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Harding-Crooks R, Smith D, Fanning S, Fox EM. Dissemination of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and associated resistance determinants through global food systems. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2023; 22:2706-2727. [PMID: 37083194 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are a critical component of modern healthcare systems, fulfilling a core function in patient care and improving individual patient outcomes and consequently overall public health. However, the efficacy of antimicrobial interventions is being consistently eroded by the emergence and dissemination of various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) mechanisms. One highly valued class of antimicrobial compounds is carbapenems, which retain efficacy in treating most multidrug-resistant infections and are considered "last line" agents. Therefore, recent trends in proliferation of carbapenem resistance (CR) via dissemination of carbapenemase-encoding genes among members of the Enterobacteriaceae family pose a significant threat to public health. While much of the focus relating to this has been on nosocomial environments, community-acquired carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE) infections and their associated transmission routes are less well studied. Among these community-associated vectors, the role of food chains and contaminated foods is important, since Enterobacteriaceae occupy niches within these settings. This review examines foodborne CPE transmission by exploring how interactions within and between food, the food chain, and agriculture not only promote and disseminate CPE, but also create reservoirs of mobile genetic elements that may lead to further carbapenemase gene proliferation both within and between microbial communities. Additionally, recent developments regarding the global occurrence and molecular epidemiology of CPEs in food chains will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Darren Smith
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute for Global Food Security, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Edward M Fox
- Department of Applied Sciences, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Plasmid and chromosomal copies of bla CMY-2 mediate resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in Escherichia coli from food animals in China. Vet Microbiol 2022; 271:109493. [PMID: 35728389 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in food animals is the major determinant for the propagation of resistant bacteria in the animal reservoir. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of third-generation cephalosporin (3GC) -resistant and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli isolated from food animals in Southern China. In total, 744 3GC-resistant and 40 blaCMY-2-positive E. coli strains were recovered from 1656 food animal fecal samples across five rearing regions. The blaCMY-2 genes were located on IncC, IncFIB or IncI1 type plasmids in 12 E. coli isolates. In the other 22 isolates, S1-PFGE and hybridization analyses revealed that the blaCMY-2 gene was chromosomally located and demonstrated a high prevalence of the chromosomally encoded blaCMY-2 gene in E. coli. Plasmid stability and growth curve experiments demonstrated that IncI1, IncC and IncFIB plasmids can exist stably in the host bacteria and with a low growth burden and may be the reason these plasmids can be widely disseminated in breeding environments. Whole genome sequencing indicated that ISEcp1 and IS1294 played important roles in blaCMY-2 transfer to both plasmids and the chromosome. Our study confirmed that blaCMY-2 mediated resistance of food animal-derived E. coli to 3GC and highlights the urgent need for appropriate monitoring programmes.
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Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is one of the most serious threats to medical science. Food supply is recognized as a potential source of resistant bacteria, leading to the development of surveillance programs targeting primarily poultry, pork, and beef. These programs are limited in scope, not only in the commodities tested, but also in the organisms targeted (Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Campylobacter); consequently, neither the breadth of food products available nor the organisms that may harbour clinically relevant and (or) mobile resistance genes are identified. Furthermore, there is an inadequate understanding of how international trade in food products contributes to the global dissemination of resistance. This is despite the recognized role of international travel in disseminating antimicrobial-resistant organisms, notably New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase. An increasing number of studies describing antimicrobial-resistant organisms in a variety of imported foods are summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyun Jung
- Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Beverly J Morrison
- Department of Ecosystem and Public Health, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Joseph E Rubin
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Carroll LM, Huisman JS, Wiedmann M. Twentieth-century emergence of antimicrobial resistant human- and bovine-associated Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium lineages in New York State. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14428. [PMID: 32879348 PMCID: PMC7467927 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71344-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) boasts a broad host range and can be transmitted between livestock and humans. While members of this serotype can acquire resistance to antimicrobials, the temporal dynamics of this acquisition is not well understood. Using New York State (NYS) and its dairy cattle farms as a model system, 87 S. Typhimurium strains isolated from 1999 to 2016 from either human clinical or bovine-associated sources in NYS were characterized using whole-genome sequencing. More than 91% of isolates were classified into one of four major lineages, two of which were largely susceptible to antimicrobials but showed sporadic antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene acquisition, and two that were largely multidrug-resistant (MDR). All four lineages clustered by presence and absence of elements in the pan-genome. The two MDR lineages, one of which resembled S. Typhimurium DT104, were predicted to have emerged circa 1960 and 1972. The two largely susceptible lineages emerged earlier, but showcased sporadic AMR determinant acquisition largely after 1960, including acquisition of cephalosporin resistance-conferring genes after 1985. These results confine the majority of AMR acquisition events in NYS S. Typhimurium to the twentieth century, largely within the era of antibiotic usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Carroll
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Jana S Huisman
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wiedmann
- Department of Food Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
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Seo KW, Shim JB, Kim YB, Son SH, Bi Noh E, Yoon S, Lim SK, Ju Lee Y. Impacts and characteristics of antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates by administration of third-generation cephalosporins in layer hatcheries. Vet Microbiol 2020; 243:108643. [PMID: 32273023 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the characteristics and persistence of Escherichia coli resistant to third-generation cephalosporins (3GCs) by early administration of ceftiofur or gentamicin and to analyze the impact of 3GC use in hatcheries. We studied 10 ceftiofur-treated flocks (CTFs) and 10 gentamicin-treated flocks (GTFs) of layers. Fecal samples were collected at 1, 2, 4, 8, 18, and 30 weeks of age for all flocks. Among the 446 E. coli isolates, 58 (29.0 %) of 200 isolates in CTFs were identified as 3GC-resistant E. coli and 28 (11.4 %) of 246 isolates in GTFs were identified as 3GC-resistant E. coli. The presence of 3GC-resistant E. coli isolates at 1, 2, and 4 weeks was significantly higher in CTFs than in GTFs (p < 0.05). Moreover, the rate of resistance to 3GCs gradually decreased from 83.3 % at 1 week of age to 4.4 % at 30 weeks of age in CTFs. Of the 86 3GC-resistant E. coli isolates, 32 isolates had β-lactamase-encoding gene: blaCTX-M-14 (ten isolates), blaCTX-M-15 (three isolates), blaCMY-2 (five isolates), and blaTEM-1 (twenty-five isolates) genes. Plasmid replicon typing revealed that blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCMY-2, and blaTEM-1 were located on F, F and FIB, I1 and K, and I1 and FII, respectively. Furthermore, 18 isolates carried class 1 integrons, with four different gene cassettes. These results revealed that ceftiofur used in hatcheries can lead to an increase in the number of 3GC-resistant E. coli with many characteristics. A voluntary ban must be imposed on the use of 3GCs for 1-day-old chicks in poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Won Seo
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State 39762, USA; College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bo Shim
- Korean Poultry TS Co., Ltd., Icheon 17415, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Bin Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hyun Son
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bi Noh
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghyun Yoon
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine & Zoonoses Research Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Seo KW, Shim JB, Lee YJ. Emergence of CMY-2-Producing Escherichia coli in Korean Layer Parent Stock. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 25:462-468. [PMID: 30625027 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of antimicrobials in food animals is the major determinant for the propagation of resistant bacteria in the animal reservoir. Especially, parent stock (PS) produces thousands of eggs for commercial laying hens and can transfer a variety of viral and bacterial agents to chicks. The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and distribution of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)- and plasmid-mediated AmpC (pAmpC)-producing Escherichia coli in the PS level of the layer operation system in Korea. A total of 591 E. coli isolates were tested in this study and resistance to the first-generation cephalosporins ranged from 60.0% to 71.1%, whereas the resistance to the second- and third-generation cephalosporins ranged from 18.3% to 28.9% and from 8.3% to 14.5%, respectively. Of the 65 third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates, 51 (78.5%) showed multidrug resistance and 18 (27.7%) exhibited phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli. With regard to ESBL/pAmpC gene prevalence, only the CMY-2 gene was identified in all 18 ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli and two isolates possessed both the CMY-2 and TEM-1 genes. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of the 18 CMY-2-producing E. coli isolates revealed four PFGE patterns from the same PS farm and flock and accorded both CMY-2 genes and antimicrobial resistance pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and CMY-2-producing E. coli isolated at the layer PS level; our findings support the critical need for a comprehensive surveillance program to monitor the emergence and dissemination of third-generation cephalosporin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Won Seo
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Bo Shim
- 2 Korean Poultry TS Co., Ltd., Icheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- 1 College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Seo KW, Kim YB, Jeon HY, Lim SK, Lee YJ. Comparative genetic characterization of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from chicken meat produced by integrated broiler operations in South Korea. Poult Sci 2018; 97:2871-2879. [PMID: 29897533 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertical integration of the broiler industry allows producers to combine different biosecurity and sanitation practices, housing technologies, and feeding regimens to improve food safety. The objectives of this study were to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern of β-lactamase-producing E. coli and to compare the characteristics of E. coli recovered from 7 different integrated broiler operations in South Korea. Among 200 chicken meat samples, 101 were observed to be positive for E. coli. However, the prevalence varied from 37.5% to 75.0% in chicken meats from different operations, indicating variation in E. coli occurrence among the operations. Among 101 isolated E. coli from chicken meat, 59 were identified third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli and recovered from 7 different operations. A high proportion of the E. coli isolates were resistant to penicillins (89.8%), quinolones (81.4%). Among 59 third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates, 29 showed phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of β-lactamase-producing E. coli. Prevalence of bla gene, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaCMY-2, and blaTEM-1, were identified in 2, 4, 8, and 16 E. coli isolates respectively and only one E. coli had both genes, blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-1. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis was performed on 29 β-lactamase-producing E. coli isolates. In PFGE, E. coli included 7 PFGE patterns showing the same operation and an accorded both resistance to β-lactam antibiotics and presence of the bla-gene. Our findings suggest that E. coli with resistance to third-generation cephalosporins can now be found in association with integrated broiler operations, providing the data to support the development of monitoring and preventing program in integrated operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Won Seo
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Bin Kim
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Jeon
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Kyung Lim
- Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Rural Affairs, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
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Seo KW, Lee YJ. Prevalence and Characterization of β-Lactamases Genes and Class 1 Integrons in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Chicken Meat in Korea. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:1599-1606. [PMID: 29927695 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious public health threat throughout the world, and therapeutic options for several infectious diseases are currently limited by the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. This study was designed to examine the drug resistance patterns, the prevalence of the β-lactamases, and class 1 integrons in MDR Escherichia coli isolates from chicken meat in Korea. Among 200 chicken meat samples, 101 isolates were observed to be positive for E. coli, of which 57 were identified as MDR E. coli. Among 57 MDR E. coli isolates, the prevalence of bla gene, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, and blaTEM-1, were identified in 2, 4, and 16 E. coli strains, respectively; only 1 E. coli strain had both, blaTEM-1 and blaCTX-M-1 genes. Twenty-one of the 57 MDR E. coli isolates also carried class 1 integrons, and 5 different gene cassette arrangements were found in 14 of the 21 class 1 integron-positive isolates. The β-lactamase-producing E. coli and integron-positive E. coli had significantly higher resistance to 16 antimicrobial drugs than the non-β-lactamase-producing E. coli and the integron-negative E. coli (p < 0.05). Our findings suggest that β-lactamase and class 1 integrons are widely distributed in E. coli isolates from chicken meat, and directly contribute to resistance to diverse antimicrobial agents. Therefore, continuous investigation of integron gene cassette arrays will provide useful information regarding antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Won Seo
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Lee
- Department of Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Chika E, Charles E, Ifeanyichukwu I, Michael A. First Detection of FOX-1 AmpC β-lactamase Gene Expression Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Abattoir Samples in Abakaliki, Nigeria. Oman Med J 2018; 33:243-249. [PMID: 29896333 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2018.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Gram-negative bacteria represent the most relevant reservoir of resistance to antibiotics in the environment. The natural selection of resistant clones of bacteria in the environment by antimicrobial selective pressure is a relevant mechanism for spreading antibiotic resistance traits in both the community and hospital environment. This is in scenarios where antimicrobials are used irrationally, and even in the propagation of livestock, poultry birds, and for other veterinary purposes. This study sought to detect the prevalence of FOX-1 AmpC β-lactamase genes from abattoir samples. Methods The isolation of Escherichia coli, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and β-lactamase characterization was carried out using standard microbiology techniques. The production of AmpC β-lactamase was phenotypically carried out using the cefoxitin-cloxacillin double-disk synergy test (CC-DDST), and FOX-1 AmpC genes was detected in the E. coli isolates using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Results Forty-eight E. coli isolates were recovered from the anal swabs of cows and 35 (72.9%) isolates were positive for the production of β-lactamase. Notably, high percentages of resistance to cefoxitin (91.7%), ceftriaxone (83.3%), imipenem (85.4%), ceftazidime (87.5%), ofloxacin (81.3%), and gentamicin (85.4%) were found. FOX-1 genes were detected in three (6.3%) of the 48 E. coli isolates phenotypically screened for AmpC enzyme production. Conclusions Abattoirs could represent a major reservoir of resistance genes especially AmpC β-lactamase, and this could serve as a route for the dissemination of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the community. Thus, the molecular identification of drug-resistant genes is vital for a reliable epidemiological investigation and the forestalling of the emergence and spread of these organisms through the food chain in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ejikeugwu Chika
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Esimone Charles
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria
| | - Iroha Ifeanyichukwu
- Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
| | - Adikwu Michael
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria
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Casella T, Nogueira MCL, Saras E, Haenni M, Madec JY. High prevalence of ESBLs in retail chicken meat despite reduced use of antimicrobials in chicken production, France. Int J Food Microbiol 2017; 257:271-275. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2017.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Conte D, Palmeiro JK, da Silva Nogueira K, de Lima TMR, Cardoso MA, Pontarolo R, Degaut Pontes FL, Dalla-Costa LM. Characterization of CTX-M enzymes, quinolone resistance determinants, and antimicrobial residues from hospital sewage, wastewater treatment plant, and river water. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 136:62-69. [PMID: 27816836 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2016.10.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria are widespread in hospitals and have been increasingly isolated from aquatic environments. The aim of the present study was to characterize extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and quinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from a hospital effluent, sanitary effluent, inflow sewage, aeration tank, and outflow sewage within a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), as well as river water upstream and downstream (URW and DRW, respectively), of the point where the WWTP treated effluent was discharged. β-lactamase (bla) genes, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR), and quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) were assessed by amplification and sequencing in 55 ESBL-positive and/or quinolone-resistant isolates. Ciprofloxacin residue was evaluated by high performance liquid chromatography. ESBL-producing isolates were identified in both raw (n=29) and treated (n=26) water; they included Escherichia coli (32), Klebsiella pneumoniae (22) and Klebsiella oxytoca (1). Resistance to both cephalosporins and quinolone was observed in 34.4% of E. coli and 27.3% of K. pneumoniae. Resistance to carbapenems was found in 5.4% of K. pneumoniae and in K. oxytoca. Results indicate the presence of blaCTX-M (51/55, 92.7%) and blaSHV (8/55, 14.5%) ESBLs, and blaGES (2/55, 3.6%) carbapenemase-encoding resistance determinants. Genes conferring quinolone resistance were detected at all sites, except in the inflow sewage and aeration tanks. Quinolone resistance was primarily attributed to amino acid substitutions in the QRDR of GyrA (47%) or to the presence of PMQR (aac-(6')-Ib-cr, oqxAB, qnrS, and/or qnrB; 52.9%) determinants. Ciprofloxacin residue was absent only from URW. Our results have shown strains carrying ESBL genes, PMQR determinants, and mutations in the gyrA QRDR genes mainly in hospital effluent, URW, and DRW samples. Antimicrobial use, and the inefficient removal of MDR bacteria and antibiotic residue during sewage treatment, may contribute to the emergence and spreading of resistance in the environment, making this a natural reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danieli Conte
- Faculdades e Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (FPP/IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Jussara Kasuko Palmeiro
- Faculdades e Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (FPP/IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Keite da Silva Nogueira
- Departamento de Patologia Básica, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | | | - Marco André Cardoso
- Faculdades e Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (FPP/IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences Sector, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Pontarolo
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences Sector, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Flávia Lada Degaut Pontes
- Pharmacy Department, Health Sciences Sector, Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Libera Maria Dalla-Costa
- Faculdades e Instituto de Pesquisa Pelé Pequeno Príncipe (FPP/IPPPP), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil; Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná (HC-UFPR), Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Bajaj P, Kanaujia PK, Singh NS, Sharma S, Kumar S, Virdi JS. Quinolone co-resistance in ESBL- or AmpC-producing Escherichia coli from an Indian urban aquatic environment and their public health implications. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1954-1959. [PMID: 26498967 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5609-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Quinolone and β-lactam antibiotics constitute major mainstay of treatment against infections caused by pathogenic Escherichia coli. Presence of E. coli strains expressing co-resistance to both these antibiotic classes in urban aquatic environments which are consistently being used for various anthropogenic activities represents a serious public health concern. From a heterogeneous collection of 61 E. coli strains isolated from the river Yamuna traversing through the National Capital Territory of Delhi (India), those harboring blaCTX-M-15 (n = 10) or blaCMY-42 (n = 2) were investigated for co-resistance to quinolones and the molecular mechanisms thereof. Resistance was primarily attributed to amino acid substitutions in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of GyrA (S83L ± D87N) and ParC (S80I ± E84K). One of the E. coli strains, viz., IPE, also carried substitutions in GyrB and ParE at positions Ser492→Asn and Ser458→Ala, respectively. The phenotypically susceptible strains nevertheless carried plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene, viz., qnrS, which showed co-transfer to the recipient quinolone-sensitive E. coli J53 along with the genes encoding β-lactamases and led to increase in minimal inhibitory concentrations of quinolone antibiotics. To the best of our knowledge, this represents first report of molecular characterization of quinolone co-resistance in E. coli harboring genes for ESBLs or AmpC β-lactamases from a natural aquatic environment of India. The study warrants true appreciation of the potential of urban aquatic environments in the emergence and spread of multi-drug resistance and underscores the need to characterize resistance genetic elements vis-à-vis their public health implications, irrespective of apparent phenotypic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Bajaj
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Kanaujia
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Nambram Somendro Singh
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Shalu Sharma
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Shakti Kumar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Jugsharan Singh Virdi
- Microbial Pathogenicity Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, University of Delhi South Campus, Benito Juarez Road, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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Botelho LAB, Kraychete GB, Costa e Silva JL, Regis DVV, Picão RC, Moreira BM, Bonelli RR. Widespread distribution of CTX-M and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamases in Escherichia coli from Brazilian chicken meat. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2015; 110:249-54. [PMID: 25946250 PMCID: PMC4489457 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760140389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes may pose a substantial public health risk. In the present work, the occurrences of blaCTX-M and plasmid-mediated ampC and qnr genes were investigated in Escherichia coli from 16 chicken carcasses produced by four commercial brands in Brazil. Of the brands tested, three were exporters, including one of organic chicken. Our study assessed 136 E. coli isolates that were grouped into 77 distinct biotypes defined by their origin, resistance profiling, the presence of β-lactamase and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polimerase chain reaction typing. The blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-2 and blaCTX-M-8 genes were detected in one, 17 and eight different biotypes, respectively (45 isolates). Twenty-one biotypes (46 isolates) harboured blaCMY-2. Additionally, blaCMY-2 was identified in isolates that also carried either blaCTX-M-2 or blaCTX-M-8. The qnrB and/or qnrS genes occurred in isolates carrying each of the four types of β-lactamase determinants detected and also in oxyimino-cephalosporin-susceptible strains. Plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC determinants were identified in carcasses from the four brands tested. Notably, this is the first description of blaCTX-M-15 genes in meat or food-producing animals from South America. The blaCTX-M-8, blaCTX-M-15 and blaCMY-2 genes were transferable in conjugation experiments. The findings of the present study indicate that plasmid-mediated ESBL and AmpC-encoding genes are widely distributed in Brazilian chicken meat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Alvarenga Batista Botelho
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Gabriela Bergiante Kraychete
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Jacqueline Lapa Costa e Silva
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Douglas Viller Vieira Regis
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Renata Cristina Picão
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Beatriz Meurer Moreira
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
| | - Raquel Regina Bonelli
- Laboratório de Investigação em Microbiologia Médica, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil
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Andersen VD, Jensen VF, Vigre H, Andreasen M, Agersø Y. The use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins affects the occurrence of extended-spectrum cephalosporinase-producing Escherichia coli in Danish pig herds. Vet J 2015; 204:345-50. [PMID: 25935558 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2015.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum cephalosporinase resistance is currently the fastest emerging antimicrobial resistance problem worldwide; however, evidence documenting the effect of potential risk factors is limited. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of using third and fourth generation cephalosporins on the occurrence of extended-spectrum cephalosporinase-producing Escherichia coli (ESC-Ec) in Danish pig herds. Conventional, integrated, medium to large herds were selected based on information from the Danish Central Husbandry Register and two groups were formed based on the use of third and fourth generation cephalosporins within a specified period, namely, 20 herds with no cephalosporin use (non-exposed) and 19 herds with frequent use (exposed). Data on prescribed antimicrobials were obtained from the National database (VetStat). Management data were obtained through a questionnaire. At the herd level, three pooled faecal samples were collected from sows with their piglets (farrowing pens), weaners, and finishers. ESC-Ec were then identified using selective enrichment. Because several of the herds only had a low number of weaners and/or finishers, analysis was only performed on samples from the farrowing pens. Logistic regression showed a significant effect of using cephalosporins-III/IV on the occurrence of ESC-Ec in the farrowing pens, even when adjusted for use of other antimicrobials 1 year prior to sampling. No confounding effect was identified in relation to management data. The relative risk ESC-Ec in exposed compared to non-exposed was 4.7 (95% confidence interval 2.0-11.5), confirming that regular use of cephalosporins-III/IV was a significant risk factor for the occurrence of ESC-Ec.
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Affiliation(s)
- V D Andersen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.
| | - V F Jensen
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - H Vigre
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark
| | - M Andreasen
- Danish Agriculture and Food Council, Pig Research Centre, Axeltorv 3, Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Y Agersø
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 204, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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15
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Obeng AS, Rickard H, Ndi O, Sexton M, Barton M. Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococci and Escherichia coli in Meat Chicken Flocks During a Production Cycle and Egg Layer Pullets During Rearing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3923/ijps.2014.489.503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Bonelli RR, Moreira BM, Picão RC. Antimicrobial resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in South America: history, current dissemination status and associated socioeconomic factors. Drug Resist Updat 2014; 17:24-36. [PMID: 24618111 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
South America exhibits some of the higher rates of antimicrobial resistance in Enterobactericeae worldwide. This continent includes 12 independent countries with huge socioeconomic differences, where the ample access to antimicrobials, including counterfeit ones, coexists with ineffective health systems and sanitation problems, favoring the emergence and dissemination of resistant strains. This work presents a literature review concerning the evolution and current status of antimicrobial resistance threats found among Enterobacteriaceae in South America. Resistance to β-lactams, fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides was emphasized along with description of key epidemiological studies that highlight the success of specific resistance determinants in different parts of the continent. In addition, a discussion regarding political and socioeconomic factors possibly related to the dissemination of antimicrobial resistant strains in clinical settings and at the community is presented. Finally, in order to assess the possible sources of resistant bacteria, we compile the current knowledge about the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in isolates in South American' food, food-producing animals and off-hospitals environments. By addressing that intensive intercontinental commerce and tourism neutralizes the protective effect of geographic barriers, we provide arguments reinforcing that globally integrated efforts are needed to decelerate the emergence and dissemination of antimicrobial resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Regina Bonelli
- LIM Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Meurer Moreira
- LIM Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Picão
- LIM Laboratório Integrado de Microbiologia, Instituto de Microbiologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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17
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Karczmarczyk M, Wang J, Leonard N, Fanning S. Complete nucleotide sequence of a conjugative IncF plasmid from an Escherichia coli isolate of equine origin containing blaCMY-2 within a novel genetic context. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2014; 352:123-7. [PMID: 24386888 DOI: 10.1111/1574-6968.12364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Revised: 12/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A blaCMY-2 -containing conjugative IncF plasmid denoted as pEQ011, previously identified in a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolate of equine origin, was characterized. The plasmid consisted of 85 507 bp, with 118 predicted open reading frames. This is the first known report demonstrating the association of a blaCMY-2 gene with an IncF incompatibility-type plasmid backbone. A novel genetic arrangement was identified wherein the blaCMY-2 resistance gene was proximally flanked by IS1294 along with a partial blc gene located distally and within a yacABC operon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Karczmarczyk
- UCD Centre for Molecular Innovation & Drug Discovery, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy & Population Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
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18
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Dobiasova H, Dolejska M, Jamborova I, Brhelova E, Blazkova L, Papousek I, Kozlova M, Klimes J, Cizek A, Literak I. Extended spectrum beta-lactamase and fluoroquinolone resistance genes and plasmids amongEscherichia coliisolates from zoo animals, Czech Republic. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2013; 85:604-11. [DOI: 10.1111/1574-6941.12149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hana Dobiasova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- CEITEC VFU; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Monika Dolejska
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- CEITEC VFU; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Jamborova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Eva Brhelova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Blazkova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ivo Papousek
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Marketa Kozlova
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Klimes
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Alois Cizek
- CEITEC VFU; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Literak
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases; Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
- CEITEC VFU; University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences Brno; Brno Czech Republic
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19
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Kameyama M, Chuma T, Yabata J, Tominaga K, Iwata H, Okamoto K. Prevalence and epidemiological relationship of CMY-2 AmpC β-lactamase and CTX-M extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from broiler farms in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 75:1009-15. [PMID: 23503164 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.12-0453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in broiler chickens, 41 rectal samples taken from 4 commercial farms were examined. Desoxycholate hydrogen sulfide lactose agars, supplemented with either 4 μg/ml cefotaxime or 16 μg/ml ceftazidime, were used to screen ESC-resistant bacteria. ESC-resistant bacteria were isolated from all samples. Of the 164 ESC-resistant bacteria (included 4 isolates per a sample), 163 were Escherichia coli, while 1 isolate was identified as Enterobacter cloacae. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes and plasmid-mediated AmpC β-lactamase genes in the isolates were determined by PCR and sequencing. One AmpC β-lactamase gene, bla(CMY-2) (66%), and 4 ESBL genes, bla(CTX-M-1) (26%), bla(CTX-M-55) (10%), bla(SHV-5) (4%) and bla(CTX-M-2) (3%), were detected in the E. coli isolates. The epidemiological relationship of the CMY-2 and CTX-M β-lactamase-producing isolates among the farms was analyzed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis using the XbaI restriction enzyme. Forty-one (Y1-Y41) and 14 (X1-X14) clusters were found in the CMY-2 and CTX-M-carrying E. coli isolates, respectively. Some clusters included isolates derived from more than 1 farm, indicating some cross-contamination of clonal strains and spread of CMY-2 AmpC β-lactamase or CTX-M ESBL among the farms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Kameyama
- Yamaguchi Prefectural Institute of Public Health and Environment, 2-5-67 Aoi, Yamaguchi 753-0821, Japan
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20
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Ojer-Usoz E, González D, Vitas AI, Leiva J, García-Jalón I, Febles-Casquero A, Escolano MDLS. Prevalence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in meat products sold in Navarra, Spain. Meat Sci 2013; 93:316-21. [PMID: 23062714 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2012.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 09/12/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of resistance in β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae family were investigated in isolates from 141 meat products (beef, poultry and pork) purchased in Spain. The strains that grow in ChromID ESBL agar plates were confirmed using the paired disk diffusion method. Resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, aztreonam, cefpodoxime, gentamicin, doxycycline, cotrimoxazol, norfloxacin, piperacillin/tazobactam, fosfomycin and cefoxitin were tested following CLSI recommendations. Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by the MicroScan® NM37 panel and β-lactamase genes were detected using multiplex PCR and sequencing. Results show poultry as the meat product having the highest prevalence (84%), with Escherichia coli being the predominant bacteria (71.3%). Predominant β-lactamase types were CTX-M (37.8%), followed by CTX-M+TEM combination (20.7%), TEM (17%), SHV (12.2%), TEM+SHV combination (10.9%) and OXA (1.2%). 93.9% of the strains were resistant to one or more β-lactam antibiotics. Results indicate a widespread distribution of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in meat products, with a high rate of β-lactam resistance and a low rate of AmpC cephalosporinase-producing strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ojer-Usoz
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Microbiological Food and Water Laboratory, CIFA University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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21
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Liebana E, Carattoli A, Coque TM, Hasman H, Magiorakos AP, Mevius D, Peixe L, Poirel L, Schuepbach-Regula G, Torneke K, Torren-Edo J, Torres C, Threlfall J. Public health risks of enterobacterial isolates producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases or AmpC β-lactamases in food and food-producing animals: an EU perspective of epidemiology, analytical methods, risk factors, and control options. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 56:1030-7. [PMID: 23243183 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis1043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The blaESBL and blaAmpC genes in Enterobacteriaceae are spread by plasmid-mediated integrons, insertion sequences, and transposons, some of which are homologous in bacteria from food animals, foods, and humans. These genes have been frequently identified in Escherichia coli and Salmonella from food animals, the most common being blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-14, and blaCMY-2. Identification of risk factors for their occurrence in food animals is complex. In addition to generic antimicrobial use, cephalosporin usage is an important risk factor for selection and spread of these genes. Extensive international trade of animals is a further risk factor. There are no data on the effectiveness of individual control options in reducing public health risks. A highly effective option would be to stop or restrict cephalosporin usage in food animals. Decreasing total antimicrobial use is also of high priority. Implementation of measures to limit strain dissemination (increasing farm biosecurity, controls in animal trade, and other general postharvest controls) are also important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Liebana
- Scientific Unit on Biological Hazards, European Food Safety Authority, Parma, Italy.
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22
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KOO HYONJI, WOO GUNJO. Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance of Escherichia coli Recovered from Foods of Animal and Fish Origin in Korea. J Food Prot 2012; 75:966-72. [DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-11-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli is transferred from food-producing animals to humans through the food chain. We investigated the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and resistance determinants and characterized the integrons of foodborne E. coli in Korea. In total, 162 E. coli isolates from commercial foods (raw meat, fish, and processed foods) were collected by the National Antimicrobial Resistance Management Program from 2004 to 2006. Susceptibility to 20 antibiotics was tested by disk diffusion, and resistance determinants were detected using PCR and genomic sequence analysis. The isolates were highly resistant to antibiotics commonly used in livestock farming. Resistance to tetracycline (74.7%) was the most frequently observed, followed by streptomycin (71%) and ampicillin (51.2%). Class 1 integrons were detected in 13 isolates (8%), and nine of these integrons were located on conjugative plasmids. None of the isolates produced extended-spectrum β-lactamase. One isolate (0.6%) harbored blaCMY-2, which was located on a conjugative plasmid. Although the qnr gene was not detected, aac(6′)-Ib-cr was present in two isolates (1.2%). This is the first report of aac(6′)-1b-cr in food isolates. Three or four amino acid substitutions at positions 83 and 87 in gyrA and at positions 80 and/or 84 in parC were found in six isolates, representing high resistance to ciprofloxacin (MIC ≥ 16 mg/liter). These results suggest that E. coli isolates carrying resistance genes and integrons are present in the Korean food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- HYON-JI KOO
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Evaluation, Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
| | - GUN-JO WOO
- Laboratory of Food Safety and Evaluation, Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, Korea University, Anam-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-713, Korea
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Hansen DS, Schumacher H, Hansen F, Stegger M, Hertz FB, Schønning K, Justesen US, Frimodt-Møller N. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) in Danish clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: Prevalence, β-lactamase distribution, phylogroups, and co-resistance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 44:174-81. [DOI: 10.3109/00365548.2011.632642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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24
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Agerso Y, Aarestrup FM, Pedersen K, Seyfarth AM, Struve T, Hasman H. Prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporinase (ESC)-producing Escherichia coli in Danish slaughter pigs and retail meat identified by selective enrichment and association with cephalosporin usage. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 67:582-8. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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25
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Bielak E, Bergenholtz RD, Jørgensen MS, Sørensen SJ, Hansen LH, Hasman H. Investigation of diversity of plasmids carrying the blaTEM-52 gene. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:2465-74. [PMID: 21831988 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkr331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza Bielak
- National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet 204, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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26
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Scientific Opinion on the public health risks of bacterial strains producing extended-spectrum β-lactamases and/or AmpC β-lactamases in food and food-producing animals. EFSA J 2011. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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27
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Hammerum A, Lester C, Jakobsen L, Porsbo L. Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing and AmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria among Danish army recruits. Clin Microbiol Infect 2011; 17:566-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2010.03340.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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28
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Dolejska M, Duskova E, Rybarikova J, Janoszowska D, Roubalova E, Dibdakova K, Maceckova G, Kohoutova L, Literak I, Smola J, Cizek A. Plasmids carrying blaCTX-M-1 and qnr genes in Escherichia coli isolates from an equine clinic and a horseback riding centre. J Antimicrob Chemother 2011; 66:757-64. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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29
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Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli bacteria, including strains with genes encoding the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase and QnrS, in waterbirds on the Baltic Sea Coast of Poland. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 76:8126-34. [PMID: 20952638 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01446-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual cloacal swabs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and of herring gulls (Larus argentatus), as well as samples of waterbird feces obtained in 2008 and 2009, were cultivated for Escherichia coli. Isolates of E. coli were tested for susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. Moreover, the samples were subcultivated on MacConkey agar (MCA) containing cefotaxime (2 mg liter(-1)) to detect E. coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and subsequently on MCA supplemented with ciprofloxacin (0.05 mg liter(-1)) and MCA with nalidixic acid (20 mg liter(-1)) to isolate fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. PCR was used to detect specific antibiotic resistance genes. We found 9 E. coli isolates producing ESBL with bla genes: bla(CTX-M-1) (6 isolates), bla(CTX-M-9) plus bla(TEM-1b) (1 isolate), bla(CTX-M-15) plus bla(OXA-1) (1 isolate), and bla(SHV-12) (1 isolate). In the isolate with bla(CTX-M-15), the gene aac(6)-Ib-cr was also detected. The bla genes were harbored by transferable plasmids of the IncN and IncI1 groups. Nine quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates with qnrS genes were found and characterized. The gene qnrS was associated with a Tn3-like transposon on the IncX1 plasmid together with bla(TEM-1) in two isolates. The gene qnrS was also harbored by conjugative plasmids of the IncN and IncX2 groups. Even if populations of wild birds are not directly influenced by antibiotic practice, we have demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains, including strains with various ESBL and qnrS genes, are found in the feces of wild birds on the coast of the Baltic Sea in Poland.
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Bortolaia V, Bisgaard M, Bojesen AM. Distribution and possible transmission of ampicillin- and nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli within the broiler industry. Vet Microbiol 2009; 142:379-86. [PMID: 19945232 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2009] [Revised: 10/05/2009] [Accepted: 10/26/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This study was performed to determine the origin and transmission of beta-lactam- and (fluoro)quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli in healthy, untreated broiler flocks. We focused on the dynamics of bacteria resistant to critically important antimicrobials for public and veterinary health in view of the possible link between antimicrobial resistant bacteria in farm animals and humans. By processing faecal samples collected with the sock method in broiler parent and broiler flocks, E. coli resistant to ampicillin and nalidixic acid were frequently isolated, while resistance to ciprofloxacin was detected at a very low frequency, and resistance to cephalosporins was not detected. Similarly, resistance to ampicillin and nalidixic acid were the only phenotypes detected in a collection of clinical E. coli isolates associated with first-week-mortality in broiler parent chicks. Although antimicrobial resistant E. coli were genetically diverse by means of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) typing, indistinguishable isolates were present in different flocks, including isolates from broiler parent chicks, broiler parents and broilers. In the absence of apparent selective pressure, the genotypic heterogeneity that we describe is likely the consequence of multiple introductions of antimicrobial resistant bacteria into the production system. The confinement under which broilers are raised limits the possibilities of bacterial transmission among different flocks. Our findings are consistent with vertical transmission of ampicillin- and nalidixic acid-resistant E. coli through the broiler production system. The persistence of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in healthy, untreated chicken flocks emphasises the need of careful evaluation of therapeutic options at any level of the broiler production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Bortolaia
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Literak I, Dolejska M, Radimersky T, Klimes J, Friedman M, Aarestrup FM, Hasman H, Cizek A. Antimicrobial-resistant faecal Escherichia coli in wild mammals in central Europe: multiresistant Escherichia coli producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in wild boars. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:1702-11. [PMID: 19849769 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04572.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine the presence of antibiotic-resistant faecal Escherichia coli in populations of wild mammals in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. METHODS AND RESULTS Rectal swabs or faeces collected during 2006-2008 from wild mammals were spread on MacConkey agar and MacConkey agar containing 2 mg l(-1) of cefotaxime. From plates with positive growth, one isolate was recovered and identified as E. coli. Susceptibility to 12 antibiotics was tested using the disk diffusion method. Resistance genes, class 1 and 2 integrons and gene cassettes were detected in resistant isolates by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) were further characterized by DNA sequencing, macrorestriction profiling and determination of plasmid sizes. Plasmid DNA was subjected to EcoRV digestion, transferability by conjugation and incompatibility grouping by multiplex PCR. The prevalence of resistant isolates was 2% in small terrestrial mammals (rodents and insectivores, n(E. coli) = 242), 12% in wild ruminants and foxes (n(E. coli) = 42), while no resistant isolates were detected in brown bears (n(E. coli) = 16). In wild boars (Sus scrofa) (n(E. coli) = 290), the prevalence of resistant isolates was 6%. Class 1 and 2 integrons with various gene cassettes were recorded in resistant isolates. From wild boars, five (2%, n(rectal smears) = 293) multiresistant isolates producing ESBL were recovered: one isolate with bla(CTX-M-1) + bla(TEM-1), three with bla(CTX-M-1) and one with bla(TEM-52b). The bla(CTX-M-1) genes were carried on approx. 90 kb IncI1 conjugative plasmids. CONCLUSIONS Antibiotic-resistant E. coli occurred in populations of wild mammals in various prevalences. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Wild mammals are reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant E. coli including ESBL-producing strains which were found in wild boars.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Literak
- Department of Biology and Wildlife Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Hygiene and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.
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