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Zheng X, Xia C, Liu M, Wu H, Yan J, Zhang Z, Huang Y, Gu Q, Li P. Role of folic acid in regulating gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids based on an in vitro fermentation model. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:40. [PMID: 38175236 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Folic acid deficiency is common worldwide and is linked to an imbalance in gut microbiota. However, based on model animals used to study the utilization of folic acid by gut microbes, there are challenges of reproducibility and individual differences. In this study, an in vitro fecal slurry culture model of folic acid deficiency was established to investigate the effects of supplementation with 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (MTHF) and non-reduced folic acid (FA) on the modulation of gut microbiota. 16S rRNA sequencing results revealed that both FA (29.7%) and MTHF (27.9%) supplementation significantly reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes compared with control case (34.3%). MTHF supplementation significantly improved the relative abundance of Firmicutes by 4.49%. Notably, compared with the control case, FA and MTHF supplementation promoted an increase in fecal levels of Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Pediococcus. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) analysis showed that folic acid supplementation decreased acetate levels and increased fermentative production of isobutyric acid. The in vitro fecal slurry culture model developed in this study can be utilized as a model of folic acid deficiency in humans to study the gut microbiota and demonstrate that exogenous folic acid affects the composition of the gut microbiota and the level of SCFAs. KEY POINTS: • Establishment of folic acid deficiency in an in vitro culture model. • Folic acid supplementation regulates intestinal microbes and SCFAs. • Connections between microbes and SCFAs after adding folic acid are built.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogu Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenlan Xia
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Manman Liu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongchen Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqian Yan
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Gu
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Microbial Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, People's Republic of China.
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Wang X, Qin Y, Li J, Huang P, Li Y, Huang J, Wang Q, Yang H. Vitamin B5 supplementation enhances intestinal development and alters microbes in weaned piglets. Anim Biotechnol 2024; 35:2335340. [PMID: 38587818 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2024.2335340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of different vitamin B5 (VB5) levels on intestinal growth and function of weaned piglets. Twenty-one piglets (7.20 ± 1.11 kg) were included in a 28-day feeding trial with three treatments, including 0 mg/kg (L-VB5), 10 mg/kg (Control) and 50 mg/kg (H-VB5) of VB5 supplement. The results showed that: Large intestine weight/body weight was the highest in H-VB5 group, Control and H-VB5 groups had significantly higher villus height and villus height/crypt depth than the L-VB5 in the ileum (p < .05). Goblet cells (ileal crypt) and endocrine cells (ileal villus) significantly increased in Control and H-VB5 (p < .05). The H-VB5 group exhibited significantly higher levels of ki67 and crypt depth in the cecum and colon, colonic goblet cells and endocrine cells were both rising considerably (p < .05). Isobutyric acid and isovaleric acid were significantly reduced in the H-VB5 group (p < .05), and there was a decreasing trend in butyric acid (p = .073). At the genus level, the relative abundance of harmful bacteria such as Clostridium_Sensu_Structo_1 Strecto_1, Terrisporbacter and Streptococcus decreased significantly and the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Turicibacter increased significantly in H-VB5 group (p < .05). Overall, the addition of 50 mg/kg VB5 primarily enhanced the morphological structure, cell proliferation and differentiation of the ileum, cecum and colon. It also had a significant impact on the gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Qin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yali Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Smołucha G, Steg A, Oczkowicz M. The Role of Vitamins in Mitigating the Effects of Various Stress Factors in Pigs Breeding. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1218. [PMID: 38672365 PMCID: PMC11047633 DOI: 10.3390/ani14081218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Good practices in farm animal care are crucial for upholding animal well-being, efficiency, and health. Pigs, like other farm animals, are exposed to various stressors, including environmental, nutritional, chemical, psychological, physiological, and metabolic stressors, which can disrupt their internal balance and compromise their well-being. Oxidative stress can adversely affect animal performance, fertility, and immunity, leading to economic losses for farmers. Dietary considerations are hugely important in attaining these objectives. This paper reviews studies investigating the impact of additional vitamin supplementation on stress reduction in pigs. Vitamin A can be beneficial in counteracting viral and parasitic threats. Vitamin B can be a potential solution for reproductive issues, but it might also be beneficial in reducing the effects of inappropriate nutrition. Vitamin C plays a vital role in reducing the effects of heat stress or exposure to toxins in pigs. Vitamin D proves to be beneficial in addressing stress induced mostly by infections and weaning, while vitamin E has been shown to mitigate the effects of toxins, heat stress, or transport stress. This review highlights the potential benefits of these dietary antioxidants in maintaining pig health, enhancing productivity, and counteracting the adverse effects of various stressors. Understanding the role of vitamins in pig nutrition and stress management is vital for optimising farm animal welfare and production efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Smołucha
- Department of Animal Molecular Biology, National Research Institute of Animal Production, ul. Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland; (A.S.); (M.O.)
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Zhang Y, Zhang X, Chen J, Jiang S, Han Y, Du H. Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation Improves the Intestinal Health of Offspring Porcine by Promoting the Proliferation and Differentiation of Intestinal Stem Cells. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3092. [PMID: 37835698 PMCID: PMC10571947 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal folic acid intake has important effects on offspring growth and development. The mechanism involved in the renewal of intestinal epithelial cells remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential effect of maternal folic acid supplementation during gestation and lactation on the structural and functional development of the small intestine in piglet offspring. Twenty-four Duroc sows were assigned to a control group (CON) and a folic-acid-supplemented group (CON + FA, supplemented with 15 mg/kg of folic acid). The results showed that maternal folic acid supplementation throughout gestation and lactation significantly increased the body weight, serum folate level, and intestinal folate metabolism in piglets. It also improved the villus length, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and transcript levels of nutrient transporters (GLUT4, SNAT2, FABP2, and SLC7A5) in piglets' duodenum and jejunum. In addition, maternal folic acid supplementation increased Ki67-positive cells and the expression of proliferation-related marker genes (C-Myc, CyclinD1, and PCNA) in piglets' intestinal stem cells. It also boosted the expression of genes associated with mature secreted cells (ChrA, Muc2, Lyz, Vil1), indicating enhanced proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells. These findings demonstrate that maternal folic acid supplementation enhances growth performance and gut health in piglet offspring by promoting epithelial cell renewal equilibrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shouchuan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yu Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huahua Du
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Dje Kouadio DK, Wieringa F, Greffeuille V, Humblot C. Bacteria from the gut influence the host micronutrient status. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-16. [PMID: 37366286 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2227888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiencies or "hidden hunger" remains a serious public health problem in most low- and middle-income countries, with severe consequences for child development. Traditional methods of treatment and prevention, such as supplementation and fortification, have not always proven to be effective and may have undesirable side-effects (i.e., digestive troubles with iron supplementation). Commensal bacteria in the gut may increase bioavailability of specific micronutrients (i.e., minerals), notably by removing anti-nutritional compounds, such as phytates and polyphenols, or by the synthesis of vitamins. Together with the gastrointestinal mucosa, gut microbiota is also the first line of protection against pathogens. It contributes to the reinforcement of the integrity of the intestinal epithelium and to a better absorption of micronutrients. However, its role in micronutrient malnutrition is still poorly understood. Moreover, the bacterial metabolism is also dependent of micronutrients acquired from the gut environment and resident bacteria may compete or collaborate to maintain micronutrient homeostasis. Gut microbiota composition can therefore be modulated by micronutrient availability. This review brings together current knowledge on this two-way relationship between micronutrients and gut microbiota bacteria, with a focus on iron, zinc, vitamin A and folate (vitamin B9), as these deficiencies are public health concerns in a global context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorgeles Kouakou Dje Kouadio
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France, France
| | - Frank Wieringa
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France, France
| | - Valérie Greffeuille
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France, France
| | - Christèle Humblot
- QualiSud, Univ Montpellier, Avignon Université, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Université de La Réunion, Montpellier, France
- French National Research Institute for Sustainable Development (IRD), Montpellier, France, France
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Wang L, Wang C, Peng Y, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Yin Y. Research progress on anti-stress nutrition strategies in swine. ANIMAL NUTRITION 2023; 13:342-360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023]
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Study on the Hepatoprotective Effect Mechanism of Polysaccharides from Charred Angelica sinensis on the Layer Chickens Based on the Detection of the Intestinal Floras and Short-Chain Fatty Acids of Cecal Contents and Association Analysis. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10030224. [PMID: 36977263 PMCID: PMC10058873 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
To analyze the intervention mechanism of polysaccharides from charred Angelica sinensis (CASP) on the liver injury caused by Ceftiofur sodium (CS) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from the perspective of the intestine. Ninety-four one-day-old laying chickens underwent free feeding and drinking water for three days. Then, fourteen laying chickens were randomly selected as the control group, and sixteen laying chickens were selected as the model group. Sixteen laying chickens in the rest were randomly selected as the intervention group of CASP. Chickens in the intervention group were given CASP by the oral administration (0.25 g/kg/d) for 10 days, the control and model groups were given the same amount of physiological saline. During the 8th and 10th days, laying chickens in the model and CASP intervention group were subcutaneously injected with CS at the neck. In contrast, those in the control group were subcutaneously injected with the same amount of normal saline simultaneously. Except for the control group, the layer chickens in the model and CASP intervention groups were injected with LPS after CS injection on the 10th day of the experiment. In contrast, those in the control group were injected with the same amount of normal saline at the same time. 48 h after the experiment, the liver samples of each group were collected, and the liver injury was analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscopy. And the cecum contents of six-layer chickens in each group were collected, and the intervention mechanism of CASP on the liver injury from the perspective of the intestine was analyzed by the 16S rDNA amplicon sequencing technology and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) detection of cecal contents based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS), and their association analysis was carried out. The results showed that the structure of chicken liver in the normal control group was normal, while that in the model group was damaged. The structure of chicken liver in the CASP intervention group was similar to the normal control group. The intestinal floras in the model group were maladjusted compared to the normal control group. After the intervention of CASP, the diversity, and richness of chicken intestinal floras changed significantly. It was speculated that the intervention mechanism of CASP on the chicken liver injury might be related to the abundance and proportion of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Compared with the model group, the indexes of ace, chao1, observed species, and PD whole tree of chicken cecum floras in the intervention group of CASP were significantly increased (p < 0.05). The contents of acetic acid, butyric acid, and total SCFAs in the intervention group of CASP were significantly lower than those in the model group (p < 0.05), and the contents of propionic acid and valeric acid in the intervention group of CASP were significantly lower than those in the model group (p < 0.05) and normal control group (p < 0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the changes in the intestinal floras were correlated with the changes in SCFAs in the cecum. It is confirmed that the liver-protecting effect of CASP is indeed related to the changes in the intestinal floras and SCFAs content in the cecum, which provides a basis for screening liver-protecting alternative antibiotics products for poultry.
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Liu Y, Yang J, Liu X, Liu R, Wang Y, Huang X, Li Y, Liu R, Yang X. Dietary folic acid addition reduces abdominal fat deposition mediated by alterations in gut microbiota and SCFA production in broilers. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2023; 12:54-62. [PMID: 36439290 PMCID: PMC9684696 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Intensive selective breeding for high growth rate and body weight cause excess abdominal fat in broilers. Gut microbiota and folic acid were reported to regulate lipid metabolism. A total of 210 one-day-old broilers were divided into the control (folic acid at 1.3 mg/kg) and folic acid groups (folic acid at 13 mg/kg) to illustrate the effects of folic acid on growth performance, abdominal fat deposition, and gut microbiota, and the experiment lasted 28 d. Results revealed that dietary folic acid addition decreased abdominal fat percentage (P < 0.05) and down-regulated genes expression related to cell proliferation and differentiation in abdominal fat including IGF1, EGF, C/EBPα, PPARγ, PLIN1, FABP4 and PCNA (P < 0.05). Folic acid addition decreased caecal Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio (P < 0.01) and increased the proportions of Alistipes, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Clostridium, Dehalobacterium and Parabacteroides (P < 0.05). Caecal acetic acid, and propionic acid contents were found to be higher under folic acid treatment (P < 0.05), which were negatively related to genes expression associated with adipocyte proliferation and differentiation (P < 0.05). Ruminococcus was positively correlated with caecal acetic acid content, and the same phenomenon was detected between propionic acid and Oscillospira and Ruminococcus (P < 0.05). Acetic acid and Oscillospira were identified to be negatively associated with abdominal fat percentage (P < 0.05). In conclusion, our data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of folic acid reduced fat deposition in broilers by inhibiting abdominal adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, which might be mediated by changes in gut microbiota and short chain fatty acid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jiantao Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xinhuo Huang
- Nano Vitamin Engineering Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an 710000, China
| | - Yingge Li
- Shaanxi Province Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Station, Xi'an 710016, China
| | - Ruifang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiaojun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
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Wang C, Zhang J, Guo G, Huo W, Xia CQ, Chen L, Zhang Y, Pei C, Liu Q. Effects of folic acid and riboflavin on growth performance, nutrient digestion and rumen fermentation in Angus bulls. Br J Nutr 2023; 129:1-9. [PMID: 35225178 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114522000630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the influences of coated folic acid (CFA) and coated riboflavin (CRF) on bull performance, nutrients digestion and ruminal fermentation. Forty-eight Angus bulls based on a randomised block and 2 × 2 factorial design were assigned to four treatments. The CFA of 0 or 6 mg of folic acid/kg DM was supplemented in diets with CRF 0 or 60 mg riboflavin (RF)/kg DM. Supplementation of CRF in diets with CFA had greater increase in daily weight gain and feed efficiency than in diets without CFA. Supplementation with CFA or CRF enhanced digestibility of DM, organic matter, crude protein, neutral-detergent fibre and non-fibre carbohydrate. Ruminal pH and ammonia N content decreased and total volatile fatty acids concentration and acetate to propionate ratio elevated for CFA or CRF addition. Supplement of CFA or CRF increased the activities of fibrolytic enzymes and the numbers of total bacteria, protozoa, fungi, dominant fibrolytic bacteria and Prevotella ruminicola. The activities of α-amylase, protease and pectinase and the numbers of Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens and Ruminobacter amylophilus were increased by CFA but were unaffected by CRF. Blood concentration of folate elevated and homocysteine decreased for CFA addition. The CRF supplementation elevated blood concentrations of folate and RF. These findings suggested that CFA or CRF inclusion had facilitating effects on performance and ruminal fermentation, and combined addition of CFA and CRF had greater increase in performance than CFA or CRF addition alone in bulls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Wang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Guo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjie Huo
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Cheng Qiang Xia
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Chen
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Caixia Pei
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Liu
- College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801, Shanxi, P. R. People's Republic of China
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Li A, Wang M, Zhang Y, Lin Z, Xu M, Wang L, Kulyar MFEA, Li J. Complete genome analysis of Bacillus subtilis derived from yaks and its probiotic characteristics. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:1099150. [PMID: 36713867 PMCID: PMC9875379 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1099150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have attracted attention due to their multiple health benefits to the host. Yaks inhabiting the Tibetan plateau exhibit excellent disease resistance and tolerance, which may be associated with their inner probiotics. Currently, research on probiotics mainly focuses on their positive effects on the host, but information regarding their genome remains unclear. To reveal the potential functional genes of Bacillus subtilis isolated from yaks, we sequenced its whole genome. Results indicated that the genomic length of Bacillus subtilis was 866,044,638 bp, with 4,429 coding genes. The genome of this bacteria was composed of one chromosome and one plasmid with lengths of 4,214,774 and 54,527 bp, respectively. Moreover, Bacillus subtilis contained 86 tRNAs, 27 rRNAs (9 16S_rRNA, 9 23S_rRNA, and 9 5S_rRNA), and 114 other ncRNA. KEGG annotation indicated that most genes in Bacillus subtilis were associated with biosynthesis of amino acids, carbon metabolism, purine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and ABC transporters. GO annotation demonstrated that most genes in Bacillus subtilis were related to nucleic acid binding transcription factor activity, transporter activity, antioxidant activity, and biological adhesion. EggNOG uncovered that most genes in Bacillus subtilis were related to energy production and conversion, amino acid transport and metabolism, carbohydrate transport and metabolism. CAZy annotation found glycoside hydrolases (33.65%), glycosyl transferases (22.11%), polysaccharide lyases (3.84%), carbohydrate esterases (14.42%), auxiliary activities (3.36%), and carbohydrate-binding modules (22.59%). In conclusion, this study investigated the genome and genetic properties of Bacillus subtilis derived from yaks, which contributed to understanding the potential prebiotic mechanism of probiotics from the genetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoyun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Animal Science, Wenzhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengrong Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengen Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,Department of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiakui Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China,College of Animals Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University, Linzhi, China,*Correspondence: Jiakui Li ✉
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Weng RX, Wei YX, Li YC, Xu X, Zhuang JB, Xu GY, Li R. Folic acid attenuates chronic visceral pain by reducing clostridiales abundance and hydrogen sulfide production. Mol Pain 2023; 19:17448069221149834. [PMID: 36550612 PMCID: PMC9830571 DOI: 10.1177/17448069221149834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) related chronic visceral pain affects 20% of people worldwide. The treatment options are very limited. Although the scholarly reviews have appraised the potential effects of the intestinal microbiota on intestinal motility and sensation, the exact mechanism of intestinal microbiota in IBS-like chronic visceral pain remains largely unclear. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Folic Acid (FA) attenuated visceral pain and its possible mechanisms. Chronic visceral hyperalgesia was induced in rats by neonatal colonic inflammation (NCI). 16S rDNA analysis of fecal samples from human subjects and rats was performed. Patch clamp recording was used to determine synaptic transmission of colonic-related spinal dorsal horn. Alpha diversity of intestinal flora was increased in patients with IBS, as well as the obviously increased abundance of Clostridiales order (a main bacteria producing hydrogen sulfide). The hydrogen sulfide content was positive correlation with visceral pain score in patients with IBS. Consistently, NCI increased Clostridiales frequency and hydrogen sulfide content in feces of adult rats. Notably, the concentration of FA was markedly decreased in peripheral blood of IBS patients compared with non-IBS human subjects. FA supplement alleviated chronic visceral pain and normalized the Clostridiales frequency in NCI rats. In addition, FA supplement significantly reduced the frequency of sEPSCs of neurons in the spinal dorsal horn of NCI rats. Folic Acid treatment attenuated chronic visceral pain of NCI rats through reducing hydrogen sulfide production from Clostridiales in intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Xia Weng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China,Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China,Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ying-Xue Wei
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yong-Chang Li
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xue Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Bo Zhuang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The People’s Hospital of Suzhou New District, Suzhou, P. R. China
| | - Guang-Yin Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, P. R. China,Guang-Yin Xu, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 199 Renai Rd, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
| | - Rui Li
- Guang-Yin Xu, Center for Translational Pain Medicine, Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, 199 Renai Rd, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China.
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12
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Wan Z, Zheng J, Zhu Z, Sang L, Zhu J, Luo S, Zhao Y, Wang R, Zhang Y, Hao K, Chen L, Du J, Kan J, He H. Intermediate role of gut microbiota in vitamin B nutrition and its influences on human health. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1031502. [PMID: 36583209 PMCID: PMC9792504 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1031502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B consists of a group of water-soluble micronutrients that are mainly derived from the daily diet. They serve as cofactors, mediating multiple metabolic pathways in humans. As an integrated part of human health, gut microbiota could produce, consume, and even compete for vitamin B with the host. The interplay between gut microbiota and the host might be a crucial factor affecting the absorbing processes of vitamin B. On the other hand, vitamin B supplementation or deficiency might impact the growth of specific bacteria, resulting in changes in the composition and function of gut microbiota. Together, the interplay between vitamin B and gut microbiota might systemically contribute to human health. In this review, we summarized the interactions between vitamin B and gut microbiota and tried to reveal the underlying mechanism so that we can have a better understanding of its role in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wan
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - Lan Sang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinwei Zhu
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shizheng Luo
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixin Zhao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruirui Wang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yicui Zhang
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Kun Hao
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Du
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Juntao Kan
- Nutrilite Health Institute, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Juntao Kan,
| | - Hua He
- Center of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China,Hua He,
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13
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Wang Z, Zeng X, Zhang C, Wang Q, Zhang W, Xie J, Chen J, Hu Q, Wang Q, Yang H, Yin Y. Higher niacin intakes improve the lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. Front Nutr 2022; 9:959039. [PMID: 36276825 PMCID: PMC9582987 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.959039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the local pig breeds in China with a high fat rate, improving the lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs through nutritional intervention is an urgent issue to be solved. As an important feed additive, niacin plays an important role in lipid metabolism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation and mechanism of niacin on fat deposition in Ningxiang pigs. Thirty-four Ningxiang pigs (53.34 ± 2.78 kg) were randomly divided into two groups with five replicates each, with three to four Ningxiang pigs per replicate. The control group was fed a basal diet (contained 22 mg/kg niacin), and the experimental group was fed the same diet supplemented with an additional 100 mg/kg of niacin. The experimental period lasted 60 days. One Ningxiang pig was selected for slaughter sampling for each replicate. This study found that lean meat percentage of Ningxiang pigs in the experimental group was significantly increased (P < 0.05), accompanied by a significant decrease in fat percentage (P < 0.05). 16S rRNA sequencing analysis found an abundance of Streptococcus in the experimental group (P < 0.05), along with significantly decreased levels of Lactobacillus (P < 0.05). The changes in some OTUs belonging to Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, and Actinobacteriota were closely related to the changes in the fat rate and lean meat rate of Ningxiang pigs (P < 0.05). LC–MS metabolomics analysis found that about 43.75% of the differential metabolites were related to lipids and lipid-like molecules in the liver (P < 0.05). Spearman's correlation analysis showed correlations between the carcass traits, microbiota, and liver metabolites. In conclusion, niacin improves lean meat percentage and reduces fat deposition by regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota composition in Ningxiang pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaobin Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xianglin Zeng
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Junyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Qin Hu
- Anyou Biotechnology Group Co., Ltd., Taicang, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Qiye Wang
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,Huansheng Yang
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Function and Regulation, Hunan International Joint Laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China,Key Laboratory of Subtropical Agro-ecological Processes, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China,National Center of Technology Innovation for Synthetic Biology, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China
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14
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Guetterman HM, Huey SL, Knight R, Fox AM, Mehta S, Finkelstein JL. Vitamin B-12 and the Gastrointestinal Microbiome: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr 2021; 13:S2161-8313(22)00075-8. [PMID: 34612492 PMCID: PMC8970816 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin B-12 deficiency is a major public health problem affecting individuals across the lifespan, with known hematological, neurological, and obstetric consequences. Emerging evidence suggests that vitamin B-12 may have an important role in other aspects of human health, including the composition and function of the gastrointestinal (gut) microbiome. Vitamin B-12 is synthesized and utilized by bacteria in the human gut microbiome and is required for over a dozen enzymes in bacteria, compared to only two in humans. However, the impact of vitamin B-12 on the gut microbiome has not been established. This systematic review was conducted to examine the evidence that links vitamin B-12 and the gut microbiome. A structured search strategy was used to identify in vitro, animal, and human studies that assessed vitamin B-12 status, dietary intake, or supplementation, and the gut microbiome using culture-independent techniques. A total of 22 studies (3 in vitro, 8 animal, 11 human observational studies) were included. Nineteen studies reported vitamin B-12 intake, status, or supplementation was associated with gut microbiome outcomes, including beta-diversity, alpha-diversity, relative abundance of bacteria, functional capacity, or short chain fatty acid production. Evidence suggests vitamin B-12 may be associated with changes in bacterial abundance. While results from in vitro studies suggest vitamin B-12 may increase alpha-diversity and shift gut microbiome composition (beta-diversity), findings from animal studies and observational human studies were heterogeneous. Based on evidence from in vitro and animal studies, microbiome outcomes may differ by cobalamin form and co-intervention. To date, few prospective observational studies and no randomized trials have been conducted to examine the effects of vitamin B-12 on the human gut microbiome. The impact of vitamin B-12 on the gut microbiome needs to be elucidated to inform screening and public health interventions. Statement of significance: Vitamin B-12 is synthesized and utilized by bacteria in the human gut microbiome and is required by over a dozen enzymes in bacteria. However, to date, no systematic reviews have been conducted to evaluate the impact of vitamin B-12 on the gut microbiome, or its implications for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samantha L Huey
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA,Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Allison M Fox
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Saurabh Mehta
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA,Division of Epidemiology, Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA,Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Global Health, and Technology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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15
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Akinyemi FT, Adewole DI. Effect of dietary folic acid and energy density on immune response, gut morphology, and oxidative status in blood and breast muscle of broiler chickens. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2021-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Folic acid (FA) plays essential roles in many metabolic functions and has been reported to have antioxidant effects. Therefore, dietary supplementation with high levels of FA may improve gut health and prevent potential oxidative stress caused by feeding a high energy density diet to broiler chickens. Broiler chickens were assigned into eight treatments, consisting of either a normal energy (NE) or high energy (HE) density diet, and four FA levels (2.2, 5, 10, and 15 ppm). Data were analyzed by SAS 16 GLM procedure. Birds-fed HE diets had increased (P < 0.05) plasma concentrations of calcium and albumin but reduced (P < 0.005) weights of ceca and bursa compared with those fed NE diets. Dietary supplementation with 10 ppm FA significantly increased (P < 0.05) birds’ heart weight and bile acid concentration. Folic acid and energy density interactions were significant for jejunal villus height (VH; P = 0.0226), villus width (VW; P < 0.0001), and crypt depth (CD; P = 0.0332). Among the NE group, birds fed 5–15 ppm FA had reduced (P < .0001) VW, while in the HE groups, 15 ppm FA supplementation resulted in an increased jejunal VH (P = 0.0317) compared with other treatments. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with increased levels of FA in HE diets could be beneficial for the intestinal health of broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fisayo T. Akinyemi
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Deborah I. Adewole
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Department of Animal Science and Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
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