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Kim E, Van Cain M, Hron JD. Job search strategies and early careers of clinical informatics fellowship alumni (2016-2022). J Am Med Inform Assoc 2024; 31:884-892. [PMID: 38300790 PMCID: PMC10990520 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report on clinical informatics (CI) fellows' job search and early careers. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the summer of 2022, we performed a voluntary and anonymous survey of 242 known clinical informatics fellowship alumni from 2016 to 2022. The survey included questions about their initial job search process; first job, salary, and informatics time after training; and early career progression over the first 1-6 years after fellowship. RESULTS Nearly half (101, 41.7%) responded to the survey. Median informatics time was 50%; most were compensated similar/better than a purely clinical position. Most reported CI fellowship significantly impacted their career, were satisfied with their first and current job after training, and provided advice for current fellows and CI education leaders. Graduates in 2022 had a median job search of 5 months, beginning 3-15 months before graduation; most had a position created for them. Nearly all graduates from 2016-2021 (61, 93.8%) had at least one change in roles/benefits since finishing training, with a trend for increased informatics time and salary. DISCUSSION There was a wide variety of roles, salary, and funding sources for CI positions. This highlights some of the unique challenges CI fellows face and the importance of networking. These results will help CI education leaders, fellows, alumni, and prospective fellowship applicants. CONCLUSION Graduates felt that CI fellowship had a significant impact on their career, were pleased with their first jobs and early career trajectory. Continued follow-up of the experience of new graduates and alumni is needed to assess emerging patterns over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham & Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Melissa Van Cain
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, United States
- Department of Medical Informatics, The University of Oklahoma-Tulsa, Tulsa, OK 74135, United States
| | - Jonathan D Hron
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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Patel TN, Chaise AJ, Hanna JJ, Patel KP, Kochendorfer KM, Medford RJ, Mize DE, Melnick ER, Hron JD, Youens K, Pandita D, Leu MG, Ator GA, Yu F, Genes N, Baker CK, Bell DS, Pevnick JM, Conrad SA, Chandawarkar AR, Rogers KM, Kaelber DC, Singh IR, Levy BP, Finnell JT, Kannry J, Pageler NM, Mohan V, Lehmann CU. Structure and Funding of Clinical Informatics Fellowships: A National Survey of Program Directors. Appl Clin Inform 2024; 15:155-163. [PMID: 38171383 PMCID: PMC10881258 DOI: 10.1055/a-2237-8309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2011, the American Board of Medical Specialties established clinical informatics (CI) as a subspecialty in medicine, jointly administered by the American Board of Pathology and the American Board of Preventive Medicine. Subsequently, many institutions created CI fellowship training programs to meet the growing need for informaticists. Although many programs share similar features, there is considerable variation in program funding and administrative structures. OBJECTIVES The aim of our study was to characterize CI fellowship program features, including governance structures, funding sources, and expenses. METHODS We created a cross-sectional online REDCap survey with 44 items requesting information on program administration, fellows, administrative support, funding sources, and expenses. We surveyed program directors of programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education between 2014 and 2021. RESULTS We invited 54 program directors, of which 41 (76%) completed the survey. The average administrative support received was $27,732/year. Most programs (85.4%) were accredited to have two or more fellows per year. Programs were administratively housed under six departments: Internal Medicine (17; 41.5%), Pediatrics (7; 17.1%), Pathology (6; 14.6%), Family Medicine (6; 14.6%), Emergency Medicine (4; 9.8%), and Anesthesiology (1; 2.4%). Funding sources for CI fellowship program directors included: hospital or health systems (28.3%), clinical departments (28.3%), graduate medical education office (13.2%), biomedical informatics department (9.4%), hospital information technology (9.4%), research and grants (7.5%), and other sources (3.8%) that included philanthropy and external entities. CONCLUSION CI fellowships have been established in leading academic and community health care systems across the country. Due to their unique training requirements, these programs require significant resources for education, administration, and recruitment. There continues to be considerable heterogeneity in funding models between programs. Our survey findings reinforce the need for reformed federal funding models for informatics practice and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar N. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Aaron J. Chaise
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - John J. Hanna
- Clinical Informatics Center, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Kunal P. Patel
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Karl M. Kochendorfer
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Richard J. Medford
- Clinical Informatics Center, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States
| | - Dara E. Mize
- Departments of Biomedical Informatics and Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Edward R. Melnick
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
- Department of Biostatistics (Health Informatics), Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States
| | - Jonathan D. Hron
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Kenneth Youens
- Department of Pathology, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, Texas, United States
| | - Deepti Pandita
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, United States
| | - Michael G. Leu
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States
- Information Technology Services, UW Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Information Technology Department, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Gregory A. Ator
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery and Clinical Informatics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States
| | - Feliciano Yu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States
| | - Nicholas Genes
- Ronald O. Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Carrie K. Baker
- Department of Family Medicine, Kettering Health, Indu and Raj Soin Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Douglas S. Bell
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Joshua M. Pevnick
- Department of Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Health System, Los Angeles, California, United States
| | - Steven A. Conrad
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Medicine, LSU Health Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana, United States
| | - Aarti R. Chandawarkar
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Nationwide Children's Hospital and The Ohio State, Columbus, Ohio, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Kendall M. Rogers
- Division of Hospital Medicine, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States
| | - David C. Kaelber
- Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, The MetroHealth System, and the Departments of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, and Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Ila R. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Bruce P. Levy
- Division of Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - John T. Finnell
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States
| | - Joseph Kannry
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
| | - Natalie M. Pageler
- Division of Clinical Informatics, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, United States
| | - Vishnu Mohan
- Department of Medical Informatics & Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States
| | - Christoph U. Lehmann
- Clinical Informatics Center, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas, United States
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You JG, Samal L, Leung TI, Dharod A, Zhang HM, Kaelber DC, Mishuris RG. A Call to Support Informatics Curricula in U.S.-Based Residency Education. Appl Clin Inform 2023; 14:992-995. [PMID: 37879358 PMCID: PMC10733056 DOI: 10.1055/a-2198-7788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline G. You
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Lipika Samal
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tiffany I. Leung
- Department of Internal Medicine (adjunct), Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Springfield, Illinois, United States
- Care and Public Health Research Institute, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ajay Dharod
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Informatics and Analytics, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Section on General Internal Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, United States
| | - Haipeng M. Zhang
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Division of Adult Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - David C. Kaelber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pediatrics and Population, and Quantitative Health Sciences, The Center for Clinical Informatics Research and Education, MetroHealth System, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Rebecca G. Mishuris
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
- Digital, Mass General Brigham, Somerville, Massachusetts, United States
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Lingham V, Chandwarkar A, Miller M, Baker C, Genes N, Hellems M, Khanna R, Mize D, Silverman H. A Systematic Approach to the Design and Implementation of Clinical Informatics Fellowship Programs. Appl Clin Inform 2023; 14:951-960. [PMID: 38057262 PMCID: PMC10700146 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1776404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical Informatics (CI), a medical subspecialty since 2011, has grown from the initial four fellowship programs accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) in 2014 to more than 50 and counting in the present day. In parallel, the literature guiding Clinical Informatics Fellowship training and the curriculum evolved from the original core content published in 2009 to the more recent CI Subspecialty Delineation of Practice and the updated ACGME Milestones 2.0 for CI. In this paper, we outline this evolution and its impact on CIF Curricula. We then propose a framework, specific processes, and tools to standardize the design and optimize the implementation of CIF programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Lingham
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Stony Brook Medicine, Stony Brook, New York, United States
| | - Aarti Chandwarkar
- Divisions of Clinical Informatics and Primary Care Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - Michael Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Carrie Baker
- Department of Family Medicine, Kettering Health, Indu and Raj Soin Medical Center, Dayton, Ohio, United States
| | - Nicholas Genes
- Ronald O Perelman Department of Emergency Medicine, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States
| | - Martha Hellems
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States
| | - Raman Khanna
- Division of Hospital Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco, California, United States
| | - Dara Mize
- Department of Biomedical Informatics and Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States
| | - Howard Silverman
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Arizona College of Medicine Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona, United States
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