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Bist RB, Yang X, Subedi S, Ritz CW, Kim WK, Chai L. Electrostatic particle ionization for suppressing air pollutants in cage-free layer facilities. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103494. [PMID: 38335670 PMCID: PMC10864805 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The increasing demand for cage-free (CF) poultry farming raises concern regarding air pollutant emissions in these housing systems. Previous studies have indicated that air pollutants such as particulate matter (PM) and ammonia (NH3) pose substantial risks to the health of birds and workers. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of electrostatic particle ionization (EPI) technology with different lengths of ion precipitators in reducing air pollutants and investigate the relationship between PM reduction and electricity consumption. Four identical CF rooms were utilized, each accommodating 175 hens of 77 wk of age (WOA). A Latin Square Design method was employed, with 4 treatment lengths: T1 = control (0 m), T2 = 12 ft (3.7 m), T3 = 24 ft (7.3 m), and T4 = 36 ft (11.0 m), where room and WOA are considered as blocking factors. Daily PM concentrations, temperature, and humidity measurements were conducted over 24 h, while NH3 levels, litter moisture content (LMC), and ventilation were measured twice a week in each treatment room. Statistical analysis involved ANOVA, and mean comparisons were performed using the Tukey HSD method with a significance level of P ≤ 0.05. This study found that the EPI system with longer wires reduced PM2.5 concentrations (P ≤ 0.01). Treatment T2, T3, and T4 led to reductions in PM2.5 by 12.1%, 19.3%, and 31.7%, respectively, and in small particle concentrations (particle size >0.5 μm) by 18.0%, 21.1%, and 32.4%, respectively. However, no significant differences were observed for PM10 and large particles (particle size >2.5 μm) (P < 0.10), though the data suggests potential reductions in PM10 (32.7%) and large particles (33.3%) by the T4 treatment. Similarly, there was no significant impact of treatment on NH3 reduction (P = 0.712), possibly due to low NH3 concentration (<2 ppm) and low LMC (<13%) among treatment rooms. Electricity consumption was significantly related to the length of the EPI system (P ≤ 0.01), with longer lengths leading to higher consumption rates. Overall, a longer-length EPI corona pipe is recommended for better air pollutant reduction in CF housing. Further research should focus on enhancing EPI technology, assessing cost-effectiveness, and exploring combinations with other PM reduction strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Bahadur Bist
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sachin Subedi
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Casey W Ritz
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Lilong Chai
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural & Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Li D, Tong Q, Shi Z, Zheng W, Wang Y, Li B, Yan G. Effects of Cold Stress and Ammonia Concentration on Productive Performance and Egg Quality Traits of Laying Hens. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10122252. [PMID: 33266274 PMCID: PMC7760501 DOI: 10.3390/ani10122252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In a cold climate, ensuring indoor air quality and heat preservation simultaneously has always been a difficult problem in the poultry house. The current study was carried out in order to determine the effects of chronic low temperature and ammonia concentration on productive performance and egg quality of commercial laying hens. 576 18-week-old Hy-line Brown hens were used in this study. Birds were housed in cages and received for 20-week exposure to low temperature and ammonia in six artificial environmental chambers. Birds were randomly assigned into six treatments: treatment 1 (T1, 20 °C, ≤5 ppm, control group), treatment 2 (T2, 20 °C, 20 ppm), treatment 3 (T3, 20 °C, 45 ppm), treatment 4 (T4, 8 °C, ≤5 ppm), treatment 5 (T5, 8 °C, 20 ppm) and treatment 6 (T6, 8 °C, 45 ppm). Daily feed intake (DFI), feed efficiency (FE), egg production (EP) and body weight (BW) were recorded and calculated from 19 weeks of age. Egg samples were collected at 22, 26, 30, 34 and 38 weeks of age and egg weight (EW), shell breaking strength (SBS), albumen height (AH), yolk weight (YW), shell weight (SW), shell thickness (ST) and Haugh unit (HU) were measured. The results of the present study indicated that low temperature and excessive ammonia decreased the EP of hens compared with those of the T1 birds. Low temperature increased DFI of hens thereby FE showed significant differences among treatments. During the early period of the experiment, low temperature treatment increased the BW of laying hens, but this trend of increase was suppressed by the treatment of ammonia with the prolongation of the experimental period. Egg quality was also affected by low temperature and excessive ammonia. At different experimental periods, egg quality traits of hens exposed to the cold and ammonia stress presented significant differences compared to those of control birds. The present study indicated that the effect of ammonia was more pronounced on hens than that of low temperature at the early and peak laying period in terms of several main traits of productive performance and egg quality under long term hens breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.L.); (Q.T.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (G.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qin Tong
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.L.); (Q.T.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (G.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhengxiang Shi
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.L.); (Q.T.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (G.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Weichao Zheng
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.L.); (Q.T.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (G.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.L.); (Q.T.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (G.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Baoming Li
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.L.); (Q.T.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (G.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Geqi Yan
- Department of Agricultural Structure and Bioenvironmental Engineering, College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; (D.L.); (Q.T.); (W.Z.); (Y.W.); (B.L.); (G.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100083, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, Beijing 100083, China
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Li D, Tong Q, Shi Z, Li H, Wang Y, Li B, Yan G, Chen H, Zheng W. Effects of chronic heat stress and ammonia concentration on blood parameters of laying hens. Poult Sci 2020; 99:3784-3792. [PMID: 32731964 PMCID: PMC7597921 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Less evidence is available currently to reveal whether the immune system and productivity of laying hens change under long periods of ammonia exposure in hot climate. The present study was conducted to determine the effects of chronic exposure to high temperature and ammonia concentrations on health, immune response, and reproductive hormones of commercial laying hens. A total of five hundred and seventy six 20-week-old laying hens (Hy-Line Brown) were used in this study. Birds were housed in cages (4 birds per cage) and received 16-wk treatments in 6 artificial environmental chambers. Hens were allocated to 6 treatments: treatment 1 (T1, 20°C, ≤5 ppm, control group), treatment 2 (T2, 20°C, 20 ppm), treatment 3 (T3, 20°C, 45 ppm), treatment 4 (T4, 35°C, ≤5 ppm), treatment 5 (T5, 35°C, 20 ppm), and treatment 6 (T6, 35°C, 45 ppm). Blood samples were collected at 22, 26, 30, 34, and 38 wk of age and plasma IgG, IgM, IgA, corticosterone (CORT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), and follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) were measured. The results of this study showed that high ambient temperature and excessive ammonia increased the concentration of IgG but decreased the concentration of IgA, T-AOC, LH, FSH, and E2 of hens compared with those of the control birds. From the age of 34 wk, significantly increased concentrations of IgG were observed in hens exposed to moderate and high levels of ammonia. CORT level showed marked differences between the treatments only at the age of 26 wk. In addition, LH and E2 of hens demonstrated significant differences among the treatments in the middle and later stages of the experiment, while FSH levels of the control birds were significantly higher than the others at the age of 38 wk. Excessive ammonia in high temperature was a physiological stress factor that had a negative effect, which inhibited immune function and impacted the reproductive hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Li
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, 100083, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Tong
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, 100083, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengxiang Shi
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, 100083, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, 100083, Beijing, China.
| | - Hao Li
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, 100083, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, 100083, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Baoming Li
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, 100083, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Geqi Yan
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, 100083, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, 100083, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, 071000, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Weichao Zheng
- College of Water Resources & Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, 100083, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment, 100083, Beijing, China; Beijing Engineering Research Center on Animal Healthy Environment, 100083, Beijing, China
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Yasmeen R, Ali Z, Tyrrel S, Nasir ZA. Assessment of Respiratory Problems in Workers Associated with Intensive Poultry Facilities in Pakistan. Saf Health Work 2020; 11:118-124. [PMID: 32206382 PMCID: PMC7078542 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2019.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The poultry industry in Pakistan has flourished since the 1960s; however, there are scarce data regarding the impact of occupational exposure on the pulmonary health of farm workers in terms of years working in the industry. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of poultry environment on the health of occupationally exposed poultry farmers in countries of warm climatic regions, such as Pakistan. This study will also show the effect of exposure to poultry facilities on the health of poultry farmers in the context of low-income countries with a relatively inadequate occupational exposure risk management. Materials and methods The lung function capacity of 79 poultry workers was measured using a spirometer. Along with spirometry, a structured questionnaire was also administrated to obtain information about age, height, weight, smokers/nonsmokers, years of working experience, and pulmonary health of farm workers. The workers who were directly involved in the care and handling of birds in these intensive facilities were considered and divided into four groups based on their years of working experience: Group I (3-10 months), Group II (1-5 years), Group III (6-10 years), and Group IV (more than 11 years). The forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and the FEV1/FVC ratio were considered to identify lung function abnormalities. Statistical analysis was carried out using independent sample t test, Chi-square test, Pearson's correlation, and linear regression. Results Based on the performed spirometry, 68 (86 %) of workers were found normal and healthy, whereas 11 (14 %) had a mild obstruction. Of the 11 workers with mild obstruction, the highest number with respect to the total was in Group IV (more than 11 years of working experience) followed by Group III and Group II. Most of the workers were found healthy, which seems to be because of the healthy survivor effect. For the independent sample t test, a significant difference was noticed between healthy and nonhealthy farmers, whereas Chi-square test showed a significant association with height, drugs, and working experience. Linear regression that was stratified by respiratory symptoms showed for workers with symptoms, regression models for all spirometric parameters (FVC, FEV1, and FEV1/FVC) have better predictive power or R square value than those of workers without symptoms. Conclusion These findings suggest that lung function capacity was directly related to years of working experience. With increasing number of working years, symptoms of various respiratory problems enhanced in the poultry workers. It should be noted that most of the poultry workers were healthy and young, the rationale being that there is a high turnover rate in this profession. The mobility in this job and our finding of 86% of the healthy workers in the present study also proposed healthy worker survivor effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roheela Yasmeen
- Lahore Garrison University, DHA Phase VI, Lahore, Pakistan.,University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Sean Tyrrel
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK 43 0AL, UK
| | - Zaheer Ahmad Nasir
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK 43 0AL, UK
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Guo L, Ma S, Zhao D, Zhao B, Xu B, Wu J, Tong J, Chen D, Ma Y, Li M, Chang Z. Experimental investigation of vegetative environment buffers in reducing particulate matters emitted from ventilated poultry house. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:934-943. [PMID: 31013201 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1598518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Scientists have effectively proved that vegetative environment buffers (VEBs) can be used for reducing dust emissions from livestock buildings, but they have seen fewer tests in poultry farms. A field research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of VEBs on reducing downwind transport of particulate matter (PM) from a ventilated poultry house in Changchun. Five plant species transferred from local area were used to establish five diverse VEBs and separately installed outside of the ventilation fans in summer 2017. The five plant species were Winged Euonymus (WE), Malus Spectabilis (MS), Padus Maackii (PAA), Acer Saccharum Marsh (ASM), and Padus Virginiana "Red Select Shrub" (PV_RSS). The mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 μm and 10 μm or less, respectively) were monitored at downwind and upwind sampling locations around the VEB. The results showed that with the presenting of VEBs, the particle concentrations at the downwind sampling point were significantly reduced compared with that at the upwind sampling point (p < 0.05). Specifically, compared to the control test without VEB, the VEB with PV_RSS had the best PM concentration reduction rate (CRR) of 47.24%±4.33% and 41.13%±5.83% for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. The rough surface of plant leaves may help intercept more PM, though it was also affected by other factors (such as the blade angle, the interaction with wind) needed to be further investigated. The VEB with PV_RSS, which presented the best capacity of CRR, selectively intercepted PM, mainly related to the elements of N, Na, Mg, P, S, and Cl. Implications: Five plant species, including WE, PAA, MS, ASM, and PV_RSS, were evaluated as VEBs to mitigate particulate emissions from outside of a ventilated poultry house in Changchun. They all significantly reduced particulate matter emissions. However, the PV_RSS presented the best capability of trapping fine and coarse particles: PM2.5 and PM10, respectively, while the PAA was the worst one. The microstructure of leaves affected particle deposition and remaining on the leaves, and PV_RSS selectively intercepted particulate matter mainly related to certain elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Guo
- a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
- b College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Shuli Ma
- a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
- b College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsen Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
- b College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhao
- a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
- b College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Bingfang Xu
- c Experimental Forest Farm of Jingyuetan , Changchun , China
| | - Jiwen Wu
- d Forest Farm #2 of Jingyuetan , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Tong
- a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
- b College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Donghui Chen
- a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
- b College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Yunhai Ma
- a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
- b College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Mo Li
- a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
- b College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyong Chang
- a Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, (Ministry of Education of China), Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
- b College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun , People's Republic of China
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Wang Y, Xue W, Zhu Z, Yang J, Li X, Tian Z, Dong H, Zou G. Mitigating ammonia emissions from typical broiler and layer manure management - A system analysis. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 93:23-33. [PMID: 31235054 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Broiler and layer productions are important ammonia (NH3) emission sources in the livestock industry. Here, we present the first meta-analysis and integrated assessment of NH3 emissions and mitigation potentials for typical broiler litter manure management system (MMS) and layer manure belt MMS based on data from 96 studies. A total of 10 integrated NH3 emission factors (EFs) and the NH3 mitigation efficiencies (MEs) of 14 available options were provided. The estimated NH3 emissions from the baseline scenarios of the broiler litter MMS and the layer manure belt MMS were 84.1 ± 5.9 kg AU-1 yr-1 and 53.5 ± 15.8 kg AU-1 yr-1, respectively. The NH3 mitigation for the broiler litter MMS should be focused on the in-house stage, while the mitigation in the layer manure belt MMS should be focused on the outdoor and land application stages. The recommended NH3 mitigation options for the in-house stage, the outdoor stage and the land application stage were acid scrubber (-92.5%), compost biofilter (-71.9%) and changing the manure surface application to incorporation (-83.0%), respectively. The recommended mitigation combinations of low crude protein (LCP) diet, acid scrubber, compost biofilter and manure incorporation achieved the highest NH3 mitigation efficiency from both broiler litter MMS and layer manure belt MMS, by 89.3% and 84.8%, respectively. The results of this study have important implications for developing sustainable poultry production systems from the viewpoint of NH3 mitigation. The environment issues such as the other reactive nitrogen emissions and the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions should also be considered in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
| | - Wentao Xue
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
| | - Zhiping Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Jinfeng Yang
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
| | - Xinrong Li
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA.
| | - Zhuang Tian
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
| | - Hongmin Dong
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Energy Conservation and Waste Treatment of Agricultural Structures, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Guoyuan Zou
- Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resources, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100087, China
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Li Z, Li B, Zheng W, Tu J, Zheng H, Wang Y. Optimization of a wet scrubber with electrolyzed water spray-Part II: Airborne culturable bacteria removal. JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION (1995) 2019; 69:603-610. [PMID: 30633629 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2019.1567622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Airborne microorganisms, especially the pathogenic microorganisms, emitted from animal feeding operations (AFOs) may harm the environment and public health and threaten the biosecurity of the farm and surrounding environment. Electrolyzed water (EW), which was considered to be an environmentally friendly disinfectant, may be a potential spraying medium of wet scrubber for airborne microorganism emission reduction. A laboratory test was conducted to investigate the airborne bacteria (CB) removal efficiency of the wet scrubber by EW spray with different designs and operating parameters. Both the available choline (AC) initial loss rate and AC traveling loss rate of acidic electrolyzed water (AEW; pH = 1.35) were much higher than those of slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW; pH = 5.50). Using one spraying stage with 4 m sec-1 air speed in the duct, the no detect lines (NDLs) of SAEW (pH = 5.50) for airborne Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enteritidis removal were all 50 mg L-1, whereas the NDLs of AEW (pH = 1.35) for airborne E. coli, S. aureus, and S. enteritidis removal increased to 70, 90, and 90 mg L-1, respectively. The NDLs of SAEW (pH = 5.50) for airborne E. coli, S. aureus, and S. enteritidis were lower than those of AEW (pH = 1.35) at single spraying stage. Increase in the number of stages lowered the NDLs of both SAEW (pH = 5.50) and AEW (pH = 1.35) for airborne E. coli, S. aureus, and S. enteritidis. EW with a higher available chlorine concentration (ACC) was needed at air speed of 6 m sec-1 to reach the same airborne CB removal efficiency as that at air speed of 4 m sec-1. The results of this study demonstrated that EW spray wet scrubbers could be a very effective and feasible airborne CB mitigation technology for AFOs. Implications: It is difficult to effectively reduce airborne bacteria emitted from animal feeding operations (AFOs). Electrolyzed water (EW) with disinfection effect and acidity is a potential absorbent for spray in wet scrubber to remove microorganisms and ammonia. Based on the field test results, a laboratory experiment we conducted this time was to optimize the design and operation parameters to improve the airborne bacteria removal efficiency. A better understanding of the EW application in the wet scrubber can contribute to the mitigation of airborne bacteria from animal houses and improve the atmosphere air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonggang Li
- a College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- c Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Baoming Li
- a College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- c Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Weichao Zheng
- a College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- c Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiang Tu
- a College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- c Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongya Zheng
- a College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- c Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment , Beijing , People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wang
- a College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- b Key Laboratory of Agricultural Engineering in Structure and Environment , Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs , Beijing , People's Republic of China
- c Beijing Engineering Research Center for Animal Healthy Environment , Beijing , People's Republic of China
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Bourassa D, Wilson K, Fairchild B, Czarick M, Buhr R. Microbiological Status of Broiler Respiratory Tracts Before and During Catching for Transport to the Processing Plant. J APPL POULTRY RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfy029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
Abstract
Research has shown that microclimate is determined not only by air microparticles, but also by the degree of air ionization. Ions affect the body through the respiratory tract and skin. Exposure of reared chickens to elevated air temperature (37°C–23°C) was found to accelerate the break-down of negative ions compared to temperature lower by 10°C. Negative air ionization offsets the adverse effect of elevated temperature on chickens. Higher (85%) air humidity during rearing of chickens was also observed to destroy negative ions. Research findings indicate that air ionization is an environmental element that contributes to improving performance in broiler chickens. Many studies have also confirmed a positive effect of air ionization on the body weight and health of piglets.
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Naseem S, King AJ. Ammonia production in poultry houses can affect health of humans, birds, and the environment-techniques for its reduction during poultry production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:15269-15293. [PMID: 29705898 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-2018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to greater consumption of poultry products and an increase in exports, more poultry houses will be needed. Therefore, it is important to investigate ways that poultry facilities can coexist in close proximity to residential areas without odors and environmental challenges. Ammonia (NH3) is the greatest concern for environmental pollution from poultry production. When birds consume protein, they produce uric acid, ultimately converted to NH3 under favorable conditions. Factors that increase production include pH, temperature, moisture content, litter type, bird age, manure age, relative humidity, and ventilation rate (VR). NH3 concentration and emissions in poultry houses depend on VR; seasons also have effects on NH3 production. Modern ventilation systems can minimize NH3 in enclosed production spaces quickly but increase its emissions to the environment. NH3 adversely affects the ecosystem, environment, and health of birds and people. Less than 10 ppm is the ideal limit for exposure, but up to 25 ppm is also not harmful. NH3 can be minimized by housing type, aerobic and anaerobic conditions, manure handling practices, litter amendment, and diet manipulation without affecting performance and production. Antibiotics can minimize NH3, but consumers have concerns about health effects. Administration of probiotics seems to be a useful replacement for antibiotics. More studies have been conducted on broilers, necessitating the need to evaluate the effect of probiotics on NH3 production in conjunction with laying hen performance and egg quality. This comprehensive review focuses on research from 1950 to 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Naseem
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - Annie J King
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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Ross M, Mason GJ. The effects of preferred natural stimuli on humans' affective states, physiological stress and mental health, and the potential implications for well-being in captive animals. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:46-62. [PMID: 28916271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to certain natural stimuli improves people's moods, reduces stress, enhances stress resilience, and promotes mental and physical health. Laboratory studies and real estate prices also reveal that humans prefer environments containing a broad range of natural stimuli. Potential mediators of these outcomes include: 1) therapeutic effects of specific natural products; 2) positive affective responses to stimuli that signalled safety and resources to our evolutionary ancestors; 3) attraction to environments that satisfy innate needs to explore and understand; and 4) ease of sensory processing, due to the stimuli's "evolutionary familiarity" and/or their fractal, self-repeating properties. These processes, and the benefits humans gain from natural stimuli, seem to be largely innate. They thus have strong implications for other species (including laboratory, farm and zoo animals living in environments devoid of natural stimuli), suggesting that they too may have nature-related "sensory needs". By promoting positive affect and stress resilience, preferred natural stimuli (including views, sounds and odours) could therefore potentially provide effective and efficient ways to improve captive animal well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misha Ross
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Georgia J Mason
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Wu Y, Yan F, Hu J, Chen H, Tucker C, Green A, Cheng H. The effect of chronic ammonia exposure on acute-phase proteins, immunoglobulin, and cytokines in laying hens. Poult Sci 2017; 96:1524-1530. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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13
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Battersby T, Whyte P, Bolton D. Protecting broilers against Campylobacter infection by preventing direct contact between farm staff and broilers. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2016.04.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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14
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Scientific Opinion on welfare aspects of the management and housing of the grand-parent and parent stocks raised and kept for breeding purposes. EFSA J 2010. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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15
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Cambra-López M, Aarnink AJA, Zhao Y, Calvet S, Torres AG. Airborne particulate matter from livestock production systems: a review of an air pollution problem. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:1-17. [PMID: 19656601 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/12/2009] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Livestock housing is an important source of emissions of particulate matter (PM). High concentrations of PM can threaten the environment, as well as the health and welfare of humans and animals. Particulate matter in livestock houses is mainly coarse, primary in origin, and organic; it can adsorb and contain gases, odorous compounds, and micro-organisms, which can enhance its biological effect. Levels of PM in livestock houses are high, influenced by kind of housing and feeding, animal type, and environmental factors. Improved knowledge on particle morphology, primarily size, composition, levels, and the factors influencing these can be useful to identify and quantify sources of PM more accurately, to evaluate their effects, and to propose adequate abatement strategies in livestock houses. This paper reviews the state-of-the-art of PM in and from livestock production systems. Future research to characterize and control PM in livestock houses is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Cambra-López
- Institute of Animal Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, Camino de Vera s.n., 46022 Valencia, Spain.
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Millner PD. Bioaerosols associated with animal production operations. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5379-85. [PMID: 19395257 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2008] [Revised: 03/05/2009] [Accepted: 03/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Air emissions from animal housing and manure management operations include a complex mixture of biological, microbial, and inorganic particulates along with odorous volatile compounds. This report highlights the state of current issues, technical knowledge, and remaining challenges to be addressed in evaluating the impacts of airborne microorganisms, dusts, and odorants on animals and workers at animal production facilities and nearby communities. Reports documenting bioaerosol measurements illustrate some of the technical issues related to sample collection, analysis, as well as dispersion and transport to off-farm locations. Approaches to analysis, mitigation and modeling transport are discussed in the context of the risk reduction and management of airborne spread of bioaerosols from animal operations. The need for standardization and validation of bioaerosol collection and analytical techniques for indoor as well as outdoor animal agriculture settings is critical to evaluation of health effects from modern animal production systems that are increasingly situated near communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia D Millner
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, EMFSL, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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