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Santamarina-García G, Amores G, Llamazares D, Hernández I, Javier R Barron L, Virto M. Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistances reveals the effect of the production chain in reducing resistant lactic acid bacteria in an artisanal raw ewe milk PDO cheese. Food Res Int 2024; 187:114308. [PMID: 38763625 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health threat, with the food production chain, and, specifically, fermented products, as a potential vehicle for dissemination. However, information about dairy products, especially raw ewe milk cheeses, is limited. The present study analysed, for the first time, the occurrence of AMRs related to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) along a raw ewe milk cheese production chain for the most common antimicrobial agents used on farms (dihydrostreptomycin, benzylpenicillin, amoxicillin and polymyxin B). More than 200 LAB isolates were obtained and identified by Sanger sequencing (V1-V3 16S rRNA regions); these isolates included 8 LAB genera and 21 species. Significant differences in LAB composition were observed throughout the production chain (P ≤ 0.001), with Enterococcus (e.g., E. hirae and E. faecalis) and Bacillus (e.g., B. thuringiensis and B. cereus) predominating in ovine faeces and raw ewe milk, respectively, along with Lactococcus (L. lactis) in whey and fresh cheeses, while Lactobacillus and Lacticaseibacillus species (e.g., Lactobacillus sp. and L. paracasei) prevailed in ripened cheeses. Phenotypically, by broth microdilution, Lactococcus, Enterococcus and Bacillus species presented the greatest resistance rates (on average, 78.2 %, 56.8 % and 53.4 %, respectively), specifically against polymyxin B, and were more susceptible to dihydrostreptomycin. Conversely, Lacticaseibacillus and Lactobacillus were more susceptible to all antimicrobials tested (31.4 % and 39.1 %, respectively). Thus, resistance patterns and multidrug resistance were reduced along the production chain (P ≤ 0.05). Genotypically, through HT-qPCR, 31 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and 6 mobile genetic elements (MGEs) were detected, predominating Str, StrB and aadA-01, related to aminoglycoside resistance, and the transposons tnpA-02 and tnpA-01. In general, a significant reduction in ARGs and MGEs abundances was also observed throughout the production chain (P ≤ 0.001). The current findings indicate that LAB dynamics throughout the raw ewe milk cheese production chain facilitated a reduction in AMRs, which has not been reported to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorka Santamarina-García
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute-Prevention, Promotion and Health Care, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain.
| | - Gustavo Amores
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute-Prevention, Promotion and Health Care, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Diego Llamazares
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Igor Hernández
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute-Prevention, Promotion and Health Care, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Luis Javier R Barron
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Mailo Virto
- Lactiker Research Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Bioaraba Health Research Institute-Prevention, Promotion and Health Care, 01009 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Joint Research Laboratory on Environmental Antibiotic Resistance, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Paseo de la Universidad 7, 01006 Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
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Koley S, Ghosh A, Mukherjee M. Occurrence of Imipenem-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli in Pregnant Women: An Insight into Their Virulence Profile and Clonal Structure. Curr Microbiol 2024; 81:56. [PMID: 38193903 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03576-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the predominant pathogen in Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) in pregnant and non-pregnant women. Limited studies were initiated to explore UPEC from pregnant women with respect to imipenem resistance, pathogenicity, and their clonal lineage. In this study, imipenem resistance, phylogenetic background, virulence-associated genes, and clonal characteristics in UPECs isolated from pregnant and non-pregnant cohorts were investigated. E. coli was identified biochemically from urine culture-positive samples from pregnant and non-pregnant women. Carbapenem (meropenem, ertapenem, imipenem) susceptibility was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test. The pathogenic determinants were identified by PCR. MEGA 11 was used to interpret clonal lineages from MLST. GraphPad Prism 8.0 and SPSS 26.0 were used for statistical interpretation. Results indicated highest resistance against imipenem compared to meropenem and ertapenem in UPECs isolated from pregnant (UPECp; 63.89%) and non-pregnant (UPECnp; 87.88%) women. Although phylogroup E was predominant in both imipenem-resistant isolates, acquisition of virulence factors was higher among UPECnp than UPECp. Akin to this observation, the presence of PAI III536 and PAI IV536 was statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the former. MLST analysis revealed similar clonal lineages between UPECnp and UPECp, which showed an overall occurrence of ST405 followed by ST101, ST410, ST131, and ST1195 in UPECnp and ST167 in UPECp, respectively, with frequent occurrence of CC131, CC405. Therefore, imipenem-resistant UPECp although discrete with respect to their virulence determinants when compared to UPECnp shared similar STs and CCs, which implied common evolutionary history. Thus, empiric treatment must be restricted in UTIs to especially protect maternal and fetal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Snehashis Koley
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
| | - Arunita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Mandira Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700073, India.
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Qiao J, Chen Y, Ge H, Xu H, Guo X, Liu R, Li C, Chen R, Gou J, Chen M, Zheng B. Coexistence of blaIMP-4, blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-1 in blaKPC-2-producing Citrobacter freundii of clinical origin in China. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1074612. [PMID: 37378293 PMCID: PMC10291173 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1074612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore the genetic characteristics of the IMP-4, NDM-1, OXA-1, and KPC-2 co-producing multidrug-resistant (MDR) clinical isolate, Citrobacter freundii wang9. Methods MALDI-TOF MS was used for species identification. PCR and Sanger sequencing analysis were used to identify resistance genes. In addition to agar dilution, broth microdilution was used for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) of the strains and analyzed the resulting data for drug resistance genes and plasmids. Phylogenetic trees were constructed with maximum likelihood, plotted using MAGA X, and decorated by iTOL. Results Citrobacter freundii carrying blaKPC-2, blaIMP-4, blaOXA-1, and blaNDM-1 are resistant to most antibiotics, intermediate to tigecycline, and only sensitive to polymyxin B, amikacin, and fosfomycin. The blaIMP-4 coexists with the blaNDM-1 and the blaOXA-1 on a novel transferable plasmid variant pwang9-1, located on the integron In1337, transposon TnAS3, and integron In2054, respectively. The gene cassette sequence of integron In1337 is IntI1-blaIMP-4-qacG2-aacA4'-catB3Δ, while the gene cassette sequence of In2054 is IntI1-aacA4cr-blaOXA-1-catB3-arr3-qacEΔ1-sul1. The blaNDM-1 is located on the transposon TnAS3, and its sequence is IS91-sul-ISAba14-aph (3')-VI-IS30-blaNDM-1-ble-trpF-dsbD-IS91. The blaKPC-2 is located on the transposon Tn2 of plasmid pwang9-1, and its sequence is klcA-korC-ISkpn6-blaKPC-2-ISkpn27-tnpR-tnpA. Phylogenetic analysis showed that most of the 34\u00B0C. freundii isolates from China were divided into three clusters. Among them, wang1 and wang9 belong to the same cluster as two strains of C. freundii from environmental samples from Zhejiang. Conclusion We found C. freundii carrying blaIMP-4, blaNDM-1, blaOXA-1, and blaKPC-2 for the first time, and conducted in-depth research on its drug resistance mechanism, molecular transfer mechanism and epidemiology. In particular, we found that blaIMP-4, blaOXA-1, and blaNDM-1 coexisted on a new transferable hybrid plasmid that carried many drug resistance genes and insertion sequences. The plasmid may capture more resistance genes, raising our concern about the emergence of new resistance strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qiao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shaoxing People’s Hospital (Shaoxing Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine), Shaoxing, China
| | - Haoyu Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ruyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Gou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Mantao Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Research Units of Infectious Diseases and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Ge H, Qiao J, Zheng J, Xu H, Liu R, Zhao J, Chen R, Li C, Guo X, Zheng B. Emergence and clonal dissemination of KPC-3-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in China with an IncP-2 megaplasmid. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2023; 22:31. [PMID: 37120531 PMCID: PMC10149002 DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the global prevalence of Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase (KPC)-type class A β-lactamases, occurrences of KPC-3-producing isolates in China remain infrequent. This study aims to explore the emergence, antibiotic resistance profiles, and plasmid characteristics of blaKPC-3-carrying Pseudomonas aeruginosa. METHODS Species identification was performed by MALDI-TOF-MS, and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The characteristics of the target strain were detected by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). Plasmids were analyzed by S1-nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(S1-PFGE), Southern blotting and transconjugation experiment. RESULTS Five P. aeruginosa strains carrying blaKPC-3 were isolated from two Chinese patients without a history of travelling to endemic areas. All strains belonged to the novel sequence type ST1076. The blaKPC-3 was carried on a 395-kb IncP-2 megaplasmid with a conserved structure (IS6100-ISKpn27-blaKPC-3-ISKpn6-korC-klcA), and this genetic sequence was identical to many plasmid-encoded KPC of Pseudomonas species. By further analyzing the genetic context, it was supposed that the original of blaKPC-3 in our work was a series of mutation of blaKPC-2. CONCLUSIONS The emergence of a multidrug resistance IncP-2 megaplasmid and clonal transmission of blaKPC-3-producing P. aeruginosa in China underlined the crucial need for continuous monitoring of blaKPC-3 for prevention and control of its further dissemination in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiahao Zheng
- Institute of Animal Quarantine, Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, 100176, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junhui Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Research Units of Infectious Diseases and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Wang J, Zhu X, Zhao Y, Liu H, Zhang Z, Yan L, Chen Y, Robertson ID, Guo A, Aleri JW. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and ESBL E. coli isolated from dairy cattle in Henan Province, China. Prev Vet Med 2023; 213:105856. [PMID: 36716653 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2023.105856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella and ESBL-producing E. coli pose a threat to public health through the food chain. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and ESBL E. coli in apparently healthy lactating dairy cattle in Henan Province. Thirty-five lactating cows per farm were sampled by fecal swabbing from 38 farms, with samples being pooled to a total of 7 pooled samples per herd. Eight of the 266 pooled fecal samples (3.0%) were positive for Salmonella (95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.3, 5.8) with a herd-level Salmonella prevalence of 13.2% (95% CI: 4.4, 28.1). The within-herd prevalence for pooled samples for Salmonella ranged from 0.0% to 28.6%. A high proportion of resistance to tetracycline (6/8) and florfenicol (6/8) was obtained in the cultured Salmonella. Multi-drug resistant isolates were observed on 4/5 Salmonella-positive farms. ESBL E. coli were identified on all farms (100% - 34/34, 95% CI: 89.7, 100). All ESBL E. coli isolates (n = 216) contained the blaCTX-M gene and two isolates also contained the blaTEM gene. Our study reports the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and ESBL E. coli in apparently healthy lactating dairy cows from Henan Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Yuxi Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Huan Liu
- Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Lei Yan
- Henan Dairy Herd Improvement Center, Zhengzhou 450046, China.
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Ian D Robertson
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Joshua W Aleri
- School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia; Centre for Animal Production and Health, Future Foods Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 WA, Australia.
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Wang J, Zhu X, Wang Z, Chen Y, Robertson ID, Guo A, Aleri JW. Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and the enumeration of ESBL E. coli in dairy farms in Hubei Province, China. Prev Vet Med 2023; 212:105822. [PMID: 36610285 DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2022.105822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dairy cattle and their products have been linked to human outbreaks of Salmonella and Escherichia coli (E. coli). The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and to enumerate Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli in apparently healthy lactating dairy cows in Hubei Province, China. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 291 adult lactating dairy cows from 10 dairy farms were sampled for the detection of Salmonella and ESBL E. coli. Overall, Salmonella was cultured from 15 out of 291 sampled animals (5.2 %; 95 % confidence intervals (CI): 2.9, 8.4), all from two herds with a herd prevalence of 20.0 % (95 % CI: 2.5, 55.6) and the main serotype being S. Dublin. The within-herd prevalence ranged between 0.0 % and 33.3 %. ESBL E. coli was detected by culture in all farms with an animal level prevalence of 59.1 % (95 % CI: 53.2, 64.8) and 116 samples (39.9 %, 95 % CI: 34.2, 45.7) contained ESBL E. coli with a number exceeding 104 CFU/g feces. Sixty percent (9/15) of Salmonella isolates were resistant to ampicillin, however all isolates were sensitive to the other 8 antimicrobials tested. Ninety percent (95 % CI: 84.6, 94.1) of ESBL E. coli contained the resistance gene blaCTX-M, but no ESBL Salmonella was found. Our findings contribute to the understanding of the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella and the enumeration of ESBL E. coli and will assist in the decision-making for the control of Salmonella in Hubei Province.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zijian Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ian D Robertson
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Aizhen Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; School of Veterinary Medicine, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia; Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Joshua W Aleri
- Hubei International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Veterinary Epidemiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; Centre for Animal Production and Health, Future Foods Institute, Murdoch University, 90 South Street, Murdoch, 6150 Western Australia, Australia.
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Jia J, Huang L, Zhang L, Sheng Y, Chu W, Xu H, Xu A. Genomic characterization of two carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens isolates causing bacteremia: Emergence of KPC-2-encoding IncR plasmids. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1075255. [PMID: 36844412 PMCID: PMC9945258 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1075255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and transmission of carbapenemase-producing-Enterobacterales (CPE) on a global scale has become a major issue. Clinical reports are rarely providing information on the genomic and plasmid features of carbapenem-resistant Serratia marcescens. Our objective was to investigate the resistance and transmission dynamics of two carbapenem-resistant S. marcescens that are resistant to carbapenem and have caused bacteremia in China. Blood specimens were taken from two individuals with bacteremia. Multiplex PCR was employed to identify genes that code for carbapenemase. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests and plasmid analysis were conducted on S. marcescens isolates SM768 and SM4145. The genome of SM768 and SM4145 were completely sequenced using NovaSeq 6000-PE150 and PacBio RS II platforms. Antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) were predicted using the ResFinder tool. S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (S1-PFGE) and southern blotting were employed to analyze plasmids. Two S. marcescens that produced KPC-2 were identified from bloodstream infections. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing demonstrated that both of the isolates had a resistance to various antibiotics. The whole-genome sequence (WGS) and plasmid analysis revealed the presence of bla KPC-2-bearing IncR plasmids and multiple plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in the isolates. Our comparative plasmid analysis suggested that the two IncR plasmids identified in this study could be derived from a common ancestor. Our findings revealed the emergence of bla KPC-2-bearing IncR plasmid in China, which could be a hindrance to the transmission of KPC-2-producing S. marcescens in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junli Jia
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lisha Huang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yanbing Sheng
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Weili Chu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aiguo Xu
- Department of Respiratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China,*Correspondence: Aiguo Xu,
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8
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Shen J, Long X, Jiang Q, Xu H, Wei Q, Shi Q, Liu Y, Xu S, Ma X, Li L. Genomic Characterization of a Vancomycin-Resistant Strain of Enterococcus faecium Harboring a rep2 Plasmid. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:1153-1158. [PMID: 36875226 PMCID: PMC9983603 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s398913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In China, vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) was not a common occurrence, and research on the genetic context and transmission mechanism of vanA-plasmid was scarce. The aim of this study was to molecularly characterise a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate from a bloodstream infection and determine the genetic environment and delivery pattern of the plasmid carrying vancomycin-resistant gene. Materials and Methods In May 2022, a vancomycin-resistant strain of Enterococci was identified during routine screening for VRE bacteria at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Utilizing matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), the isolate was accurately identified. Antimicrobial susceptibility and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were employed to perform phenotypic and genomic analysis, respectively. Further bioinformatics analyses was carried out to characterize the vanA-bearing plasmid. Results The antimicrobial susceptibility test showed that SJ2 strain was resistant to multiple antimicrobials, including ampicillin, benzylpenicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, levofloxacin, streptomycin, and vancomycin. Whole-genome analysis revealed that SJ2 strain carries several antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence determinants. MLST analysis found that SJ2 strain belongs to an unknown ST type. Plasmid analysis confirmed that the vanA gene was located on a variant of ~50 kb rep2 plasmid. Conclusion Our study found that vanA-bearing rep2 plasmid is a potential source of dissemination and outbreak, and continuous surveillance is necessary to control its spread in Hangzhou, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shen
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Long
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinming Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmiao Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolu Ma
- Department of Medical Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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9
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Jia Y, Mao W, Liu B, Zhang S, Cao J, Xu X. Study on the drug resistance and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea and the distribution of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:992111. [PMID: 36620061 PMCID: PMC9815963 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.992111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The unscientific and irrational use of antimicrobial drugs in dairy farms has led to the emergence of more serious drug resistance in Escherichia coli. Methods In this study, cases of calf diarrhea in cattle farms around the Hohhot area were studied, and Escherichia coli were identified by PCR and biochemical methods, while the distribution of virulence and drug resistance genes of the isolates was analyzed. Results The results showed that 21 strains of Escherichia coli were isolated from the diseased materials, and the isolation rate was 60%. The isolated strains belong to 15 ST types. The drug resistance levels of the isolated strains to 20 kinds of antimicrobial agent viz., penicillin, ampicillin, cefotaxime, cefepime, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone were more than 50%. The resistance rate to meropenem was 10%. The resistance rates to tetracycline and doxycycline were 33% and 29%, to ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and enrofloxacin were 48%, 33%, and 33%, to amikacin, kanamycin and gentamicin were 19%, 24% and 38%, to cotrimoxazole and erythromycin were 48% and 15%, to florfenicol, chloramphenicol and polymyxin B were 29%, 33%, and 5%. Nine strains of pathogenic calf diarrhea Escherichia coli were isolated by mouse pathogenicity test. The detection rates of virulence genes for the adhesion class were fimC (95%), IuxS (95%), eaeA (76%), fimA (62%), ompA (52%), and flu (24%). The detection rates for iron transporter protein like virulence genes were iroN (33%), iutA (19%), fyuA (14%), irp5 (9.5%), Iss (9.5%), and iucD (9.5%). The detection rates for toxin-like virulence genes were phoA (90%), Ecs3703 (57%), ropS (33%), hlyF (14%), and F17 (9.5%). The detection rates of tetracycline resistance genes in isolated strains were tetB (29%), tetA (19%) and tetD (14%). The detection rates for fluoroquinolone resistance genes were parC (Y305H, P333S, R355G) (9.5%), gyrA (S83L, D87N) (28%), qnrD (43%), and qnrS (9.5%). The detection rates for β-lactam resistance genes were bla CTX-M (29%), bla TEM (29%), and bla SHV (9.5%). The detection rates for aminoglycoside resistance genes were strA-B (57%), aacC (33%), aac(3')-IIa (29%), and aadAI (24%). The detection rates of chloramphenicol resistance genes floR and sulfa resistance genes sul2 were 24 and 33%. Conclusion Pathogenic Escherichia coli causing diarrhea in calves contain abundant virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Jia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China,Xuzhou Vocational College of Bioengineering, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Mao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Bo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Shuangyi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China
| | - Jinshan Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,Key Laboratory of Animal Clinical Treatment Technology, Ministry of Agriculture, Hohhot, China,Jinshan Cao,
| | - Xiaojing Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China,*Correspondence: Xiaojing Xu,
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10
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Ge H, Qiao J, Xu H, Liu R, Chen R, Li C, Hu X, Zhou J, Guo X, Zheng B. First report of Klebsiella pneumoniae co-producing OXA-181, CTX-M-55, and MCR-8 isolated from the patient with bacteremia. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1020500. [PMID: 36312943 PMCID: PMC9614159 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The worldwide spread of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has led to a major challenge to human health. In this case, colistin is often used to treat the infection caused by CRE. However, the coexistence of genes conferring resistance to carbapenem and colistin is of great concern. In this work, we reported the coexistence of blaOXA-181, blaCTX-M-55, and mcr-8 in an ST273 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate for the first time. The species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS, and the presence of various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence genes were detected by PCR and whole-genome sequencing. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that K. pneumoniae 5589 was resistant to aztreonam, imipenem, meropenem, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, piperacillin-tazobactam, cefepime, and polymyxin B, but sensitive to amikacin. S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and Southern blotting revealed the mcr-8 gene was carried on a ~ 138 kb plasmid with a conserved structure (IS903B-ymoA-inhA-mcr-8-copR-baeS-dgkA-ampC). In addition, blaOXA-181 was found on another ~51 kb plasmid with a composite transposon flanked by insertion sequence IS26. The in vitro conjugation experiments and plasmid sequence probe indicated that the plasmid p5589-OXA-181 and the p5589-mcr-8 were conjugative, which may contribute to the propagation of ARGs. Relevant detection and investigation measures should be taken to control the prevalence of pathogens coharboring blaOXA-181, blaCTX-M-55 and mcr-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyu Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruyan Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chenyu Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jiawei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Xiaobing Guo,
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Research Units of Infectious Diseases and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Beiwen Zheng,
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11
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Li A, Fang M, Hao D, Wu Q, Qian Y, Xu H, Zhu B. Late-Onset Sepsis in a Premature Infant Mediated by Breast Milk: Mother-to-Infant Transmission of Group B Streptococcus Detected by Whole-Genome Sequencing. Infect Drug Resist 2022; 15:5345-5352. [PMID: 36110126 PMCID: PMC9469938 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s381466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Late-onset group B Streptococcus (LOGBS) sepsis is a cause of infection and death in infants. Infected breast milk has been considered a source of neonatal GBS infection and invasive infection. However, mother-to-infant transmission of GBS detected by the high-resolution diagnostic method is rarely reported. Methods This study describes a low-weight premature infant who developed late-onset GBS septicemia 21 days after birth. GBS strains isolated from the mother’s cervical secretion, the mother’s milk, and the baby’s blood were cultured to identify the source of GBS infection. We further confirmed the GBS isolates through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Finally, we performed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and phylogenetic analyses on the GBS strains recovered. Results GBS isolates were cultured from the bloodstream of the premature infant and the mother’s milk, respectively. Subsequently, WGS and phylogenetic analyses on three GBS isolates demonstrated that the GBS strain from the infant’s bloodstream was 100% homologous to that from the mother’s breast milk, which had some different gene fragments from the GBS strain from the mother’s cervical secretion. It provided evidence that this infant’s late-onset GBS septicemia originated from his mother’s breast milk instead of the vertical mother-to-infant transmission. Conclusion Through WGS and phylogenetic analysis of the GBS strains, we proved in this study that the late-onset GBS sepsis in a premature infant was derived from his mother’s breast milk. It indicated that WGS diagnosis is an effective tool for infection tracing. Furthermore, this report provides direction for preventing late-onset GBS infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aiyun Li
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Women's Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Fang
- Institute of Infection Disease Control, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjie Hao
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Women's Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaoai Wu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Women's Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqi Qian
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Women's Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Department of Structure and Morphology, Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The Women's Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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12
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Liu R, Xu H, Guo X, Liu S, Qiao J, Ge H, Zheng B, Gou J. Genomic Characterization of Two Escherichia fergusonii Isolates Harboring mcr-1 Gene From Farm Environment. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:774494. [PMID: 35719362 PMCID: PMC9204285 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.774494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence and transmission of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes have led to a severe threat to humans and animals. Escherichia fergusonii is an emerging pathogen which is closely related to a variety of diseases. However, the report of mcr genes harboring E. fergusonii is still rare. One study in Brazil reported the E. fergusonii isolates with IncHI2-type plasmids harboring mcr-1. A Chinese study reported two strains carrying mcr-1 gene with the same plasmid type IncI2. Here, we identified two strains of E. fergusonii carrying mcr-1 gene from farm environments with IncX4-type and IncI2-type plasmids, respectively. To our best knowledge, this is the first report about mcr-1 gene located on IncX4-type plasmid in E. fergusonii. We investigate the resistance mechanism of colistin-resistant Escherichia fergusonii strains 6S41-1 and 5ZF15-2-1 and elucidate the genetic context of plasmids carrying mcr-1 genes. In addition, we also investigated chromosomal mutations mediated colistin resistance in these two strains. Species identification was performed using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The detection of mcr-1 gene was determined by PCR and Sanger sequencing. S1-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), Southern blotting, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, conjugation experiments, complete genome sequencing, and core genome analysis were conducted to investigate the characteristics of isolates harboring mcr-1. The mcr-1 genes on two strains were both plasmids encoded and the typical IS26-parA-mcr-1-pap2 cassette was identified in p6S41-1 while a nikA-nikB-mcr-1 locus sites on the conjugative plasmid p5ZF15-2-1. In addition, Core genome analysis reveals that E. fergusonii 6S41-1 and 5ZF15-2-1 have close genetic relationships. The mcr-1 gene is located on conjugative IncI2-type plasmid p5ZF15-2-1, which provides support for its further transmission. In addition, there’s the possibility of mcr-1 spreading to humans through farm environments and thereby threatening public health. Therefore, continuous monitoring and investigations of mcr-1 among Enterobacteriaceae in farm environments are necessary to control the spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruishan Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Guo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuxiu Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jie Qiao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Haoyu Ge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianjun Gou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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13
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Chen C, Xu H, Liu R, Hu X, Han J, Wu L, Fu H, Zheng B, Xiao Y. Emergence of Neonatal Sepsis Caused by MCR-9- and NDM-1-Co-Producing Enterobacter hormaechei in China. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:879409. [PMID: 35601097 PMCID: PMC9120612 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.879409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes represent an emerging threat to public health. Reports on the prevalence, antimicrobial profiles, and clonality of MCR-9-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex (ECC) isolates on a national scale in China are limited. We screened 3,373 samples from humans, animals, and the environment and identified eleven MCR-9-positive ECC isolates. We further investigated their susceptibility, epidemiology, plasmid profiles, genetic features, and virulence potential. Ten strains were isolated from severe bloodstream infection cases, especially three of them were recovered from neonatal sepsis. Enterobacter hormaechei was the most predominant species among the MCR-9-producing ECC population. Moreover, the co-existence of MCR-9, CTX-M, and SHV-12 encoding genes in MCR-9-positive isolates was globally observed. Notably, mcr-9 was mainly carried by IncHI2 plasmids, and we found a novel ~187 kb IncFII plasmid harboring mcr-9, with low similarity with known plasmids. In summary, our study presented genomic insights into genetic characteristics of MCR-9-producing ECC isolates retrieved from human, animal, and environment samples with one health perspective. This study is the first to reveal NDM-1- and MCR-9-co-producing ECC from neonatal sepsis in China. Our data highlights the risk for the hidden spread of the mcr-9 colistin resistance gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
| | - Ruishan Liu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xinjun Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jianfeng Han
- Sansure Biotech Inc. Medical Affairs Department, National Joint Local Engineering Research Center for Genetic Diagnosis of Infection Diseases and Tumors, Beijing, China
| | - Lingjiao Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Fu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Research Units of Infectious Diseases and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Beiwen Zheng, ; Yonghong Xiao,
| | - Yonghong Xiao
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Jinan Microecological Biomedicine Shandong Laboratory, Jinan, China
- Research Units of Infectious Diseases and Microecology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Beiwen Zheng, ; Yonghong Xiao,
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14
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Lai CKC, Ng RWY, Leung SSY, Hui M, Ip M. Overcoming the rising incidence and evolving mechanisms of antibiotic resistance by novel drug delivery approaches - An overview. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114078. [PMID: 34896131 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance is a normal evolutionary process for microorganisms. Antibiotics exerted accelerated selective pressure that hasten bacterial resistance through mutation, and acquisition external genes. These genes often carry multiple antibiotic resistant determinants allowing the recipient microbe an instant "super-bug" status. The extent of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has reached a level of global crisis, existing antimicrobials are no long effective in treating infections caused by AMR pathogens. The great majority of clinically available antimicrobial agents are administered through oral and intra-venous routes. Overcoming antibacterial resistance by novel drug delivery approach offered new hopes, particularly in the treatment of AMR pathogens in sites less assessible through systemic circulation such as the lung and skin. In the current review, we will revisit the mechanism and incidence of important AMR pathogens. Finally, we will discuss novel drug delivery approaches including novel local antibiotic delivery systems, hybrid antibiotics, and nanoparticle-based antibiotic delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher K C Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Rita W Y Ng
- Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Sharon S Y Leung
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Mamie Hui
- Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, 30-32 Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
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15
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OUP accepted manuscript. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2022; 369:6528371. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Qin J, Zhao Y, Wang A, Chi X, Wen P, Li S, Wu L, Bi S, Xu H. Comparative genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Citrobacter spp. strains in Fennec fox imported to China. Gut Pathog 2021; 13:59. [PMID: 34645508 PMCID: PMC8513245 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-021-00458-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the antimicrobial profiles and genomic characteristics of MDR-Citrobacter spp. strains isolated from Fennec fox imported from Sudan to China. METHODS Four Citrobacter spp. strains were isolated from stool samples. Individual fresh stool samples were collected and subsequently diluted in phosphate buffered saline as described previously. The diluted fecal samples were plated on MacConkey agar supplemented with 1 mg/l cefotaxime and incubated for 20 h at 37 °C. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) was used for identification. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on an Illumina Novaseq-6000 platform. Acquired antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmid replicons were detected using ResFinder 4.1 and PlasmidFinder 1.3, respectively. Comparative genomic analysis of 277 Citrobacter genomes was also performed. RESULTS Isolate FF141 was identified as Citrobacter cronae while isolate FF371, isolate FF414, and isolate FF423 were identified as Citrobacter braakii. Of these, three C. braakii isolates were further confirmed to be extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL)-producer. All isolates are all multidrug resistance (MDR) with resistance to multiple antimicrobials. Plasmid of pKPC-CAV1321 belong to incompatibility (Inc) group. Comparative genomics analysis of Citrobacter isolates generated a large core-genome. Genetic diversity was observed in our bacterial collection, which clustered into five main clades. Human, environmental and animal Citrobacter isolates were distributed into five clusters. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first investigation of MDR-Citrobacter from Fennec Fox. Our phenotypic and genomic data further underscore the threat of increased ESBL prevalence in wildlife and emphasize that increased effort should be committed to monitoring the potentially rapid dissemination of ESBL-producers with one health perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Qin
- Emergency Department of Taizhou Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Yishu Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Jinan, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aifang Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Zhucheng, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohui Chi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Wen
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuang Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lingjiao Wu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Bi
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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17
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Hu S, Lv Z, Wang Y, Shen J, Ke Y. Novel Quadruplex PCR for detecting and genotyping mobile colistin resistance genes in human samples. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2021; 101:115419. [PMID: 34610496 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2021.115419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Since 2016, several mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes have been identified worldwide. It's worth noting that only mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-8, and mcr-10 have been reported isolated directly from clinical samples which created greater risk to human health than other mcr gene types. A novel Quadruplex polymerase chain reaction (Quad-PCR) protocol was developed to detect and genotype transferable colistin-resistance genes (mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-8, mcr-10) in Enterobacteria for clinical laboratory purposes. The protocol was validated by testing 11 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and 3 clinical isolates of Klebsiella of human origin, each well characterized and prospectively validated. The Quad-PCR assay showed full concordance with whole-genome sequence data and displayed higher sensitivity and 100% specificity. The Quad-PCR assay achieved genotyping of mcr alleles (as singleton and mixture with double or triple gene types) described in one test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, PR China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, PR China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province, PR China.
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18
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Ali A, Fontana H, Sano E, Li R, Humayon M, Rahman S, Lincopan N, Mohsin M. Genomic features of a high-risk mcr-1.1-positive Escherichia coli ST10 isolated from cattle farm environment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:54147-54152. [PMID: 34389944 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The environment plays an important role in the dissemination of clinically relevant antimicrobial-resistant bacteria and genes. In this study, we described genomic features of a plasmid-mediated colistin-resistant mcr-1-positive Escherichia coli strains (PK-3225) isolated from a dairy farm wastewater sample. After initial isolation and PCR detection of mcr-1-positive E. coli, whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina Hiseq 2500 followed by in silico analysis. Genetic context surrounding the mcr-1 gene was determined and SNP-based phylogenomic analysis was performed. Furthermore, plasmid analysis and conjugation assays were performed to determine transferability of mcr-1. E. coli PK-3225 belonged to ST10 and carried a broad resistome that included colistin (mcr-1), beta-lactam (blaTEM-IB), tetracycline (tetB), phenicol (catA1), macrolide (mdfA), trimethoprim (dfrA17), aminoglycosides (aadA5, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id), and sulphonamide (sul2) resistance genes. The draft genome of E. coli calculated as 4.9 Mbp. Conjugation experiment showed successful transfer of the mcr-1 gene to E. coli recipient strain J53. In silico analysis showed that mcr-1 was located on IncI2 plasmid of > 59 kb in length, with the nikB-mcr-1-pap2 gene array, and lack ISApl1. The phylogenomic analysis revealed that the PK-3225 was closely related to human ST10 E. coli from Brazil and USA. To our knowledge, this is the first draft genome sequence of mcr-1 carrying E. coli isolated from the farm environment in Pakistan. Considering the high burden of colistin resistance in Pakistan, presence of pandemic high-risk E. coli clones in the environment requires strict surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Ali
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Herrison Fontana
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elder Sano
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Ruichao Li
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Muhammad Humayon
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sadeequr Rahman
- College of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences, Abdul Wali Khan University, Timergara Campus, Lower Dir, Pakistan
| | - Nilton Lincopan
- Department of Clinical Analysis, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, CEP 05508-000, Brazil.
| | - Mashkoor Mohsin
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
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19
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Ghosh A, Ghosh B, Mukherjee M. Epidemiologic and molecular characterization of β-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from asymptomatic hospitalized patients. Int Microbiol 2021; 25:27-45. [PMID: 34191193 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-021-00187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPECs) are the predominant cause of asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) and symptomatic UTI. In this study, multidrug-resistant (MDR) ABU-UPECs from hospitalized patients of Kolkata, India, were characterized with respect to their ESBL phenotype, acquisition of β-lactamase genes, mobile genetic elements (MGEs), phylotype property, ERIC-PCR profile, sequence types (STs), clonal complexes (CCs) and evolutionary and quantitative relationships and compared to the symptomatic ones to understand their epidemiology and evolutionary origin. Statistically significant incidence of ESBL producers, β-lactamase genes, MGEs and novel phylotype property (NPP) among ABU-UPECs similar to the symptomatic ones indicated the probable incidence of chromosomal plasticity on resistance gene acquisition through MGEs due to indiscriminate drug usage. ERIC-PCR typing and MLST analysis showed clonal heterogeneity and predominance of ST940 (CC448) among asymptomatic isolates akin to symptomatic ones along with the evidence of zoonotic transmissions. Minimum spanning tree analysis showed a close association between ABU-UPEC with known and unidentified STs having NPPs with isolates that belonged to phylogroups clade I, D, and B2. This is the first study that reported the occurrence of MGEs and NPPs among ABU-UPECs with the predominance of ESBL production which displayed the deleterious effect of MDR among this pathogen demanding alternative therapeutic interventions. Moreover, this study for the first time attempted to introduce a new approach to ascertain the phylotype property of unassigned UPECs. Withal, increased recognition, proper understanding and characterization of ABU-UPECs with the implementation of appropriate therapeutic measures against them when necessary are the need of the era which otherwise might lead to serious complications in the vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arunita Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Biplab Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India
| | - Mandira Mukherjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Biotechnology, School of Tropical Medicine, 108, C.R. Avenue, Kolkata, 700073, India.
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20
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Hu S, Lv Z, Wang Y, Shen J, Ke Y. Rapid detection of human origin colistin-resistance genes mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-8, mcr-10 in clinical fecal samples. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:4405-4417. [PMID: 34125247 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02407-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plasmid-mediated colistin-resistance genes have been reported in human origin clinical samples worldwide which raises its threats to human infections. Notably, mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-8, and mcr-10 have been reported isolated directly from clinical samples which creates more seriously threaten to human health than other mcr gene types. A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (Multi-PCR) protocol was developed to detect and genotype mobile colistin-resistance genes (mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-8, mcr-10) in Enterobacteria for clinical laboratory purposes. We first designed four pairs of new primers for the amplification of mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-8, and mcr-10 gene respectively to achieve stepwise separation of amplicons between 216 and 241 bp, and complete this Multi-PCR system with the assistance of another pair of universal primer. Among which the forward primers for mcr-8 and mcr-10 amplicons were identical. The protocol was validated by testing 11 clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and 3 clinical isolates of Klebsiella from human origin, each well characterized and prospectively validated. The Multi-PCR assay showed full concordance with whole-genome sequence data and displayed higher sensitivity and 100% specificity. The assay could detect all variants of the various mcr alleles described. The Multi-PCR assay successfully genotyped of mcr alleles described in one test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangfang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan district, Shenzhen City, 518055, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10083, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziquan Lv
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan district, Shenzhen City, 518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 10083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuebin Ke
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangdong Province, No. 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan district, Shenzhen City, 518055, People's Republic of China.
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21
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Vannakovida C, Lampang KN, Chuammitri P, Punyapornwithaya V, Kreausukon K, Mektrirat R. Comparative occurrence and antibiogram of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli among post-weaned calves and lactating cows from smallholder dairy farms in a parallel animal husbandry area. Vet World 2021; 14:1311-1318. [PMID: 34220136 PMCID: PMC8243667 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2021.1311-1318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Inappropriate overuse of antimicrobials might be associated with the spreading of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in animal-based food products. Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli have been recognized as an emerging global problem in a One Health approach. This study aimed to assess the occurrence and antimicrobial-susceptible profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli among post-weaned calves and lactating cows in a parallel animal husbandry area. Materials and Methods: Seventy-two pool fecal samples were collected from 36 smallholder dairy farms registered in Ban Hong Dairy Cooperatives, Lamphun Province, Thailand. Pre-enriched fecal samples were cultured in MacConkey agar supplemented with cefotaxime. The potential E. coli isolates were identified by not only biochemical tests but also polymerase chain reaction assay of the 16S rRNA gene. ESBL production was confirmed by the combination disk test. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: The occurrence of ESBL-producing E. coli at the farm level was 80.56%. The different phenotypic antibiogram of ESBL-producing E. coli was observed among post-weaned calf and lactating cow specimens. The most frequent resistance patterns of ESBL-producing isolates from both groups were amoxicillin-ceftiofur-cephalexin-cephalothin-cloxacillin-streptomycin-oxytetracycline-sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim. For the median zone diameter, enrofloxacin-resistant isolates with narrow zone diameter values from lactating cow specimens were particularly more than post-weaned calf specimens (p<0.05). Conclusion: These findings revealed the dynamic changes in ESBL-producing E. coli from calves and lactating cows in Lamphun Province, posing the inevitability to prevent bacterial transmission and optimize antimicrobial therapy in dairy farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chya Vannakovida
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kannika Na Lampang
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Phongsakorn Chuammitri
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Veerasak Punyapornwithaya
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Khwanchai Kreausukon
- Department of Food Animal Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Raktham Mektrirat
- Department of Veterinary Bioscience and Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand.,Epidemiology Research Group of Infectious Disease, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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22
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Nagy Á, Székelyhidi R, Hanczné Lakatos E, Kapcsándi V. Review on the occurrence of the mcr-1 gene causing colistin resistance in cow's milk and dairy products. Heliyon 2021; 7:e06800. [PMID: 33898852 PMCID: PMC8060599 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Both livestock farmers and the clinic use significant amount of antibiotics worldwide, in many cases the same kind. Antibiotic resistance is not a new phenomenon, however, it is a matter of concern that resistance genes (mcr - Mobilized Colistin Resistance - genes) that render last-resort drugs (Colistin) ineffective, have already evolved. Nowadays, there is a significant consumption of milk and dairy products, which, if not treated properly, can contain bacteria (mainly Gram-negative bacteria). We collected articles and reviews in which Gram-negative bacteria carrying the mcr-1 gene have been detected in milk, dairy products, or cattle. Reports have shown that although the incidence is still low, unfortunately the gene has been detected in some dairy products on almost every continent. In the interest of our health, the use of colistin in livestock farming must be banned as soon as possible, and new treatments should be applied so that we can continue to have a chance in fighting multidrug-resistant bacteria in human medicine.
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23
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Yang F, Tian X, Han B, Zhao R, Li J, Zhang K. Tracking high-risk β-lactamase gene (bla gene) transfers in two Chinese intensive dairy farms. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 274:116593. [PMID: 33548670 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Extended-spectrum β-lactam antibiotics are critically important antibiotics for humans, but their use in food-animals poses a potential threat for public health. This paper addressed the occurrence of high-risk β-lactamase genes (bla genes) in intensive dairy farms, and assessed the effects of different waste treatment technologies at dairies on the propagation and dissemination of bla genes. Results showed that ESBL genes (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1), ampC β-lactamase genes (blaampC) and carbapenemase genes (blaGES-1, blaNDM) were prevalent in dairy cow waste, and even prevailed through each processing stage of solid manure and dairy wastewater. Significant levels of bla genes were present in the final lagoon (from 104 to 106 copies/mL, representing from 10% to 151%, of raw influent levels), raising the possibility of dissemination to the receiving environment. This concern was validated by the investigation on farmland that had long-term undergone wastewater irrigation, where causing an increase in bla gene levels in soils (approximately 1-3 orders of magnitude). More troublesomely, considerable levels of certain bla genes were still observed in the bedding material (up to 105 and 107 copies/g), which would directly threaten the dairy cow health. Otherwise, correlation analysis showed that both bacterial community and environmental factors played important roles in the bla genes abundances in dairy farms. This study demonstrated the prevalence of high-risk bla genes in dairy farms, and also underscored that dairy waste was a non-ignored great source of multidrug resistance for their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Yang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Xueli Tian
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Bingjun Han
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Run Zhao
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China
| | - Keqiang Zhang
- Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Tianjin, 300191, China.
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24
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Shafiq M, Huang J, Shah JM, Wang X, Rahman SU, Ali I, Chen L, Wang L. Characterization and virulence factors distribution of bla CTX-M and mcr-1carrying Escherichia coli isolates from bovine mastitis. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:634-646. [PMID: 33411963 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the occurrence of ESBL and colistin-resistant E. coli and its genotypic characterization and identification of virulence determinants in cases of bovine mastitis in three provinces of China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five hundred and thirty-five milk samples presenting mastitis symptoms were screened for the presence of ESBL, colistin-resistant and different virulence genes. Susceptibility testing was identified by the micro-dilution method. Escherichia coli isolates were used to detect ESBL genes (blaCTX-M , blaSHV and blaTEM ) and colistin-resistant genes mcr-(1-9). Multiplex PCR approach was used for the detection of major blaCTX-M groups, different phylogroups and virulence genes. The clonal relationship was then evaluated with MLST, MLSA and PFGE. RESULTS Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found in more than 85% of ESBL and colistin-resistant E. coli isolates. Genotypic characterization showed a dominance of the blaCTX-M-1 group, and the most prevalent alleles observed were blaCTX-M-28 (38·37%), blaCTX-M-14 (17·44%), blaCTX-M-66 (13·95%) and blaCTX-M-55 (10·46%). The targeted virulence genes were detected in 97·89% of isolates. Sequence types ST58 and ST410 were the most predominant (2/20 = 20%). The majority of the E. coli isolates carrying ESBL and mcr-1 were clonally unrelated. CONCLUSION High level of association was observed between ESBL-producing and COL-resistance in E. coli of bovine mastitis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report which shows the genetic diversity of ESBL and mcr-1, and various virulent features of E. coli strains isolated from bovine clinical mastitis in three different provinces of China. The major carriers of the blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9 were blaCTX-M-28 and blaCTX-M-14 alleles respectively. The association of ESBL-producing E. coli with mcr-1 is of particular concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiq
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J M Shah
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S U Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - I Ali
- College of Animal Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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25
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Ramos S, Silva V, Dapkevicius MDLE, Caniça M, Tejedor-Junco MT, Igrejas G, Poeta P. Escherichia coli as Commensal and Pathogenic Bacteria Among Food-Producing Animals: Health Implications of Extended Spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) Production. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122239. [PMID: 33260303 PMCID: PMC7761174 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This revision is about the problem of Escherichia coli as a commensal and pathogenic bacterium among food-producing animals and health implications. Escherichia coli may play an important ecological role and can be used as a bioindicator of antimicrobial resistance. All animal species used for food production, as well as humans, carry E. coli in their intestinal tract; plus, the genetic flexibility and adaptability of this bacteria to constantly changing environments allows it to acquire a great number of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. The majority of E. coli strains are commensals inhabiting the intestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals and rarely causes diseases. However, E. coli also remains as one of the most frequent causes of several common bacterial infections in humans and animals. All over the word, antibiotic resistance is commonly detected among commensal bacteria from food-producing animals, raising important questions on the potential impact of antibiotic use in animals and the possible transmission of these resistant bacteria to humans through the food chain. The use, in food-producing animals, of antibiotics that are critically important in human medicine has been implicated in the emergence of new forms of resistant bacteria, including new strains of multidrug-resistant foodborne bacteria, such as extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. Abstract Escherichia coli are facultative, anaerobic Gram-negative rods with many facets. Within resistant bacterial populations, they play an important ecological role and can be used as a bioindicator of antimicrobial resistance. All animal species used for food production, as well as humans, carry E. coli in their intestinal tracts; plus, the genetic flexibility and adaptability of this bacteria to constantly changing environments allows it to acquire a great number of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. Thus, the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in these commensal bacteria (or others, such as enterococci) can be a good indicator for the selective pressure caused by the use of antimicrobial agents, providing an early warning of the emergence of antimicrobial resistance in pathogens. As many as 90% of E. coli strains are commensals inhabiting the intestinal tracts of humans and warm-blooded animals. As a commensal, it lives in a mutually beneficial association with its hosts and rarely causes diseases. However, E. coli also remains as one of the most frequent causes of several common bacterial infections in humans and animals. In humans, it is the prominent cause of enteritis, community- and hospital-acquired urinary tract infection (UTI), septicemia, postsurgical peritonitis, and other clinical infections, such as neonatal meningitis, while, in farm animals, it is more prominently associated with diarrhea. On a global scale, E. coli can be considered the most important human pathogen, causing severe infection along with other major bacterial foodborne agents, such as Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter. Thus, the importance of resistance in E. coli, typically considered a benign commensal, should not be underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sónia Ramos
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.R.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Silva
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.R.); (V.S.)
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Maria de Lurdes Enes Dapkevicius
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of the Azores, 9500-321 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal;
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research and Technology (IITAA), University of the Azores, 9500-321 Angra do Heroísmo, Portugal
| | - Manuela Caniça
- National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections (NRL-AMR/HAI), Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, Oporto University, 4051-401 Oporto, Portugal
| | - María Teresa Tejedor-Junco
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35001 Canary Islands, Spain
| | - Gilberto Igrejas
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal;
- Functional Genomics and Proteomics Unit, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Poeta
- Microbiology and Antibiotic Resistance Team (MicroART), Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; (S.R.); (V.S.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV-REQUIMTE), University NOVA of Lisboa, 2829-516 Lisbon, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +351-259-350-466
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Jiang B, Du P, Jia P, Liu E, Kudinha T, Zhang H, Li D, Xu Y, Xie L, Yang Q. Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Virulence of mcr-1-Positive Enterobacteriaceae in China, a Multicenter Longitudinal Epidemiological Study. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1611. [PMID: 32849334 PMCID: PMC7399235 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to investigate the prevalence of mcr-1-positive Enterobacteriaceae (MPE) in intra-abdominal infections (IAIs), urinary tract infections (UTIs), and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in China. A total of 6,401 Enterobacteriaceae isolates were collected consecutively from IAI, UTI, and LRTI patients in 19 hospitals across mainland China during 2014–2016. MPE isolates were screened by PCR detection for the mcr gene. The resistance profiles were tested by antimicrobial susceptibility test. All MPE isolates were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), multi-locus-sequence typing, O and H serotyping, and whole-genome sequencing. Among the 6,401 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 17 Escherichia coli strains (0.27%) were positive for the mcr-1 gene. The MPE prevalence rates in IAI, UTI, and LRTI patients were 0.34% (12/3502), 0.23% (5/2154), and 0% (0/745), respectively. The minimum inhibition concentrations (MICs) of colistin against 3 isolates were of 0.5–2 mg/L, and 4–8 mg/L against other 14 isolates. All the 17 isolates were susceptible to meropenem, imipenem, tigecycline, and ceftazidime/avibactam. The 17 MPE isolates belonged to 14 different ST types, and those that belonged to the same STs were not clonal by PFGE. The mcr-1-harboring plasmid of ten MPE isolates could transfer to the recipients by conjugation and the colistin MICs of the transconjugants ranged from 0.5 to 8 mg/L. Mcr-1-carrying plasmids from the 17 MPE isolates could be grouped into four clusters, including 8 IncX4 type, 4 IncI2 type, 4 IncHI2A type, and 1 p0111 type. Multiple-drug resistance genes and virulence genes were detected. In conclusion, the prevalence of MPE in IAI, UTI, and LRTI were low in China, and no clonal transmission was identified in our study. Most MPE isolates exhibited low-level colistin resistance. However, our study indicated that MPE isolates always carried a variety of drug resistance and virulence genes, which should be paid more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Pengcheng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyao Jia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate School, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Enbo Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Timothy Kudinha
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongxue Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingchun Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangyi Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qiwen Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Luo Q, Wang Y, Xiao Y. Prevalence and transmission of mobilized colistin resistance (mcr) gene in bacteria common to animals and humans. BIOSAFETY AND HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bsheal.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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Shen Y, Zhang R, Schwarz S, Wu C, Shen J, Walsh TR, Wang Y. Farm animals and aquaculture: significant reservoirs of mobile colistin resistance genes. Environ Microbiol 2020; 22:2469-2484. [PMID: 32114703 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Colistin resistance has attracted substantial attention after colistin was considered as a last-resort drug for the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant and/or multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria in clinical settings. However, with the discovery of highly mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes, colistin resistance has become an increasingly urgent issue worldwide. Despite many reviews, which summarized the prevalence, mechanisms, and structures of these genes in bacteria of human and animal origin, studies on the prevalence of mobile colistin resistance genes in aquaculture and their transmission between animals and humans remain scarce. Herein, we review recent reports on the prevalence of colistin resistance genes in animals, especially wildlife and aquaculture, and their possibility of transmission to humans via the food chain. This review also gives some insights into the routine surveillance, changing policy and replacement of polymyxins by polymyxin derivatives, molecular inhibitors, and traditional Chinese medicine to tackle colistin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Stefan Schwarz
- Institute of Microbiology and Epizootics, Centre for Infection Medicine, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - Congming Wu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jianzhong Shen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Timothy R Walsh
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease, Institute of Infection & Immunity, UHW Main Building, Heath Park Hospital, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Yang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Dantas Palmeira J, Ferreira HMN. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in cattle production - a threat around the world. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03206. [PMID: 32042963 PMCID: PMC7002838 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Food producing animal is a global challenge in terms of antimicrobial resistance spread. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are relevant opportunistic pathogens that may spread in many ecological niches of the One Health approach as human, animal and environment due to intestinal selection of antimicrobial resistant commensals in food production animals. Cattle production is a relevant ecological niche for selection of commensal bacteria with antimicrobial resistance from microbiota. Enterobacteriaceae show importance in terms of circulation of resistant-bacteria and antimicrobial resistance genes via food chain creating a resistance reservoir, setting up a threat for colonization of humans and consequent health risk. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a threat in terms of human health responsible for life threatening outbreaks and silent enteric colonization of community populations namely the elder population. Food associated colonization is a risk difficult to handle and control. In a time of globalization of food trading, population intestinal colonization is a mirror of food production and in that sense this work aims to make a picture of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in animal production for food over the world in order to make some light in this reality of selection of resistant threats in food producing animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josman Dantas Palmeira
- Microbiology - Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, REQUIMTE, Portugal
| | - Helena Maria Neto Ferreira
- Microbiology - Biological Sciences Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, REQUIMTE, Portugal
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Liu G, Ali T, Gao J, Ur Rahman S, Yu D, Barkema HW, Huo W, Xu S, Shi Y, Kastelic JP, Han B. Co-Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance ( mcr-1) and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Encoding Genes in Escherichia coli from Bovine Mastitic Milk in China. Microb Drug Resist 2019; 26:685-696. [PMID: 31755810 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Both mcr-1 phosphoethanolamine transferase enzymes and extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) are the main plasmid-mediated mechanisms of resistance to colistin and third-generation cephalosporins, respectively, and currently considered a major concern to humans and food animals. Prevalence of mcr-1 gene in Escherichia coli from dairy cattle has rarely been reported. Our objective was to determine prevalence and characteristics of mcr-1 carrying E. coli isolated from clinical mastitis cases in large dairy farms (>500 cows) in 16 provinces of China. A total of 249 E. coli was isolated from 2,038 mastitic milk samples. Among these isolates, 2.0% (n = 5) and 19.7% (n = 49) were colistin resistant mcr-1-positive and ESBL-producing isolates, respectively. All mcr-1-positive isolates that produced ESBLs also carried the blaCTX-M-15 gene and belonged to phylogroup-A. Most mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes were located on conjugative plasmids (IncP and IncF, respectively) that were successfully transferred to transconjugants in conjugation experiments. All mcr-1-positive E. coli isolates were multidrug resistant, exhibiting resistance to common antimicrobials. Multilocus sequence typing of these mcr-1-carrying E. coli isolates revealed four sequence types, reflecting substantial diversity. Multilocus sequence analysis detected evolutionary connection of mcr-1 carrying isolates with our recently reported ESBL-producing E. coli isolates, raising concerns regarding fast dissemination between bacteria. To our knowledge, this was the first nation-wide report describing isolates of E. coli from mastitic milk samples collected on large dairy farms in China, carrying mcr-1 and blaCTX-M-15 genes on conjugative plasmids. We concluded that dairy cattle are a potential source of mcr-1-carrying and ESBL-producing E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Liu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Tariq Ali
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- Center of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Veterinary Research Institute Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Jian Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Garden Campus, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Herman W Barkema
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Wenlin Huo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Yuxiang Shi
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
- College of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan, P.R. China
| | - John P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Bo Han
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, P.R. China
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Emergence and Comparative Genomics Analysis of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Carrying mcr-1 in Fennec Fox Imported from Sudan to China. mSphere 2019; 4:4/6/e00732-19. [PMID: 31748247 PMCID: PMC6887861 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00732-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence and genomic characteristics of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) in fennec fox imported from Sudan to China. We screened 88 fecal samples from fennec fox for ESBL-EC, using cefotaxime- and meropenem-supplemented selective medium. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by the agar dilution method except for colistin and tigecycline; for colistin and tigecycline, testing was conducted by the broth microdilution method. ESBL-EC bacteria were sequenced, and their genomes were characterized. Plasmid conjugation, S1 nuclease pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), and Southern blotting were performed for a MCR-1-producing isolate. The genetic environment of mcr-1 and ESBL genes was also investigated. A total of 29 ESBL-EC bacteria were isolated from 88 fennec fox (32.9%), while no carbapenemase producers were found. The most prevalent genotypes were the bla CTX-M-55 and bla CTX-M-14 genes, followed by bla CTX-M-15 and bla CTX-M-64 We detected nine sequence types among 29 ESBL-EC. Furthermore, the mcr-1 gene was detected in isolate EcFF273. Conjugation analysis confirmed that the mcr-1 gene was transferable. S1 PFGE, Southern blotting, and whole-genome sequencing revealed that mcr-1 and bla CTX-M-64 were both located on a 65-kb IncI2 plasmid. This study reports for the first time the occurrence of ESBL-EC in fennec fox. The high prevalence of ESBL producers and the occurrence of MCR-1 producer in fennec fox imported into China from Sudan are unexpected. In addition, it clearly demonstrated that commensal E. coli strains can be reservoirs of bla CTX-M and mcr-1, potentially contributing to the dissemination and transfer of such genes to pathogenic bacteria among fennec fox. Our results support the implication of fennec fox as a biological vector for ESBL-producing members of the Enterobacteriaceae family.IMPORTANCE The extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing members of the Enterobacteriaceae family are a global concern for both animal and human health. There is some information indicating a high prevalence of ESBL producers in food animals. Moreover, there have been an increasing number of reports on ESBL-producing strains resistant to the last-resort antibiotic colistin with the global dissemination of the plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene, which is believed to have originated in animal breeding. However, little is known regarding the burden of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae on wild animals. No data were available on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among wild animals imported into China. This is the first study to investigate the microbiological and genomics surveillance investigation of ESBL colonization among fennec fox (Vulpes zerda) imported from Sudan to China, and we uncovered a high prevalence of ESBL-EC. Furthermore, the underlying mechanism of colistin resistance in an isolate that harbored mcr-1 was also investigated. Results of characterization and analysis of 29 ESBL-producing E. coli may have important implications on our understanding of the transmission dynamics of these bacteria. We emphasize the importance of improved multisectoral surveillance for colistin-resistant E. coli in this region.
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Hu X, Yu X, Shang Y, Xu H, Guo L, Liang Y, Kang Y, Song L, Sun J, Yue F, Mao Y, Zheng B. Emergence and Characterization of a Novel IncP-6 Plasmid Harboring bla KPC-2 and qnrS2 Genes in Aeromonas taiwanensis Isolates. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2132. [PMID: 31572337 PMCID: PMC6751286 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dissemination of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs) among Gram-negative bacteria is an important threat to global health. However, KPC-producing bacteria from environmental samples are rarely reported. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying resistance mechanisms of three carbapenem-resistant Aeromonas taiwanensis isolates recovered from river sediment samples. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis indicated a close evolutionary relationship among A. taiwanensis isolates. S1-PFGE, Southern blot and conjugation assays confirmed the presence of blaKPC–2 and qnrS2 genes on a non-conjugative plasmid in these isolates. Plasmid analysis further showed that pKPC-1713 is an IncP-6 plasmid with a length of 53,205 bp, which can be transformed into DH5α strain and mediated carbapenems and quinolones resistance. The plasmid backbone of p1713-KPC demonstrated 99% sequence identity to that of IncP-6-type plasmid pKPC-cd17 from Aeromonas spp. and IncP-6-type plasmid: 1 from Citrobacter freundii at 74% coverage. A 14,808 bp insertion sequence was observed between merT gene and hypothetical protein in p1713-KPC, which include the quinolone resistance qnrS2 gene. Emergence of plasmid-borned blaKPC and qnrS2 genes from A. taiwanensis isolates highlights their possible dissemination into the environment. Therefore, potential detection of such plasmids from clinical isolates should be closely monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjun Hu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Yu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yibing Shang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihua Guo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yile Liang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yixin Kang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Li Song
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Jifeng Sun
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Yimin Mao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Beiwen Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Shafiq M, Huang J, Ur Rahman S, Shah JM, Chen L, Gao Y, Wang M, Wang L. High incidence of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli coharboring mcr-1 and bla CTX-M-15 recovered from pigs. Infect Drug Resist 2019; 12:2135-2149. [PMID: 31410033 PMCID: PMC6643958 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s209473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The coexistence of mobile colistin (COL)-resistant gene mcr-1 with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) gene in Escherichia coli has become a serious threat globally. The aim of this study was to investigate the increasing resistance to COL and in particular its coexistence with ESBL-producing E. coli recovered from pig farms in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS E. coli were isolated from 14 pig farms in Jiangsu China. Susceptibility testing was identified by micro-dilution method. PCR assay and nucleotide sequencing were used to detect COL-resistant genes, mcr-1 to -5, as well as ESBL genes, bla CTX-M, bla SHV and bla TEM. Conjugation experiment, plasmid replicon typing of the multidrug resistance (MDR), S1-PFGE and DNA southern hybridization were performed to study the transferability of these genes. RESULTS Overall, 275 E. coli isolates were recovered from a total of 432 cloacal and nasal swabs. More than 90% of the isolates were MDR, of which 70.18% were resistant to COL. Of these 275 isolates, mcr-1 was identified as the most predominant gene carried by 71.63% (197/275) of isolates, 39.59% (78/197) of the isolates were harboring both mcr-1 and ESBL genes (bla CTX-M, bla SHV and bla TEM). ESBL genotyping showed that bla CTX-M was the most predominant ESBL (68.49%) followed by bla SHV (16.4%) and bla TEM (15%). Sequencing revealed that the most common variants of bla CTX-M identified were, bla CTX-M-15 (69%), bla CTX-M-55 (29%) and bla CTX-M-1 (1.8%). IncHI2, IncFIB, IncFIC, IncN and IncX4 were found to be the most common Inc-types found both in donors and in transconjugants and were associated with the transfer of the mcr-1 and ESBL encoding genes. Six strains carried a total of five different plasmids: approximately 97-, 130-, 160-, 227- and 242-kb plasmids. CONCLUSION The coexistence of the mcr-1- and bla CTX-M-15-carrying isolates displaying high MDR, recovered from E. coli of pig origin, is a major concern for both humans and veterinary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shafiq
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinhu Huang
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Sadeeq Ur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Section Microbiology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - Jan Mohammad Shah
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Chen
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yi Gao
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mengli Wang
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Wang
- Moe Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, People’s Republic of China
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