections. Microbiol Spectr 2017; 4. [PMID: 27227305 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.vmbf-0023-2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adherence to host tissue is an essential process in pathogenesis, necessary for invasion and colonization and often required for the efficient delivery of toxins and other bacterial effectors. As existing treatment options for common bacterial infections dwindle, we find ourselves rapidly approaching a tipping point in our confrontation with antibiotic-resistant strains and in desperate need of new treatment options. Bacterial strains defective in adherence are typically avirulent and unable to cause infection in animal models. The importance of this initial binding event in the pathogenic cascade highlights its potential as a novel therapeutic target. This article seeks to highlight a variety of strategies being employed to treat and prevent infection by targeting the mechanisms of bacterial adhesion. Advancements in this area include the development of novel antivirulence therapies using small molecules, vaccines, and peptides to target a variety of bacterial infections. These therapies target bacterial adhesion through a number of mechanisms, including inhibition of pathogen receptor biogenesis, competition-based strategies with receptor and adhesin analogs, and the inhibition of binding through neutralizing antibodies. While this article is not an exhaustive description of every advancement in the field, we hope it will highlight several promising examples of the therapeutic potential of antiadhesive strategies.
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13
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Supramolecular Recognition of Escherichia coli Bacteria by Fluorescent Oligo(Phenyleneethynylene)s with Mannopyranoside Termini Groups. SENSORS 2017; 17:s17051025. [PMID: 28471379 PMCID: PMC5469630 DOI: 10.3390/s17051025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one the most common bacteria responsible of uropathogenic diseases, which motives the search for rapid and easy methods of detection. By taking advantage of the specific interactions between mannose and type 1 fimbriae, in this work two fluorescent phenyleneethynylene (PE) trimers bearing one or two 4-aminophenyl-α-D-mannopyranoside termini groups were synthesized for the detection of E. coli. Three bacterial strains: ORN 178 (fimbriae I expression), ORN 208 (mutant serotype with no fimbriae expression) and one obtained from a local hospital (SS3) were used. Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy (LSCM) and Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) were applied for the interaction studies following two different approaches: (1) mixing the oligomer solutions with the bacterial suspension, which permitted the observation of stained bacteria and by (2) biosensing as thin films, where bacteria adhered on the surface-functionalized substrate. LSCM allows one to easily visualize that two mannose groups are necessary to have a specific interaction with the fimbriae 1. The sensitivity of SPR assays to E. coli was 104 colony forming unit (CFU)/mL at 50 µL/min flow rate. The combination of PE units with two mannose groups results in a novel molecule that can be used as a specific fluorescent marker as well as a transducer for the detection of E. coli.
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Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTI) are among the most common bacterial infections in humans, affecting millions of people every year. UTI cause significant morbidity in women throughout their lifespan, in infant boys, in older men, in individuals with underlying urinary tract abnormalities, and in those that require long-term urethral catheterization, such as patients with spinal cord injuries or incapacitated individuals living in nursing homes. Serious sequelae include frequent recurrences, pyelonephritis with sepsis, renal damage in young children, pre-term birth, and complications of frequent antimicrobial use including high-level antibiotic resistance and Clostridium difficile colitis. Uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) cause the vast majority of UTI, but less common pathogens such as Enterococcus faecalis and other enterococci frequently take advantage of an abnormal or catheterized urinary tract to cause opportunistic infections. While antibiotic therapy has historically been very successful in controlling UTI, the high rate of recurrence remains a major problem, and many individuals suffer from chronically recurring UTI, requiring long-term prophylactic antibiotic regimens to prevent recurrent UTI. Furthermore, the global emergence of multi-drug resistant UPEC in the past ten years spotlights the need for alternative therapeutic and preventative strategies to combat UTI, including anti-infective drug therapies and vaccines. In this chapter, we review recent advances in the field of UTI pathogenesis, with an emphasis on the identification of promising drug and vaccine targets. We then discuss the development of new UTI drugs and vaccines, highlighting the challenges these approaches face and the need for a greater understanding of urinary tract mucosal immunity.
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Azeredo J, Azevedo NF, Briandet R, Cerca N, Coenye T, Costa AR, Desvaux M, Di Bonaventura G, Hébraud M, Jaglic Z, Kačániová M, Knøchel S, Lourenço A, Mergulhão F, Meyer RL, Nychas G, Simões M, Tresse O, Sternberg C. Critical review on biofilm methods. Crit Rev Microbiol 2016; 43:313-351. [PMID: 27868469 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2016.1208146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 553] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms are widespread in nature and constitute an important strategy implemented by microorganisms to survive in sometimes harsh environmental conditions. They can be beneficial or have a negative impact particularly when formed in industrial settings or on medical devices. As such, research into the formation and elimination of biofilms is important for many disciplines. Several new methodologies have been recently developed for, or adapted to, biofilm studies that have contributed to deeper knowledge on biofilm physiology, structure and composition. In this review, traditional and cutting-edge methods to study biofilm biomass, viability, structure, composition and physiology are addressed. Moreover, as there is a lack of consensus among the diversity of techniques used to grow and study biofilms. This review intends to remedy this, by giving a critical perspective, highlighting the advantages and limitations of several methods. Accordingly, this review aims at helping scientists in finding the most appropriate and up-to-date methods to study their biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Azeredo
- a CEB ? Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO, Laboratórios de Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
| | - Nuno F Azevedo
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Romain Briandet
- c Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay , Jouy-en-Josas , France
| | - Nuno Cerca
- a CEB ? Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO, Laboratórios de Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
| | - Tom Coenye
- d Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Microbiology , Ghent University , Ghent , Belgium
| | - Ana Rita Costa
- a CEB ? Centre of Biological Engineering, LIBRO, Laboratórios de Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho Campus de Gualtar , Braga , Portugal
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- e INRA Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , UR454 Microbiologie , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- f Department of Medical, Oral, and Biotechnological Sciences, and Center of Excellence on Aging and Translational Medicine (CeSI-MeT) , "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Michel Hébraud
- e INRA Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes , UR454 Microbiologie , Saint-Genès Champanelle , France
| | - Zoran Jaglic
- g Department of Food and Feed Safety, Laboratory of Food Bacteriology , Veterinary Research Institute , Brno , Czech Republic
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- h Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences , Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra , Nitra , Slovakia
| | - Susanne Knøchel
- i Department of Food Science (FOOD) , University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg C , Denmark
| | - Anália Lourenço
- j Department of Computer Science , University of Vigo , Ourense , Spain
| | - Filipe Mergulhão
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Rikke Louise Meyer
- k Aarhus University, Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO) , Aarhus , Denmark
| | - George Nychas
- l Agricultural University of Athens, Lab of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods , Athens , Greece
| | - Manuel Simões
- b LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering , University of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Odile Tresse
- m LUNAM Université, Oniris, SECALIM UMR1024 INRA , Université de Nantes , Nantes , France
| | - Claus Sternberg
- n Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine , Technical University of Denmark , Lyngby, Denmark
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16
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Bessa Pereira C, Bocková M, Santos RF, Santos AM, Martins de Araújo M, Oliveira L, Homola J, Carmo AM. The Scavenger Receptor SSc5D Physically Interacts with Bacteria through the SRCR-Containing N-Terminal Domain. Front Immunol 2016; 7:416. [PMID: 27790215 PMCID: PMC5061727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The scavenger receptor cysteine-rich (SRCR) family comprises a group of membrane-attached or secreted proteins that contain one or more modules/domains structurally similar to the membrane distal domain of type I macrophage scavenger receptor. Although no all-inclusive biological function has been ascribed to the SRCR family, some of these receptors have been shown to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMP) of bacteria, fungi, or other microbes. SSc5D is a recently described soluble SRCR receptor produced by monocytes/macrophages and T lymphocytes, consisting of an N-terminal portion, which contains five SRCR modules, and a large C-terminal mucin-like domain. Toward establishing a global common role for SRCR domains, we interrogated whether the set of five SRCR domains of SSc5D displayed pattern recognition receptor (PRR) properties. For that purpose, we have expressed in a mammalian expression system the N-terminal SRCR-containing moiety of SSc5D (N-SSc5D), thus excluding the mucin-like domain likely by nature to bind microorganisms, and tested the capacity of the SRCR functional groups to physically interact with bacteria. Using conventional protein–bacteria binding assays, we showed that N-SSc5D had a superior capacity to bind to Escherichia coli strains RS218 and IHE3034 compared with that of the extracellular domains of the SRCR proteins CD5 and CD6 (sCD5 and sCD6, respectively), and similar E. coli-binding properties as Spα, a proven PRR of the SRCR family. We have further designed a more sensitive, real-time, and label-free surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based assay and examined the capacity of N-SSc5D, Spα, sCD5, and sCD6 to bind to different bacteria. We demonstrated that N-SSc5D compares with Spα in the capacity to bind to E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes, and further that it can distinguish between pathogenic E. coli RS218 and IHE3034 strains and the non-pathogenic laboratory E. coli strain BL21(DE3). Our work thus advocates the utility of SPR-based assays as sensitive tools for the rapid screening of interactions between immune-related receptors and PAMP-bearing microbes. The analysis of our results suggests that SRCR domains of different members of the family have a differential capacity to interact with bacteria, and further that the same receptor can discriminate between different bacteria strains and species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catarina Bessa Pereira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Markéta Bocková
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Rita F Santos
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Mafalda Santos
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | - Mafalda Martins de Araújo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Liliana Oliveira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal
| | - Jiří Homola
- Institute of Photonics and Electronics of the Czech Academy of Sciences , Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Alexandre M Carmo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal; IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto, Portugal; ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Hao N, Neranon K, Ramström O, Yan M. Glyconanomaterials for biosensing applications. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 76:113-30. [PMID: 26212205 PMCID: PMC4637221 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.07.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Revised: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanomaterials constitute a class of structures that have unique physiochemical properties and are excellent scaffolds for presenting carbohydrates, important biomolecules that mediate a wide variety of important biological events. The fabrication of carbohydrate-presenting nanomaterials, glyconanomaterials, is of high interest and utility, combining the features of nanoscale objects with biomolecular recognition. The structures can also produce strong multivalent effects, where the nanomaterial scaffold greatly enhances the relatively weak affinities of single carbohydrate ligands to the corresponding receptors, and effectively amplifies the carbohydrate-mediated interactions. Glyconanomaterials are thus an appealing platform for biosensing applications. In this review, we discuss the chemistry for conjugation of carbohydrates to nanomaterials, summarize strategies, and tabulate examples of applying glyconanomaterials in in vitro and in vivo sensing applications of proteins, microbes, and cells. The limitations and future perspectives of these emerging glyconanomaterials sensing systems are furthermore discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanjing Hao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Kitjanit Neranon
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 1 University Avenue, Lowell, MA 01854, USA; Department of Chemistry, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, Teknikringen 30, S-10044 Stockholm, Sweden.
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18
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Abstract
Bacterial infections constitute an increasing problem to human health in response to build-up of resistance to present antibiotics and sluggish development of new pharmaceuticals. However, a means to address this problem is to pinpoint the drug delivery to-and into-the bacteria. This results in a high local concentration of the drug, circumventing the increasingly high doses otherwise necessary. Combined with other effectors, such as covalent attachment to carriers, rendering the drugs less degradable, and the combination with efflux inhibitors, old drugs can be revived. In this context, glyconanomaterials offer exceptional potential, since these materials can be tailored to accommodate different effectors. In this Concept article, we describe the different advantages of glyconanomaterials, and point to their potential in antibiotic "revitalization".
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Affiliation(s)
- Olof Ramström
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden).
| | - Mingdi Yan
- Department of Chemistry, KTH - Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (Sweden).
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA (USA).
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19
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Chahales P, Thanassi DG. Structure, Function, and Assembly of Adhesive Organelles by Uropathogenic Bacteria. Microbiol Spectr 2015; 3:10.1128/microbiolspec.UTI-0018-2013. [PMID: 26542038 PMCID: PMC4638162 DOI: 10.1128/microbiolspec.uti-0018-2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteria assemble a wide range of adhesive proteins, termed adhesins, to mediate binding to receptors and colonization of surfaces. For pathogenic bacteria, adhesins are critical for early stages of infection, allowing the bacteria to initiate contact with host cells, colonize different tissues, and establish a foothold within the host. The adhesins expressed by a pathogen are also critical for bacterial-bacterial interactions and the formation of bacterial communities, including biofilms. The ability to adhere to host tissues is particularly important for bacteria that colonize sites such as the urinary tract, where the flow of urine functions to maintain sterility by washing away non-adherent pathogens. Adhesins vary from monomeric proteins that are directly anchored to the bacterial surface to polymeric, hair-like fibers that extend out from the cell surface. These latter fibers are termed pili or fimbriae, and were among the first identified virulence factors of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Studies since then have identified a range of both pilus and non-pilus adhesins that contribute to bacterial colonization of the urinary tract, and have revealed molecular details of the structures, assembly pathways, and functions of these adhesive organelles. In this review, we describe the different types of adhesins expressed by both Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens, what is known about their structures, how they are assembled on the bacterial surface, and the functions of specific adhesins in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Chahales
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - David G Thanassi
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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20
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Uberos J, Rodríguez-Belmonte R, Rodríguez-Pérez C, Molina-Oya M, Blanca-Jover E, Narbona-Lopez E, Muñoz-Hoyos A. Phenolic acid content and antiadherence activity in the urine of patients treated with cranberry syrup (Vaccinium macrocarpon) vs. trimethoprim for recurrent urinary tract infection. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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21
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Efficacy and safety profile of cranberry in infants and children with recurrent urinary tract infection. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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Ramsugit S, Pillay M. Pili of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: current knowledge and future prospects. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:737-44. [PMID: 25975850 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1117-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many pathogenic bacteria express filamentous appendages, termed pili, on their surface. These organelles function in several important bacterial processes, including mediating bacterial interaction with, and colonization of the host, signalling events, locomotion, DNA uptake, electric conductance, and biofilm formation. In the last decade, it has been established that the tuberculosis-causing bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, produces two pili types: curli and type IV pili. In this paper, we review studies on M. tuberculosis pili, highlighting their structure and biological significance to M. tuberculosis pathogenesis, and discuss their potential as targets for therapeutic intervention and diagnostic test development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saiyur Ramsugit
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 1st Floor Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Private Bag 7, Congella, Durban, 4013, South Africa
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23
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Biofilm-related infections: bridging the gap between clinical management and fundamental aspects of recalcitrance toward antibiotics. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2015; 78:510-43. [PMID: 25184564 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00013-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 779] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface-associated microbial communities, called biofilms, are present in all environments. Although biofilms play an important positive role in a variety of ecosystems, they also have many negative effects, including biofilm-related infections in medical settings. The ability of pathogenic biofilms to survive in the presence of high concentrations of antibiotics is called "recalcitrance" and is a characteristic property of the biofilm lifestyle, leading to treatment failure and infection recurrence. This review presents our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of biofilm recalcitrance toward antibiotics and describes how recent progress has improved our capacity to design original and efficient strategies to prevent or eradicate biofilm-related infections.
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24
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Ruer S, Pinotsis N, Steadman D, Waksman G, Remaut H. Virulence-targeted Antibacterials: Concept, Promise, and Susceptibility to Resistance Mechanisms. Chem Biol Drug Des 2015; 86:379-99. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ségolène Ruer
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology; Structural Biology Research Center; VIB; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium
| | - Nikos Pinotsis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology (ISMB); UCL and Birkbeck College; London WC1E 7HX UK
| | - David Steadman
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research (WIBR); UCL; London WC1E 6BT UK
| | - Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology (ISMB); UCL and Birkbeck College; London WC1E 7HX UK
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural and Molecular Microbiology; Structural Biology Research Center; VIB; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels; Vrije Universiteit Brussel; Pleinlaan 2 Brussels 1050 Belgium
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25
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Moonens K, De Kerpel M, Coddens A, Cox E, Pardon E, Remaut H, De Greve H. Nanobody mediated inhibition of attachment of F18 Fimbriae expressing Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114691. [PMID: 25502211 PMCID: PMC4263667 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-weaning diarrhea and edema disease caused by F18 fimbriated E. coli are important diseases in newly weaned piglets and lead to severe production losses in farming industry. Protective treatments against these infections have thus far limited efficacy. In this study we generated nanobodies directed against the lectin domain of the F18 fimbrial adhesin FedF and showed in an in vitro adherence assay that four unique nanobodies inhibit the attachment of F18 fimbriated E. coli bacteria to piglet enterocytes. Crystallization of the FedF lectin domain with the most potent inhibitory nanobodies revealed their mechanism of action. These either competed with the binding of the blood group antigen receptor on the FedF surface or induced a conformational change in which the CDR3 region of the nanobody displaces the D″-E loop adjacent to the binding site. This D″-E loop was previously shown to be required for the interaction between F18 fimbriated bacteria and blood group antigen receptors in a membrane context. This work demonstrates the feasibility of inhibiting the attachment of fimbriated pathogens by employing nanobodies directed against the adhesin domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristof Moonens
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maia De Kerpel
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annelies Coddens
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Eric Cox
- Department of Veterinary Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
| | - Els Pardon
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Henri De Greve
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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26
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Fernández-Puentes V, Uberos J, Rodríguez-Belmonte R, Nogueras-Ocaña M, Blanca-Jover E, Narbona-López E. [Efficacy and safety profile of cranberry in infants and children with recurrent urinary tract infection]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2014; 82:397-403. [PMID: 25300782 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2014.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cranberry prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection in infants has proven effective in the experimental model of the adult. There are few data on its efficacy, safety and recommended dose in the pediatric population. METHODS A controlled, double-blind Phase III clinical trial was conducted on children older than 1 month of age to evaluate the efficacy and safety of cranberry in recurrent urinary tract infection. The assumption was of the non-inferiority of cranberry versus trimethoprim. Statistical analysis was performed using Kaplan Meier analysis. RESULTS A total of 85 patients under 1 year of age and 107 over 1 year were recruited. Trimethoprim was prescribed to 75 patients and 117 received cranberry. The cumulative rate of urinary infection associated with cranberry prophylaxis in children under 1 year was 46% (95% CI; 23-70) in children and 17% (95% CI; 0-38) in girls, effectively at doses inferior to trimethoprim. In children over 1 year-old cranberry was not inferior to trimethoprim, with a cumulative rate of urine infection of 26% (95% CI; 12-41). The cranberry was well tolerated and with no new adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms that cranberry is safe and effective in the prophylaxis of recurrent urinary tract infection in infants and children. With the doses used, their efficiency is not less than that observed for trimethoprim among those over 1 year-old. (Clinical Trials Registry ISRCTN16968287).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Uberos
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España.
| | | | - M Nogueras-Ocaña
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
| | - E Blanca-Jover
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
| | - E Narbona-López
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Granada, España
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27
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Govender VS, Ramsugit S, Pillay M. Mycobacterium tuberculosis adhesins: potential biomarkers as anti-tuberculosis therapeutic and diagnostic targets. Microbiology (Reading) 2014; 160:1821-1831. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.082206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to host cells is a precursor to host colonization and evasion of the host immune response. Conversely, it triggers the induction of the immune response, a process vital to the host’s defence against infection. Adhesins are microbial cell surface molecules or structures that mediate the attachment of the microbe to host cells and thus the host–pathogen interaction. They also play a crucial role in bacterial aggregation and biofilm formation. In this review, we discuss the role of adhesins in the pathogenesis of the aetiological agent of tuberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We also provide insight into the structure and characteristics of some of the characterized and putative M. tuberculosis adhesins. Finally, we examine the potential of adhesins as targets for the development of tuberculosis control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viveshree S. Govender
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Saiyur Ramsugit
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Manormoney Pillay
- Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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28
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Geibel S, Waksman G. The molecular dissection of the chaperone–usher pathway. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2014; 1843:1559-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Steadman D, Lo A, Waksman G, Remaut H. Bacterial surface appendages as targets for novel antibacterial therapeutics. Future Microbiol 2014; 9:887-900. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb.14.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The rise of multidrug resistant bacteria is a major worldwide health concern. There is currently an unmet need for the development of new and selective antibacterial drugs. Therapies that target and disarm the crucial virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, while not actually killing the cells themselves, could prove to be vital for the treatment of numerous diseases. This article discusses the main surface architectures of pathogenic Gram-negative bacteria and the small molecules that have been discovered, which target their specific biogenesis pathways and/or actively block their virulence. The future perspective for the use of antivirulence compounds is also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Steadman
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, Birkbeck & University College London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Alvin Lo
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Waksman
- Institute of Structural & Molecular Biology, Birkbeck & University College London, Malet Street, London, WC1E 7HX, UK
| | - Han Remaut
- Structural & Molecular Microbiology, Structural Biology Research Center, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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30
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Pera NP, Pieters RJ. Towards bacterial adhesion-based therapeutics and detection methods. MEDCHEMCOMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c3md00346a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion is an important first step towards bacterial infection and plays a role in colonization, invasion and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Parera Pera
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Utrecht University
- 3508 TB Utrecht
- The Netherlands
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31
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Kouki A, Pieters RJ, Nilsson UJ, Loimaranta V, Finne J, Haataja S. Bacterial Adhesion of Streptococcus suis to Host Cells and Its Inhibition by Carbohydrate Ligands. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:918-35. [PMID: 24833053 PMCID: PMC3960878 DOI: 10.3390/biology2030918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is a Gram-positive bacterium, which causes sepsis and meningitis in pigs and humans. This review examines the role of known S. suis virulence factors in adhesion and S. suis carbohydrate-based adhesion mechanisms, as well as the inhibition of S. suis adhesion by anti-adhesion compounds in in vitro assays. Carbohydrate-binding specificities of S. suis have been identified, and these studies have shown that many strains recognize Galα1-4Gal-containing oligosaccharides present in host glycolipids. In the era of increasing antibiotic resistance, new means to treat infections are needed. Since microbial adhesion to carbohydrates is important to establish disease, compounds blocking adhesion could be an alternative to antibiotics. The use of oligosaccharides as drugs is generally hampered by their relatively low affinity (micromolar) to compete with multivalent binding to host receptors. However, screening of a library of chemically modified Galα1-4Gal derivatives has identified compounds that inhibit S. suis adhesion in nanomolar range. Also, design of multivalent Galα1-4Gal-containing dendrimers has resulted in a significant increase of the inhibitory potency of the disaccharide. The S. suis adhesin binding to Galα1-4Gal-oligosaccharides, Streptococcal adhesin P (SadP), was recently identified. It has a Galα1-4Gal-binding N-terminal domain and a C-terminal LPNTG-motif for cell wall anchoring. The carbohydrate-binding domain has no homology to E. coli P fimbrial adhesin, which suggests that these Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial adhesins recognizing the same receptor have evolved by convergent evolution. SadP adhesin may represent a promising target for the design of anti-adhesion ligands for the prevention and treatment of S. suis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Kouki
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, Utrecht 3508 TB, The Netherlands.
| | - Ulf J Nilsson
- Centre for Analysis and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, POB 124, Lund SE-22100, Sweden.
| | - Vuokko Loimaranta
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
| | - Jukka Finne
- Department of Biosciences, Division of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, P.O.B. 56, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland.
| | - Sauli Haataja
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, Turku FI-20520, Finland.
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Ordered and ushered; the assembly and translocation of the adhesive type I and p pili. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:841-60. [PMID: 24833049 PMCID: PMC3960871 DOI: 10.3390/biology2030841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Revised: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Type I and P pili are chaperone-usher pili of uropathogenic Escherichia coli, which allow bacteria to adhere to host cell receptors. Pilus formation and secretion are orchestrated by two accessory proteins, a chaperone, which catalyses pilus subunit folding and maintains them in a polymerization-competent state, and an outer membrane-spanning nanomachine, the usher, which choreographs their assembly into a pilus and drives their secretion through the membrane. In this review, recent structures and kinetic studies are combined to examine the mechanism of type I and P pili assembly, as it is currently known. We also investigate how the knowledge of pilus biogenesis mechanisms has been exploited to design selective inhibitors of the process.
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Bernardi A, Jiménez-Barbero J, Casnati A, De Castro C, Darbre T, Fieschi F, Finne J, Funken H, Jaeger KE, Lahmann M, Lindhorst TK, Marradi M, Messner P, Molinaro A, Murphy PV, Nativi C, Oscarson S, Penadés S, Peri F, Pieters RJ, Renaudet O, Reymond JL, Richichi B, Rojo J, Sansone F, Schäffer C, Turnbull WB, Velasco-Torrijos T, Vidal S, Vincent S, Wennekes T, Zuilhof H, Imberty A. Multivalent glycoconjugates as anti-pathogenic agents. Chem Soc Rev 2013; 42:4709-27. [PMID: 23254759 PMCID: PMC4399576 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35408j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 424] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Multivalency plays a major role in biological processes and particularly in the relationship between pathogenic microorganisms and their host that involves protein-glycan recognition. These interactions occur during the first steps of infection, for specific recognition between host and bacteria, but also at different stages of the immune response. The search for high-affinity ligands for studying such interactions involves the combination of carbohydrate head groups with different scaffolds and linkers generating multivalent glycocompounds with controlled spatial and topology parameters. By interfering with pathogen adhesion, such glycocompounds including glycopolymers, glycoclusters, glycodendrimers and glyconanoparticles have the potential to improve or replace antibiotic treatments that are now subverted by resistance. Multivalent glycoconjugates have also been used for stimulating the innate and adaptive immune systems, for example with carbohydrate-based vaccines. Bacteria present on their surfaces natural multivalent glycoconjugates such as lipopolysaccharides and S-layers that can also be exploited or targeted in anti-infectious strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bernardi
- Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica Organica e Industriale and Centro di Eccellenza CISI, via Venezian 21, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Casnati
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Cristina De Castro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Tamis Darbre
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Franck Fieschi
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, 41 rue Jules Horowitz, 38027 Grenoble Cedex 1, France
| | - Jukka Finne
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, P. O. Box 56, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Horst Funken
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-42425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Karl-Erich Jaeger
- Institute of Molecular Enzyme Technology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-42425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Martina Lahmann
- School of Chemistry, Bangor University, Deiniol Road Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, UK
| | - Thisbe K. Lindhorst
- Otto Diels Institute of Organic Chemistry, Christiana Albertina University of Kiel, Otto-Hahn-Platz 3-4, D-24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marco Marradi
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, P1 de Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Paul Messner
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Antonio Molinaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Università di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, I-80126 Napoli, Italy
| | - Paul V. Murphy
- School of Chemistry, National University of Ireland, Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Cristina Nativi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino – Firenze, Italy
| | - Stefan Oscarson
- Centre for Synthesis and Chemical Biology, UCD School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Soledad Penadés
- Laboratory of GlycoNanotechnology, CIC biomaGUNE and CIBER-BBN, P1 de Miramón 182, 20009 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Francesco Peri
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza, 2, 20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Roland J. Pieters
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Département de Chimie Moléculaire, UMR-CNRS 5250 & ICMG FR 2607, Université Joseph Fourier, BP53, 38041 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Jean-Louis Reymond
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Berne, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Richichi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Universitá degli Studi di Firenze, Via della Lastruccia, 13, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino – Firenze, Italy
| | - Javier Rojo
- Glycosystems Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas, CSIC – Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Américo Vespucio, 49, Seville 41092, Spain
| | - Francesco Sansone
- Università degli Studi di Parma, Dipartimento di Chimica, Parco Area delle Scienze 17/a, 43100 Parma, Italy
| | - Christina Schäffer
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, NanoGlycobiology Unit, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - W. Bruce Turnbull
- School of Chemistry and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | | | - Sébastien Vidal
- Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires UMR 5246, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 Boulevard du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Stéphane Vincent
- University of Namur (FUNDP), Département de Chimie, Laboratoire de Chimie Bio-Organique, rue de Bruxelles 61, B-5000 Namur, Belgium
| | - Tom Wennekes
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Han Zuilhof
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anne Imberty
- Centre de Recherche sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV – CNRS), affiliated with Grenoble-Université and ICMG, F-38041 Grenoble, France
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Use of tetravalent galabiose for inhibition of streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection in a mouse model. BIOLOGY 2013; 2:702-18. [PMID: 24832804 PMCID: PMC3960886 DOI: 10.3390/biology2020702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen associated with a variety of infections such as meningitis, arthritis and septicemia. The bacterium is zoonotic and has been found to cause meningitis especially in humans occupationally exposed to infected pigs. Since adhesion is a prerequisite for colonization and subsequent infection, anti-adhesion treatment seems a natural alternative to traditional treatment with antibiotics. In order to optimize the inhibitory potency a multivalency approach was taken in the inhibitor design. A synthetic tetravalent galabiose compound was chosen which had previously shown promising anti-adhesion effects with S. suis in vitro. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effects of the compound using an infection peritonitis mouse model. As such S. suis serotype 2 infection and treatment were tested in vivo and the effects were compared to the effect of treatment with penicillin.
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Lo AW, Moonens K, Remaut H. Chemical attenuation of pilus function and assembly in Gram-negative bacteria. Curr Opin Microbiol 2013; 16:85-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 01/30/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Thanassi DG, Bliska JB, Christie PJ. Surface organelles assembled by secretion systems of Gram-negative bacteria: diversity in structure and function. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2012; 36:1046-82. [PMID: 22545799 PMCID: PMC3421059 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6976.2012.00342.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2011] [Revised: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria express a wide variety of organelles on their cell surface. These surface structures may be the end products of secretion systems, such as the hair-like fibers assembled by the chaperone/usher (CU) and type IV pilus pathways, which generally function in adhesion to surfaces and bacterial-bacterial and bacterial-host interactions. Alternatively, the surface organelles may be integral components of the secretion machinery itself, such as the needle complex and pilus extensions formed by the type III and type IV secretion systems, which function in the delivery of bacterial effectors inside host cells. Bacterial surface structures perform functions critical for pathogenesis and have evolved to withstand forces exerted by the external environment and cope with defenses mounted by the host immune system. Given their essential roles in pathogenesis and exposed nature, bacterial surface structures also make attractive targets for therapeutic intervention. This review will describe the structure and function of surface organelles assembled by four different Gram-negative bacterial secretion systems: the CU pathway, the type IV pilus pathway, and the type III and type IV secretion systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G Thanassi
- Center for Infectious Diseases, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5120, USA.
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Watts RE, Tan CK, Ulett GC, Carey AJ, Totsika M, Idris A, Paton AW, Morona R, Paton JC, Schembri MA. Escherichia coli 83972 Expressing a P fimbriae Oligosaccharide Receptor Mimic Impairs Adhesion of Uropathogenic E. coli. J Infect Dis 2012; 206:1242-9. [DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jis493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Krachler AM, Mende K, Murray C, Orth K. In vitro characterization of multivalent adhesion molecule 7-based inhibition of multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from wounded military personnel. Virulence 2012; 3:389-99. [PMID: 22722243 DOI: 10.4161/viru.20816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment of wounded military personnel at military medical centers is often complicated by colonization and infection of wounds with pathogenic bacteria. These include nosocomially transmitted, often multidrug-resistant pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and extended spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. We analyzed the efficacy of multivalent adhesion molecule (MAM) 7-based anti-adhesion treatment of host cells against aforementioned pathogens in a tissue culture infection model. Herein, we observed that a correlation between two important hallmarks of virulence, attachment and cytotoxicity, could serve as a useful predictor for the success of MAM7-based inhibition against bacterial infections. Initially, we characterized 20 patient isolates (five from each pathogen mentioned above) in terms of genotypic diversity, antimicrobial susceptibility and important hallmarks of pathogenicity (biofilm formation, attachment to and cytotoxicity toward cultured host cells). All isolates displayed a high degree of genotypic diversity, which was also reflected by large strain-to-strain variability in terms of biofilm formation, attachment and cytotoxicity within each group of pathogen. Using non-pathogenic bacteria expressing MAM7 or latex beads coated with recombinant MAM7 for anti-adhesion treatment, we showed a decrease in cytotoxicity, indicating that MAM7 has potential as a prophylactic agent to attenuate infection by multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marie Krachler
- Department of Molecular Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Klinth JE, Castelain M, Uhlin BE, Axner O. The influence of pH on the specific adhesion of P piliated Escherichia coli. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38548. [PMID: 22679512 PMCID: PMC3367954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Adhesion to host tissues is an initiating step in a majority of bacterial infections. In the case of Gram-negative bacteria this adhesion is often mediated by a specific interaction between an adhesin, positioned at the distal end of bacterial pili, and its receptor on the surface of the host tissue. Furthermore, the rod of the pilus, and particularly its biomechanical properties, is believed to be crucial for the ability of bacteria to withstand external forces caused by, for example, (in the case of urinary tract infections) urinary rinsing flows by redistributing the force to several pili. In this work, the adhesion properties of P-piliated E. coli and their dependence of pH have been investigated in a broad pH range by both the surface plasmon resonance technique and force measuring optical tweezers. We demonstrate that P piliated bacteria have an adhesion ability throughout the entire physiologically relevant pH range (pH 4.5 - 8). We also show that pH has a higher impact on the binding rate than on the binding stability or the biomechanical properties of pili; the binding rate was found to have a maximum around pH 5 while the binding stability was found to have a broader distribution over pH and be significant over the entire physiologically relevant pH range. Force measurements on a single organelle level show that the biomechanical properties of P pili are not significantly affected by pH.
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Klinth JE, Pinkner JS, Hultgren SJ, Almqvist F, Uhlin BE, Axner O. Impairment of the biomechanical compliance of P pili: a novel means of inhibiting uropathogenic bacterial infections? EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2012; 41:285-95. [PMID: 22237603 PMCID: PMC3281203 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-011-0784-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 11/25/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Gram-negative bacteria often initiate their colonization by use of extended attachment organelles, so called pili. When exposed to force, the rod of helix-like pili has been found to be highly extendable, mainly attributed to uncoiling and recoiling of its quaternary structure. This provides the bacteria with the ability to redistribute an external force among a multitude of pili, which enables them to withstand strong rinsing flows, which, in turn, facilitates adherence and colonization processes critical to virulence. Thus, pili fibers are possible targets for novel antibacterial agents. By use of a substance that compromises compliance of the pili, the ability of bacteria to redistribute external forces can be impaired, so they will no longer be able to resist strong urine flow and thus be removed from the host. It is possible such a substance can serve as an alternative to existing antibiotics in the future or be a part of a multi-drug. In this work we investigated whether it is possible to achieve this by targeting the recoiling process. The test substance was purified PapD. The effect of PapD on the compliance of P pili was assessed at the single organelle level by use of force-measuring optical tweezers. We showed that the recoiling process, and thus the biomechanical compliance, in particular the recoiling process, can be impaired by the presence of PapD. This leads to a new concept in the search for novel drug candidates combating uropathogenic bacterial infections--"coilicides", targeting the subunits of which the pilus rod is composed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanna E Klinth
- Department of Physics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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41
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Mintzer MA, Dane EL, O'Toole GA, Grinstaff MW. Exploiting dendrimer multivalency to combat emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Mol Pharm 2011; 9:342-54. [PMID: 22126461 DOI: 10.1021/mp2005033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of bacterial strains that are resistant to current antibiotics reveal the clinical need for new agents that possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. Furthermore, bacteriophobic coatings that repel bacteria are important for medical devices, as the lifetime, reliability, and performance of implant devices are hindered by bacterial adhesion and infection. Dendrimers, a specific class of monodisperse macromolecules, have recently shown potential to function as both antibacterial agents and antimicrobial surface coatings. This review discusses the limitations with currently used antibacterial agents and describes how various classes of dendrimers, including glycodendrimers, cationic dendrimers, anionic dendrimers, and peptide dendrimers, have the potential to improve upon or replace certain antibiotics. Furthermore, the unexplored areas in this field of research will be mentioned to present opportunities for additional studies regarding the use of dendrimers as antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith A Mintzer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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42
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Pastore A, Valerio S, Adinolfi M, Iadonisi A. An Easy and Versatile Approach for the Regioselective De-O-benzylation of Protected Sugars Based on the I2/Et3SiH Combined System. Chemistry 2011; 17:5881-9. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201003332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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43
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Development of biosensor-based assays to identify anti-infective oligosaccharides. Anal Biochem 2011; 410:200-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Korea CG, Ghigo JM, Beloin C. The sweet connection: Solving the riddle of multiple sugar-binding fimbrial adhesins in Escherichia coli. Bioessays 2011; 33:300-11. [DOI: 10.1002/bies.201000121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Geng J, Henry N. Short time-scale bacterial adhesion dynamics. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2011; 715:315-31. [PMID: 21557073 DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-0940-9_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In natural conditions many bacterial populations are found as surface-attached communities exhibiting features distinct from those of planktonic cells. We focus here on the question of initial adhesion, the mechanisms of which are still far from being fully understood. Recently, the frontier between microbiologists and physicists has become increasingly permeable, boosting implementation of new methodological approaches for better elucidating the intricate aspects of initial bacterial adhesion. After discussing briefly the main sources of complexity that confuse the understanding of the early steps of cell-surface attachment, we present a selection of physical methods enabling real-time measurement of early adhesion kinetics in live cells. We also discuss the limitations and pitfalls that might appear when applying such methodologies - initially designed for studying physically ideal systems - to analysis of these, more complex, living systems. We address mainly on the use of dispersed-surfaces flow cytometry (DS-FCM), quartz microbalance (QCM) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) approaches, and give a brief survey of new perspectives in optical microscopy. We conclude that the use of combined and multiparametric technical approaches will lead to significant advances in providing a comprehensive understanding of the early events in bacterial adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Geng
- Laboratoire Physico-chimie Curie (CNRS UMR 168), Université Paris VI Institut Curie, Paris Cedex 05, France.
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46
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Anti-adhesive activities of flavan-3-ols and proanthocyanidins in the interaction of group A-streptococci and human epithelial cells. Molecules 2010; 15:7139-52. [PMID: 20953158 PMCID: PMC6259466 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15107139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2010] [Revised: 10/13/2010] [Accepted: 10/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells is a key step in infections, allowing subsequent colonization, invasion and internalization of pathogens into tissues. Anti-adhesive agents are therefore potential prophylactic tools against bacterial infections. The range of anti-adhesive compounds is largely confined to carbohydrate analogues. Tannins are generously recognized as potent antimicrobials, but little data exist on their anti-adherence potency. Using a model for mucosal pathogenesis with labeled group A-streptococci (GAS) and human laryngeal HEp-2 cells, a series of flavan-3-ols (epicatechin, epigallocatechin, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate) and highly purified and chemically characterized proanthocyanidin samples including procyanidins based on epicatechin, catechin or ‘mixed’ constituent flavanyl units, prodelphinidins made up of (epi)gallocatechin monomeric unts as well as oligomers possessing A-type units in their molecules was evaluated for anti-adhesive effects. Reduced microbial adherence was observed exclusively for prodelphinidins, suggesting that pyrogallol-type elements, i.e., (epi)gallocatechin units are important structural features. This is the first report on structure-activity relationships regarding the anti-adhesive potency of proanthocyanidins. In addition, the structures of the first chemically defined proanthocyanidins from Pelargonium sidoides are disclosed.
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Ferrara P, Romaniello L, Vitelli O, Gatto A, Serva M, Cataldi L. Cranberry juice for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections: A randomized controlled trial in children. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 43:369-72. [PMID: 19921981 DOI: 10.3109/00365590902936698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Ferrara
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Luciana Romaniello
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Gatto
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Cataldi
- Department of Pediatrics, Catholic University, A. Gemelli Hospital, Rome, Italy
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48
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Moni L, Pourceau G, Zhang J, Meyer A, Vidal S, Souteyrand E, Dondoni A, Morvan F, Chevolot Y, Vasseur JJ, Marra A. Design of triazole-tethered glycoclusters exhibiting three different spatial arrangements and comparative study of their affinities towards PA-IL and RCA 120 by using a dna-based glycoarray. Chembiochem 2009; 10:1369-78. [PMID: 19405074 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Sugar-coated chips: Glycoside clusters are valuable tools for carbohydrate-lectin recognition studies. However, the spatial arrangement of the sugar residues is a key issue in the design of high-affinity glycoclusters. Here the affinities of linear and antenna- and calixarene-based galactoside clusters towards two lectins derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ricinus communis were compared by means of glycoarrays.Interactions between proteins and carbohydrates are involved in a large number of crucial biological events. Many efforts have been devoted to the design and synthesis of unnatural saccharides displaying high affinities towards targeted lectins. Among others, glycoside clusters have proven to be valuable tools for these recognition studies. However, the spatial arrangements of the sugar residues are a key issue in the design of high-affinity glycoclusters. Here, the affinities of linear and antenna- and calixarene-based galactoside clusters against two lectins, derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Ricinus communis, have been compared by means of glycoarrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Moni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Laboratorio di Chimica Organica, Università di Ferrara, Via L. Borsari 46, 44100, Ferrara, Italy
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Kline KA, Fälker S, Dahlberg S, Normark S, Henriques-Normark B. Bacterial adhesins in host-microbe interactions. Cell Host Microbe 2009; 5:580-92. [PMID: 19527885 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 422] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 05/23/2009] [Accepted: 05/27/2009] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Most commensal and pathogenic bacteria interacting with eukaryotic hosts express adhesive molecules on their surfaces that promote interaction with host cell receptors or with soluble macromolecules. Even though bacterial attachment to epithelial cells may be beneficial for bacterial colonization, adhesion may come at a cost because bacterial attachment to immune cells can facilitate phagocytosis and clearing. Many pathogenic bacteria have solved this dilemma by producing an antiphagocytic surface layer usually consisting of polysaccharide and by expressing their adhesins on polymeric structures that extend out from the cell surface. In this review, we will focus on the interaction between bacterial adhesins and the host, with an emphasis on pilus-like structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Kline
- Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control and Department of Microbiology, Tumor, and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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50
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Rich RL, Myszka DG. Survey of the year 2007 commercial optical biosensor literature. J Mol Recognit 2008; 21:355-400. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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