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Belay WY, Getachew M, Tegegne BA, Teffera ZH, Dagne A, Zeleke TK, Abebe RB, Gedif AA, Fenta A, Yirdaw G, Tilahun A, Aschale Y. Mechanism of antibacterial resistance, strategies and next-generation antimicrobials to contain antimicrobial resistance: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1444781. [PMID: 39221153 PMCID: PMC11362070 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1444781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibacterial drug resistance poses a significant challenge to modern healthcare systems, threatening our ability to effectively treat bacterial infections. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the types and mechanisms of antibacterial drug resistance. To achieve this aim, a thorough literature search was conducted to identify key studies and reviews on antibacterial resistance mechanisms, strategies and next-generation antimicrobials to contain antimicrobial resistance. In this review, types of resistance and major mechanisms of antibacterial resistance with examples including target site modifications, decreased influx, increased efflux pumps, and enzymatic inactivation of antibacterials has been discussed. Moreover, biofilm formation, and horizontal gene transfer methods has also been included. Furthermore, measures (interventions) taken to control antimicrobial resistance and next-generation antimicrobials have been discussed in detail. Overall, this review provides valuable insights into the diverse mechanisms employed by bacteria to resist the effects of antibacterial drugs, with the aim of informing future research and guiding antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wubetu Yihunie Belay
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Melese Getachew
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Bantayehu Addis Tegegne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Zigale Hibstu Teffera
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Dagne
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Tirsit Ketsela Zeleke
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Rahel Belete Abebe
- Department of clinical pharmacy, College of medicine and health sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Abebaw Abie Gedif
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Abebe Fenta
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Getasew Yirdaw
- Department of environmental health science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Adane Tilahun
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Aschale
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Tan Z, Yang W, O'Brien NA, Pan X, Ramadan S, Marsh T, Hammer N, Cywes-Bentley C, Vinacur M, Pier GB, Gildersleeve JC, Huang X. A comprehensive synthetic library of poly-N-acetyl glucosamines enabled vaccine against lethal challenges of Staphylococcus aureus. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3420. [PMID: 38658531 PMCID: PMC11043332 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Poly-β-(1-6)-N-acetylglucosamine (PNAG) is an important vaccine target, expressed on many pathogens. A critical hurdle in developing PNAG based vaccine is that the impacts of the number and the position of free amine vs N-acetylation on its antigenicity are not well understood. In this work, a divergent strategy is developed to synthesize a comprehensive library of 32 PNAG pentasaccharides. This library enables the identification of PNAG sequences with specific patterns of free amines as epitopes for vaccines against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), an important human pathogen. Active vaccination with the conjugate of discovered PNAG epitope with mutant bacteriophage Qβ as a vaccine carrier as well as passive vaccination with diluted rabbit antisera provides mice with near complete protection against infections by S. aureus including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Thus, the comprehensive PNAG pentasaccharide library is an exciting tool to empower the design of next generation vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zibin Tan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Center for Cancer Immunology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518000, China
| | - Weizhun Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, China
| | - Nicholas A O'Brien
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Xingling Pan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Sherif Ramadan
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qaliobiya, 13518, Egypt
| | - Terence Marsh
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Neal Hammer
- Department of Microbiology, Genetics & Immunology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Colette Cywes-Bentley
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mariana Vinacur
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Gerald B Pier
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Jeffrey C Gildersleeve
- Chemical Biology Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Xuefei Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 578 S. Shaw Lane, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
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Ke Re Mu ALM, Liang ZL, Chen L, Tu Xun AKBE, A Bu Li Ke Mu MMTAL, Wu YQ. 3D printed PLGA scaffold with nano-hydroxyapatite carrying linezolid for treatment of infected bone defects. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 172:116228. [PMID: 38320333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linezolid has been reported to protect against chronic bone and joint infection. In this study, linezolid was loaded into the 3D printed poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) scaffold with nano-hydroxyapatite (HA) to explore the effect of this composite scaffold on infected bone defect (IBD). METHODS PLGA scaffolds were produced using the 3D printing method. Drug release of linezolid was analyzed by elution and high-performance liquid chromatography assay. PLGA, PLGA-HA, and linezolid-loaded PLGA-HA scaffolds, were implanted into the defect site of a rabbit radius defect model. Micro-CT, H&E, and Masson staining, and immunohistochemistry were performed to analyze bone infection and bone healing. Evaluation of viable bacteria was performed. The cytocompatibility of 3D-printed composite scaffolds in vitro was detected using human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Long-term safety of the scaffolds in rabbits was evaluated. RESULTS The linezolid-loaded PLGA-HA scaffolds exhibited a sustained release of linezolid and showed significant antibacterial effects. In the IBD rabbit models implanted with the scaffolds, the linezolid-loaded PLGA-HA scaffolds promoted bone healing and attenuated bone infection. The PLGA-HA scaffolds carrying linezolid upregulated the expression of osteogenic genes including collagen I, runt-related transcription factor 2, and osteocalcin. The linezolid-loaded PLGA-HA scaffolds promoted the proliferation and osteogenesis of BMSCs in vitro via the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, the rabbits implanted with the linezolid-loaded scaffolds showed normal biochemical profiles and normal histology, which suggested the safety of the linezolid-loaded scaffolds. CONCLUSION Overall, the linezolid-loaded PLGA-HA scaffolds fabricated by 3D printing exerts significant bone repair and anti-infection effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Li Mu Ke Re Mu
- Orthopedics Center, First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashgar 844000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Zhi Lin Liang
- Orthopedics Center, First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashgar 844000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Linlin Chen
- Nanjing Genebios Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanjing 21100, China
| | - Ai Ke Bai Er Tu Xun
- Orthopedics Center, First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashgar 844000, Xinjiang, China
| | | | - Yuan Quan Wu
- Orthopedics Center, First People's Hospital of Kashgar, Kashgar 844000, Xinjiang, China.
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Mou X, Miao W, Zhang W, Wang W, Ma Q, Du Z, Li X, Huang N, Yang Z. Zwitterionic polymers-armored amyloid-like protein surface combats thrombosis and biofouling. Bioact Mater 2024; 32:37-51. [PMID: 37810990 PMCID: PMC10556425 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteins, cells and bacteria adhering to the surface of medical devices can lead to thrombosis and infection, resulting in significant clinical mortality. Here, we report a zwitterionic polymers-armored amyloid-like protein surface engineering strategy we called as "armored-tank" strategy for dual functionalization of medical devices. The "armored-tank" strategy is realized by decoration of partially conformational transformed LZM (PCTL) assembly through oxidant-mediated process, followed by armoring with super-hydrophilic poly-2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (pMPC). The outer armor of the "armored-tank" shows potent and durable zone defense against fibrinogen, platelet and bacteria adhesion, leading to long-term antithrombogenic properties over 14 days in vivo without anticoagulation. Additionally, the "fired" PCTL from "armored-tank" actively and effectively kills both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial over 30 days as a supplement to the lacking bactericidal functions of passive outer armor. Overall, this "armored-tank" surface engineering strategy serves as a promising solution for preventing biofouling and thrombotic occlusion of medical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Mou
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Wan Miao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Wentai Zhang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Wenxuan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Qing Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Zeyu Du
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Nan Huang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Advanced Technology of Materials of Education Ministry, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Dongguan Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials and Regenerative Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523000, China
- Department of Cardiology, Third People's Hospital of Chengdu Affiliated to Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
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Nazli A, Tao W, You H, He X, He Y. Treatment of MRSA Infection: Where are We? Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:4425-4460. [PMID: 38310393 DOI: 10.2174/0109298673249381231130111352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of septicemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, skin and soft tissue infections, bone and joint infections, and hospital-acquired infections. In particular, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is associated with high morbidity and mortality, and continues to be a major public health problem. The emergence of multidrug-resistant MRSA strains along with the wide consumption of antibiotics has made anti-MRSA treatment a huge challenge. Novel treatment strategies (e.g., novel antimicrobials and new administrations) against MRSA are urgently needed. In the past decade, pharmaceutical companies have invested more in the research and development (R&D) of new antimicrobials and strategies, spurred by favorable policies. All research articles were collected from authentic online databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, by using different combinations of keywords, including 'anti-MRSA', 'antibiotic', 'antimicrobial', 'clinical trial', 'clinical phase', clinical studies', and 'pipeline'. The information extracted from articles was compared to information provided on the drug manufacturer's website and Clinical Trials.gov (https://clinicaltrials.gov/) to confirm the latest development phase of anti-MRSA agents. The present review focuses on the current development status of new anti-MRSA strategies concerning chemistry, pharmacological target(s), indications, route of administration, efficacy and safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics, and aims to discuss the challenges and opportunities in developing drugs for anti-MRSA infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adila Nazli
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Wenlan Tao
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Hengyao You
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Chongqing School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS Chongqing), Chongqing, 400714, China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 401331, China
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Woudt SH, Schoffelen AF, Frakking FN, Reuland EA, Severin JA, den Drijver M, Haenen A, Nonneman MM, Notermans DW, Aan de Stegge DC, de Stoppelaar SF, Vandenbroucke-Grauls CM, de Greeff SC. Description of a nationwide structure for monitoring nosocomial outbreaks of (highly resistant) microorganisms in the Netherlands: characteristics of outbreaks in 2012-2021. Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:143. [PMID: 38066583 PMCID: PMC10709896 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01350-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before 2012, established national surveillance systems in the Netherlands were not able to provide a timely, comprehensive epidemiological view on nosocomial outbreaks. The Healthcare-associated Infections and AntiMicrobial Resistance Monitoring Group (SO-ZI/AMR) was initiated in 2012 for timely national nosocomial outbreak monitoring and risk assessment. This paper aims to describe the achievements of the SO-ZI/AMR by presenting characteristics of outbreaks reported in 2012-2021. METHODS Hospitals and, since 2015, long-term care facilities (LTCF) were requested to report outbreaks when (1) continuity of care was threatened, or (2) transmission continued despite control measures. A multi-disciplinary expert panel (re-)assessed the public health risk of outbreaks during monthly meetings, using 5 severity phases and based on data collected via standardised questionnaires. We descriptively studied the panel's consensus-based severity classification, distribution of (highly resistant) microorganisms, and duration and size of outbreaks between April 2012 and December 2021. RESULTS In total, 353 hospital outbreaks and 110 LTCF outbreaks were reported. Most outbreaks (hospitals: n = 309 (88%), LTCF: n = 103 (94%)) did not progress beyond phase 1 (no public health implications, outbreak expected to be controlled within two months), one hospital outbreak reached phase 4 (insufficient/ineffective response: possible public health threat, support offered). Highly resistant microorganisms (HRMO) were involved in 269 (76%) hospital and 103 (94%) LTCF outbreaks. Most outbreaks were caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA; n = 93 (26%) in hospitals, n = 80 (72%) in LTCF), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE; n = 116 (33%) in hospitals, n = 2 (2%) in LTCF) and highly resistant Enterobacterales (n = 41 (12%) in hospitals, n = 20 (18%) in LTCF). Carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria were involved in 32 (9.1%) hospital and five (4.5%) LTCF outbreaks. In hospitals, VRE outbreaks had the longest duration (median 2.3; range 0.0-22.8 months) and widest range of affected patients (median 9; range 2-483). CONCLUSIONS The SO-ZI/AMR provided national insight into the characteristics of nosocomial outbreaks over the past decade. HRMO outbreaks - mostly caused by MRSA, VRE (in hospitals) and highly resistant Enterobacterales - occurred regularly, but most of them were controlled quickly and did not develop into a public health threat. The SO-ZI/AMR has become a solid monitoring body, essential to assess risks and raise awareness of potential HRMO threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sjoukje Hs Woudt
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Annelot F Schoffelen
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Florine Nj Frakking
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - E Ascelijn Reuland
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Saltro Diagnostic Center for Primary Care, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Juliëtte A Severin
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marije den Drijver
- Department of Infection Control, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja Haenen
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | - Daan W Notermans
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Sacha F de Stoppelaar
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Infectious diseases department, Amsterdam Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Christina Mje Vandenbroucke-Grauls
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sabine C de Greeff
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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Ambade SS, Gupta VK, Bhole RP, Khedekar PB, Chikhale RV. A Review on Five and Six-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Targeting the Penicillin-Binding Protein 2 (PBP2A) of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Molecules 2023; 28:7008. [PMID: 37894491 PMCID: PMC10609489 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common human pathogen. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections pose significant and challenging therapeutic difficulties. MRSA often acquires the non-native gene PBP2a, which results in reduced susceptibility to β-lactam antibiotics, thus conferring resistance. PBP2a has a lower affinity for methicillin, allowing bacteria to maintain peptidoglycan biosynthesis, a core component of the bacterial cell wall. Consequently, even in the presence of methicillin or other antibiotics, bacteria can develop resistance. Due to genes responsible for resistance, S. aureus becomes MRSA. The fundamental premise of this resistance mechanism is well-understood. Given the therapeutic concerns posed by resistant microorganisms, there is a legitimate demand for novel antibiotics. This review primarily focuses on PBP2a scaffolds and the various screening approaches used to identify PBP2a inhibitors. The following classes of compounds and their biological activities are discussed: Penicillin, Cephalosporins, Pyrazole-Benzimidazole-based derivatives, Oxadiazole-containing derivatives, non-β-lactam allosteric inhibitors, 4-(3H)-Quinazolinones, Pyrrolylated chalcone, Bis-2-Oxoazetidinyl macrocycles (β-lactam antibiotics with 1,3-Bridges), Macrocycle-embedded β-lactams as novel inhibitors, Pyridine-Coupled Pyrimidinones, novel Naphthalimide corbelled aminothiazoximes, non-covalent inhibitors, Investigational-β-lactam antibiotics, Carbapenem, novel Benzoxazole derivatives, Pyrazolylpyridine analogues, and other miscellaneous classes of scaffolds for PBP2a. Additionally, we discuss the penicillin-binding protein, a crucial target in the MRSA cell wall. Various aspects of PBP2a, bacterial cell walls, peptidoglycans, different crystal structures of PBP2a, synthetic routes for PBP2a inhibitors, and future perspectives on MRSA inhibitors are also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha S. Ambade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MH, India (P.B.K.)
| | - Vivek Kumar Gupta
- Department of Biochemistry, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases (ICMR), Agra 282004, UP, India
| | - Ritesh P. Bhole
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India
- Dr. D. Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pimpri, Pune 411018, MH, India
| | - Pramod B. Khedekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur 440033, MH, India (P.B.K.)
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8
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Detection of Oxacillin/Cefoxitin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Present in Recurrent Tonsillitis. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030615. [PMID: 36985189 PMCID: PMC10055619 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Recurrent tonsillitis is one of the most common diseases in childhood, caused many times by ß-lactam-resistant S. aureus. The objective of this study was to investigate an alternative method to identify resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin in S. aureus from hospitalized children with recurrent tonsillitis. Methods: The samples of S. aureus came from patients with recurrent tonsillitis and were used in 16S rRNA sequencing and an antibiogram test for identification and verifying resistance, after which HSI methodology were applied for separation of S. aureus resistances. Results: The S. aureus isolated showed sensitivity to oxacillin/cefoxitin and the diagnostic images show a visual description of the resistance different groups formed, that may be related to sensitivity and resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin, characterizing the MRSA S. aureus. Conclusions: Samples that showed phenotypic resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin were clearly separated from samples that did not show this resistance. A PLS-DA model predicted the presence of resistance to oxacillin/cefoxitin in S. aureus samples and it was possible to observe the pixels classified as MRSA. The HSI was able to successfully discriminate samples in replicas that were sensitive and resistant, based on the calibration model it received.
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Zhang Y, Zhou J, Wu JL, Ma JC, Wang H, Wen J, Huang S, Lee M, Bai X, Cui ZK. Intrinsic antibacterial and osteoinductive sterosomes promote infected bone healing. J Control Release 2023; 354:713-725. [PMID: 36702258 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Open fractures and internal fixation implants are often accompanied by bacterial infection, leading to osteomyelitis, characterized by intractable bone infection and sequestrum formation, and can result in lifelong disability or fatal sepsis. As common clinical treatment strategies, high-dose antibiotic application and autologous bone transplantation face the risk of recurrence and donor site injury. Herein, we designed and prepared a novel drug delivery system by rational selection of the antibacterial single-chain amphiphile (cetylpyridinium chloride, CPC) and osteoinductive sterol (20S-hydroxycholesterol, Oxy) to formulate CPC/Oxy sterosomes. We demonstrate their excellent biocompatibility and antibacterial ability through 2D and 3D settings in vitro. In addition, the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells was investigated in cell monolayers and a hydrogel environment. Moreover, a rat infected critical-sized calvarial defect model was employed to illustrate the effects of antibacterial and osteogenic CPC/Oxy sterosomes in vivo. Our results showed that CPC/Oxy sterosomes not only exterminated bacterial infections, but also enhanced calvarial healing without additional antibiotics, bone formation promoters or exogenous cells. This research provides a promising and effective multifunctional sterosomal platform for the treatment of infected bone defects, with the potential to be combined with therapeutic genes, and small molecule drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jiao-Lan Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jian-Chao Ma
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Jing Wen
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shen Huang
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Min Lee
- Division of Advanced Prosthodontics, University of California Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Xiaochun Bai
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhong-Kai Cui
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China; Department of Spine Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 342800, China.
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10
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Ong'era E, Kagira J, Maina N, Kiboi D, Waititu K, Michira L, Ngotho M. Prevalence and Potential Risk Factors for the Acquisition of Antibiotic-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. Bacteria Among Pastoralist Farmers in Kajiado Central Subcounty, Kenya. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 2023:3573056. [PMID: 37082192 PMCID: PMC10113052 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3573056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing health problem globally. To address this challenge, there is a need to generate baseline data on the prevalence and AMR profile of the main disease-causing bacteria. Here, we interrogated the prevalence of bacteria in the nasal cavity of healthy pastoralists in Kajiado Central Subcounty, Kenya, and the occurrence of AMR in Staphylococcus isolates among the study subjects. Nasal swabs from 176 pastoralists were cultured, and the bacteria isolates identified using standard phenotypic and biochemical bacteriological methods. Among the obtained 195 isolates, the most prevalent isolates were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) (44.9%), followed by Enterococci spp. (43.2%) while Staphylococcus aureus prevalence was 8%. Antimicrobial sensitivity of the Staphylococcus spp. isolates to 14 antibiotics representing six antibiotic groups was undertaken using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Among the CoNS, the highest resistance was reported in amoxicillin (78.7%) and ceftazidime (76%), while the most resistance for S. aureus was reported in ceftazidime (100%), amoxicillin (71.4%), and streptomycin (71.4%). From an administered questionnaire looking at gender, animal contact frequency, history of hospital visitation and antibiotic usage, and habitual intake of raw milk, the study showed that male participants had a higher risk of carrying multiple drug resistant (MDR) bacteria than females (p = 0.02, OR = 1.3). Likewise, habitual intake of raw milk was significantly associated MDR acquisition (p = 0.02, OR = 1.82). This study reveals a high prevalence of AMR Staphylococcus isolates in the study area laying a foundation for further analysis of molecular characterization of the observed resistance as well as the development of interventions that can reduce the occurrence of AMR in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidah Ong'era
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - John Kagira
- Department of Animal Sciences, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Naomi Maina
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Daniel Kiboi
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Kenneth Waititu
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Primate Research, P.O. Box 24481 Karen 00502 Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Lynda Michira
- Department of Biochemistry, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 62000-00200
| | - Maina Ngotho
- Department of Clinical Studies, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya P.O. Box 30197-GPO
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11
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Combination with a FtsZ inhibitor potentiates the in vivo efficacy of oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Med Chem Res 2022; 31:1705-1715. [PMID: 37065467 PMCID: PMC10104549 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02960-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxacillin is a first-line antibiotic for the treatment of methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) infections but is ineffective against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) due to resistance. Here we present results showing that co-administering oxacillin with the FtsZ-targeting prodrug TXA709 renders oxacillin efficacious against MRSA. The combination of oxacillin and the active product of TXA709 (TXA707) is associated with synergistic bactericidal activity against clinical isolates of MRSA that are resistant to current standard-of-care antibiotics. We show that MRSA cells treated with oxacillin in combination with TXA707 exhibit morphological characteristics and PBP2 mislocalization behavior similar to that exhibited by MSSA cells treated with oxacillin alone. Co-administration with TXA709 renders oxacillin efficacious in mouse models of both systemic and tissue infection with MRSA, with this efficacy being observed at human-equivalent doses of oxacillin well below that recommended for daily adult use. Pharmacokinetic evaluations in mice reveal that co-administration with TXA709 also increases total exposure to oxacillin. Viewed as a whole, our results highlight the clinical potential of repurposing oxacillin to treat MRSA infections through combination with a FtsZ inhibitor.
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12
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Yimana M, Tesfaye J. Isolation, identification and antimicrobial profile of methicillin‐resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
from bovine mastitis in and around Adama, Central Ethiopia. Vet Med Sci 2022; 8:2576-2584. [DOI: 10.1002/vms3.902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhabaw Yimana
- Addis Ababa University College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary public health Debrezeit Ethiopia
- Sekota Agricultural Bureau, Animal health case team Sekota Ethiopia
| | - Juhar Tesfaye
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Werer Agricultural Research Center, Animal health research department Werer Ethiopia
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13
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Zhang X, He J, Qiao L, Wang Z, Zheng Q, Xiong C, Yang H, Li K, Lu C, Li S, Chen H, Hu X. 3D
printed
PCLA
scaffold with nano‐hydroxyapatite coating doped green tea
EGCG
promotes bone growth and inhibits multidrug‐resistant bacteria colonization. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13289. [PMID: 35791492 PMCID: PMC9528762 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangchun Zhang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Jian He
- College of Medical, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Liang Qiao
- The First Affiliated Hospital College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang People's Republic of China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Qinqin Zheng
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Chengdong Xiong
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu Sichuan China
| | - Hui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases and West China Hospital of Stomatology Sichuan University Chengdu China
| | - Kainan Li
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University Chengdu China
| | - Chengyin Lu
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Sanqiang Li
- College of Medical, Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang China
| | - Hongping Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou China
| | - Xulin Hu
- Clinical Medical College and Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu University Chengdu China
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14
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Zhou Z, Li J, Tan L, Liu X, Zheng Y, Cui Z, Li C, Yeung KWK, Li Z, Liang Y, Zhu S, Wu S. Using tea nanoclusters as β-lactamase inhibitors to cure multidrug-resistant bacterial pneumonia: A promising therapeutic strategy by Chinese materioherbology. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 2:496-504. [PMID: 38933406 PMCID: PMC11197604 DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
β-lactamase, a kind of hydrolase in multi-drug resistant pathogens, can hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics and make these kinds of antibiotics invalid. Small-molecular inhibitors about the enzyme and their mechanism are widely investigated but they may result in unavoidable adverse reactions and drug-resistance. Herein, we propose a new therapeutic strategy of Chinese materioherbology, in which herbal medicine or traditional Chinese medicinal herbs can be employed as biological functional materials or refreshed/excited by means of materialogy. Natural tea nanoclusters (TNCs) were extracted from tea to inhibit β-lactamase. Different from the mechanism of small-molecular inhibitors inhibiting enzymes by binding to the corresponding active sites, the TNCs as a cap cover the protein pocket and create a spatial barrier between the active sites and antibiotics, which was named "capping-pocket" effect. TNCs were combined with amoxicillin sodium (Amo) to treat the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) pneumonia in mice. This combinatorial therapy remarkably outperforms antibiotic monotherapy in reducing MRSA infections and the associated inflammation in mice. The therapeutic strategy exhibited excellent biosafety, without any side effects, even in piglets. Hence, TNCs have great clinical value in potentiating β-lactam antibiotic activity for combatting multi-drug resistant pathogen infections and the "pocket capping" effect can guide the design of new enzyme inhibitors in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziao Zhou
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lei Tan
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xiangmei Liu
- Biomedical Materials Engineering Research Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials Co-constructed by the Province and Ministry, Hubei Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, Ministry-of-Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yufeng Zheng
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhenduo Cui
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changyi Li
- Stomatological Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, No. 12, Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kelvin Wai Kwok Yeung
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Zhaoyang Li
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanqin Liang
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shengli Zhu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Shuilin Wu
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, the Key Laboratory of Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology by the Ministry of Education of China, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
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15
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Mou X, Zhang H, Qiu H, Zhang W, Wang Y, Xiong K, Huang N, Santos HA, Yang Z. Mussel-Inspired and Bioclickable Peptide Engineered Surface to Combat Thrombosis and Infection. RESEARCH 2022; 2022:9780879. [PMID: 35515702 PMCID: PMC9034468 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9780879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Thrombosis and infections are the two major complications associated with extracorporeal circuits and indwelling medical devices, leading to significant mortality in clinic. To address this issue, here, we report a biomimetic surface engineering strategy by the integration of mussel-inspired adhesive peptide, with bio-orthogonal click chemistry, to tailor the surface functionalities of tubing and catheters. Inspired by mussel adhesive foot protein, a bioclickable peptide mimic (DOPA)4-azide-based structure is designed and grafted on an aminated tubing robustly based on catechol-amine chemistry. Then, the dibenzylcyclooctyne (DBCO) modified nitric oxide generating species of 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) chelated copper ions and the DBCO-modified antimicrobial peptide (DBCO-AMP) are clicked onto the grafted surfaces via bio-orthogonal reaction. The combination of the robustly grafted AMP and Cu-DOTA endows the modified tubing with durable antimicrobial properties and ability in long-term catalytically generating NO from endogenous s-nitrosothiols to resist adhesion/activation of platelets, thus preventing the formation of thrombosis. Overall, this biomimetic surface engineering technology provides a promising solution for multicomponent surface functionalization and the surface bioengineering of biomedical devices with enhanced clinical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Mou
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Åbo Akademi University, Turku Biosciences Center, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Hua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Wentai Zhang
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Kaiqin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Hélder A. Santos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and W.J. Kolff Institute for Biomedical Engineering and Materials Science, University Medical Center Groningen/University of Groningen, Ant. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, Netherlands
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Affiliated Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523059, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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16
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Kapali S, Pokhrel A, Bastola A, Tuladhar R, Joshi DR. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in people living with HIV and healthy people in Kathmandu, Nepal. Future Sci OA 2022; 8:FSO769. [PMID: 35070354 PMCID: PMC8765096 DOI: 10.2144/fsoa-2021-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to compare methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and healthy people from Kathmandu. METHODS MRSA isolated from 400 nasal swabs was screened using a cefoxitin disc and confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene. RESULTS MRSA nasal carriers among the PLHIV and control cohorts were 3.5% (7 out of 200) and 5.0% (10 out of 200), respectively. All the MRSA from PLHIV and most of MRSA from healthy controls were PVL positive. Longer duration of antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces the risk of MRSA nasal colonization in PLHIV. CONCLUSION There is no significant difference in MRSA nasal colonization in PLHIV and healthy controls in this study region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samjhana Kapali
- Central Department of Microbiology, Institute of Science & Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44613, Nepal
| | - Anil Pokhrel
- Central Department of Microbiology, Institute of Science & Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44613, Nepal
| | - Anup Bastola
- Department of Dermatology & Sexually Transmitted Infections, Sukraraj Tropical & Infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu, 44600, Nepal
| | - Reshma Tuladhar
- Central Department of Microbiology, Institute of Science & Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44613, Nepal
| | - Dev Raj Joshi
- Central Department of Microbiology, Institute of Science & Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, 44613, Nepal
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17
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Singh S, Numan A, Somaily HH, Gorain B, Ranjan S, Rilla K, Siddique HR, Kesharwani P. Nano-enabled strategies to combat methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 129:112384. [PMID: 34579903 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has become a threat to global health because of limited treatments. MRSA infections are difficult to treat due to increasingly developing resistance in combination with protective biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Nanotechnology-based research revealed that effective MRSA treatments could be achieved through targeted nanoparticles (NPs) that withstand biological films and drug resistance. Thus, the principal aim towards improving MRSA treatment is to advance drug delivery tools, which successfully address the delivery-related problems. These potential delivery tools would also carry drugs to the desired sites of therapeutic action to overcome the adverse effects. This review focused on different types of nano-engineered carriers system for antimicrobial agents with improved therapeutic efficacy of entrapped drugs. The structural characteristics that play an essential role in the effectiveness of delivery systems have also been addressed with a description of recent scientific advances in antimicrobial treatment, emphasizing challenges in MRSA treatments. Consequently, existing gaps in the literature are highlighted, and reported contradictions are identified, allowing for the development of roadmaps for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Singh
- IES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Kalkheda, Ratibad Main Road, Bhopal 462044, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Arshid Numan
- Graphene & Advanced 2D Materials Research Group (GAMRG), School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, No. 5, Jalan University, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Hamoud H Somaily
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P. O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bapi Gorain
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor 47500, Malaysia
| | - Sanjeev Ranjan
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rilla
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Hifzur R Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
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18
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Davis MD, Lohm D, Flowers P, Whittaker A. The immune self, hygiene and performative virtue in general public narratives on antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance. Health (London) 2021; 27:491-507. [PMID: 34541910 DOI: 10.1177/13634593211046832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This paper employs an assemblage lens to generate analyses of general public narratives on antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Global efforts to reduce AMR include communications aiming to promote general public awareness, provide knowledge, encourage careful antibiotics use, and discourage demands for them. These efforts are somewhat compromised by the assumptions they make of individual lack of knowledge and motivation and the manner in which the AMR problem is framed in isolation from the biological, social and economic structures that produce it. Conceptualising AMR as an effect of antimicrobial assemblages of which publics are but one part, we analysed interviews with the general public on the lived experience of infections, antibiotic treatments and AMR. Far from science and policy discourse on AMR, these narratives showed antibiotics to be partly solutions to the social and biomedical challenges of infection, framed by self-defensive immunity and hygiene, the affective benefits of 'immune boosting', and the imperative to sustain the moral standing of the healthy citizen. Failing public awareness and action on AMR can be attributed to public health messages that overlook the social, affective and moral dimensions of infection care and separate AMR from its socio-economic drivers.
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19
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Ndayishimiye J, Cao Y, Kumeria T, Blaskovich MAT, Falconer JR, Popat A. Engineering mesoporous silica nanoparticles towards oral delivery of vancomycin. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:7145-7166. [PMID: 34525166 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01430g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Vancomycin (Van) is a key antibiotic of choice for the treatment of systemic methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. However, due to its poor membrane permeability, it is administered parenterally, adding to the cost and effort of treatment. The poor oral bioavailability of Van is mainly due to its physico-chemical properties that limit its paracellular and transcellular transport across gastrointestinal (GI) epithelium. Herein we report the development of silica nanoparticles (SNPs)-based formulations that are able to enhance the epithelial permeability of Van. We synthesized SNPs of different pore sizes (2 nm and 9 nm) and modified their surface charge and polarity by attaching different functional groups (-NH2, -PO3, and -CH3). Van was loaded within these SNPs at a loading capacity in the range of ca. 18-29 wt%. The Van-loaded SNPs exhibited a controlled release behaviour when compared to un-encapsulated Van which showed rapid release due to its hydrophilic nature. Among Van-loaded SNPs, SNPs with large pores showed a prolonged release compared to SNPs with small pores while SNPs functionalised with -CH3 groups exhibited a slowest release among the functionalised SNPs. Importantly, Van-loaded SNPs, especially the large pore SNPs with negative charge, enhanced the permeability of Van across an epithelial cell monolayer (Caco-2 cell model) by up to 6-fold, with Papp values up to 1.716 × 10-5 cm s-1 (vs. 0.304 × 10-5 cm s-1 for un-encapsulated Van) after 3 h. The enhancement was dependent on both the type of SNPs and their surface functionalisation. The permeation enhancing effect of SNPs was due to its ability to transiently open the tight junctions measured by decrease in transepithelial resistance (TEER) which was reversible after 3 h. All in all, our data highlights the potential of SNPs (especially SNPs with large pores) for oral delivery of Van or other antimicrobial peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Ndayishimiye
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Yuxue Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Tushar Kumeria
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark A T Blaskovich
- Centre for Superbug Solutions, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - James Robert Falconer
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia.
| | - Amirali Popat
- School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Australia Centre of Excellence, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia. .,Mater Research Institute - The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent St, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
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20
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Kumar M, Mathur T, Barman TK, Chaira T, Kumar R, Joshi V, Pandya M, Sharma L, Fujii K, Bandgar M, Jadhav B, Bambal R, Upadhyay D, Masuda N, Verma AK, Bhatnagar PK. Novel FtsZ inhibitor with potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:2867-2874. [PMID: 34383913 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkab270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES FtsZ is an essential bacterial protein and an unexplored target for the development of antibacterial drugs. The development of a novel inhibitor targeting FtsZ offers a potential opportunity to combat drug resistance. DS01750413, a new derivative of PC190723, is a novel FtsZ inhibitor with improved in vitro and in vivo activity. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of DS01750413 against Staphylococcus spp., including MRSA, in in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS In vitro activities of DS01750413 and standard-of-care antibiotics were evaluated against clinical isolates of Gram-positive pathogens. The in vivo efficacy was evaluated in a murine systemic infection model caused by MRSA. RESULTS DS01750413 showed potent in vitro activity against MRSA clinical isolates with MIC ranges of 0.5-1 mg/L and also demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal killing. In the murine bacteraemia infection model of MRSA, treatment with DS01750413 resulted in prolonged survival of animals compared with placebo-treated animals and exhibited a significant reduction in the bacterial load in liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys. CONCLUSIONS DS01750413 showed encouraging in vitro and in vivo activity against MRSA. As a novel chemical class, DS01750413 has the potential to become clinically viable antibiotics to address the drug resistance problem by its unique novel targeting mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Kumar
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Tarun Mathur
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Tarani Kanta Barman
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Tridib Chaira
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Ram Kumar
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Vattan Joshi
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Manisha Pandya
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Lalima Sharma
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Kunihiko Fujii
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Mahadev Bandgar
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Balasaheb Jadhav
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Ramesh Bambal
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Dilip Upadhyay
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Nobuhisa Masuda
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Ashwani Kumar Verma
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
| | - Pradip Kumar Bhatnagar
- Daiichi Sankyo India Pharma Private Limited, Village Sarhaul, Sector-18, Udyog Vihar Industrial Area, Gurgaon 122 015, Haryana, India
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21
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Khare T, Anand U, Dey A, Assaraf YG, Chen ZS, Liu Z, Kumar V. Exploring Phytochemicals for Combating Antibiotic Resistance in Microbial Pathogens. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:720726. [PMID: 34366872 PMCID: PMC8334005 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.720726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance or microbial drug resistance is emerging as a serious threat to human healthcare globally, and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains are imposing major hurdles to the progression of drug discovery programs. Newer antibiotic-resistance mechanisms in microbes contribute to the inefficacy of the existing drugs along with the prolonged illness and escalating expenditures. The injudicious usage of the conventional and commonly available antibiotics in human health, hygiene, veterinary and agricultural practices is proving to be a major driver for evolution, persistence and spread of antibiotic-resistance at a frightening rate. The drying pipeline of new and potent antibiotics is adding to the severity. Therefore, novel and effective new drugs and innovative therapies to treat MDR infections are urgently needed. Apart from the different natural and synthetic drugs being tested, plant secondary metabolites or phytochemicals are proving efficient in combating the drug-resistant strains. Various phytochemicals from classes including alkaloids, phenols, coumarins, terpenes have been successfully demonstrated their inhibitory potential against the drug-resistant pathogens. Several phytochemicals have proved effective against the molecular determinants responsible for attaining the drug resistance in pathogens like membrane proteins, biofilms, efflux pumps and bacterial cell communications. However, translational success rate needs to be improved, but the trends are encouraging. This review highlights current knowledge and developments associated challenges and future prospects for the successful application of phytochemicals in combating antibiotic resistance and the resistant microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar Khare
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India.,Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences and the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Ethnopharmacology and Natural Product Research Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, India
| | - Yehuda G Assaraf
- The Fred Wyszkowski Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Zhe-Sheng Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, United States
| | - Zhijun Liu
- Department of Microbiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Modern College of Arts, Science and Commerce (Savitribai Phule Pune University), Pune, India.,Department of Environmental Science, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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22
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Nankam WLN, Kwetche PRF, Tazemda-Kuitsouc GB, Chouna GJD, Tekam JM. Hospitalization and colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the surgical department of 03 health facilities in the Ndé division, West-Cameroon. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2021; 20:48. [PMID: 34281527 PMCID: PMC8290526 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-021-00451-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Commensal flora colonization during hospitalization by bacteria is the first step for nosocomial infections while antibiotic resistance reduces therapeutic options. In aim to control this phenomenon, we initiated this study to describe the impact of hospitalization on colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in the surgical department of 03 health facilities in the Ndé division, West-Cameroon. Methods This study was carried out on patients admitted for surgery in 03 health facilities of the Ndé division, West-Cameroon (District Hospital of Bangangté, Protestant Hospital of Bangwa and Cliniques Universitaires des Montagnes). After obtaining ethical clearance and authorizations, nasal swabs were performed at admission and discharge, with the aim of isolating bacteria and performing their antibiotic susceptibility tests. Informations on each participant's antibiotic therapy were recorded. Laboratory investigations were carried out according to standard protocols (CASFM, 2019). Results The most commonly used antibiotics were β-lactams. A total of 104 nasal swabs were performed on 52 patients who agreed to participate to the study. From the analysis, 110 (57 at admission versus 53 at discharge) Staphylococcus isolates were obtained. Overall, susceptibility testing showed that antibiotic resistance rates were higher at discharge than at admission; with significant differences between the susceptibility profiles obtained at admission and discharge for β-lactams and not significant for fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides. Globally, frequency of nasal carriage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at discharge 16 (30.77%) was significantly higher than at admission 07 (13.46%) with Chi-2 = 4.52 and p = 0.0335. Conclusion The high rates of antibiotic resistance of bacteria isolated at discharge compared to those isolated at admission obtained in the present investigation, highlights the important role that hospitalization plays in the selection and dissemination of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and colonization by these bacteria in health structures of Ndé division. As a result, further investigations to find the factors that promote this phenomenon should be carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Lelorel Nguekap Nankam
- School of Medical Biology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université Des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon. .,Laboratory of Microbiology, Université Des Montagnes Teaching Hospital, Bangangté, Cameroon.
| | - Pierre René Fotsing Kwetche
- School of Medical Biology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université Des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Université Des Montagnes Teaching Hospital, Bangangté, Cameroon.,School of Pharmacy, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université Des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon.,School of Human Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université Des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - Gildas Boris Tazemda-Kuitsouc
- School of Medical Biology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université Des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon.,School of Human Medicine, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université Des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon.,Réseau Des Hygiénistes du Cameroun, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - Golda Joyce Djeutsa Chouna
- School of Medical Biology, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université Des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Microbiology, Université Des Montagnes Teaching Hospital, Bangangté, Cameroon
| | - Jean Michel Tekam
- School of Pharmacy, Higher Institute of Health Sciences, Université Des Montagnes, Bangangté, Cameroon
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23
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Zuo XY, Gao H, Gao ML, Jin Z, Tang YZ. Antibacterial Activity of a Promising Antibacterial Agent: 22-(4-(2-(4-Nitrophenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-acetyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-22-deoxypleuromutilin. Molecules 2021; 26:3502. [PMID: 34201372 PMCID: PMC8227856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel pleuromutilin derivative, 22-(4-(2-(4-nitrophenyl-piperazin-1-yl)-acetyl)-piperazin-1-yl)-22-deoxypleuromutilin (NPDM), was synthesized in our laboratory and proved excellent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In this study, more methods were used to further study its preliminary pharmacological effect. The antibacterial efficacy and toxicity of NPDM were evaluated using tiamulin as the reference drug. The in vitro antibacterial activity study showed that NPDM is a potent bactericidal agent against MRSA that induced time-dependent growth inhibition and a concentration-dependent post-antibiotic effect (PAE). Toxicity determination showed that the cytotoxicity of NPDM was slightly higher than that of tiamulin, but the acute oral toxicity study proved that NPDM was a low-toxic compound. In an in vivo antibacterial effect study, NPDM exhibited a better therapeutic effect than tiamulin against MRSA in a mouse thigh infection model as well as a mouse systemic infection model with neutropenia. The 50% effective dose (ED50) of NPDM in a Galleria mellonella infection model was 50.53 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetic properties of NPDM were also measured, which showed that NPDM was a rapid elimination drug in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Yi Zuo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (H.G.); (M.-L.G.); (Z.J.)
| | - Hong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (H.G.); (M.-L.G.); (Z.J.)
| | - Mei-Ling Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (H.G.); (M.-L.G.); (Z.J.)
| | - Zhen Jin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (H.G.); (M.-L.G.); (Z.J.)
| | - You-Zhi Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmaceutics Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (X.-Y.Z.); (H.G.); (M.-L.G.); (Z.J.)
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
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24
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Yu H, Qiu H, Ma W, Maitz MF, Tu Q, Xiong K, Chen J, Huang N, Yang Z. Endothelium-Mimicking Surface Combats Thrombosis and Biofouling via Synergistic Long- and Short-Distance Defense Strategy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2100729. [PMID: 33991047 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202100729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Thrombosis and infections are the main causes of implant failures (e.g., extracorporeal circuits and indwelling medical devices), which induce significant morbidity and mortality. In this work, an endothelium-mimicking surface is engineered, which combines the nitric oxide (NO)-generating property and anti-fouling function of a healthy endothelium. The released gas signal molecules NO and the glycocalyx matrix macromolecules hyaluronic acid (HA) jointly combine long- and short-distance defense actions against thrombogenicity and biofouling. The biomimetic surface is efficiently fabricated by cografting a NO-generating species (i.e., Tri-tert-butyl 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetate-chelated Cu2+ , DTris@Cu) and the macromolecular HA on an aminated tube surface through one-pot amide condensation chemistry. The active attack (i.e., NO release) and zone defense (i.e., HA tethering) system endow the tubing surface with significant inhibition of platelets, fibrinogen, and bacteria adhesion, finally leading to long-term anti-thrombogenic and anti-fouling properties over 1 month. It is envisioned that this endothelium-mimicking surface engineering strategy will provide a promising solution to address the clinical issues of long-term blood-contacting devices associated with thrombosis and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Yu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Hua Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Wenmei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
- Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Strasse 6, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Qiufen Tu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Kaiqin Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Nan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
| | - Zhilu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Yibin Institute of Southwest Jiaotong University, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China
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25
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Bueso-Bordils JI, Alemán-López PA, Martín-Algarra R, Duart MJ, Falcó A, Antón-Fos GM. Molecular Topology for the Search of New Anti-MRSA Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115823. [PMID: 34072353 PMCID: PMC8199290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The variability of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), its rapid adaptive response against environmental changes, and its continued acquisition of antibiotic resistance determinants have made it commonplace in hospitals, where it causes the problem of multidrug resistance. In this study, we used molecular topology to develop several discriminant equations capable of classifying compounds according to their anti-MRSA activity. Topological indices were used as structural descriptors and their relationship with anti-MRSA activity was determined by applying linear discriminant analysis (LDA) on a group of quinolones and quinolone-like compounds. Four extra equations were constructed, named DFMRSA1, DFMRSA2, DFMRSA3 and DFMRSA4 (DFMRSA was built in a previous study), all with good statistical parameters, such as Fisher-Snedecor F (>68 in all cases), Wilk's lambda (<0.13 in all cases), and percentage of correct classification (>94% in all cases), which allows a reliable extrapolation prediction of antibacterial activity in any organic compound. The results obtained clearly reveal the high efficiency of combining molecular topology with LDA for the prediction of anti-MRSA activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose I. Bueso-Bordils
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities C/Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain; (P.A.A.-L.); (R.M.-A.); (M.J.D.); (G.M.A.-F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-96-1369000
| | - Pedro A. Alemán-López
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities C/Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain; (P.A.A.-L.); (R.M.-A.); (M.J.D.); (G.M.A.-F.)
| | - Rafael Martín-Algarra
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities C/Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain; (P.A.A.-L.); (R.M.-A.); (M.J.D.); (G.M.A.-F.)
| | - Maria J. Duart
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities C/Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain; (P.A.A.-L.); (R.M.-A.); (M.J.D.); (G.M.A.-F.)
| | - Antonio Falcó
- ESI International Chair@CEU-UCH, Departamento de Matemáticas, Física y Ciencias Tecnológicas, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities San Bartolomé 55, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain;
| | - Gerardo M. Antón-Fos
- Departamento de Farmacia, Universidad Cardenal Herrera-CEU, CEU Universities C/Ramón y Cajal s/n, 46115 Alfara del Patriarca, Valencia, Spain; (P.A.A.-L.); (R.M.-A.); (M.J.D.); (G.M.A.-F.)
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26
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Tesfaye K, Gizaw Z, Haile AF. Prevalence of Mastitis and Phenotypic Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Lactating Dairy Cows of Selected Dairy Farms in and Around Adama Town, Central Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH INSIGHTS 2021; 15:11786302211021297. [PMID: 34103935 PMCID: PMC8165823 DOI: 10.1177/11786302211021297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergence of Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) poses a serious public health threat. Strains of Staphylococcus aureus resistant to β-lactam antibiotics are known as MRSA. MRSA has gained attention as community pathogen. MRSA has been increasingly reported as emerging problem in veterinary medicine. However, little is known in Ethiopia. This study was, therefore, conducted to identify MRSA, to determine its drug susceptibility patterns, and mastitis infection in dairy cattle in and around Adama town, Central Ethiopia. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the occurrence of MRSA in mastitic dairy cows in and around Adama town, central Ethiopia. A total of 384 lactating cows were included from the conveniently selected dairy farms in the study area. Approximately 10 ml of milk was aseptically collected from clinical and subclinical mastitic cows into sterile universal bottles after discarding the first 3 milking streams. Then, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated using the conventional bacteriological procedure. Resistance to methicillin was detected using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion antibiotic susceptibility method. Oxacillin disc was used to detect methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was conducted against MRSA strains using streptomycin (S, 10 µg), amoxicillin (Am, 25 µg), kanamycin (k, 30 µg), nalidixic acid (NA, 30 µg), oxytetracycline (OT, 30 µg) sulphonamide (S, 300 µg) and ceftriazole (CRO, 30 µg). RESULTS The study found that the prevalence of mastitis was 121(31.5%). Among this 37(30.6%) were clinical mastitis and 84 (69.4%) of them were sub-clinical mastitis. Of 121 mastitis cases, Staphylococcus aureus was isolated in 37 (30.6%) of mastitic cow milk samples. The prevalence of mastitis was significantly affected by breed, age, floor type and hygienic status of the milkers (P < .05). Moreover, 32.4% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were resistant to oxacillin. A total of 75% percent of MRSA isolates were resistant to amoxicillin, 66.7% were resistant to oxytetracycline, and 50% were resistant to sulphonamide. However, 75% of MRSA isolates were susceptible to kanamycin, 58.3% were susceptible to streptomycin, and 50% were susceptible to nalidixic acid. CONCLUSION The study revealed that relatively high number of strains are resistant to the antibiotics commonly used in the therapeutic protocol of many human and animal infections. Therefore, antimicrobial susceptibility test should be carried out at a regular basis and proper hygienic practices should be introduced at farm level. Creating public awareness about transmission, prevention and control of MRSA should also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaleab Tesfaye
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Zemichael Gizaw
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health and Safety, Institute of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Aklilu Feleke Haile
- Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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27
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Feng T, Leptihn S, Dong K, Loh B, Zhang Y, Stefan MI, Li M, Guo X, Cui Z. JD419, a Staphylococcus aureus Phage With a Unique Morphology and Broad Host Range. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:602902. [PMID: 33967969 PMCID: PMC8100676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.602902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Phage therapy represents a possible treatment option to cure infections caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, including methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, to which most antibiotics have become ineffective. In the present study, we report the isolation and complete characterization of a novel phage named JD219 exhibiting a broad host range able to infect 61 of 138 clinical strains of S. aureus tested, which included MRSA strains as well. The phage JD419 exhibits a unique morphology with an elongated capsid and a flexible tail. To evaluate the potential of JD419 to be used as a therapeutic phage, we tested the ability of the phage particles to remain infectious after treatment exceeding physiological pH or temperature. The activity was retained at pH values of 6.0–8.0 and below 50°C. As phages can contain virulence genes, JD419’s complete genome was sequenced. The 45509 bp genome is predicted to contain 65 ORFs, none of which show homology to any known virulence or antibiotic resistance genes. Genome analysis indicates that JD419 is a temperate phage, despite observing rapid replication and lysis of host strains. Following the recent advances in synthetic biology, JD419 can be modified by gene engineering to remove prophage-related genes, preventing potential lysogeny, in order to be deployed as a therapeutic phage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Feng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sebastian Leptihn
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE), Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Belinda Loh
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE), Zhejiang University, Haining, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Melanie I Stefan
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute (ZJU-UoE), Zhejiang University, Haining, China.,Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mingyue Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, China.,School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zelin Cui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Fisher JF, Mobashery S. β-Lactams against the Fortress of the Gram-Positive Staphylococcus aureus Bacterium. Chem Rev 2021; 121:3412-3463. [PMID: 33373523 PMCID: PMC8653850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biological diversity of the unicellular bacteria-whether assessed by shape, food, metabolism, or ecological niche-surely rivals (if not exceeds) that of the multicellular eukaryotes. The relationship between bacteria whose ecological niche is the eukaryote, and the eukaryote, is often symbiosis or stasis. Some bacteria, however, seek advantage in this relationship. One of the most successful-to the disadvantage of the eukaryote-is the small (less than 1 μm diameter) and nearly spherical Staphylococcus aureus bacterium. For decades, successful clinical control of its infection has been accomplished using β-lactam antibiotics such as the penicillins and the cephalosporins. Over these same decades S. aureus has perfected resistance mechanisms against these antibiotics, which are then countered by new generations of β-lactam structure. This review addresses the current breadth of biochemical and microbiological efforts to preserve the future of the β-lactam antibiotics through a better understanding of how S. aureus protects the enzyme targets of the β-lactams, the penicillin-binding proteins. The penicillin-binding proteins are essential enzyme catalysts for the biosynthesis of the cell wall, and understanding how this cell wall is integrated into the protective cell envelope of the bacterium may identify new antibacterials and new adjuvants that preserve the efficacy of the β-lactams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed F Fisher
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
| | - Shahriar Mobashery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, McCourtney Hall, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame Indiana 46556, United States
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29
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Jiang H, Wang K, Yan M, Ye Q, Lin X, Chen L, Ye Y, Zhang L, Liu J, Huang T. Pathogenic and Virulence Factor Detection on Viable but Non-culturable Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:630053. [PMID: 33841357 PMCID: PMC8027501 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Food safety and foodborne infections and diseases have been a leading hotspot in public health, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been recently documented to be an important foodborne pathogen, in addition to its recognition to be a leading clinical pathogen for some decades. Standard identification for MRSA has been commonly performed in both clinical settings and food routine detection; however, most of such so-called "standards," "guidelines," or "gold standards" are incapable of detecting viable but non-culturable (VBNC) cells. In this study, two major types of staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), staphylococcal enterotoxins A (sea) and staphylococcal enterotoxins B (seb), as well as the panton-valentine leucocidin (pvl) genes, were selected to develop a cross-priming amplification (CPA) method. Limit of detection (LOD) of CPA for sea, seb, and pvl was 75, 107.5, and 85 ng/μl, indicating that the analytical sensitivity of CPA is significantly higher than that of conventional PCR. In addition, a rapid VBNC cells detection method, designated as PMA-CPA, was developed and further applied. PMA-CPA showed significant advantages when compared with PCR assays, in terms of rapidity, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Compared with conventional VBNC confirmation methods, the PMA-CPA showed 100% accordance, which had demonstrated that the PMA-CPA assays were capable of detecting different toxins in MRSA in VBNC state. In conclusion, three CPA assays were developed on three important toxins for MRSA, and in combination with PMA, the PMA-CPA assay was capable of detecting virulent gene expression in MRSA in the VBNC state. Also, the above assays were further applied to real samples. As concluded, the PMA-CPA assay developed in this study was capable of detecting MRSA toxins in the VBNC state, representing first time the detection of toxins in the VBNC state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Jiang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Muxia Yan
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Ye
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojing Lin
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Ye
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Haematology, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Junyan Liu,
| | - Tengyi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Tengyi Huang,
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Zhang W, Wu Y, Liu L, Xiao X, Cong Z, Shao N, Qiao Z, Chen K, Liu S, Zhang H, Ji Z, Shao X, Dai Y, He H, Xia J, Fei J, Liu R. The membrane-targeting mechanism of host defense peptides inspiring the design of polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles exhibiting effective antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:5092-5101. [PMID: 34128037 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00533b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections are a grand challenge to global medical and health systems. Therefore, it is urgent to develop versatile antibacterial strategies that can combat bacterial resistance without displaying toxicity. Here, we synthesize antibacterial polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles that exhibit potent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated multiple drug resistance Gram-positive bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and excellent in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility. The antibacterial mechanism study indicates that over-production of reactive oxygen species results in the killing of bacteria. The overall antibacterial performance of these polypeptide-conjugated gold nanoparticles and the convenient synthesis of these polypeptides via lithium hexamethyldisilazide-initiated fast ring-opening polymerization on α-amino acid N-carboxyanhydride imply the potential application of this strategy in treating bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Yueming Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Longqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ximian Xiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zihao Cong
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ning Shao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhongqian Qiao
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kang Chen
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Shiqi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Haodong Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Zhemin Ji
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shao
- Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Yidong Dai
- Shanghai Ruijin Rehabilitation Hospital, Shanghai 200023, China
| | - Hongyan He
- Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiang Xia
- Department of Chemistry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jian Fei
- Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Runhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China. and Key Laboratory for Ultrafine Materials of Ministry of Education, Frontiers Science Center for Materiobiology and Dynamic Chemistry, Research Center for Biomedical Materials of Ministry of Education, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Kannian P, Mohana S, Rohini MV, Punithavalli B, Gunasekaran P. Identification and evaluation of Anisochilus carnosus (L. fil.) Wall. as a novel candidate with therapeutic potential against multi-drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus. J Herb Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2020.100369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bebel A, Walsh MA, Mir-Sanchis I, Rice PA. A novel DNA primase-helicase pair encoded by SCC mec elements. eLife 2020; 9:55478. [PMID: 32945259 PMCID: PMC7581432 DOI: 10.7554/elife.55478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are a rich source of new enzymes, and conversely, understanding the activities of MGE-encoded proteins can elucidate MGE function. Here, we biochemically characterize three proteins encoded by a conserved operon carried by the Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome (SCCmec), an MGE that confers methicillin resistance to Staphylococcus aureus, creating MRSA strains. The first of these proteins, CCPol, is an active A-family DNA polymerase. The middle protein, MP, binds tightly to CCPol and confers upon it the ability to synthesize DNA primers de novo. The CCPol-MP complex is therefore a unique primase-polymerase enzyme unrelated to either known primase family. The third protein, Cch2, is a 3’-to-5’ helicase. Cch2 additionally binds specifically to a dsDNA sequence downstream of its gene that is also a preferred initiation site for priming by CCPol-MP. Taken together, our results suggest that this is a functional replication module for SCCmec.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Bebel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Melissa A Walsh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ignacio Mir-Sanchis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Phoebe A Rice
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
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Kadhum M, Sinclair P, Middleton C. The Use of Prophylactic Antibiotics in Surgery for Dupuytren's Disease: A Survey of Hand Surgeons. World J Plast Surg 2020; 9:135-140. [PMID: 32934923 PMCID: PMC7482531 DOI: 10.29252/wjps.9.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) CG74 has set out evidence-based guidance on which types of surgery require antibiotic prophylaxis. Our aim was to establish what the current practice for antibiotic prophylaxis in Dupuytren’s surgery is amongst hand surgeons in the United Kingdom, through the British Society for Surgery of the Hand (BSSH). METHODS Permission was granted for our online survey to be distributed to BSSH hand surgeons via consecutive BSSH e-bulletins. Hand surgeons who did not perform fasciectomy or dermofasciectomy were excluded from the study. RESULTS There were 64 respondents, represented an estimated 7.4-7.8% of membership. Eleven percent of respondents used antibiotics for fasciectomy, with an increasing trend towards revision surgery and dermofasciectomy. Over 30% prescribed them for revision dermofasciectomy. Dupuytren’s surgery was classified as clean, non-prosthetic and uncomplicated which NICE CG74 suggestions did not require antibiotic prophylaxis. CONCLUSION This study highlighted variation in practice amongst hand surgeons in the United Kingdom. Further consultation to create guidelines for hand surgery may help guide members and reduce potentially unnecessary prophylactic antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Kadhum
- Oxford University Clinical Academic Graduate School, University of Oxford, Oxford, England
| | - Pierre Sinclair
- Trauma and Orthopedics, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Oxford, England
| | - Claire Middleton
- Trauma and Orthopedics, Royal Berkshire Hospital, Reading, Oxford, England
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Panthee S, Paudel A, Hamamoto H, Uhlemann AC, Sekimizu K. The Role of Amino Acid Substitution in HepT Toward Menaquinone Isoprenoid Chain Length Definition and Lysocin E Sensitivity in Staphylococcus aureus. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:2076. [PMID: 32983054 PMCID: PMC7479192 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.02076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Staphylococcus aureus Smith strain is a historical strain widely used for research purposes in animal infection models for testing the therapeutic activity of antimicrobial agents. We found that it displayed higher sensitivity toward lysocin E, a menaquinone (MK) targeting antibiotic, compared to other S. aureus strains. Therefore, we further explored the mechanism of this hypersensitivity. METHODS MK production was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis. S. aureus Smith genome sequence was completed using a hybrid assembly approach, and the MK biosynthetic genes were compared with other S. aureus strains. The hepT gene was cloned and introduced into S. aureus RN4220 strain using phage mediated recombination, and lysocin E sensitivity was analyzed by the measurement of colony-forming units. RESULTS We found that Smith strain produced MKs with the length of the side chain ranging between 8 and 10, as opposed to other S. aureus strains that produce MKs 7-9. We revealed that Smith strain possessed the classical pathway for MK biosynthesis like the other S. aureus. HepT, a polyprenyl diphosphate synthase involved in chain elongation of isoprenoid, in Smith strain harbored a Q25P substitution. Introduction of hepT from Smith to RN4220 led to the production of MK-10 and an increased sensitivity toward lysocin E. CONCLUSION We found that HepT was responsible for the definition of isoprenoid chain length of MKs and antibiotic sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suresh Panthee
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Atmika Paudel
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hamamoto
- Teikyo University Institute of Medical Mycology, Hachioji, Japan
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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Hayakawa K, Yamaguchi T, Ono D, Suzuki H, Kamiyama J, Taguchi S, Kiyota K. Two Cases of Intrafamilial Transmission of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Producing Both PVL and TSST-1 Causing Fatal Necrotizing Pneumonia and Sepsis. Infect Drug Resist 2020; 13:2921-2927. [PMID: 32903848 PMCID: PMC7445494 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s262123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Staphylococcus aureus produces numerous toxins, such as toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) and Panton–Valentine leukocidin (PVL). We isolated community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) strains producing both TSST-1 and PVL isolated from severe necrotizing pneumonia cases in a Nepali family. Detection of these CA-MRSA strains is rare in the world, and infection with these strains can take a rapidly progressive and lethal course. In this study, we traced the clinical course of this case and conducted a genetic analysis of the isolated strains. Case Report We described 2 familial cases (a 20-year-old male and 61-year-old female) of severe necrotizing pneumonia caused by CA-MRSA with the TSST-1 and PVL genes. A 20-year-old Nepalese male was admitted to our hospital after a 3-day history of high fever and coughing. Despite resuscitation efforts, he died of multiple organ failure. A 61-year-old Nepalese female was admitted to our hospital with a complaint of high fever and dyspnea for 1 day. She was the grandmother of the male subject and mostly stayed at his residence in Japan. We administered intravenous antibiotics, including anti-MRSA antibiotics, and she improved in 2 weeks. The sequence type of the isolates was ST22/SCCmec type IVa, and the spa type was t005. The virulence genes detected were as follows: PVL gene (lukSF-pv), TSST-1 gene (tst-1), sec, seg, sei, sel, sem, sen, seo, and seu. ST22 was not the dominant CA-MRSA clone type in Japan. Some of the reports demonstrated that PVL-/TSST-1-positive ST22-MRSA strains are prevalent in Nepal. Therefore, the MRSA strains were thought to be acquired from Nepal. Conclusion These cases highlight the emergence of TSST-1- and PVL-positive CA-MRSA infection and its association with life-threatening community-acquired necrotizing pneumonia. Clinicians should note the possibility of introducing MRSA strains from abroad and be aware of this illness to initiate appropriate treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsura Hayakawa
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Yamaguchi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Ono
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Suzuki
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jiro Kamiyama
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Shigemasa Taguchi
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kiyota
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, Saitama, Japan
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Diversity, Chemical Constituents and Biological Activities of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8060859. [PMID: 32517286 PMCID: PMC7356110 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8060859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a medicinal plant widely used for the treatment of various diseases. The secondary metabolites responsible for the pharmacological properties can be produced directly by the plant or by endophytic fungi. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diversity of endophytic fungi of different parts of S. terebinthifolius and to identify chemical compounds produced by endophytes and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. For this, fruits, stem bark and roots were dried, ground and placed in fungal growth medium. The selected endophytes were grown and subjected to extraction with ethyl acetate. DPPH, FRAP, β-carotene bleaching and antimicrobial assays were performed. The phylogenetic tree was elaborated, encompassing 15 different species. The fungal extracts showed hydroxybenzoic acids and 1-dodecanol as predominant compounds. All fungal extracts exhibited antioxidant activity. The fungal extracts exhibited bactericidal and bacteriostatic activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial ATCC strains and against methicillin-resistant nosocomial bacteria. Among the 10 endophytic fungi evaluated, the extract of the fungus Ochrocladosporium elatum showed higher phenolic content and exhibited higher antioxidant and antibacterial activities in all tests. Together, the results increase the known diversity of S. terebinthifolius endophytic fungi, secondary metabolites produced and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities.
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da Cunha MG, de Cássia Orlandi Sardi J, Freires IA, Franchin M, Rosalen PL. Antimicrobial, anti-adherence and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus of a 4-phenyl coumarin derivative isolated from Brazilian geopropolis. Microb Pathog 2020; 139:103855. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Ou A, Wang K, Mao Y, Yuan L, Ye Y, Chen L, Zou Y, Huang T. First Report on the Rapid Detection and Identification of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Viable but Non-culturable (VBNC) Under Food Storage Conditions. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:615875. [PMID: 33488559 PMCID: PMC7817642 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.615875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Formation of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) status in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has never been reported, and it poses a significant concern for food safety. Thus, this study aimed to firstly develop a rapid, cost-effective, and efficient testing method to detect and differentiate MRSA strains in the VBNC state and further apply this in real food samples. Two targets were selected for detection of MRSA and toxin, and rapid isothermal amplification detection assays were developed based on cross-priming amplification methodology. VBNC formation was performed for MRSA strain in both pure culture and in artificially contaminated samples, then propidium monoazide (PMA) treatment was further conducted. Development, optimization, and evaluation of PMA-crossing priming amplification (CPA) were further performed on detection of MRSA in the VBNC state. Finally, application of PMA-CPA was further applied for detection on MRSA in the VBNC state in contaminated food samples. As concluded in this study, formation of the VBNC state in MRSA strains has been verified, then two PMA-CPA assays have been developed and applied to detect MRSA in the VBNC state from pure culture and food samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aifen Ou
- Department of Food, Guangzhou City Polytechnic, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kan Wang
- Center for Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yanxiong Mao
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yanrui Ye
- School of Biological Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yimin Zou
- Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease of Zhejiang Province, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yimin Zou,
| | - Tengyi Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Tengyi Huang,
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Lim CM, Li MX, Joung YK. Surface-Modifying Polymers for Blood-Contacting Polymeric Biomaterials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1250:189-198. [PMID: 32601946 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3262-7_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bulk blending is considered as one of the most effective and straightforward ways to improve the hemo-compatibility of blood-contacting polymeric biomaterials among many surface modification methods. Zwitterionic structure-, glycocalyx-like structure-, and heparin-like structure-based oligomers have been synthesized as additives and blended with base polymers to improve the blood compatibility of base polymers. Fluorinated end- and side-functionalized oligomers could promote the migration of functionalized groups to the surface of biomedical polymers without changing their bulk properties, and it highly depends on the number and concentration of functional groups. Moreover, oligomers having both zwitterion and fluorine are receiving considerable attention due to their desirable phase separation, which can avoid undesired protein adsorption and platelet adhesion. The surface analysis of the surface-modified materials is usually investigated by analytical tools such as contact angle measurement, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Blood compatibility is mainly evaluated via platelet adhesion and protein adsorption test, and the result showed a significant decrease in the amount of undesirable adsorption. These analyses indicated that surface modification using bulk blending technique effectively improves blood compatibility of polymeric biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Man Lim
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mei-Xian Li
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Ki Joung
- Center for Biomaterials, Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Deajeon, Republic of Korea.
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Rončević T, Puizina J, Tossi A. Antimicrobial Peptides as Anti-Infective Agents in Pre-Post-Antibiotic Era? Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5713. [PMID: 31739573 PMCID: PMC6887943 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resistance to antibiotics is one of the main current threats to human health and every year multi-drug resistant bacteria are infecting millions of people worldwide, with many dying as a result. Ever since their discovery, some 40 years ago, the antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) of innate defense have been hailed as a potential alternative to conventional antibiotics due to their relatively low potential to elicit resistance. Despite continued effort by both academia and start-ups, currently there are still no antibiotics based on AMPs in use. In this study, we discuss what we know and what we do not know about these agents, and what we need to know to successfully translate discovery to application. Understanding the complex mechanics of action of these peptides is the main prerequisite for identifying and/or designing or redesigning novel molecules with potent biological activity. However, other aspects also need to be well elucidated, i.e., the (bio)synthetic processes, physiological and pathological contexts of their activity, and a quantitative understanding of how physico-chemical properties affect activity. Research groups worldwide are using biological, biophysical, and algorithmic techniques to develop models aimed at designing molecules with the necessary blend of antimicrobial potency and low toxicity. Shedding light on some open questions may contribute toward improving this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Rončević
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
- Laboratory for Aquaculture, Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Jasna Puizina
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia;
| | - Alessandro Tossi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria: Mechanisms, Evolution, and Persistence. J Mol Evol 2019; 88:26-40. [PMID: 31659373 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-019-09914-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 284] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, we have seen antimicrobial resistance rapidly emerge at a global scale and spread from one country to the other faster than previously thought. Superbugs and multidrug-resistant bacteria are endemic in many parts of the world. There is no question that the widespread use, overuse, and misuse of antimicrobials during the last 80 years have been associated with the explosion of antimicrobial resistance. On the other hand, the molecular pathways behind the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in bacteria were present since ancient times. Some of these mechanisms are the ancestors of current resistance determinants. Evidently, there are plenty of putative resistance genes in the environment, however, we cannot yet predict which ones would be able to be expressed as phenotypes in pathogenic bacteria and cause clinical disease. In addition, in the presence of inhibitory and sub-inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in natural habitats, one could assume that novel resistance mechanisms will arise against antimicrobial compounds. This review presents an overview of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, and describes how these have evolved and how they continue to emerge. As antimicrobial strategies able to bypass the development of resistance are urgently needed, a better understanding of the critical factors that contribute to the persistence and spread of antimicrobial resistance may yield innovative perspectives on the design of such new therapeutic targets.
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Zheng Y, Qin C, Zhang X, Zhu Y, Li A, Wang M, Tang Y, Kreiswirth BN, Chen L, Zhang H, Du H. The tst gene associated Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity island facilitates its pathogenesis by promoting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and inducing immune suppression. Microb Pathog 2019; 138:103797. [PMID: 31614194 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2019.103797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important pathogen causing various limited or systemic infections. Methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in particular presents a major clinical and public health problem. Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) encoded by the gene tst is an important virulence factor of tst positive S. aureus, leading to multi-organ malfunction. However, the mechanism of TSST-1 in pathogenesis is only partly clear. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of the tst gene in clinical isolates of S. aureus. Then, animal experiments were performed to further evaluate the influence of the presence of the tst gene associated Staphylococcus aureus Pathogenicity Island (SaPI) on body weight, serum cytokine concentrations and the bacterial load in different organs. In addition, macrophages were used to analyze the secretion of cytokines in vitro and bacterial survival in the cytoplasm. Finally, pathological analysis was carried out to evaluate organ tissue impairment. The results demonstrated that the prevalence of tst gene was approximately 17.8% of the bacterial strains examined. BALB/c mice infected with tst gene associated SaPI positive isolates exhibited a severe loss of body weight and a high bacterial load in the liver, heart, kidney and spleen. Pathological analysis demonstrated that tissue impairment was more severe after infection with tst gene associated SaPI positive isolates. Moreover, the secretion of IL-6, IL-2 and IL17A by macrophages infected with tst gene associated SaPI positive isolates clearly increased. Notably, IL-6 secretion in BALB/c mice infected with tst gene associated SaPI positive isolates was higher than that in BALB/c mice infected with negative ones. Together, these results indicated that the tst gene associated SaPI may play a critical role in the pathological process of infection via a direct and persistent toxic function, and by promoting the secretion of inflammatory cytokines that indirectly induce immune suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, PR China
| | - Chenhao Qin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, PR China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- School of Psychiatry, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637007, PR China
| | - Aiqing Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, PR China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, PR China
| | - Yiwei Tang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Barry N Kreiswirth
- Public Health Research Institute Tuberculosis Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Public Health Research Institute Tuberculosis Center, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07103, USA
| | - Haifang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, PR China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215004, PR China.
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Duncan LR, Smith CJ, Flamm RK, Mendes RE. Regional analysis of telavancin and comparator antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus collected in the USA 2014-2016. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2019; 20:118-123. [PMID: 31325617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2019.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The in vitro antimicrobial activities of telavancin and comparator antimicrobials were evaluated against recent Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) clinical isolates collected in the United States of America (USA). METHODS A total of 15882 S. aureus isolates were collected (2014-2016) as part of the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program from sites located in all US Census Bureau divisions. Broth microdilution MIC values were measured using current reference methods. Data were stratified by year and census division, and resistance rates were analysed for significant trends. Previously published data on methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) MRSA isolates (collected 2011-2013) were merged with the current isolate set to examine longer term resistance trends. RESULTS Telavancin antimicrobial activity against MRSA and MDR MRSA isolates (MIC50/90 values, 0.03/0.06μg/mL for both subsets) remained unchanged over the 3-year surveillance period, and all isolates were susceptible to telavancin. No difference in telavancin activity was noted when MIC data were stratified by year or US Census Bureau division. When merged data (2011-2016) were analysed, the MRSA rate decreased for the entire USA and six individual census divisions, although the overall rate remained considerable. The overall US MDR MRSA rate also remained considerable and was unchanged from 2011-2016. CONCLUSIONS The sustained potent activity of telavancin against US S. aureus isolates (100% susceptible) and the high rates of MRSA and MDR MRSA in the USA support the continued use of telavancin to treat indicated serious infections caused by S. aureus.
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Mir M, Kordi J, Ghalehnoo ZR, Tadjrobehkar O, Vaez H. Nasal Carriage and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Clinical Staff of a Referral Hospital, Zabol, Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BASIC SCIENCE IN MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/ijbsm.2019.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is known as the causative agent of various infections in humans, and the nasal cavity is the main anatomical site for storing and spreading this pathogen in health care workers (HCWs) in hospital settings. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains are resistant to many antibiotics. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antibiotic resistance patterns of S. aureus strains isolated from the nasal carriage of HCWs in a referral hospital in Zabol. Methods: A total of 277 HCWs of Amir-Al-Momenin hospital of Zabol participated voluntarily in this study from March to September 2017. Demographic information was collected using questionnaire. Bacterial isolates were collected from anterior nasal canal using cotton swabs. MRSA isolates were detected by Oxacillin Screen agar and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Antibiotic resistance was assessed by the disk-diffusion method.Results: In total, 10.8% of HCWs were carriers of S. aureus and 46.7% of the isolates were found to be MRSA. Laboratory staffs were the most frequently colonized HCWs. All the isolates were susceptible to vancomycin, teicoplanin and gentamicin. The highest resistance rate (64.3%) of MRSA isolates was observed against erythromycin.Conclusion: Our findings showed that gentamycin and rifampin might be useful to eradicate S.aureus. Regular screening of HCWs and assessment of antibiotic resistance profile are essential to prevent MRSA dissemination in hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Mir
- Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Jalileh Kordi
- Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Zahra Rashki Ghalehnoo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Omid Tadjrobehkar
- Microbiology and Virology Department, Medical Faculty, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hamid Vaez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
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Askarinia M, Ganji A, Jadidi-Niaragh F, Hasanzadeh S, Mohammadi B, Ghalamfarsa F, Ghalamfarsa G, Mahmoudi H. A review on medicinal plant extracts and their active ingredients against methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus. JOURNAL OF HERBMED PHARMACOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.15171/jhp.2019.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is among the pathogens capable of developing a broad spectrum of infections in human beings. In addition to the hospital, the bacterium is present in the community and has a high resistance to antibiotics, which is also increasing on an ongoing basis. Resistance to β-lactam antibiotic family is one of the concerns about the bacterium that has encountered the treatment of such infections with difficulty. Due to the increased resistance and importance of this bacterium, new strategies are needed to control this pathogen. One of these approaches is the use of medicinal plants, which has attracted many researchers in the last decade. Several studies have been carried out or are being designed using various herbs to find active ingredients to deal with this bacterium. The aim of this study was to present the antibacterial activity of different medicinal plants and the effects of their active ingredients on methicillin-resistant and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus and to clarify the pathway to further studies in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Askarinia
- Student Research Committee, Yasuj University of medical sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ali Ganji
- Molecular and Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sajad Hasanzadeh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yasouj University of Medical Sciences, Yasouj, Iran
| | - Bahram Mohammadi
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Farideh Ghalamfarsa
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Ghasem Ghalamfarsa
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Hassan Mahmoudi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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The Continuing Threat of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2019; 8:antibiotics8020052. [PMID: 31052511 PMCID: PMC6627156 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics8020052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus has been an exceptionally successful pathogen, which is still relevant in modern age-medicine due to its adaptability and tenacity. This bacterium may be a causative agent in a plethora of infections, owing to its abundance (in the environment and in the normal flora) and the variety of virulence factors that it possesses. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains—first described in 1961—are characterized by an altered penicillin-binding protein (PBP2a/c) and resistance to all penicillins, cephalosporins, and carbapenems, which makes the β-lactam armamentarium clinically ineffective. The acquisition of additional resistance determinants further complicates their eradication; therefore, MRSA can be considered as the first representative of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Based on 230 references, the aim of this review is to recap the history, the emergence, and clinical features of various MRSA infections (hospital-, community-, and livestock-associated), and to summarize the current advances regarding MRSA screening, typing, and therapeutic options (including lipoglycopeptides, oxazolidinones, anti-MRSA cephalosporins, novel pleuromutilin-, tetracycline- and quinolone-derivatives, daptomycin, fusidic acid, in addition to drug candidates in the development phase), both for an audience of clinical microbiologists and infectious disease specialists.
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Klebsiella pneumonia carbapenemase (KPC), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) in the food production chain and biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces. Curr Opin Food Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cofs.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Rebić V, Budimir A, Aljicević M, Mahmutović Vranić S, Rebić D. Panton-Valentine leukocidin and staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec characterization of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Cent Eur J Public Health 2019; 27:58-63. [DOI: 10.21101/cejph.a4979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Tatiya-aphiradee N, Chatuphonprasert W, Jarukamjorn K. Anti-inflammatory effect of Garcinia mangostana Linn. pericarp extract in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-induced superficial skin infection in mice. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 111:705-713. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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The Effect of Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Wound Biofilms. Adv Skin Wound Care 2019; 31:361-364. [PMID: 30028372 DOI: 10.1097/01.asw.0000540070.07040.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofilm-associated wound infections are a major global health issue, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is among the greatest therapeutic challenges. Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy is now being revisited as an alternative treatment for both acute and chronic wounds. However, data supporting the concept of its antibiofilm effect remain limited. Using quantitative biofilm-forming assay and a range of genotypic methods (spa, SCCmec, and agr typing), study authors showed that VAC therapy can significantly prevent biofilm formation (P < .01) of a range of MRSA wound isolates differing widely in their biofilm-forming abilities and genetic background. The best effect was presented on CC5-MRSA-SCCmecI-agrII, a dominant MRSA clone among wound isolates worldwide. An assessment of effects of different protocols on dressing changes (1 or 2 times per week) demonstrated significantly greater antibiofilm activity (P < .05) of 3-day dressing changes. These findings support the use of VAC therapy as a topical antibiofilm treatment for the effective management of wound healing.
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