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Yin C, Wen X, Dang G, Zhong R, Meng Q, Feng X, Liu L, Wu S, He J, Chen L, Zhang H. Modulation of pectin on intestinal barrier function via changes in microbial functional potential and bile acid metabolism. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 124:109491. [PMID: 37865382 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Weaning is one of the major factors that cause stress and intestinal infection in infants and in young animals due to an immature intestine and not fully developed immune functions. Pectin (PEC), a prebiotic polysaccharide, has attracted considerable attention in intestinal epithelial signaling and function via modulation of the microbial community. A total of 16 weaned piglets (21-d-old) were randomly assigned into two groups: control group and PEC group. Supplementation of 5% pectin improved intestinal mucosal barrier function by modulating the composition of the bile acid pool in piglets. Specifically, piglets in PEC group had less serum D-lactate content and alkaline phosphatase activity. In the ileum, dietary pectin increased the number of crypt PAS/AB-positive goblet cells and the mRNA expressions of MUC2, ZO-1, and Occludin. Piglets in PEC group displayed a decreased abundance of Enterococcus (2.71 vs. 65.92%), but the abundances of Lactobacillus (30.80 vs. 7.93%), Streptococcus (21.41 vs. 14.81%), and Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (28.34 vs. 0.01%) were increased. Elevated concentrations of bile acids especially hyocholic acid species (HCAs) including HCA, HDCA, and THDCA were also observed. Besides, correlation analysis revealed that dietary pectin supplementation may have beneficial effects through stimulation of the crosstalk between gut microbes and bile acid synthesis within the enterohepatic circulation. Thus, dietary pectin supplementation exhibited a further positive effect on the healthy growth and development of weaned piglets. These findings suggest pectin supplementation as the prebiotic is beneficial for gut health and improvement of weaned stress via regulating microbiota and bile acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Guoqi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Shusong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China; College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Jianhua He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, P. R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China
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Balderas C, de Ancos B, Sánchez-Moreno C. Bile Acids and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Are Modulated after Onion and Apple Consumption in Obese Zucker Rats. Nutrients 2023; 15:3035. [PMID: 37447361 PMCID: PMC10347221 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Gut microorganisms are involved in the development and severity of different cardiovascular diseases, and increasing evidence has indicated that dietary fibre and polyphenols can interact with the intestinal microbiota. The study objective was to investigate the effect of onion and apple intake on the major types of microbial-derived molecules, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and bile acids (BAs). Obese Zucker rats were randomly assigned (n = eight rats/group) to a standard diet (OC), a standard diet/10% onion (OO), or a standard diet/10% apple (OA). Lean Zucker rats fed a standard diet served as a lean control (LC) group. Faecal samples were collected at baseline, and 8 weeks later, the composition of the microbial community was measured, and BA and SCFA levels were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), respectively. Rats fed onion- and apple-enriched diets had increased abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Bifidobacterium spp. and Lactobacillus spp., enhanced SCFAs (acetic, propionic, isobutyric, and valeric acids), decreased excretion of some BAs, mainly of the primary (CA, α-MCA, and β-MCA) and secondary type (ω-MCA, HDCA, NCA, DCA, and LCA), and increased amount of taurine- and glycine-conjugated BAs compared to the OC group. The contribution of specific bioactive compounds and their metabolites in the regulation of the microbiome and the pathways linked to SCFA and BA formation and their relationship with some diseases needs further research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Concepción Sánchez-Moreno
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), ES-28040 Madrid, Spain (B.d.A.)
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Wang Y, Xing X, Ma Y, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Nan B, Li X, Wang Y, Liu J. Prevention of High-Fat-Diet-Induced Dyslipidemia by Lactobacillus plantarum LP104 through Mediating Bile Acid Enterohepatic Axis Circulation and Intestinal Flora. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:7334-7347. [PMID: 37097222 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c09151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to investigate the alleviative mechanism of Lactobacillus plantarum LP104 (LP104) isolated from kimchi on high-fat-diet-induced dyslipidemia by targeting the intestinal flora and bile acid (BA) metabolism. Oral administration of LP104 over 8 weeks reduced body weight gain and body fat, as well as ameliorating serum and hepatic dyslipidemia in HFD-fed C57BL/6N mice significantly. LP104 intervention also increased the ileal tauro-α/β-muricholic acid sodium salt (T-α-MCA or T-β-MCA) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) concentrations to suppress the enterohepatic farnesoid X receptor/fibroblast growth factor 15-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FXR/FGF15-FGFR4) signaling pathway, which stimulated the hepatic cholic acid (CA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) de novo synthesis through using cholesterol. Then, LP104 treatment accelerated BA excretion with the feces and cholesterol efflux to improve HFD-caused hyperlipidemia effectively. The 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing revealed that LP104 promoted intestinal flora rebalance by increasing the abundances of Bacteroides, Akkermansia, Lactobacillus, and Clostridium and decreasing the abundance of Oscillospira and Coprococcus. Meanwhile, Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that the differential flora were closely related to BA signaling molecules including CA, CDCA, T-α-MCA, T-β-MCA, and TUDCA after LP104 intervention. These findings provided new evidence that LP104 had the potential to be used as a naturally functional food for the prevention of dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xinyue Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuxuan Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuling Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun 130118, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130033, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun 130118, China
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Teng T, Sun G, Song X, Shi B. The early faecal microbiota transfer alters bile acid circulation and amino acid transport of the small intestine in piglets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2023; 107:564-573. [PMID: 35668615 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of faecal microbiota transfer (FMT) with lactation Min sows as faecal donor on blood immunity, small intestine amino acid transport capacity, bile acid circulation, and colon microbiota of recipient piglets. From Days 1 to 10, the recipient group (R group) was orally inoculated with a faecal suspension. The control group (Con group) was orally inoculated with sterile physiological saline. On Day 21, the results showed that the immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration in plasma of the R group was increased (p < 0.05). The expression of 4F2hc in the jejunal mucosa and ileum mucosa of the R group was ameliorated (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Synergistetes in the colon of the R group was increased, Proteobacteria was diminished by FMT (p < 0.05). On Day 40, the concentrations of IgA, IgG, and interleukin-2 detected in the plasma of the R group were increased (p < 0.05). FXR and fibroblast growth factor 19 gene expression was upregulated in ileum mucosa, CYP7A1 and Na+ taurocholate cotransporter polypeptide gene expression were downregulated in the liver and organic solute transporters α/β was downregulated in colonic mucosa (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Spirochaetes in the colon of the R group was decreased (p < 0.05). In conclusion, an early FMT with lactation Min sows as faecal donors can alter the small intestine amino acid transport capacity, bile acid circulation, and colonic microbiota of recipient piglets during lactation and after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Teng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xin Song
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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Lin Z, Wu J, Wang J, Levesque CL, Ma X. Dietary Lactobacillus reuteri prevent from inflammation mediated apoptosis of liver via improving intestinal microbiota and bile acid metabolism. Food Chem 2023; 404:134643. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Zhou P, Yan H, Zhang Y, Qi R, Zhang H, Liu J. Growth performance, bile acid profile, fecal microbiome and serum metabolomics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets with bile acids supplementation. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad393. [PMID: 38006392 PMCID: PMC10721440 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of bile acids (BAs) supplementation on growth performance, BAs profile, fecal microbiome, and serum metabolomics in growing-finishing pigs. A total of 60 pigs [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] with an average body weight of 27.0 ± 1.5 kg were selected and allotted into one of 2 groups (castrated male to female ratio = 1:1), with 10 replicates per treatment and 3 pigs per replicate. The 2 treatments were the control group (control) and a porcine bile extract-supplemented group dosed at 0.5 g/kg feed (BA). After a 16-wk treatment, growth performance, BAs profiles in serum and feces, and fecal microbial composition were determined. An untargeted metabolomics approach using gas chromatography with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer was conducted to identify the metabolic pathways and associated metabolites in the serum of pigs. We found that BAs supplementation had no effect on the growth performance of the growing-finishing pig. However, it tended to increase the gain-to-feed ratio for the whole period (P = 0.07). BAs supplementation resulted in elevated serum concentrations of secondary bile acids, including hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA), glycoursodeoxycholic acid, and tauro-hyodeoxycholic acid, as well as fecal concentration of HDCA (P < 0.05). Fecal microbiota analysis revealed no differences in alpha and beta diversity indices or the relative abundance of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at both phylum and genus levels between groups. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that the differential metabolites between control and BA groups are mainly involved in purine metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, as well as primary bile acid biosynthesis. Our findings indicate that BAs supplementation tended to improve the feed efficiency, and significantly altered the BA profile in the serum and feces of growing-finished pigs, regardless of any changes in the gut microbial composition. The altered metabolic pathways could potentially play a vital role in improving the feed efficiency of growing-finished pigs with BAs supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhou
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Honglin Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
| | - Renli Qi
- Chongqing Academy of Animal Science, Rongchang 402460, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, PR China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, PR China
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7
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Pectin in Metabolic Liver Disease. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010157. [PMID: 36615814 PMCID: PMC9824118 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota (dysbiosis) are observed in nutritional liver diseases, including non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and alcoholic liver disease (ALD) and have been shown to be associated with the severity of both. Editing the composition of the microbiota by fecal microbiota transfer or by application of probiotics or prebiotics/fiber in rodent models and human proof-of-concept trials of NAFLD and ALD have demonstrated its possible contribution to reducing the progression of liver damage. In this review, we address the role of a soluble fiber, pectin, in reducing the development of liver injury in NAFLD and ALD through its impact on gut bacteria.
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Wang Y, Ai Z, Xing X, Fan Y, Zhang Y, Nan B, Li X, Wang Y, Liu J. The ameliorative effect of probiotics on diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:3556-3572. [PMID: 36218373 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2132377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
High-fat diet induces lipid metabolism disorders that has become one of the grievous public health problems and imposes a serious economic and social burden worldwide. Safety probiotics isolated from nature are regarded as a novel supplementary strategy for preventing and improving diet-induced lipid metabolism disorders and related chronic diseases. The present review summarized the latest researches of probiotics in high fat diet induced lipid metabolism disorders to provide a critical perspective on the regulatory function of probiotics for future research. Furthermore, the screening criteria and general sources of probiotics with lipid-lowering ability also outlined to enlarge microbial species resource bank instantly, which promoted the development of functional foods with lipid-lowering strains from nature. After critically reviewing the lipid-lowering potential of probiotics both in vitro and in vivo and even in clinical data of humans, we provided a perspective that probiotics activated AMPK signaling pathway to regulate fat synthesis and decomposition, as well as affected positively the gut microbiota structure, intestinal barrier function and systemic inflammatory response, then these beneficial effects are amplified along Gut-liver axis, which regulated intestinal flora metabolites such as SCFAs and BAs by HMGCR/FXR/SHP signaling pathway to improve high fat diet induced lipid metabolism disorders effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhiyi Ai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinyue Xing
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuling Fan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Cord Deep Processing, Changchun, China
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Cord Deep Processing, Changchun, China
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Wahl L, Raschke M, Wittmann J, Regler A, Heelemann S, Brandsch C, Stangl GI, Vervuert I. Effects of atherogenic diet supplemented with fermentable carbohydrates on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0275214. [PMID: 36206259 PMCID: PMC9543622 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0275214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentable carbohydrates are gaining interest in the field of human nutrition because of their benefits in obesity-related comorbidities. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of fermentable carbohydrates, such as pectin and inulin, in an atherogenic diet on metabolic responses and plaque formation in coronary arteries using a Saddleback pig model. Forty-eight healthy pigs aged five months were divided into four feeding groups (n = 10) and one baseline group (n = 8). Three feeding groups received an atherogenic diet (38% crisps, 10% palm fat, and 2% sugar with or without supplementation of 5% pectin or inulin), and one group received a conventional diet over 15 weeks. Feed intake, weight gain, body condition score, and back fat thickness were monitored regularly. Blood and fecal samples were collected monthly to assess the metabolites associated with high cardiovascular risk and fat content, respectively. At the end of 15 weeks, the coronary arteries of the pigs were analyzed for atherosclerotic plaque formation. Independent of supplementation, significant changes were observed in lipid metabolism, such as an increase in triglycerides, bile acids, and cholesterol in serum, in all groups fed atherogenic diets in comparison to the conventional group. Serum metabolome analysis showed differentiation of the feeding groups by diet (atherogenic versus conventional diet) but not by supplementation with pectin or inulin. Cardiovascular lesions were found in all feeding groups and in the baseline group. Supplementation of pectin or inulin in the atherogenic diet had no significant impact on cardiovascular lesion size. Saddleback pigs can develop naturally occurring plaques in coronary arteries. Therefore, this pig model offers potential for further research on the effects of dietary intervention on obesity-related comorbidities, such as cardiovascular lesions, in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Wahl
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany
| | - Melina Raschke
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | | | | | | | - Corinna Brandsch
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Gabriele I. Stangl
- Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany,Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Science, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingrid Vervuert
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Nutrition Diseases and Dietetics, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany,Competence Cluster of Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Germany,* E-mail:
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Xia B, Zhong R, Wu W, Luo C, Meng Q, Gao Q, Zhao Y, Chen L, Zhang S, Zhao X, Zhang H. Mucin O-glycan-microbiota axis orchestrates gut homeostasis in a diarrheal pig model. MICROBIOME 2022; 10:139. [PMID: 36045454 PMCID: PMC9429786 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-022-01326-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-weaning diarrhea in piglets reduces growth performance and increases mortality, thereby causing serious economic losses. The intestinal epithelial cells and microbiota reciprocally regulate each other in order to maintain intestinal homeostasis and control inflammation. However, a relative paucity of research has been focused on the host-derived regulatory network that controls mucin O-glycans and thereby changes gut microbiota during diarrhea in infancy. At the development stage just after birth, the ontogeny of intestinal epithelium, immune system, and gut microbiota appear similar in piglets and human infants. Here, we investigated the changes of mucin O-glycans associated with gut microbiota using a diarrheal post-weaned piglet model. RESULTS We found that diarrhea disrupted the colonic mucus layer and caused aberrant mucin O-glycans, including reduced acidic glycans and truncated glycans, leading to an impaired gut microenvironment. Subsequently, the onset of diarrhea, changes in microbiota and bacterial translocation, resulting in compromised epithelial barrier integrity, enhanced susceptibility to inflammation, and mild growth faltering. Furthermore, we found the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome complexes in the diarrheal piglets when compared to the healthy counterparts, triggered the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18, and diminished autophagosome formation, specifically the defective conversion of LC3A/B I into LC3A/B II and the accumulation of p62. Additionally, selective blocking of the autophagy pathway by 3-MA led to the reduction in goblet cell-specific gene transcript levels in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We observed that diarrheal piglets exhibited colonic microbiota dysbiosis and mucosal barrier dysfunction. Our data demonstrated that diarrhea resulted in the activation of inflammasomes and autophagy restriction along with aberrant mucin O-glycans including reduced acidic glycans and truncated glycans. The results suggested the mucin O-glycans-microbiota axis is likely associated with diarrheal pathogenesis. Our study provides novel insights into the pathophysiology of early-weaning-induced diarrheal disease in piglets and potentially understanding of disease mechanisms of diarrhea for human infants. Understanding the molecular pathology and pathogenesis of diarrhea is a prerequisite for the development of novel and effective therapies. Our data suggest that facilitating O-glycan elongation, modifying the microbiota, and developing specific inhibitors to some key inflammasomes could be the options for therapy of diarrhea including human infants. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
- Animal Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, 102206 China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Weida Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Chengzeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Qingtao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Yong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute of Biotechnology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H9X3V9 Canada
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193 China
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Wen X, Zhong R, Dang G, Xia B, Wu W, Tang S, Tang L, Liu L, Liu Z, Chen L, Zhang H. Pectin supplementation ameliorates intestinal epithelial barrier function damage by modulating intestinal microbiota in lipopolysaccharide-challenged piglets. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 109:109107. [PMID: 35863585 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During weaning, infants and young animals are susceptible to severe enteric infections, thus inducing intestinal microbiota dysbiosis, intestinal inflammation, and impaired intestinal barrier function. Pectin (PEC), a prebiotic polysaccharide, enhances intestinal health with the potential for therapeutic effect on intestinal diseases. One 21-days study was conducted to investigate the protective effect of pectin against intestinal injury induced by intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in a piglet model. A total of 24 piglets (6.77±0.92 kg BW; Duroc × Landrace × Large White; barrows; 21 d of age) were randomly assigned into three groups: control group, LPS-challenged group, and PEC + LPS group. Piglets were administrated with LPS or saline on d14 and d21 of the experiment. All piglets were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected after 3 h administration on d21. Pectin supplementation ameliorated the LPS-induced inflammation response and damage to the ileal morphology. Meanwhile, pectin also improved intestinal mucin barrier function, increased the mRNA expression of MUC2, and improved intestinal mucus glycosylation. LPS challenge reduced the diversity of intestinal microbiota and enriched the relative abundance of Helicobacter. Pectin restored alpha diversity improved the structure of the gut microbiota by enriching anti-inflammatory bacteria and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing bacteria, and increased the concentrations of acetate. In addition, Spearman rank correlation analysis also revealed the potential relationship between intestinal microbiota and intestinal morphology, intestinal inflammation, and intestinal glycosylation in piglets. Taken together, these results indicate that pectin enhances intestinal integrity and barrier function by altering intestinal microbiota composition and their metabolites, which subsequently alleviates intestinal injury and finally improves the growth performance of piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoqi Dang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, Liège University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, 5030, Belgium
| | - Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weida Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lixin Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Biology of Special Economic Animals, Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhengqun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
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12
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Xylooligosaccharide-mediated gut microbiota enhances gut barrier and modulates gut immunity associated with alterations of biological processes in a pig model. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119776. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Yin C, Xia B, Tang S, Cao A, Liu L, Zhong R, Chen L, Zhang H. The Effect of Exogenous Bile Acids on Antioxidant Status and Gut Microbiota in Heat-Stressed Broiler Chickens. Front Nutr 2021; 8:747136. [PMID: 34901107 PMCID: PMC8652638 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.747136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bile acids are critical for lipid absorption, however, their new roles in maintaining or regulating systemic metabolism are irreplaceable. The negative impacts of heat stress (HS) on growth performance, lipid metabolism, and antioxidant status have been reported, but it remains unknown whether the bile acids (BA) composition of broiler chickens can be affected by HS. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the modulating effects of the environment (HS) and whether dietary BA supplementation can benefit heat-stressed broiler chickens. A total of 216 Arbor Acres broilers were selected with a bodyweight approach average and treated with thermal neutral (TN), HS (32°C), or HS-BA (200 mg/kg BA supplementation) from 21 to 42 days. The results showed that an increase in average daily gain (P < 0.05) while GSH-Px activities (P < 0.05) in both serum and liver were restored to the normal range were observed in the HS-BA group. HS caused a drop in the primary BA (P = 0.084, 38.46%) and Tauro-conjugated BA (33.49%) in the ileum, meanwhile, the secondary BA in the liver and cecum were lower by 36.88 and 39.45% respectively. Notably, results were consistent that SBA levels were significantly increased in the serum (3-fold, P = 0.0003) and the ileum (24.89-fold, P < 0.0001). Among them, TUDCA levels (P < 0.01) were included. Besides, BA supplementation indeed increased significantly TUDCA (P = 0.0154) and THDCA (P = 0.0003) levels in the liver, while ileal TDCA (P = 0.0307), TLCA (P = 0.0453), HDCA (P = 0.0018), and THDCA (P = 0.0002) levels were also increased. Intestinal morphology of ileum was observed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, birds fed with BA supplementation reduced (P = 0.0431) crypt depth, and the ratio of villous height to crypt depth trended higher (P = 0.0539) under the heat exposure. Quantitative RT-PCR showed that dietary supplementation with BA resulted in upregulation of FXR (P = 0.0369), ASBT (P = 0.0154), and Keap-1 (P = 0.0104) while downregulation of iNOS (P = 0.0399) expression in ileum. Moreover, 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and relevance networks revealed that HS-derived changes in gut microbiota and BA metabolites of broilers may affect their resistance to HS. Thus, BA supplementation can benefit broiler chickens during high ambient temperatures, serving as a new nutritional strategy against heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Yin
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Bing Xia
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Xianyang, China
| | - Shanlong Tang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Aizhi Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China.,Shandong Longchang Animal Health Care Co., Ltd., Jinan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, China
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14
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Yan H, Wei W, Hu L, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Liu J. Reduced Feeding Frequency Improves Feed Efficiency Associated With Altered Fecal Microbiota and Bile Acid Composition in Pigs. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:761210. [PMID: 34712219 PMCID: PMC8546368 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.761210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A biphasic feeding regimen exerts an improvement effect on feed efficiency of pigs. While gut microbiome and metabolome are known to affect the host phenotype, so far the effects of reduced feeding frequency on fecal microbiota and their metabolism in pigs remain unclear. Here, the combination of 16S rRNA sequencing technique as well as untargeted and targeted metabolome analyses was adopted to investigate the fecal microbiome and metabolome of growing–finishing pigs in response to a biphasic feeding [two meals per day (M2)] pattern. Sixty crossbred barrows were randomly assigned into two groups with 10 replicates (three pigs/pen), namely, the free-access feeding group (FA) and the M2 group. Pigs in the FA group were fed free access while those in the M2 group were fed ad libitum twice daily for 1 h at 8:00 and 18:00. Results showed that pigs fed biphasically exhibited increased feed efficiency compared to FA pigs. The Shannon and Simpson indexes were significantly increased by reducing the feeding frequency. In the biphasic-fed pigs, the relative abundances of Subdoligranulum, Roseburia, Mitsuokella, and Terrisporobacter were significantly increased while the relative abundances of unidentified_Spirochaetaceae, Methanobrevibacter, unidentified_Bacteroidales, Alloprevotella, Parabacteroides, and Bacteroides were significantly decreased compared to FA pigs. Partial least-square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) analysis revealed an obvious variation between the FA and M2 groups; the differential features were mainly involved in arginine, proline, glycine, serine, threonine, and tryptophan metabolism as well as primary bile acid (BA) biosynthesis. In addition, the changes in the microbial genera were correlated with the differential fecal metabolites. A biphasic feeding regimen significantly increased the abundances of primary BAs and secondary BAs in feces of pigs, and the differentially enriched BAs were positively correlated with some specific genera. Taken together, these results suggest that the improvement effect of a reduced feeding frequency on feed efficiency of pigs might be associated with the altered fecal microbial composition and fecal metabolite profile in particular the enlarged stool BA pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Yan
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Wenzhuo Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Luga Hu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jingbo Liu
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, China
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15
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Tang S, Zhong R, Yin C, Su D, Xie J, Chen L, Liu L, Zhang H. Exposure to High Aerial Ammonia Causes Hindgut Dysbiotic Microbiota and Alterations of Microbiota-Derived Metabolites in Growing Pigs. Front Nutr 2021; 8:689818. [PMID: 34179063 PMCID: PMC8231926 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.689818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ammonia, an atmospheric pollutant in the air, jeopardizes immune function, and perturbs metabolism, especially lipid metabolism, in human and animals. The roles of intestinal microbiota and its metabolites in maintaining or regulating immune function and metabolism are irreplaceable. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how aerial ammonia exposure influences hindgut microbiota and its metabolites in a pig model. Twelve growing pigs were treated with or without aerial ammonia (35 mg/m3) for 25 days, and then microbial diversity and microbiota-derived metabolites were measured. The results demonstrated a decreasing trend in leptin (p = 0.0898) and reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, p = 0.0006) in serum after ammonia exposure. Besides, an upward trend in hyocholic acid (HCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) (p < 0.1); a downward trend in tauro-deoxycholic acid (TDCA, p < 0.1); and a reduced tauro-HDCA (THDCA, p < 0.05) level were found in the serum bile acid (BA) profiles after ammonia exposure. Ammonia exposure notably raised microbial alpha-diversity with higher Sobs, Shannon, or ACE index in the cecum or colon and the Chao index in the cecum (p < 0.05) and clearly exhibited a distinct microbial cluster in hindgut indicated by principal coordinate analysis (p < 0.01), indicating that ammonia exposure induced alterations of microbial community structure and composition in the hindgut. Further analysis displayed that ammonia exposure increased the number of potentially harmful bacteria, such as Negativibacillus, Alloprevotella, or Lachnospira, and decreased the number of beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia or Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, in the hindgut (FDR < 0.05). Analysis of microbiota-derived metabolites in the hindgut showed that ammonia exposure increased acetate and decreased isobutyrate or isovalerate in the cecum or colon, respectively (p < 0.05). Unlike the alteration of serum BA profiles, cecal BA data showed that high ammonia exposure had a downward trend in cholic acid (CA), HCA, and LCA (p < 0.1); a downward trend in deoxycholic acid (DCA) and HDCA (p < 0.05); and an upward trend in glycol-chenodeoxycholic acid (GCDCA, p < 0.05). Mantel test and correlation analysis revealed associations between microbiota-derived metabolites and ammonia exposure-responsive cecal bacteria. Collectively, the findings illustrated that high ammonia exposure induced the dysbiotic microbiota in the hindgut, thereby affecting the production of microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and BAs, which play a pivotal role in the modulation of host systematic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ruqing Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Song M, Zhang F, Chen L, Yang Q, Su H, Yang X, He H, Ling M, Zheng J, Duan C, Lai X, Pan M, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Dietary chenodeoxycholic acid improves growth performance and intestinal health by altering serum metabolic profiles and gut bacteria in weaned piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2021; 7:365-375. [PMID: 34258424 PMCID: PMC8245770 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Nutritional diarrhea and subsequent performance degradation in weaned piglets are major challenges for the pig industry. Bile acids (BA) can be added to the diet as emulsifiers. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a major primary BA, on growth performance, serum metabolic profiles and gut health in weaned piglets. A total of 72 healthy weaned piglets were randomly assigned to the control (CON) and the CDCA groups, which were feed a basal diet and the basal diet supplemented with 200 mg/kg CDCA for 30 d, respectively. Our results demonstrated that CDCA significantly increased final BW and average daily gain (ADG), decreased feed-to-gain (F:G) ratio and tended to reduce diarrhea incidence. In addition, CDCA increased the villus height-to-crypt depth (V:C) ratio, elevated goblet cell numbers and the expression of tight junction proteins, suggesting the enhancement of intestinal barrier function. As an emulsifier, CDCA increased jejunal lipase activity and the mRNA expression of pancreatic lipases. CDCA supplementation also altered the serum metabolic profiles, including increasing the levels of indole 3-acetic acid, N'-formylkynurenine and theobromine that were beneficial for gut health. Moreover, the relative abundance of 2 beneficial gut bacteria, Prevotella 9 and Prevotellaceae TCG-001, were increased, whereas the relative abundance of a harmful bacteria, Dorea, was decreased in the gut of weaned piglets supplemented with CDCA. Importantly, the altered serum metabolic profiles showed a strong correlation with the changed gut bacteria. In conclusion, CDCA improved the growth performance of weaned piglets by improving intestinal morphology and barrier function, and enhancing lipid digestion, accompanied by alterations of serum metabolic profiles, and changes in relative abundance of certain gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Han Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Haiwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mingfa Ling
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Jisong Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Chen Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xumin Lai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Mushui Pan
- Sericultural & Agri-Food Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Key Laboratory of Functional Foods, Ministry of Agriculture, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Agricultural Products Processing, Guangzhou, 510610, China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
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17
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Hou G, Peng W, Wei L, Li R, Yuan Y, Huang X, Yin Y. Lactobacillus delbrueckii Interfere With Bile Acid Enterohepatic Circulation to Regulate Cholesterol Metabolism of Growing-Finishing Pigs via Its Bile Salt Hydrolase Activity. Front Nutr 2020; 7:617676. [PMID: 33363199 PMCID: PMC7759492 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.617676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota-targeted therapies for hypercholesterolemia get more and more attention and are recognized as an effective strategy for preventing and treating cardiovascular disease. The experiment was conducted to investigate the cholesterol-lowering mechanism of Lactobacillus delbrueckii in a pig model. Twelve barrows (38.70 ± 5.33 kg) were randomly allocated to two groups and fed corn–soybean meal diets with either 0% (Con) or 0.1% Lactobacillus delbrueckii (Con + LD) for 28 days. L. delbrueckii–fed pigs had lower serum contents of total cholesterol (TC), total bile acids (TBAs), and triglyceride, but higher fecal TC and TBA excretion. L. delbrueckii treatment increased ileal Lactobacillus abundance and bile acid (BA) deconjugation and affected serum and hepatic BA composition. Dietary L. delbrueckii downregulated the gene expression of ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT) and ileal bile acid binding protein (IBABP), and hepatic farnesoid X receptor (FXR), fibroblast growth factor (FGF19), and small heterodimer partner (SHP), but upregulated hepatic high-density lipoprotein receptor (HDLR), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), sterol regulatory element binding protein-2 (SREBP-2), and cholesterol-7α hydroxylase (CYP7A1) expression. Our results provided in vivo evidence that L. delbrueckii promote ileal BA deconjugation with subsequent fecal TC and TBA extraction by modifying ileal microbiota composition and induce hepatic BA neosynthesis via regulating gut–liver FXR–FGF19 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaifeng Hou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Wei Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Liangkai Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Rui Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xingguo Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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18
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Beaudoin JJ, Brouwer KLR, Malinen MM. Novel insights into the organic solute transporter alpha/beta, OSTα/β: From the bench to the bedside. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 211:107542. [PMID: 32247663 PMCID: PMC7480074 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Organic solute transporter alpha/beta (OSTα/β) is a heteromeric solute carrier protein that transports bile acids, steroid metabolites and drugs into and out of cells. OSTα/β protein is expressed in various tissues, but its expression is highest in the gastrointestinal tract where it facilitates the recirculation of bile acids from the gut to the liver. Previous studies established that OSTα/β is upregulated in liver tissue of patients with extrahepatic cholestasis, obstructive cholestasis, and primary biliary cholangitis (PBC), conditions that are characterized by elevated bile acid concentrations in the liver and/or systemic circulation. The discovery that OSTα/β is highly upregulated in the liver of patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) further highlights the clinical relevance of this transporter because the incidence of NASH is increasing at an alarming rate with the obesity epidemic. Since OSTα/β is closely linked to the homeostasis of bile acids, and tightly regulated by the nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor, OSTα/β is a potential drug target for treatment of cholestatic liver disease, and other bile acid-related metabolic disorders such as obesity and diabetes. Obeticholic acid, a semi-synthetic bile acid used to treat PBC, under review for the treatment of NASH, and in development for the treatment of other metabolic disorders, induces OSTα/β. Some drugs associated with hepatotoxicity inhibit OSTα/β, suggesting a possible role for OSTα/β in drug-induced liver injury (DILI). Furthermore, clinical cases of homozygous genetic defects in both OSTα/β subunits resulting in diarrhea and features of cholestasis have been reported. This review article has been compiled to comprehensively summarize the recent data emerging on OSTα/β, recapitulating the available literature on the structure-function and expression-function relationships of OSTα/β, the regulation of this important transporter, the interaction of drugs and other compounds with OSTα/β, and the comparison of OSTα/β with other solute carrier transporters as well as adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters. Findings from basic to more clinically focused research efforts are described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Beaudoin
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kim L R Brouwer
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
| | - Melina M Malinen
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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19
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Dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus plantarum modified gut microbiota, bile acid profile and glucose homoeostasis in weaning piglets. Br J Nutr 2020; 124:797-808. [PMID: 32436488 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BA) have emerged as signalling molecules regulating intestinal physiology. The importance of intestinal microbiota in production of secondary BA, for example, lithocholic acid (LCA) which impairs enterocyte proliferation and permeability, triggered us to determine the effects of oral probiotics on intestinal BA metabolism. Piglets were weaned at 28 d of age and allocated into control (CON, n 14) or probiotic (PRO, n 14) group fed 50 mg of Lactobacillus plantarum daily, and gut microbiota and BA profile were determined. To test the potential interaction of LCA with bacteria endotoxins in inducing damage of enterocytes, IPEC-J2 cells were treated with LCA, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LCA + LPS and expressions of genes related to inflammation, antioxidant capacity and nutrient transport were determined. Compared with the CON group, the PRO group showed lower total LCA level in the ileum and higher relative abundance of the Lactobacillus genus in faeces. In contrast, the relative abundances of Bacteroides, Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, Parabacteroides and Ruminococcus_1, important bacteria genera in BA biotransformation, were all lower in the PRO than in the CON group. Moreover, PRO piglets had lower postprandial glucagon-like peptide-1 level, while higher glucose level than CON piglets. Co-administration of LPS and LCA led to down-regulated expression of glucose and peptide transporter genes in IPEC-J2 cells. Altogether, oral L. plantarum altered BA profile probably by modulating relative abundances of gut microbial genera that play key roles in BA metabolism and might consequently impact glucose homoeostasis. The detrimental effect of LCA on nutrient transport in enterocytes might be aggravated under LPS challenge.
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20
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Wu W, Zhang L, Xia B, Tang S, Xie J, Zhang H. Modulation of Pectin on Mucosal Innate Immune Function in Pigs Mediated by Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8040535. [PMID: 32276396 PMCID: PMC7232157 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of prebiotics to regulate gut microbiota is a promising strategy to improve gut health. Pectin (PEC) is a prebiotic carbohydrate that enhances the health of the gut by promoting the growth of beneficial microbes. These microbes produce metabolites that are known to improve mucosal immune responses. This study was conducted to better understand effects of PEC on the microbiome and mucosal immunity in pigs. Pigs were fed two diets, with or without 5% apple PEC, for 72 days. Effects of PEC on the microbiota, cytokine expression, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration and barrier function were examined in the ileum and cecum of the pigs. An integrative analysis was used to determine interactions of PEC consumption with bacterial metabolites and microbiome composition and host mucosal responses. Consumption of PEC reduced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12 and IL-18, and the activation of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling cascade. Expression of MUC2 and TFF and the sIgA content was upregulated in the mucosa of PEC-fed pigs. Network analysis revealed that PEC induced significant interactions between microbiome composition in the ileum and cecum on mucosal immune pathways. PEC-induced changes in bacterial genera and fermentation metabolites, such as Akkermansia, Faecalibacterium, Oscillibacter, Lawsonia and butyrate, correlated with the differentially expressed genes and cytokines in the mucosa. In summary, the results demonstrate the anti-inflammatory properties of PEC on mucosal immune status in the ileum and cecum effected through modulation of the host microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weida Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (B.X.); (S.T.); (J.X.)
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Bing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (B.X.); (S.T.); (J.X.)
| | - Shanlong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (B.X.); (S.T.); (J.X.)
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (B.X.); (S.T.); (J.X.)
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; (W.W.); (B.X.); (S.T.); (J.X.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-62816013
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21
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Song M, Yang Q, Zhang F, Chen L, Su H, Yang X, He H, Liu F, Zheng J, Ling M, Lai X, Zhu X, Wang L, Gao P, Shu G, Jiang Q, Wang S. Hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) suppresses intestinal epithelial cell proliferation through FXR-PI3K/AKT pathway, accompanied by alteration of bile acids metabolism profiles induced by gut bacteria. FASEB J 2020; 34:7103-7117. [PMID: 32246800 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201903244r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) have been implicated in regulation of intestinal epithelial signaling and function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of hyodeoxycholic acid (HDCA) on intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and explore the underlying mechanisms. IPEC-J2 cells and weaned piglets were treated with HDCA and the contributions of cellular signaling pathways, BAs metabolism profiles and gut bacteria were assessed. In vitro, HDCA suppressed IPEC-J2 proliferation via the BAs receptor FXR but not TGR5. In addition, HDCA inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway, while knockdown of FXR or constitutive activation of AKT eliminated the inhibitory effects of HDCA, suggesting that FXR-dependent inhibition of PI3K/AKT pathway was involved in HDCA-suppressed IPEC-J2 proliferation. In vivo, dietary HDCA inhibited intestinal expression of proliferative markers and PI3K/AKT pathway in weaned piglets. Meanwhile, HDCA altered the BAs metabolism profiles, with decrease in primary BA and increase in total and secondary BAs in feces, and reduction of conjugated BAs in serum. Furthermore, HDCA increased abundance of the gut bacteria associated with BAs metabolism, and thereby induced BAs profiles alternation, which might indirectly contribute to HDCA-suppressed cell proliferation. Together, HDCA suppressed intestinal epithelial cell proliferation through FXR-PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, accompanied by alteration of BAs metabolism profiles induced by gut bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Song
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fenglin Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lin Chen
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Han Su
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohua Yang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiwen He
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Fangfang Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jisong Zheng
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Mingfa Ling
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xumin Lai
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaotong Zhu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Gang Shu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qingyan Jiang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Songbo Wang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry and ALLTECH-SCAU Animal Nutrition Control Research Alliance, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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22
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Bai G, He W, Yang Z, Fu H, Qiu S, Gao F, Shi B. Effects of different emulsifiers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and digestive enzyme activity in weanling pigs1. J Anim Sci 2020; 97:4235-4241. [PMID: 31430375 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skz276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of diets supplemented with sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate (SSL), polyglycerol fatty acid ester (PGFE), and combined emulsifiers (0.02% SSL and 0.08% PGFE) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and plasma lipid profiles in weaned piglets and to further evaluate the possible effects of feeding exogenous emulsifiers on digestive enzyme activities and liver bile acid (BA) metabolism. Twenty-eight barrows (age at 35 d, Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) with an initial BW of 10.13 ± 0.16 kg were randomly assigned to 4 dietary treatment groups (7 pigs/treatment). Dietary treatment groups included the following: 1) basal diet (Control, CTR); 2) basal diet with 0.1% SSL (SSL); 3) basal diet with 0.1% PGFE (PGFE); and 4) basal diet with 0.08% PGFE+0.02% SSL (PG-SL). SSL diet increased ADG and ADFI of piglets during day 0 to 17 (P < 0.05) compared with the CTR treatment. Piglets fed emulsifier diets experienced a significant improvement in the digestibility of nutrients (DM, CP, ether extract, energy, calcium, and phosphorus) during the first 17 d (P < 0.05). The level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was lower in the PGFE and PG-SL treatment groups than in the CTR treatment group (P < 0.05). Feeding emulsifier diets increased the lipase activity of the pancreas when compared with the CTR diet (P < 0.05). Moreover, the emulsifier diets significantly increased the mRNA expression of FXR (P < 0.05) and decreased the mRNA expression of CYP27A1 (P < 0.05) in the liver. In conclusion, the addition of emulsifiers improved nutrient digestibility and increased the mRNA expression of FXR BA receptors while inhibiting the mRNA expression of BA biosynthesis by CYP27A1 in weanling piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangdong Bai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Wei He
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Zheng Yang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Huiyang Fu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Shengnan Qiu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Feng Gao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
| | - Baoming Shi
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, PR China
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23
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Wang L, Zhu L, Gong L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Liao J, Ke L, Dong B. Effects of Activated Charcoal-Herb Extractum Complex on Antioxidant Status, Lipid Metabolites and Safety of Excess Supplementation in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:E1151. [PMID: 31847500 PMCID: PMC6940724 DOI: 10.3390/ani9121151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at evaluating the effects of activated charcoal-herb extractum complex (CHC) on antioxidant status, serum lipid metabolites and its safety supplement in weaning piglets. In experiment 1, a total of 216 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Large White) weaned at 28 days of age with initial body weight of 8.55 ± 1.18 kg were assigned randomly to six treatment groups. each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 mg kg-1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. Diets supplemented with 0 and 1000 mg kg-1 of montmorillonite (MMT) were set as the negative and positive controls, respectively. In experiment 2, pigs (n = 108) weaned at 28 days of age with initial body weight of 8.58 ± 0.04 kg were randomly assigned to three treatment groups. Each treatment group had six pens, with six pigs per pen. Pigs were fed a corn-soybean meal-based diet supplemented with 0, 1000 or 10,000 mg kg-1 of CHC over two 14-d periods. In experiment 1, on day 14, supplementation with CHC significantly decreased very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) concentration while they decreased low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration on d 28, CHC at 500, 1000 or 1500 mg kg-1 significantly increase high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration. Supplementation with 500 or 1000 mg kg-1 CHC reduced serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration during the entire experimental period and increased the concentration of serum total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) on d 14. CHC at 500 or 1000 mg kg-1 significantly reduced the liver MDA concentration and increased liver T-SOD concentration. In experiment 2, increased ADG was obvious during the first 14 days and the whole period in 1000 mg kg-1 supplemented pigs, similarly F: G was lowest in the first 14 days. There was no difference in growth performance, visceral index, haematological and serum biochemical parameters and visceral organs morphology between pigs fed 10,000 mg kg-1 of CHC and control. Together, 500 to 1000 mg kg-1 CHC was confirmed to improve antioxidant status, and serum lipid metabolites in this study and excess supplementation of CHC is safe in weaning piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Lin Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Limin Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yubo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jianling Liao
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanping 353200, China; (J.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Linfu Ke
- Fujian Baicaoshaung Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Nanping 353200, China; (J.L.); (L.K.)
| | - Bing Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (L.W.); (L.Z.); (L.G.); (X.Z.); (Y.W.)
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24
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Fang W, Wen X, Meng Q, Wu W, Everaert N, Xie J, Zhang H. Alteration in bile acids profile in Large White pigs during chronic heat exposure. J Therm Biol 2019; 84:375-383. [PMID: 31466777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2019.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bile acids (BAs) are critical for cholesterol homeostasis and new roles in metabolism and endocrinology have been demonstrated recently. It remains unknown whether BA metabolism can be affected by heat stress (HS). The objective of this study was to describe the shifts in serum, hepatic and intestinal BA profiles induced by chronic HS. Twenty-seven Large White pigs weighing 40.8 ± 2.7 kg were assigned to one of the three treatments: a control group (CON, 23 °C), a HS group (33 °C), or a pair-fed group (PF, 23 °C and fed the same amount as HS group) for 21 d. The concentrations of taurine-conjugated BAs (TUDCA and THDCA in serum and TCDCA, TUDCA, THDCA and THCA in liver) were decreased in HS and PF pigs. However, in HS pigs, a reduction in taurine-conjugated BAs (TCBA) correlated with decreased liver genes expression of BA synthesis, conjugation and uptake transport. BA regulated-genes (FXR, TGR5 and FGFR4) in HS pigs and TGR5, FGFR4 and KLβ in PF pigs were down-regulated in liver. In ileum, total BAs and glycoursodeoxycholic acid concentrations were higher in HS pigs than other groups and PF group, respectively (P < 0.05). TCBA (P = 0.01) and tauroursodeoxycholic acid (P < 0.01) were decreased in PF group. BA transporters (OSTα and MRP3) were up-regulated in HS pigs compared with CON and PF pigs, respectively (P < 0.01). In cecum, ursodeoxycholic acid was higher in HS (P = 0.02) group than CON group. The expression of apical sodium-coupled bile acid transporter (P = 0.04) was lower in HS pigs than CON pigs, while OSTβ (P < 0.01) was greater in HS group than PF group. These results suggest that chronic HS suppressed liver activity of synthesis and uptake of TCBA, at least in part, which was independent of reduced feed intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China; Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Unit, Liège University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Xiaobin Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Weida Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China
| | - Nadia Everaert
- Precision Livestock and Nutrition Unit, Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech, TERRA Teaching and Research Unit, Liège University, Passage des Déportés 2, Gembloux, Belgium
| | - Jingjing Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
| | - Hongfu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
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25
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Wiese M. The potential of pectin to impact pig nutrition and health: feeding the animal and its microbiome. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2019; 366:5320383. [PMID: 30767016 DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnz029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The increasing efforts to substitute antibiotics and improve animal health combined with the acknowledgement of the role of gut microbiota in health have led to an elevated interest in the understanding on how fibre with prebiotic potential, such as pectin, can improve animal growth and health via direct or gut microbiota mediated effects. Various reports exist on the antiviral and antibacterial effects of pectin, as well as its potency as a modulator of the immune response and gut microbial community. Comprehensive insights into the potential of pectin to improve animal growth and health are currently still hampered by heterogeneity in the design of studies. Studies differ with regard to the dosage, molecular structure and source of the pectin implemented, as well as concerning the set of investigations of its effects on the host. Harmonisation of the study design including an in-depth analysis of the gut microbial community and its metabolome will aid to extract information on how pectin can impact growth and overall animal health. Studies with an increased focus on pectin structure such as on pectin-derived rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) are just starting to unravel pectin-structure-related effects on mammalian health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Wiese
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark.,CP Kelco ApS, Ved Banen 16, 4623 Lille Skensved, Denmark
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