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Gravey F, Michel A, Langlois B, Gérard M, Galopin S, Gakuba C, Du Cheyron D, Fazilleau L, Brossier D, Guérin F, Giard JC, Le Hello S. Central role of the ramAR locus in the multidrug resistance in ESBL -Enterobacterales. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0354823. [PMID: 38916360 PMCID: PMC11302662 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03548-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the proportion of resistance to a temocillin, tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol phenotype called t2c2 that resulted from mutations within the ramAR locus among extended-spectrum β-lactamases-Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) isolated in three intensive care units for 3 years in a French university hospital. Two parallel approaches were performed on all 443 ESBL-E included: (i) the minimal inhibitory concentrations of temocillin, tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol were determined and (ii) the genomes obtained from the Illumina sequencing platform were analyzed to determine multilocus sequence types, resistomes, and diversity of several tetR-associated genes including ramAR operon. Among the 443 ESBL-E strains included, isolates of Escherichia coli (n = 194), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 122), and Enterobacter cloacae complex (Ecc) (n = 127) were found. Thirty-one ESBL-E strains (7%), 16 K. pneumoniae (13.1%), and 15 Ecc (11.8%) presented the t2c2 phenotype in addition to their ESBL profile, whereas no E. coli presented these resistances. The t2c2 phenotype was invariably reversible by the addition of Phe-Arg-β-naphthylamide, indicating a role of resistance-nodulation-division pumps in these observations. Mutations associated with the t2c2 phenotype were restricted to RamR, the ramAR intergenic region (IR), and AcrR. Mutations in RamR consisted of C- or N-terminal deletions and amino acid substitutions inside its DNA-binding domain or within key sites of protein-substrate interactions. The ramAR IR showed nucleotide substitutions involved in the RamR DNA-binding domain. This diversity of sequences suggested that RamR and the ramAR IR represent major genetic events for bacterial antimicrobial resistance.IMPORTANCEMorbimortality caused by infectious diseases is very high among patients hospitalized in intensive care units (ICUs). A part of these outcomes can be explained by antibiotic resistance, which delays the appropriate therapy. The transferable antibiotic resistance gene is a well-known mechanism to explain the high rate of multidrug resistance (MDR) bacteria in ICUs. This study describes the prevalence of chromosomal mutations, which led to additional antibiotic resistance among MDR bacteria. More than 12% of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae complex strains presented mutations within the ramAR locus associated with a dysregulation of an efflux pump called AcrAB-TolC and a porin: OmpF. These dysregulations led to an increase in antibiotic output notably tigecycline, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol associated with a decrease of input for beta-lactam, especially temocillin. Mutations within transcriptional regulators such as ramAR locus played a major role in antibiotic resistance dissemination and need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Gravey
- Department of Infectious Agents, Bacteriology, Université de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Alice Michel
- Univ de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, Caen, France
| | - Bénédicte Langlois
- Department of Infectious Agents, Bacteriology, Université de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Mattéo Gérard
- Univ de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, Caen, France
| | - Sébastien Galopin
- Univ de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, Caen, France
| | - Clément Gakuba
- Service de Réanimation Chirurgicale, Univ de Caen Normandie, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Damien Du Cheyron
- Service de Réanimation Médicale, Univ de Caen Normandie, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - Laura Fazilleau
- Service de Réanimation Néonatale, Univ de Caen Normandie, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - David Brossier
- Service de Réanimation Pédiatrique, Univ de Caen Normandie, CHU de Caen Normandie, Caen, France
| | - François Guérin
- Service de Bactériologie, CHU de Rennes Pontchaillou, Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Giard
- Univ de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, Caen, France
| | - Simon Le Hello
- Department of Infectious Agents, Bacteriology, Université de Caen Normandie, Univ Rouen Normandie, INSERM, Normandie Univ, DYNAMICURE UMR 1311, CHU Caen Normandie, Caen, France
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Hong Y, Wu Y, Xie Y, Ben L, Bu X, Pan X, Shao J, Dong Q, Qin X, Wang X. Effects of antibiotic-induced resistance on the growth, survival ability and virulence of Salmonella enterica. Food Microbiol 2023; 115:104331. [PMID: 37567636 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen that constitutes a major health hazard. The emergence and aggravation of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella has drawn attention widely around the world. Conducting a risk assessment of antibiotic-resistant foodborne pathogens throughout the food chain is a pressing requirement for ensuring food safety. The growth, survival capability, and virulence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella represent crucial biological characteristics that play an important role in microbial risk assessment. In this study, eight antibiotic-sensitive S. enterica strains were induced by Ampicillin (Amp) and Ciprofloxacin (CIP), respectively, and AMP-resistant and CIP-resistant mutants were obtained. The growth characteristics under different temperatures (25, 30, 35 °C), viability after exposure to heat (55, 57.5, 60 °C) and acid (HCl, pH = 3.0), the virulence potential (adhesion and invasion to Caco-2 cells, biofilm formation and motility) and the lethality in a model species (Galleria mellonella) were evaluated and compared for S. enterica strains before and after antibiotic exposure. The induction by AMP and CIP are likely to promote cross-antibiotic resistance to their antibiotic classes, β-lactams and quinolones, as well as some compound antibiotics. It was observed that generally the antibiotic-induction-resistant strains showed decreased growth ability and lower heat resistance, although the differences were not significant at all the conditions tested. The AMP-resistant strains were significantly less acid resistance than the sensitive and the CIP-resistant ones, while exhibiting increased biofilm formation ability. In general, the antibiotic-induced resistance did not significantly affect the motility, adherence, or invasion ability of Caco-2 cells. However, CIP-resistant strains displayed lower lethality in G. mellonella infection, whereas AMP-resistant strains did not, and even two strains improved lethality. The study of the biological characteristics of antibiotic-resistant S. enterica is essential in better understanding the microbial risks to both the food chain and human health, thereby facilitating a more accurate risk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yufan Wu
- Centre of Analysis and Test, School of Chemistry & Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yani Xie
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Leijie Ben
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangfeng Bu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinye Pan
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingdong Shao
- Technology Center of Zhangjiagang Customs, Suzhou, China
| | - Qingli Dong
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojie Qin
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China.
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Saha P, Rafe MR. Cyclodextrin: A prospective nanocarrier for the delivery of antibacterial agents against bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19287. [PMID: 37662769 PMCID: PMC10472013 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry introduces us to the macrocyclic host cyclodextrin, which has a hydrophobic cavity. The hydrophobic cavity has a higher affinity for hydrophobic guest molecules and forms host-guest complexation with non-covalent interaction. Three significant cyclodextrin kinds are α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, and γ-cyclodextrin. The most often utilized is β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). An effective weapon against bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics is cyclodextrin. Several different kinds of cyclodextrin nanocarriers (β-CD, HP-β-CD, Meth-β-CD, cationic CD, sugar-grafted CD) are utilized to enhance the solubility, stability, dissolution, absorption, bioavailability, and permeability of the antibiotics. Cyclodextrin also improves the effectiveness of antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides, metallic nanoparticles, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Again, cyclodextrin nanocarriers offer slow-release properties for sustained-release formulations where steady-state plasma antibiotic concentration is needed for an extended time. A novel strategy to combat bacterial resistance is a stimulus (pH, ROS)-responsive antibiotics released from cyclodextrin carrier. Once again, cyclodextrin traps autoinducer (AI), a crucial part of bacterial quorum sensing, and reduces virulence factors, including biofilm formation. Cyclodextrin helps to minimize MIC in particular bacterial strains, keep antibiotic concentrations above MIC in the infection site and minimize the possibility of antibiotic and biofilm resistance. Sessile bacteria trapped in biofilms are more resistant to antibiotic therapy than bacteria in a planktonic form. Cyclodextrin also involves delivering antibiotics to biofilm and resistant bacteria to combat bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pranoy Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rajdoula Rafe
- Department of Pharmacy, Jagannath University, Dhaka, 1100, Bangladesh
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Hajiagha MN, Kafil HS. Efflux pumps and microbial biofilm formation. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2023:105459. [PMID: 37271271 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2023.105459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections are resistant forms of pathogens that are regarded as a medical problem, particularly due to the spread of multiple drug resistance. One of the factors associated with biofilm drug resistance is the presence of various types of efflux pumps in bacteria. Efflux pumps also play a role in biofilm formation by influencing Physical-chemical interactions, mobility, gene regulation, quorum sensing (QS), extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), and toxic compound extrusion. According to the findings of studies based on efflux pump expression analysis, their role in the anatomical position within the biofilm will differ depending on the biofilm formation stage, encoding gene expression level, the type and concentration of substrate. In some cases, the function of the efflux pumps can overlap with each other, so it seems necessary to accurate identify the efflux pumps of biofilm-forming bacteria along with their function in this process. Such studies will help to choose treatment strategy, at least in combination with antibiotics. Furthermore, if the goal of treatment is an efflux pump manipulation, we should not limit it to inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdyeh Neghabi Hajiagha
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Samadi Kafil
- Drug Applied Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Voss-Rech D, Ziech RE, Vaz CSL, Coldebella A, Kuchiishi SS, Balzan C, Matter L, Vargas ÁC, Botton SA. Association between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm forming ability of Salmonella enterica serotypes from commercial broiler farms in Brazil. Br Poult Sci 2022; 64:224-230. [PMID: 36259551 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2136511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. This study determined the antimicrobial resistance profile and the biofilm-forming ability of Salmonella enterica strains isolated from commercial broiler houses over a three-year period in southern Brazil. 2. Of the 720 drag swabs analysed, 37 (5.1%) tested positive for non-typhoidal Salmonella spp. and S. Heidelberg was the most frequent serovar. 3. Among the antimicrobial resistant strains (83.8%; 31/37), resistance was most common to tetracycline, ampicillin and nalidixic acid. Multidrug resistance was found in 65% (24/37) of the isolates, with a large proportion of multidrug resistant S. Heidelberg strains (81%; 13/16). 4. In total, 65% (24/37) of the isolates showed the ability to produce biofilm and multiple antimicrobial resistance was negatively correlated with biofilm formation. 5. Strains susceptible to all tested antimicrobials tended to form stronger biofilms than multidrug resistant ones. This suggested that Salmonella spp. with less antimicrobial resistance depend more on the protection provided by biofilm to survive in the farm environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Voss-Rech
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - R E Ziech
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - C S L Vaz
- Embrapa Suínos e Aves, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | | | - S S Kuchiishi
- Centro de Diagnóstico de Sanidade Animal, Concórdia, SC, Brazil
| | - C Balzan
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - L Matter
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Á C Vargas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - S A Botton
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Centro de Ciências Rurais, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium and Enteritidis Isolated from Raw Shrimp in Bangladesh: An Investigation Based on Molecular Characteristics, Survival, Virulence, Antibiotic Resistance, and Biofilm Formation Attributes. J FOOD QUALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/3420364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Shrimp is the white gold of Bangladesh, with the second-highest income source from exporting to foreign countries. Contamination with Salmonella spp. is now one of the significant issues for Bangladesh to export. Proper characterization of the salmonella pathogen is thus necessary to avoid undesirable losses due to the rejection of exported shrimp. In Bangladesh, the present condition of raw shrimp contamination with pathogenic Salmonella serovars and their survival/virulence properties was not adequately characterized. In this study, we collected 43 raw shrimps as samples from different farms in Jashore, Khulna, and Sathkhira regions. We then maintained standard cultural and biochemical protocols for isolating Salmonella strains, followed by the molecular identification of particular Salmonella serovars. The standard method for checking its credibility to form biofilm in 0–10% NaCl, tolerate acid/bile stress likewise in the gastrointestinal tract, and resist antimicrobial pressure was performed individually with the particular pathogenic strains. Our results successfully identified eleven Salmonella strains with three typhimurium serovars and three enteritidis serovars, which have biofilm-forming capability up to 4–8% NaCl, acid/bile habituation alike stomach/small intestine of humans, and resistance against necessary antibiotics generally used in treating human and poultry infection signifying the impending danger in the shrimp industry. While previous studies of Bangladesh successfully isolated Salmonella only presumptively, our research focused mainly on molecular characterization of the human Salmonella pathogen along with important survival and virulent attributes, such as biofilm formation, acid/bile tolerance, and antibiotic resistance of selected S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis strains. Further study with more sampling will be necessary to confer the transmission route of the pathogen from the natural reservoir to the shrimp industry.
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Characterization of Uropathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Serotypes, Resistance Phenotypes, and Virulence Genotypes. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major cause of urinary tract infections. This organism has extended resistance to antimicrobials along with multiple virulence factors, making it difficult to treat. In this study, 49 isolates from urine samples were identified as P. aeruginosa and serotyped by the slide agglutination method. The sensitivity of isolates against 10 antipseudomonal drugs was determined. Phenotypically, lipase, protease, hemolysin, and biofilm production were detected. Genes for the type III secretion system, elastase B, and exotoxin A were detected by PCR. Serotype O11 was the most predominant serotype among test isolates. High levels of resistance were observed against ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin, and piperacillin/tazobactam while 10.2% of isolates were resistant to amikacin. MDR was detected in 20.4% of the isolates and was significantly associated with strong biofilm producers. About 95.9% and 63.3% of P. aeruginosa isolates had proteolytic and lipolytic activity, respectively. Among the genes detected, the exoY gene was the most prevalent gene (79.6%), while the exoU gene was the least frequent one (10.2%). toxA and lasB genes were amplified in 63.27% and 75.5% of the isolates, respectively. In addition, the exoU gene was significantly associated with MDR isolates. The high incidence of exoS, exoT, exoY, lasB, and toxA genes in uropathogenic P. aeruginosa implies that these genes can be considered markers for virulent isolates. Furthermore, the coexistence of exoU and exoS genes, even in 6% of isolates, poses a significant treatment challenge because those isolates possess both the invasive and cytotoxic properties of both effector proteins.
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Qian W, Li X, Yang M, Liu C, Kong Y, Li Y, Wang T, Zhang Q. Relationship Between Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, and Biofilm-Specific Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Ningbo, China. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:2865-2878. [PMID: 35686192 PMCID: PMC9172925 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s363652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Weidong Qian
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinchen Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chanchan Liu
- Xi’an Medical College, Xi’an, 710309, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Kong
- Research Center for Tissue Repair and Regeneration Affiliated to the Medical Innovation Research Department, the General Hospital of the People’s Liberation Army, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongdong Li
- Ningbo Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, 315010, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Ting Wang; Qian Zhang, Tel +10 29-86168583, Email ;
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, 518004, People’s Republic of China
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Alzahrani NM, Booq RY, Aldossary AM, Bakr AA, Almughem FA, Alfahad AJ, Alsharif WK, Jarallah SJ, Alharbi WS, Alsudir SA, Alyamani EJ, Tawfik EA, Alshehri AA. Liposome-Encapsulated Tobramycin and IDR-1018 Peptide Mediated Biofilm Disruption and Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:960. [PMID: 35631547 PMCID: PMC9144307 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14050960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The inadequate eradication of pulmonary infections and chronic inflammation are significant complications in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, who usually suffer from persistent and frequent lung infections caused by several pathogens, particularly Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). The ability of pathogenic microbes to protect themselves from biofilms leads to the development of an innate immune response and antibiotic resistance. In the present work, a reference bacterial strain of P. aeruginosa (PA01) and a multidrug-resistant isolate (MDR 7067) were used to explore the microbial susceptibility to three antibiotics (ceftazidime, imipenem, and tobramycin) and an anti-biofilm peptide (IDR-1018 peptide) using the minimum inhibition concentration (MIC). The most effective antibiotic was then encapsulated into liposomal nanoparticles and the IDR-1018 peptide with antibacterial activity, and the ability to disrupt the produced biofilm against PA01 and MDR 7067 was assessed. The MIC evaluation of the tobramycin antibacterial activity showed an insignificant effect on the liposomes loaded with tobramycin and liposomes encapsulating tobramycin and IDR-1018 against both P. aeruginosa strains to free tobramycin. Nevertheless, the biofilm formation was significantly reduced (p < 0.05) at concentrations of ≥4 μg/mL and ≤32 μg/mL for PA01 and ≤32 μg/mL for MDR 7067 when loading tobramycin into liposomes, with or without the anti-biofilm peptide compared to the free antibiotic, empty liposomes, and IDR-1018-loaded liposomes. A tobramycin concentration of ≤256 µg/mL was safe when exposed to a lung carcinoma cell line upon its encapsulation into the liposomal formulation. Tobramycin-loaded liposomes could be a potential candidate for treating lung-infected animal models owing to the high therapeutic efficacy and safety profile of this system compared to the free administration of the antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouf M. Alzahrani
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Rayan Y. Booq
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Ahmad M. Aldossary
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Abrar A. Bakr
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Almughem
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Ahmed J. Alfahad
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Wijdan K. Alsharif
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Somayah J. Jarallah
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Waleed S. Alharbi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Samar A. Alsudir
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Essam J. Alyamani
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Essam A. Tawfik
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
| | - Abdullah A. Alshehri
- National Center of Biotechnology, Life Science and Environment Research Institute, King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology (KACST), Riyadh 11442, Saudi Arabia; (N.M.A.); (R.Y.B.); (A.M.A.); (A.A.B.); (F.A.A.); (A.J.A.); (W.K.A.); (S.J.J.); (S.A.A.); (E.J.A.)
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10
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Tuncer G, Aktas Z, Basaran S, Cagatay A, Eraksoy H. Biofilm formation of panresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:723-735. [PMID: 35443798 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2021-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The authors aimed to investigate the biofilm-forming features of panresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (PRKp). Material & methods: The biofilm formations were shown under light microscope and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The optical densities of the wells were measured and classified according to biofilm-forming capacities. Results: The ratio of biofilm-forming K. pneumoniae was established to be 100%. All isolates were found to form high-level biofilms in classification compared with positive and negative controls. No significant difference was detected in the biofilm-forming capacities of K. pneumoniae strains isolated from different sample types. Conclusion: No previous study associated with PRKp isolates was identified in the literature search. There is a need for different approaches characterizing the biofilm-forming features of PRKp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Tuncer
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
| | - Zerrin Aktas
- Department of Microbiology & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
| | - Seniha Basaran
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
| | - Atahan Cagatay
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
| | - Haluk Eraksoy
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, 34104, Turkey
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11
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Ahmed HY, Safwat N, Shehata R, Althubaiti EH, Kareem S, Atef A, Qari SH, Aljahani AH, Al-Meshal AS, Youssef M, Sami R. Synthesis of Natural Nano-Hydroxyapatite from Snail Shells and Its Biological Activity: Antimicrobial, Antibiofilm, and Biocompatibility. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:408. [PMID: 35448378 PMCID: PMC9025656 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12040408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (HAn) have been produced as biomaterial from biowaste, especially snail shells (Atactodea glabrata). It is critical to recycle the waste product in a biomedical application to overcome antibiotic resistance as well as biocompatibility with normal tissues. Moreover, EDX, TEM, and FT-IR analyses have been used to characterize snail shells and HAn. The particle size of HAn is about 15.22 nm. Furthermore, higher inhibitory activity was observed from HAn than the reference compounds against all tested organisms. The synthesized HAn has shown the lowest MIC values of about 7.8, 0.97, 3.9, 0.97, and 25 µg/mL for S. aureus, B. subtilis, K. pneumonia, C. albicans, and E. coli, respectively. In addition, the HAn displayed potent antibiofilm against S. aureus and B. subtilis. According to the MTT, snail shell and HAn had a minor influence on the viability of HFS-4 cells. Consequently, it could be concluded that some components of waste, such as snail shells, have economic value and can be recycled as a source of CaO to produce HAn, which is a promising candidate material for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanaa Y Ahmed
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Nesreen Safwat
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Reda Shehata
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Eman Hillal Althubaiti
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed Kareem
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Atef
- The Regional Center for Mycology and Biotechnology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Sameer H Qari
- Department of Biology, Al-Jumum University College, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani H Aljahani
- Department of Physical Sport Science, College of Education, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej Suliman Al-Meshal
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Youssef
- Food Science and Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11787, Egypt
| | - Rokayya Sami
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Ballén V, Gabasa Y, Ratia C, Sánchez M, Soto S. Correlation Between Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Determinants and Biofilm Formation Ability Among Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Catalonia, Spain. Front Microbiol 2022; 12:803862. [PMID: 35087504 PMCID: PMC8786794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.803862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Escherichia coli is a well-characterized bacterium highly prevalent in the human intestinal tract and the cause of many important infections. The aim of this study was to characterize 376 extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strains collected from four hospitals in Catalonia (Spain) between 2016 and 2017 in terms of antimicrobial resistance, siderophore production, phylogroup classification, and the presence of selected virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes. In addition, the association between these characteristics and the ability to form biofilms was also analyzed. The strains studied were classified into four groups according to their biofilm formation ability: non-biofilm formers (15.7%), weak (23.1%), moderate (35.6%), and strong biofilm formers (25.6%). The strains were highly resistant to ciprofloxacin (48.7%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (47.9%), and ampicillin (38%), showing a correlation between higher resistance to ciprofloxacin and lower biofilm production. Seventy-three strains (19.4%) were ESBL-producers. However, no relationship between the presence of ESBL and biofilm formation was found. The virulence factor genes fimH (92%), pgaA (84.6%), and irp1 (77.1%) were the most prevalent in all the studied strains. A statistically significant correlation was found between biofilm formation and the presence of iroN, papA, fimH, sfa, cnf, hlyA, iutA, and colibactin-encoding genes clbA, clbB, clbN, and clbQ. Interestingly, a high prevalence of colibactin-encoding genes (19.9%) was observed. Colibactin is a virulence factor, which interferes with the eukaryotic cell cycle and has been associated with colorectal cancer in humans. Most colibactin-encoding E. coli isolates belonged to phylogroup B2, exhibited low antimicrobial resistance but moderate or high biofilm-forming ability, and were significantly associated with most of the virulence factor genes tested. Additionally, the analysis of their clonal relatedness by PFGE showed 48 different clusters, indicating a high clonal diversity among the colibactin-positive strains. Several studies have correlated the pathogenicity of E. coli and the presence of virulence factor genes; however, colibactin and its relationship to biofilm formation have been scarcely investigated. The increasing prevalence of colibactin in E. coli and other Enterobacteriaceae and the recently described correlation with biofilm formation, makes colibactin a promising therapeutic target to prevent biofilm formation and its associated adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Ballén
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yaiza Gabasa
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Ratia
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Melany Sánchez
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Soto
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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13
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Chang MX, Zhang JF, Sun YH, Li RS, Lin XL, Yang L, Webber MA, Jiang HX. Contribution of Different Mechanisms to Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Salmonella spp. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:663731. [PMID: 34025618 PMCID: PMC8137344 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.663731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of fluoroquinolone resistance can involve several mechanisms that include chromosomal mutations in genes (gyrAB and parCE) encoding the target bacterial topoisomerase enzymes, increased expression of the AcrAB-TolC efflux system, and acquisition of transmissible quinolone-resistance genes. In this study, 176 Salmonella isolates from animals with a broad range of ciprofloxacin MICs were collected to analyze the contribution of these different mechanisms to different phenotypes. All isolates were classified according to their ciprofloxacin susceptibility pattern into five groups as follows: highly resistant (HR), resistant (R), intermediate (I), reduced susceptibility (RS), and susceptible (S). We found that the ParC T57S substitution was common in strains exhibiting lowest MICs of ciprofloxacin while increased MICs depended on the type of GyrA mutation. The ParC T57S substitution appeared to incur little cost to bacterial fitness on its own. The presence of PMQR genes represented an route for resistance development in the absence of target-site mutations. Switching of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) gene location from a plasmid to the chromosome was observed and resulted in decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility; this also correlated with increased fitness and a stable resistance phenotype. The overexpression of AcrAB-TolC played an important role in isolates with small decreases in susceptibility and expression was upregulated by MarA more often than by RamA. This study increases our understanding of the relative importance of several resistance mechanisms in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella from the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Xia Chang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Fei Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin-Huan Sun
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong-Sheng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ling Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mark A Webber
- Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom.,Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Hong-Xia Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Veterinary Drug Development and Safety Evaluation, College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou, China
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14
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Martínez-Puchol S, Riveros M, Ruidias K, Granda A, Ruiz-Roldán L, Zapata-Cachay C, Ochoa TJ, Pons MJ, Ruiz J. Dissemination of a multidrug resistant CTX-M-65 producer Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clone between marketed chicken meat and children. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 344:109109. [PMID: 33677191 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to characterize Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis isolated from chicken meat determining their clonal relationships with S. Infantis isolated from children with diarrhea. Fifteen meat-recovered S. Infantis were analyzed. Susceptibility levels to 14 antibacterial agents, the presence of ESBL and that of inducible plasmid-mediated AmpC (i-pAmpC) were determined by phenotypical methods. The presence of ESBL and pAmpC was confirmed by PCR, and detected ESBL-encoding genes were sequenced and their transferability tested by conjugation. The presence of gyrA mutations as well as Class 1 integrons was determined by PCR. Clonal relationships were established by REP-PCR and RAPD. In addition, 25 clinical isolates of S. Infantis were included in clonality studies. All meat-recovered S. Infantis were MDR, showing resistance to ampicillin, nitrofurans and quinolones, while none was resistant to azithromycin, ceftazidime or imipenem. ESBL (blaCTX-M-65) and i-pAmpC (blaDHA) were detected in 2 and 5 isolates respectively (in one case concomitantly), with blaCTX-M-65 being transferable through conjugation. In addition, 1 isolate presented a blaSHV gene. All isolates presented D87Y at GyrA, nalidixic acid active efflux pump and a Class 1 integron of ~1000 bp (aadA1). Clonal analysis showed that all isolates were related. Further they were identical to MDR blaCTX-M-65-producing S. Infantis isolates causing children diarrhea in Lima. The dissemination of MDR blaCTX-M-65-producing S. Infantis between marketed meat and children highlights a public health problem which needs be controlled at livestock level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maribel Riveros
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Kenny Ruidias
- Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru
| | - Ana Granda
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Lidia Ruiz-Roldán
- ISGlobal Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristhian Zapata-Cachay
- Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Theresa J Ochoa
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru; University of Texas, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maria J Pons
- ISGlobal Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- ISGlobal Hospital Clinic - Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, Peru.
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15
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Pompilio A, Ranalli M, Piccirilli A, Perilli M, Vukovic D, Savic B, Krutova M, Drevinek P, Jonas D, Fiscarelli EV, Tuccio Guarna Assanti V, Tavío MM, Artiles F, Di Bonaventura G. Biofilm Formation among Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Isolates Has Clinical Relevance: The ANSELM Prospective Multicenter Study. Microorganisms 2020; 9:microorganisms9010049. [PMID: 33375493 PMCID: PMC7823565 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to form biofilms is a recognized trait of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, but the extent of its clinical relevance is still unclear. The present multicenter prospective study (ANSELM) aims at investigating the association between biofilm formation and clinical outcomes of S. maltophilia infections. One hundred and nine isolates were collected from various geographical origins and stratified according to their clinical relevance. Biofilm formation was evaluated by the microtiter plate assay and correlated with microbiological and clinical data from the associated strains. Antibiotic susceptibility of the planktonic cells was tested by the disk diffusion technique, while antibiotic activity against mature biofilms was spectrophotometrically assessed. Most strains (91.7%) were able to form biofilm, although bloodborne strains produced biofilm amounts significantly higher than strains causing hospital- rather than community-acquired infections, and those recognized as “definite” pathogens. Biofilm formation efficiency was positively correlated with mechanical ventilation (p = 0.032), whereas a negative relationship was found with antibiotic resistance (r2 = 0.107; p < 0.001), specifically in the case of the pathogenic strains. Mature S. maltophilia biofilms were markedly more resistant (up to 128 times) to cotrimoxazole and levofloxacin compared with their planktonic counterparts, especially in the case of bloodborne strains. Our findings indicate that biofilm formation by S. maltophilia is obviously a contributing factor in the pathogenesis of infections, especially in deep ones, thus warranting additional studies with larger cohort of patients and isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Pompilio
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (G.D.B.)
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871-541519; Fax: +39-0871-541520
| | - Marco Ranalli
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (G.D.B.)
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessandra Piccirilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Mariagrazia Perilli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (A.P.); (M.P.)
| | - Dragana Vukovic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Branislava Savic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia; (D.V.); (B.S.)
| | - Marcela Krutova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Pavel Drevinek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Charles University, 15006 Prague, Czech Republic; (M.K.); (P.D.)
| | - Daniel Jonas
- University Freiburg—Medical Center, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Epidemiology, 79098 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Ersilia V. Fiscarelli
- Laboratory of Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.V.F.); (V.T.G.A.)
| | - Vanessa Tuccio Guarna Assanti
- Laboratory of Cystic Fibrosis Microbiology, “Bambino Gesù” Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (E.V.F.); (V.T.G.A.)
| | - María M. Tavío
- Microbiology, Clinical Science Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Fernando Artiles
- Microbiology & Parasitology Service, University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín, 35001 Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain;
| | - Giovanni Di Bonaventura
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.R.); (G.D.B.)
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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16
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Biot FV, Bachert BA, Mlynek KD, Toothman RG, Koroleva GI, Lovett SP, Klimko CP, Palacios GF, Cote CK, Ladner JT, Bozue JA. Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Surrogates of Francisella tularensis (LVS and Francisella novicida): Effects on Biofilm Formation and Fitness. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:593542. [PMID: 33193267 PMCID: PMC7661474 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.593542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis, the causative agent of tularemia, is capable of causing disease in a multitude of mammals and remains a formidable human pathogen due to a high morbidity, low infectious dose, lack of a FDA approved vaccine, and ease of aerosolization. For these reasons, there is concern over the use of F. tularensis as a biological weapon, and, therefore, it has been classified as a Tier 1 select agent. Fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides often serve as the first line of defense for treatment of tularemia. However, high levels of resistance to these antibiotics has been observed in gram-negative bacteria in recent years, and naturally derived resistant Francisella strains have been described in the literature. The acquisition of antibiotic resistance, either natural or engineered, presents a challenge for the development of medical countermeasures. In this study, we generated a surrogate panel of antibiotic resistant F. novicida and Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) by selection in the presence of antibiotics and characterized their growth, biofilm capacity, and fitness. These experiments were carried out in an effort to (1) assess the fitness of resistant strains; and (2) identify new targets to investigate for the development of vaccines or therapeutics. All strains exhibited a high level of resistance to either ciprofloxacin or streptomycin, a fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside, respectively. Whole genome sequencing of this panel revealed both on-pathway and off-pathway mutations, with more mutations arising in LVS. For F. novicida, we observed decreased biofilm formation for all ciprofloxacin resistant strains compared to wild-type, while streptomycin resistant isolates were unaffected in biofilm capacity. The fitness of representative antibiotic resistant strains was assessed in vitro in murine macrophage-like cell lines, and also in vivo in a murine model of pneumonic infection. These experiments revealed that mutations obtained by these methods led to nearly all ciprofloxacin resistant Francisella strains tested being completely attenuated while mild attenuation was observed in streptomycin resistant strains. This study is one of the few to examine the link between acquired antibiotic resistance and fitness in Francisella spp., as well as enable the discovery of new targets for medical countermeasure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice V Biot
- Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Département de Biologie des Agents Transmissibles, Unité de Bactériologie/UMR_MD1, Brétigny-sur-Orge, France
| | - Beth A Bachert
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Kevin D Mlynek
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Ronald G Toothman
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Galina I Koroleva
- Center for Genome Sciences, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Sean P Lovett
- Center for Genome Sciences, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher P Klimko
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Gustavo F Palacios
- Center for Genome Sciences, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Christopher K Cote
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jason T Ladner
- Center for Genome Sciences, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Joel A Bozue
- Bacteriology Division, U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD, United States
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17
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Dogan B, Zhang S, Kalla SE, Dogan EI, Guo C, Ang CR, Simpson KW. Molecular and Phenotypic Characterization of Escherichia coli Associated with Granulomatous Colitis of Boxer Dogs. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:E540. [PMID: 32854367 PMCID: PMC7559917 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Invasive Escherichia coli is causally associated with granulomatous colitis (GC) of Boxer dogs and French Bulldogs. The virulence determinants of GC E. coli are unclear. E. coli isolated from 16 GC (36 strains) and 17 healthy control (HC: 33 strains) dogs were diverse in phylogeny, genotype, and serotype and lacked diarrheagenic genes. Genes encoding type II (gsp), IV (traC), and VI (hcp) secretion systems, long polar fimbriae (lpfA154/141), and iron acquisition (fyuA, chuA) were frequent in GC and HC. E. coli from 14/15 GC and 10/11 HC invaded Caco-2 better than non-pathogenic E. coli strain DH5α, with invasion correlated with motility and presence of chuA and colV. E. coli from all GC and 10/11 HC survived better than DH5α in J774 macrophages, with adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) in 60% GC and 73% HC. AIEC replicated in monocyte derived macrophages from a GC Boxer with CD48/SLAM risk haplotype but not the HC. Fluroquinolone resistant E. coli were less motile and invasive than fluoroquinolone sensitive (p < 0.05), and only 1/8 resistant strains met criteria for AIEC. In conclusion GC E. coli are diverse, resemble extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC), including AIEC, and can replicate in GC-susceptible macrophages. They are likely resident pathosymbionts that can opportunistically persist within macrophages of a GC-susceptible dog.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kenneth W. Simpson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA; (B.D.); (S.Z.); (S.E.K.); (E.I.D.); (C.G.); (C.R.A.)
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18
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Zhang K, Li X, Yu C, Wang Y. Promising Therapeutic Strategies Against Microbial Biofilm Challenges. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2020; 10:359. [PMID: 32850471 PMCID: PMC7399198 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilms are communities of microorganisms that are attached to a biological or abiotic surface and are surrounded by a self-produced extracellular matrix. Cells within a biofilm have intrinsic characteristics that are different from those of planktonic cells. Biofilm resistance to antimicrobial agents has drawn increasing attention. It is well-known that medical device- and tissue-associated biofilms may be the leading cause for the failure of antibiotic treatments and can cause many chronic infections. The eradication of biofilms is very challenging. Many researchers are working to address biofilm-related infections, and some novel strategies have been developed and identified as being effective and promising. Nevertheless, more preclinical studies and well-designed multicenter clinical trials are critically needed to evaluate the prospects of these strategies. Here, we review information about the mechanisms underlying the drug resistance of biofilms and discuss recent progress in alternative therapies and promising strategies against microbial biofilms. We also summarize the strengths and weaknesses of these strategies in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chen Yu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
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Behzadi P, Urbán E, Gajdács M. Association between Biofilm-Production and Antibiotic Resistance in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC): An In Vitro Study. Diseases 2020; 8:E17. [PMID: 32517335 PMCID: PMC7348726 DOI: 10.3390/diseases8020017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infections requiring medical attention worldwide. The production of biofilms is an important step in UTIs, not only from a mechanistic point of view, but this may also confer additional resistance, distinct from other aspects of multidrug resistance (MDR). A total of two hundred and fifty (n = 250) Escherichia coli isolates, originating from clean-catch urine samples, were included in this study. The isolates were classified into five groups: wild-type, ciprofloxacin-resistant, fosfomycin-resistant, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant and extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing strains. The bacterial specimens were cultured using eosine methylene blue agar and the colony morphology of isolates were recorded. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and E-tests. Biofilm-formation of the isolates was carried out with the crystal violet tube-adherence method. n = 76 isolates (30.4%) produced large colonies (>3 mm), mucoid variant colonies were produced in n = 135 cases (54.0%), and n = 119 (47.6%) were positive for biofilm formation. The agreement (i.e., predictive value) of mucoid variant colonies in regard to biofilm production in the tube-adherence assay was 0.881 overall. Significant variation was seen in the case of the group of ESBL-producers in the ratio of biofilm-producing isolates. The relationship between biofilm-production and other resistance determinants has been extensively studied. However, no definite conclusion can be reached from the currently available data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Basic Sciences, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 37541-374, Iran;
| | - Edit Urbán
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Dóm tér 10, Hungary;
- Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Pécs Medical School, 7624 Pécs, Szigeti utca 12, Hungary
| | - Márió Gajdács
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Biopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, 6720 Szeged, Eötvös utca 6, Hungary
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 1089 Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4, Hungary
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20
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Xiang Y, Li F, Dong N, Tian S, Zhang H, Du X, Zhou X, Xu X, Yang H, Xie J, Yang C, Liu H, Qiu S, Song H, Sun Y. Investigation of a Salmonellosis Outbreak Caused by Multidrug Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium in China. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:801. [PMID: 32411120 PMCID: PMC7200987 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid emergence of multidrug resistant Salmonella is a global public-health concern as outbreaks in recent years have mostly been caused by multidrug resistant strains. Here, we evaluated an outbreak in China caused by multidrug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) by employing an epidemiological and laboratory investigation using conventional methods and whole genome sequencing (WGS). Eleven of the 12 people who participated in a banquet showed gastrointestinal symptoms, and 8S. Typhimurium strains were recovered. Isolated outbreak strains showed multidrug resistance (MDR), and decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, a first-line drug recommended by WHO for clinical treatment of intestinal infections. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene analysis indicated that the MDR phenotype of these outbreak strains may be due to the presence of a number of AMR genes, including the blaOXA-1 and blaTEM-1 β-lactamase genes, which are often plasmid-borne and easily transferred. Further virulence gene analysis indicated that these outbreak strains also carried a large number of virulence genes, including 2 types of Salmonella pathogenicity islands (SPI-1 and SPI-2) and many adhesion-related virulence genes. Cluster analysis based on pulse-field gel electrophoresis data and phylogenetic analysis based on WGS revealed that the outbreak clone was closely related to and thus probably derived from local strains. This outbreak caused by multidrug resistant S. Typhimurium highlights the need for government improved strategies for the prevention and control of Salmonella infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xiang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Southern Theatre Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fuxiang Li
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Nian Dong
- Xingcheng Special Service Recuperation Center of PLA Strategic Support Force, Huludao, China
| | - Sai Tian
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haoran Zhang
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xinying Du
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Second Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xuebin Xu
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxia Yang
- Shanxi Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jing Xie
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chaojie Yang
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shaofu Qiu
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbin Song
- Chinese PLA Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Yansong Sun
- Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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21
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Rahdar HA, Malekabad ES, Dadashi AR, Takei E, Keikha M, Kazemian H, Karami-Zarandi M. Correlation between biofilm formation and carbapenem resistance among clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Ethiop J Health Sci 2020; 29:745-750. [PMID: 31741645 PMCID: PMC6842719 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v29i6.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative enteric bacterium that causes nosocomial infections; this bacterium has survived from harsh condition using biofilm formation in hospital equipment and cause severe infection. In the other hand, the emergence and extension of carbapenem resistance burden among K. pneumonia producing biofilm is the current concern of public health services. There are controversial findings about this subject. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between biofilm formation and resistance to carbapenem among clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. Methods A total of 160 K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from various infections of hospitalized patients. The Carba NP test and molecular methods were used for detection of carbapenem resistance isolates of K. pneumonia. Subsequently, the ability for biofilm production was performed from all isolates. Finally, Correlation of biofilm formation among carbapenem resistant isolates was calculated using χ2 and Fisher's exact tests. Results Among K. pneumoniae isolates 42.5% have carbapenemase activity by Carba NP test, while carbapenemase genes were detected in 35.6% of isolates in amplification assay. Moreover, there are 52.5% (n= 84) of all isolates were formed a strong biofilm, while 38.1% (n= 61) and 9.3% (n= 15) of isolates were middle and weak biofilm producer, respectively. Among carbapenem resistant cases (n= 68), there are 77.9% (n= 53) and 22% (n= 15) of isolates were reported as strong and middle biofilm producer, respectively. We see a significant correlation was seen between biofilm formation ability and carbapenem resistant isolates (p-value < 0.00001). Conclusion The increase of carbapenem resistance burden in biofilm producing isolates of K. pneumoniae is considered as serious alert and the basic measures to combat this phenomenon is imperative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ali Rahdar
- Department of Social Medicine, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
| | | | - Ali-Reza Dadashi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Army University of Medical Sciences (AJA), Tehran, Iran
| | - Elahe Takei
- Department of Medical microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masuod Keikha
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Kazemian
- Clinical Microbiology Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Morteza Karami-Zarandi
- Department of Medical microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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22
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Türkel İ, Yıldırım T, Yazgan B, Bilgin M, Başbulut E. Relationship between antibiotic resistance, efflux pumps, and biofilm formation in extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. J Chemother 2019; 30:354-363. [DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2018.1521773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- İbrahim Türkel
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey,
| | - Tuba Yıldırım
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey,
- Central Research Laboratory, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey,
| | - Burak Yazgan
- Central Research Laboratory, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey,
- Department of Medical Sevices and Techniques, Amasya University Sabuncuoğlu Serefeddin Vocational Higher School of Health Services, Amasya, Turkey,
| | - Melek Bilgin
- Microbiology Laboratory, Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Eşe Başbulut
- Microbiology Laboratory, Education and Research Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
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23
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Biofilm formation and potential virulence factors of Salmonella strains isolated from ready-to-eat shrimps. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204345. [PMID: 30235341 PMCID: PMC6147607 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Salmonella species is an important foodborne pathogen with the non-typhoidal serovars such as Enteritidis and Typhimurium as the most predominant strains. This study examines the biofilm formation, phenotypic virulence factors and cell surface characteristics of Salmonella strains from ready-to-eat shrimps. The ready-to-eat shrimps were obtained from open markets between November 2016 and October 2017 in Edo and Delta States, Nigeria. The occurrence of Salmonella strains in this study was 210/1440 (14.58%) of the ready-to-eat shrimp’s samples. The identified strains comprise of Salmonella Enteritidis 11, Salmonella Typhimurium 14 and other Salmonella spp. 20. The 45 identified Salmonella strains revealed the following virulence properties: swimming and swarming motility 45(100%); S-layer 39(86.67%); haemolytic activity 40(88.89%); lipase activity 43(95.56%); protease activity 43(95.56%); gelatinase production 43(95.56%); and DNA degrading activity 41(91.11%). The variation in the formation of biofilm-based on the diversity of Salmonella species was observed with higher percentage of Salmonella Typhimurium strains as strong biofilms producers under different environmental conditions. For surface hydrophobicity using bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons, 25(55.56%) were hydrophilic while 20(44.44%) were moderately hydrophobic from the 45 Salmonella isolates. Using salting aggregation test for surface hydrophobicity, all selected isolates 45(100%) was hydrophilic. Autoaggregation index for the 12 selected Salmonella isolates ranged from 15.2–47.2%, while the autoaggragation index for the 12 selected test bacteria ranged from 26.2–71.3%. Coaggragation between the 12 selected test bacteria and 12 Salmonella isolates ranged from 12.5–81.0%. The occurrence of pathogenic species of Salmonella from ready-to-eat shrimps could be detrimental to the consumers. Findings on the physiological conditions of biofilms formed by the foodborne pathogenic Salmonella and the cell surface characteristics therein are crucial for the advancement of methods for controlling Salmonella from ready-to-eat foods.
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24
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Escherichia coli encoding blaNDM-5 associated with community-acquired urinary tract infections with unusual MIC creep-like phenomenon against imipenem. J Glob Antimicrob Resist 2018; 14:228-232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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25
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Cepas V, López Y, Muñoz E, Rolo D, Ardanuy C, Martí S, Xercavins M, Horcajada JP, Bosch J, Soto SM. Relationship Between Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacteria. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 25:72-79. [PMID: 30142035 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2018.0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Gram-negative microorganisms are a significant cause of infection in both community and nosocomial settings. The increase, emergence, and spread of antimicrobial resistance among bacteria are the most important health problems worldwide. One of the mechanisms of resistance used by bacteria is biofilm formation, which is also a mechanism of virulence. This study analyzed the possible relationship between antimicrobial resistance and biofilm formation among isolates of three Gram-negative bacteria species. Several relationships were found between the ability to form biofilm and antimicrobial resistance, being different for each species. Indeed, gentamicin and ceftazidime resistance was related to biofilm formation in Escherichia coli, piperacillin/tazobactam, and colistin in Klebsiella pneumoniae, and ciprofloxacin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. However, no relationship was observed between global resistance or multidrug-resistance and biofilm formation. In addition, compared with other reported data, the isolates in the present study showed higher rates of antimicrobial resistance. In conclusion, the acquisition of specific antimicrobial resistance can compromise or enhance biofilm formation in several species of Gram-negative bacteria. However, multidrug-resistant isolates do not show a trend to being greater biofilm producers than non-multiresistant isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginio Cepas
- 1 ISGlobal, Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yuly López
- 1 ISGlobal, Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Estela Muñoz
- 1 ISGlobal, Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Dora Rolo
- 1 ISGlobal, Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Ardanuy
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge , IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,3 CIBERes (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias) , ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Martí
- 2 Department of Microbiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge , IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,3 CIBERes (CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias) , ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariona Xercavins
- 4 Department of Microbiology, Hospital Mutua de Terrassa , Terrassa, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Bosch
- 1 ISGlobal, Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain .,6 Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara M Soto
- 1 ISGlobal, Barcelona Center for International Health Research (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain .,6 Department of Microbiology, Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona , Barcelona, Spain
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26
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Ferreira S, Correia DR, Oleastro M, Domingues FC. Arcobacter butzleri Ciprofloxacin Resistance: Point Mutations in DNA Gyrase A and Role on Fitness Cost. Microb Drug Resist 2018; 24:915-922. [PMID: 29336679 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2017.0295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Arcobacter butzleri is a widely distributed emerging pathogen resistant to various classes of antimicrobial agents, namely fluoroquinolones. A. butzleri resistance to fluoroquinolones is conferred by point mutations at the antibiotic target. The aim of this study was to evaluate mutations at gyrA associated with ciprofloxacin resistance and evaluate whether acquisition of resistance impacts on fitness and stress tolerance of A. butzleri. A. butzleri ciprofloxacin mutants were generated by laboratory induction. Identification of mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance was performed by gyrA sequencing. Growth kinetics, cost of fitness, biofilm formation ability, and stress tolerance were assessed. Two amino acid substitutions in the quinolone resistance-determining region of GyrA were identified in the mutant strains, one previously described (Thr-85-Ile) and a new substitution (Asp-89-Tyr). No differences in growth kinetics were recorded between parental and mutant strains; however, fitness cost was variable, according to the genetic background of the strains, and independently of ciprofloxacin resistance. Overall, the ciprofloxacin resistance development did not significantly affect stress tolerance, motility, or biofilm-forming ability. In conclusion, acquisition of ciprofloxacin resistance in A. butzleri is associated with mutations in gyrA and is likely well compensated, with cost of fitness reflecting the diversity in genetic background of this bacterium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Ferreira
- 1 CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Daniela R Correia
- 1 CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Mónica Oleastro
- 2 Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge , National Reference Laboratory for Gastrointestinal Infections, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Fernanda C Domingues
- 1 CICS-UBI-Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior , Covilhã, Portugal
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Abstract
Carrion's disease (CD) is a neglected biphasic vector-borne illness related to Bartonella bacilliformis. It is found in the Andean valleys and is transmitted mainly by members of the Lutzomyia genus but also by blood transfusions and from mother to child. The acute phase, Oroya fever, presents severe anemia and fever. The lethality is high in the absence of adequate treatment, despite the organism being susceptible to most antibiotics. Partial immunity is developed after infection by B. bacilliformis, resulting in high numbers of asymptomatic carriers. Following infection there is the chronic phase, Peruvian warts, involving abnormal proliferation of the endothelial cells. Despite potentially being eradicable, CD has been expanded due to human migration and geographical expansion of the vector. Moreover, in vitro studies have demonstrated the risk of the development of antimicrobial resistance. These findings, together with the description of new Bartonella species producing CD-like infections, the presence of undescribed potential vectors in new areas, the lack of adequate diagnostic tools and knowledge of the immunology and bacterial pathogenesis of CD, and poor international visibility, have led to the risk of increasing the potential expansion of resistant strains which will challenge current treatment schemes as well as the possible appearance of CD in areas where it is not endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Gomes
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Ruiz
- Institute for Global Health, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Xia H, Tang Q, Song J, Ye J, Wu H, Zhang H. A yigP mutant strain is a small colony variant of E. coli and shows pleiotropic antibiotic resistance. Can J Microbiol 2017; 63:961-969. [PMID: 28915357 DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2017-0347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Small colony variants (SCVs) are a commonly observed subpopulation of bacteria that have a small colony size and distinctive biochemical characteristics. SCVs are more resistant than the wild type to some antibiotics and usually cause persistent infections in the clinic. SCV studies have been very active during the past 2 decades, especially Staphylococcus aureus SCVs. However, fewer studies on Escherichia coli SCVs exist, so we studied an E. coli SCV during an experiment involving the deletion of the yigP locus. PCR and DNA sequencing revealed that the SCV was attributable to a defect in the yigP function. Furthermore, we investigated the antibiotic resistance profile of the E. coli SCV and it showed increased erythromycin, kanamycin, and d-cycloserine resistance, but collateral sensitivity to ampicillin, polymyxin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, rifampin, and nalidixic acid. We tried to determine the association between yigP and the pleiotropic antibiotic resistance of the SCV by analyzing biofilm formation, cellular morphology, and coenzyme Q (Q8) production. Our results indicated that impaired Q8 biosynthesis was the primary factor that contributed to the increased resistance and collateral sensitivity of the SCV. This study offers a novel genetic basis for E. coli SCVs and an insight into the development of alternative antimicrobial strategies for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xia
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiongwei Tang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Ye
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Haizhen Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,b Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huizhan Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.,b Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Lalitha C, Raman T, Rathore SS, Ramar M, Munusamy A, Ramakrishnan J. ASK2 Bioactive Compound Inhibits MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae by Antibiofilm Activity, Modulating Macrophage Cytokines and Opsonophagocytosis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2017; 7:346. [PMID: 28824881 PMCID: PMC5543099 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of pathogens harboring extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) like carbapenem resistant Gram negative bacteria are the major emerging threat to public health. Of particular concern Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenamase- producing strains have been recorded worldwide. Catheter associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) caused by K. pneumoniae are significantly associated with morbidity and mortality. Hence the present work was aimed to develop a strategy for addressing these issues through an innovative approach of antibiofilm and immunomodulation. These two independent activities were analyzed in a Streptomyces derived ASK2 bioactive compound. While analysing the effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs), 0.5x of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was found to be more effective in preventing biofilm formation on coverslip and silicone catheter. The minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) was found to be 15-fold higher MIC with eradication of 75% of 3 day old biofilm. Apart from its antibiofilm potential, ASK2 also acts as an opsonin and enhances phagocytic response of macrophages against multidrug resistant K. pneumoniae. In addition, ASK2 resulted in elevated levels of nitric oxide generation by the macrophages and has a stimulating effect on IL-12, IFN-γ, and TNF-α proinflammatory cytokines. The opsonic role of ASK2 and its potential in modulating proinflammatory cytokines secreted by macrophages implies the importance of ASK2 in modulating cellular immune response of macrophages against MDR K. pneumoniae. The present study proposes ASK2 as a promising candidate for treating MDR K. pneumoniae infections with its dual properties of antibiofilm and immunomodulatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheepurupalli Lalitha
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Thiagarajan Raman
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | - Sudarshan S Rathore
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
| | | | | | - Jayapradha Ramakrishnan
- Centre for Research in Infectious Diseases, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA UniversityThanjavur, India
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30
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Correia S, Poeta P, Hébraud M, Capelo JL, Igrejas G. Mechanisms of quinolone action and resistance: where do we stand? J Med Microbiol 2017; 66:551-559. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susana Correia
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Veterinary Science Department, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Michel Hébraud
- Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), UMR Microbiologie Environnement Digestif et Santé (MEDiS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, site de Theix, France
- Plate-Forme d’Exploration du Métabolisme composante protéomique, UR370 QuaPA, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, site de Theix, France
| | - José Luis Capelo
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
- ProteoMass Scientific Society, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Caparica Campus, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Portugal
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
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Yuan J, Guo W. Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones in Salmonella Typhimurium from patients with infectious diarrhea. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 61:138-143. [PMID: 28337780 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanisms of resistance of 36 quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from outpatients with infectious diarrhea in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital between 2013 and 2015. The resistance spectrum of the 36 strains was measured using a broth dilution method. Class 1 integrons harboring the β-lactamase gene and mutations in quinolone resistance determining regions were also investigated. All 36 quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains were found to be multidrug-resistant and the majority of these strains harbored Class 1 integrons. These findings study suggests that strategies for determining resistance spectrums should be implemented with greater urgency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yuan
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Emergency Department, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
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32
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Ballesté-Delpierre C, Vila Estapé J. Why are we still detecting food-related Salmonella outbreaks in Spain? Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2016; 34:541-543. [PMID: 27682346 DOI: 10.1016/j.eimc.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jordi Vila Estapé
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Centre for International Health Research (CRESIB), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Biomedical Diagnostic Centre (CDB), Hospital Clínic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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Pande VV, McWhorter AR, Chousalkar KK. Salmonella enterica isolates from layer farm environments are able to form biofilm on eggshell surfaces. BIOFOULING 2016; 32:699-710. [PMID: 27268931 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2016.1191068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the eggshell biofilm forming ability of Salmonella enterica isolates recovered from egg farms. Multicellular behaviour and biofilm production were examined at 22 and 37°C by Congo red morphology and the crystal violet staining assay. The results indicated that the biofilm forming behaviour of Salmonella isolates was dependent on temperature and associated with serovars. Significantly greater biofilm production was observed at 22°C compared with 37°C. The number of viable biofilm cells attached to eggshells after incubation for 48 h at 22°C was significantly influenced by serovar. Scanning electron microscopic examination revealed firm attachment of bacterial cells to the eggshell surface. The relative expression of csgD and adrA gene was significantly higher in eggshell biofilm cells of S. Mbandaka and S. Oranienburg. These findings demonstrate that Salmonella isolates are capable of forming biofilm on the eggshell surface and that this behaviour is influenced by temperature and serovar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek V Pande
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , The University of Adelaide , Roseworthy , Australia
| | - Andrea R McWhorter
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , The University of Adelaide , Roseworthy , Australia
| | - Kapil K Chousalkar
- a School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences , The University of Adelaide , Roseworthy , Australia
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Fuzi M. Dissimilar Fitness Associated with Resistance to Fluoroquinolones Influences Clonal Dynamics of Various Multiresistant Bacteria. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1017. [PMID: 27458434 PMCID: PMC4935693 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones was recently shown to vary across clones of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. The resulting dissimilar fitness should have influenced the clonal dynamics and thereby the rates of resistance for these pathogens. Moreover, a similar mechanism was recently proposed for the emergence of the H30 and H30R lineages of ESBL-producing E. coli and the major international clone (ribotype 027) of Clostridium difficile. Furthermore, several additional international clones of various multiresistant bacteria are suspect to have been selected by an analogous process. An ability to develop favorable mutations in the gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes seems to be a prerequisite for pathogens to retain fitness while showing high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones. Since, the consumption of other "non-fluoroquinolone" groups of antibiotics have also contributed to the rise in resistance rates a more judicious use of antibiotics in general and of fluoroquinolones in particular could ameliorate the international resistance situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklos Fuzi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Semmelweis UniversityBudapest, Hungary
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35
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Li W, Li Y, Wu Y, Cui Y, Liu Y, Shi X, Zhang Q, Chen Q, Sun Q, Hu Q. Phenotypic and genetic changes in the life cycle of small colony variants of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium induced by streptomycin. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2016; 15:37. [PMID: 27245674 PMCID: PMC4888536 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-016-0151-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Small colony variants (SCVs), constituting a slow-growing subpopulation of bacteria that facilitates persistence in lethal environmental conditions, are able to revert to the phenotype of rapid growth for further proliferation and transmission. Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is one of the most important foodborne pathogens. This study investigated the genetic mechanisms how SCVs induced by streptomycin reverted to the fast-growing phenotype and the phenotypic changes of SCVs among their complete life cycle in S.Typhimurium. Methods Salmonella Typhimurium SCVs were obtained by streptomycin treatment and their revertants were collected in the absence of antibiotics. The fitness, antimicrobial susceptibility, biofilm formation, and the biofilm-related genes expression were analyzed in comparison to their wild type strain, and the whole genome sequencing was performed to identify the genetic changes in the life cycle of S. Typhimurium SCVs. Results Small colony variants were characterized by an increased antimicrobial resistance to streptomycin (64-fold), imipenem (twofold), and gentamicin (fourfold). A significant increase in biofilm production with higher expression of csgB was observed in SCVs (P < 0.01). The genetic alterations of all SCVs occurred in ubiE gene (coenzyme Q8 and menaquinone synthesis) with frameshift mutations. However, all fast-growing revertants again lost the trait of increased biofilm production (P > 0.05), in which two modes of the genetic changes for reversing to the rapidly growing form were observed: four revertants harbored a secondary mutation in ubiE, which reinstated most of the amino acid sequence of the ubiE, and other four revertants harbored a mutation in prfB. Conclusions Salmonella Typhimurium could switch to the phenotype of SCVs under the treatment of streptomycin by a mutation in ubiE, partially combined with increased production of biofilm, and these SCVs could escape from growth restriction by a compensatory mutation in prfB or a new mutation in ubiE. These findings may contribute to establishing phenotype-directed treatments against SCVs of S.Typhimurium. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12941-016-0151-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanli Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Yarong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Yujun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogen and Biosecurity, Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Beijing, 100071, P. R. China
| | - Yao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China
| | - Xiaolu Shi
- Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qiongcheng Chen
- Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, 29# Wangjiang Rd., Chengdu, Sichuan, 610064, P. R. China.
| | - Qinghua Hu
- Shenzhen Major Infectious Disease Control Key Laboratory, Shenzhen Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.
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Impacts of experimentally induced and clinically acquired quinolone resistance on the membrane and intracellular subproteomes of Salmonella Typhimurium DT104B. J Proteomics 2016; 145:46-59. [PMID: 27063838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health threat worldwide that is still far from a complete understanding. Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 multiresistant strains with additional quinolone resistance are highly adaptive and have been responsible for global outbreaks and high mortality. In order to give new insights about the resistance mechanisms involved, the developed work aimed to point out subproteome changes between a DT104B clinical strain (Se20) that acquired quinolone resistance after patient treatment and an in vitro induced clonally related highly-resistant mutant (Se6-M). The intracellular subproteomes were compared by a 2-DE/LC-MS/MS approach and a total of 50 unique proteins were identified (32 more abundant in Se20 and 18 more abundant in Se6-M). The membrane subproteomes were analysed by a shotgun LC-MS/MS approach, where 7 differentially abundant proteins were identified (5 more abundant in Se6-M and 2 more abundant in Se20). Several proteins known to be directly related to quinolone resistance mechanisms (AAC(6')-Ib-cr4, OmpC, OmpD, OmpX, etc.) and MipA, recently reported as novel antibiotic resistance-related protein, were identified. Other proteins (Fur, SodA, SucB, AtpD/AtpG, OmpC, GltI, CheM/CheB, etc.) reflecting the metabolic re-adjustments occurred in each strain in order to acquire quinolone resistance were also identified. Moreover, proteins involved in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (RfbF, RfbG, GmhA) and export (LptA) were detected, supporting the importance of exploring these proteins as targets for the development of new antimicrobial agents. In conclusion, this study provides new insights into the mechanisms involved in the acquisition of antibiotic resistance, which can be highly valuable for the development of improved therapeutic strategies. BIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE This comparative proteomic study revealed a large number of differentially regulated proteins involved in antibiotic resistance which can be of great value to drug discovery, research and development programmes.
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Thong KL, Ngoi ST, Chai LC, Teh CSJ. Quinolone Resistance Mechanisms Among Salmonella enterica in Malaysia. Microb Drug Resist 2015; 22:259-72. [PMID: 26683630 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2015.0158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica is on the rise worldwide. Salmonella enterica is one of the major foodborne pathogens in Malaysia. Therefore, we aim to investigate the occurrence and mechanisms of quinolone resistance among Salmonella strains isolated in Malaysia. A total of 283 Salmonella strains isolated from food, humans, and animals were studied. The disk diffusion method was used to examine the quinolone susceptibility of the strains, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin were also determined. DNA sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes and the plasmid-borne qnr genes was performed. The transfer of the qnr gene was examined through transconjugation experiment. A total of 101 nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella strains were identified. In general, all strains were highly resistant to nalidixic acid (average MICNAL, 170 μg/ml). Resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed in 30.7% of the strains (1 ≤ MICCIP ≤ 2 μg/ml). Majority of the strains contained missense mutations in the QRDR of gyrA (69.3%). Silent mutations were frequently detected in gyrB (75.2%), parC (27.7%), and parE (51.5%) within and beyond the QRDRs. Novel mutations were detected in parC and parE. The plasmid-borne qnrS1 variant was found in 36.6% of the strains, and two strains were found to be able to transfer the qnrS1 gene. Overall, mutations in gyrA and the presence of qnrS1 genes might have contributed to the high level of quinolone resistance among the strains. Our study provided a better understanding on the status of quinolone resistance among Salmonella strains circulating in Malaysia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwai Lin Thong
- 1 Microbiology Division, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Soo Tein Ngoi
- 1 Microbiology Division, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lay Ching Chai
- 1 Microbiology Division, Faculty of Science, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Cindy Shuan Ju Teh
- 2 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya , Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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38
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Fàbrega A, Ballesté-Delpierre C, Vila J. Differential impact of ramRA mutations on both ramA transcription and decreased antimicrobial susceptibility in Salmonella Typhimurium. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:617-24. [PMID: 26679248 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was focused on analysing the heterogeneity of mutations occurring in the regulators of efflux-mediated MDR in Salmonella Typhimurium. Moreover, the impact of such mutations on impairing the transcription of ramA, acrB, tolC and acrF was also assessed as was the impact on the resistance or decreased susceptibility phenotype. METHODS Strains were selected in vitro under increasing ciprofloxacin concentrations. Etest and broth microdilution tests were used to determine the MICs of several unrelated compounds. Screening of mutations in the quinolone target genes and MDR regulators was performed. RT-PCR analysis was used to detect the levels of expression of acrB, tolC, ompF, acrF, emrB, acrR, ramA, soxS and marA. RESULTS All mutant strains showed increased MICs of most of the antimicrobials tested, with the exception of kanamycin. Mutations in the quinolone target genes did not occur in all the mutants, which all harboured mutations in the ramRA regulatory region. All the mutants overexpressed ramA, tolC and acrB (only tested in 60-wt derivatives), whereas differential results were seen for the remaining genes. CONCLUSIONS Mutations in the ramRA region related to resistance and/or decreased susceptibility to antimicrobials predominate in Salmonella. There is heterogeneity in the types of mutations, with deletions affecting RamR-binding sites having a greater impact on ramA expression and the MDR phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fàbrega
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Clara Ballesté-Delpierre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Vila
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain Department of Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Clínic, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Ballesté-Delpierre C, Fàbrega A, Ferrer-Navarro M, Mathur R, Ghosh S, Vila J. Attenuation of in vitro host-pathogen interactions in quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi mutants. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:111-22. [PMID: 26446080 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between quinolone resistance acquisition and invasion impairment has been studied in some Salmonella enterica serovars. However, little information has been reported regarding the invasive human-restricted pathogen Salmonella Typhi. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanisms of quinolone resistance acquisition and its impact on virulence in this serovar. METHODS Two antibiotic-resistant mutants (Ty_c1 and Ty_c2) were generated from a Salmonella Typhi clinical isolate (Ty_wt). The three strains were compared in terms of antimicrobial susceptibility, molecular mechanisms of resistance, gene expression of virulence-related factors, ability to invade eukaryotic cells (human epithelial cells and macrophages) and cytokine production. RESULTS Multidrug resistance in Ty_c2 was attributed to AcrAB/TolC overproduction, decreased OmpF (both mediated by the mar regulon) and decreased OmpC. The two mutants showed a gradually reduced expression of virulence-related genes (invA, hilA, hilD, fliC and fimA), correlating with decreased motility, reduced infection of HeLa cells and impaired uptake by and intracellular survival in human macrophages. Moreover, Ty_c2 also showed reduced tviA expression. Additionally, we revealed a significant reduction in TNF-α and IL-1β production and decreased NF-κB activation. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we provide an in-depth characterization of the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in the Salmonella Typhi serovar and evidence that acquisition of antimicrobial resistance is concomitantly detected with a loss of virulence (epithelial cell invasion, macrophage phagocytosis and cytokine production). We suggest that the low prevalence of clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi highly resistant to ciprofloxacin is due to poor immunogenicity and impaired dissemination ability of these isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Ballesté-Delpierre
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 149-153 Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Anna Fàbrega
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 149-153 Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Mario Ferrer-Navarro
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 149-153 Barcelona, 08036, Spain
| | - Ramkumar Mathur
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 701 West 168th Street, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sankar Ghosh
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 701 West 168th Street, New York City, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jordi Vila
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic - Universitat de Barcelona, Rosselló 149-153 Barcelona, 08036, Spain
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Giaouris E, Heir E, Desvaux M, Hébraud M, Møretrø T, Langsrud S, Doulgeraki A, Nychas GJ, Kačániová M, Czaczyk K, Ölmez H, Simões M. Intra- and inter-species interactions within biofilms of important foodborne bacterial pathogens. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:841. [PMID: 26347727 PMCID: PMC4542319 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A community-based sessile life style is the normal mode of growth and survival for many bacterial species. Under such conditions, cell-to-cell interactions are inevitable and ultimately lead to the establishment of dense, complex and highly structured biofilm populations encapsulated in a self-produced extracellular matrix and capable of coordinated and collective behavior. Remarkably, in food processing environments, a variety of different bacteria may attach to surfaces, survive, grow, and form biofilms. Salmonella enterica, Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus are important bacterial pathogens commonly implicated in outbreaks of foodborne diseases, while all are known to be able to create biofilms on both abiotic and biotic surfaces. Particularly challenging is the attempt to understand the complexity of inter-bacterial interactions that can be encountered in such unwanted consortia, such as competitive and cooperative ones, together with their impact on the final outcome of these communities (e.g., maturation, physiology, antimicrobial resistance, virulence, dispersal). In this review, up-to-date data on both the intra- and inter-species interactions encountered in biofilms of these pathogens are presented. A better understanding of these interactions, both at molecular and biophysical levels, could lead to novel intervention strategies for controlling pathogenic biofilm formation in food processing environments and thus improve food safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathios Giaouris
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of the Environment, University of the Aegean, Myrina, Lemnos Island, Greece
| | - Even Heir
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Mickaël Desvaux
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Michel Hébraud
- INRA, UR454 Microbiologie, Centre Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Trond Møretrø
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Solveig Langsrud
- Nofima, Norwegian Institute of Food, Fisheries and Aquaculture Research, Ås, Norway
| | - Agapi Doulgeraki
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George-John Nychas
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Biotechnology of Foods, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Foods, Biotechnology and Development, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Nitra, Slovakia
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Hülya Ölmez
- TÜBİTAK Marmara Research Center, Food Institute, Gebze, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Manuel Simões
- Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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