1
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Zhao M, Zhu Y, Wang H, Xu W, Zhang W, Mu W. An Overview of Sugar Nucleotide-Dependent Glycosyltransferases for Human Milk Oligosaccharide Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:12390-12402. [PMID: 37552889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have received increasing attention because of their special effects on infant health and commercial value as the new generation of core components in infant formula. Currently, large-scale production of HMOs is generally based on microbial synthesis using metabolically engineered cell factories. Introduction of the specific glycosyltransferases is essential for the construction of HMO-producing engineered strains in which the HMO-producing glycosyltransferases are generally sugar nucleotide-dependent. Four types of glycosyltransferases have been used for typical glycosylation reactions to synthesize HMOs. Soluble expression, substrate specificity, and regioselectivity are common concerns of these glycosyltransferases in practical applications. Screening of specific glycosyltransferases is an important research topic to solve these problems. Molecular modification has also been performed to enhance the catalytic activity of various HMO-producing glycosyltransferases and to improve the substrate specificity and regioselectivity. In this article, various sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases for HMO synthesis were overviewed, common concerns of these glycosyltransferases were described, and the future perspectives of glycosyltransferase-related studies were provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingli Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250010, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
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2
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Zhu Y, Zhang J, Zhang W, Mu W. Recent progress on health effects and biosynthesis of two key sialylated human milk oligosaccharides, 3'-sialyllactose and 6'-sialyllactose. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 62:108058. [PMID: 36372185 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs), the third major solid component in breast milk, are recognized as the first prebiotics for health benefits in infants. Sialylated HMOs are an important type of HMOs, accounting for approximately 13% of total HMOs. 3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) and 6'-sialyllactose (6'-SL) are two simplest sialylated HMOs. Both SLs display promising prebiotic effects, especially in promoting the proliferation of bifidobacteria and shaping the gut microbiota. SLs exhibit several health effects, including antiadhesive antimicrobial ability, antiviral activity, prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis, immunomodulatory activity, regulation of intestinal epithelial cell response, promotion of brain development, and cognition improvement. Both SLs have been approved as "Generally Recognized as Safe" by the American Food and Drug Administration and are commercially added to infant formula. The biosynthesis of SLs using enzymatic or microbial approaches has been widely studied. The enzymatic synthesis of SLs can be realized by two types of enzymes, sialidases with trans-sialidase activity and sialyltransferases. Microbial synthesis can be achieved by the multiple recombinant bacteria in one-pot reaction, which express the enzymes involved in SL synthesis pathways separately or in combination, or by metabolically engineered strains in a fermentation process. In this article, the physiological properties of 3'-SL and 6'-SL are summarized in detail and the biosynthesis of these SLs via enzymatic and microbial synthesis is comprehensively reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jiameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China; International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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3
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Zhang J, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Mu W. Efficient Production of a Functional Human Milk Oligosaccharide 3'-Sialyllactose in Genetically Engineered Escherichia coli. ACS Synth Biol 2022; 11:2837-2845. [PMID: 35802806 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
3'-Sialyllactose (3'-SL) is one of the most important and simplest sialylated human milk oligosaccharides. In this study, a plasmid-based pathway optimization along with chromosomal integration strategies was applied for 3'-SL production. Specifically, the precursor CMP-Neu5Ac synthesis pathway genes and α2,3-sialyltransferase-encoding gene were introduced into Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)ΔlacZ to realize 3'-SL synthesis. Genes nanA and nanK involved in Neu5Ac catabolism were further deleted to reduce the metabolic flux of competitive pathway. Several α2,3-sialyltransferases from different species were selected to evaluate the sialylation effect. The precursor pools were balanced and improved by optimizing key enzyme expression involved in the UDP-GlcNAc and CMP-Neu5Ac synthesis pathway. Finally, an additional α2,3-sialyltransferase expression cassette was integrated into chromosome to maximize 3'-SL synthesis, and 4.5 g/L extracellular 3'-SL was produced at a shake-flask level. The extracellular 3'-SL concentration was raised to 23.1 g/L in a 5 L bioreactor fermentation, which represents the highest extracellular value ever reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiameng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanmeng Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.,International Joint Laboratory on Food Safety, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, People's Republic of China
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4
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Cui T, Man Y, Wang F, Bi S, Lin L, Xie R. Glycoenzyme Tool Development: Principles, Screening Methods, and Recent Advances
†. CHINESE J CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.202100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tongxiao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
| | - Yi Man
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
| | - Feifei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
| | - Shuyang Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Liang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Bio‐organic and Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 200032 China
| | - Ran Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chemistry and Biomedicine Innovation Center (ChemBIC) Nanjing University Nanjing, Jiagsu 210023 China
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5
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Geissner A, Baumann L, Morley TJ, Wong AKO, Sim L, Rich JR, So PPL, Dullaghan EM, Lessard E, Iqbal U, Moreno M, Wakarchuk WW, Withers SG. 7-Fluorosialyl Glycosides Are Hydrolysis Resistant but Readily Assembled by Sialyltransferases Providing Easy Access to More Metabolically Stable Glycoproteins. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2021; 7:345-354. [PMID: 33655072 PMCID: PMC7908025 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c01589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The maintenance of therapeutic glycoproteins within the circulatory system is associated, in large part, with the integrity of sialic acids as terminal sugars on the glycans. Glycoprotein desialylation, either by spontaneous cleavage or through host sialidases, leads to protein clearance, mainly through the liver. Thus, the installation of minimally modified sialic acids that are hydrolysis-resistant yet biologically equivalent should lead to increased circulatory half-lives and improved pharmacokinetic profiles. Here we describe the chemoenzymatic synthesis of CMP-sialic acid sugar donors bearing fluorine atoms at the 7-position, starting from the corresponding 4-deoxy-4-fluoro-N-acetylhexosamine precursors. For the derivative with natural stereochemistry we observe efficient glycosyl transfer by sialyltransferases, along with improved stability of the resultant 7-fluorosialosides toward spontaneous hydrolysis (3- to 5-fold) and toward cleavage by GH33 sialidases (40- to 250-fold). Taking advantage of the rapid transfer of 7-fluorosialic acid by sialyltransferases, we engineered the O-glycan of Interferon α-2b and the N-glycans of the therapeutic glycoprotein α1-antitrypsin. Studies of the uptake of the glyco-engineered α1-antitrypsin by HepG2 liver cells demonstrated the bioequivalence of 7-fluorosialic acid to sialic acid in suppressing interaction with liver cell lectins. In vivo pharmacokinetic studies reveal enhanced half-life of the protein decorated with 7-fluorosialic acid relative to unmodified sialic acid in the murine circulatory system. 7-Fluorosialylation therefore offers considerable promise as a means of prolonging circulatory half-lives of glycoproteins and may pave the way toward biobetters for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Geissner
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lars Baumann
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Morley
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Andrew K. O. Wong
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Lyann Sim
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Jamie R. Rich
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Pauline P. L. So
- AdMare
BioInnovations, 2405
Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Edie M. Dullaghan
- AdMare
BioInnovations, 2405
Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Etienne Lessard
- National
Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Umar Iqbal
- National
Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Maria Moreno
- National
Research Council Canada, Human Health Therapeutics, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Warren W. Wakarchuk
- Department
of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Stephen G. Withers
- Department
of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
- Tel.: (604) 822-3402. Fax: (604) 822-8869. E-mail:
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6
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Bacterial sialyltransferases and their use in biocatalytic cascades for sialo-oligosaccharide production. Biotechnol Adv 2020; 44:107613. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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7
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Flack EKP, Chidwick HS, Guchhait G, Keenan T, Budhadev D, Huang K, Both P, Mas Pons J, Ledru H, Rui S, Stafford GP, Shaw JG, Galan MC, Flitsch S, Thomas GH, Fascione MA. Biocatalytic Transfer of Pseudaminic Acid (Pse5Ac7Ac) Using Promiscuous Sialyltransferases in a Chemoenzymatic Approach to Pse5Ac7Ac-Containing Glycosides. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c02189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emily K. P. Flack
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | | | - Goutam Guchhait
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Tessa Keenan
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Darshita Budhadev
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Kun Huang
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kindgom
| | - Peter Both
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kindgom
| | - Jordi Mas Pons
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kindgom
| | - Helene Ledru
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kindgom
| | - Shengtao Rui
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kindgom
| | - Graham P. Stafford
- School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TA, United Kindgom
| | - Jonathan G. Shaw
- Department of Infection and Immunity, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2RX, United Kindgom
| | - M. Carmen Galan
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kindgom
| | - Sabine Flitsch
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, United Kindgom
| | - Gavin H. Thomas
- Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
| | - Martin A. Fascione
- Department of Chemistry, University of York, York YO10 5DD, United Kindgom
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8
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Janesch B, Saxena H, Sim L, Wakarchuk WW. Comparison of α2,6-sialyltransferases for sialylation of therapeutic proteins. Glycobiology 2019; 29:735-747. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwz050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe development of therapeutic proteins for the treatment of numerous diseases is one of the fastest growing areas of biotechnology. Therapeutic efficacy and serum half-life are particularly important, and these properties rely heavily on the glycosylation state of the protein. Expression systems to produce authentically fully glycosylated therapeutic proteins with appropriate terminal sialic acids are not yet perfected. The in vitro modification of therapeutic proteins by recombinant sialyltransferases offers a promising and elegant strategy to overcome this problem. Thus, the detailed expression and characterization of sialyltransferases for completion of the glycan chains is of great interest to the community. We identified a novel α2,6-sialyltransferase from Helicobacter cetorum and compared it to the human ST6Gal1 and a Photobacterium sp. sialyltransferase using glycoprotein substrates in a 96-well microtiter-plate-based assay. We demonstrated that the recombinant α2,6-sialyltransferase from H. cetorum is an excellent catalyst for modification of N-linked glycans of different therapeutic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bettina Janesch
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of NanoBiotechnology, Institute for Biologically Inspired Materials, NanoGlycobiology Unit, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien, Muthgasse 11, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hirak Saxena
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
| | - Lyann Sim
- Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Michael Smith Laboratory, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z1, Canada
| | - Warren W Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON M5B 2K3, Canada
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E9, Canada
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9
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Both P, Riese M, Gray CJ, Huang K, Pallister EG, Kosov I, Conway LP, Voglmeir J, Flitsch SL. Applications of a highly α2,6-selective pseudosialidase. Glycobiology 2018; 28:261-268. [PMID: 29506202 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwy016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Within human biology, combinations of regioisomeric motifs of α2,6- or α2,3-sialic acids linked to galactose are frequently observed attached to glycoconjugates. These include glycoproteins and glycolipids, with each linkage carrying distinct biological information and function. Microbial linkage-specific sialidases have become important tools for studying the role of these sialosides in complex biological settings, as well as being used as biocatalysts for glycoengineering. However, currently, there is no α2,6-specific sialidase available. This gap has been addressed herein by exploiting the ability of a Photobacterium sp. α2,6-sialyltransferase to catalyze trans-sialidation reversibly and in a highly linkage-specific manner, acting as a pseudosialidase in the presence of cytidine monophosphate. Selective, near quantitative removal of α2,6-linked sialic acids was achieved from a wide range of sialosides including small molecules conjugates, simple glycan, glycopeptide and finally complex glycoprotein including both linkages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Both
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Michel Riese
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Christopher J Gray
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Kun Huang
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Edward G Pallister
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Iaroslav Kosov
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
| | - Louis P Conway
- Glycomics Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Josef Voglmeir
- Glycomics Glycan Bioengineering Research Center, College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Sabine L Flitsch
- School of Chemistry & Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK
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10
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McArthur JB, Yu H, Zeng J, Chen X. Converting Pasteurella multocidaα2-3-sialyltransferase 1 (PmST1) to a regioselective α2-6-sialyltransferase by saturation mutagenesis and regioselective screening. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:1700-1709. [PMID: 28134951 DOI: 10.1039/c6ob02702d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
A microtiter plate-based screening assay capable of determining the activity and regioselectivity of sialyltransferases was developed. This assay was used to screen two single-site saturation libraries of Pasteurella multocidaα2-3-sialyltransferase 1 (PmST1) for α2-6-sialyltransferase activity and total sialyltransferase activity. PmST1 double mutant P34H/M144L was found to be the most effective α2-6-sialyltransferase and displayed 50% reduced donor hydrolysis and 50-fold reduced sialidase activity compared to the wild-type PmST1. It retained the donor substrate promiscuity of the wild-type enzyme and was used in an efficient one-pot multienzyme (OPME) system to selectively catalyze the sialylation of the terminal galactose residue in a multigalactose-containing tetrasaccharide lacto-N-neotetraoside.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B McArthur
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are powerful tools for the synthesis of complex and biologically-important carbohydrates. Wild-type GTs may not have all the properties and functions that are desired for large-scale production of carbohydrates that exist in nature and those with non-natural modifications. With the increasing availability of crystal structures of GTs, especially those in the presence of donor and acceptor analogues, crystal structure-guided rational design has been quite successful in obtaining mutants with desired functionalities. With current limited understanding of the structure-activity relationship of GTs, directed evolution continues to be a useful approach for generating additional mutants with functionality that can be screened for in a high-throughput format. Mutating the amino acid residues constituting or close to the substrate-binding sites of GTs by structure-guided directed evolution (SGDE) further explores the biotechnological potential of GTs that can only be realized through enzyme engineering. This mini-review discusses the progress made towards GT engineering and the lessons learned for future engineering efforts and assay development.
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12
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Shivatare SS, Chang SH, Tsai TI, Tseng SY, Shivatare VS, Lin YS, Cheng YY, Ren CT, Lee CCD, Pawar S, Tsai CS, Shih HW, Zeng YF, Liang CH, Kwong PD, Burton DR, Wu CY, Wong CH. Modular synthesis of N-glycans and arrays for the hetero-ligand binding analysis of HIV antibodies. Nat Chem 2016; 8:338-46. [PMID: 27001729 DOI: 10.1038/nchem.2463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
A new class of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) from HIV donors has been reported to target the glycans on gp120--a glycoprotein found on the surface of the virus envelope--thus renewing hope of developing carbohydrate-based HIV vaccines. However, the version of gp120 used in previous studies was not from human T cells and so the glycosylation pattern could be somewhat different to that found in the native system. Moreover, some antibodies recognized two different glycans simultaneously and this cannot be detected with the commonly used glycan microarrays on glass slides. Here, we have developed a glycan microarray on an aluminium-oxide-coated glass slide containing a diverse set of glycans, including homo- and mixed N-glycans (high-mannose, hybrid and complex types) that were prepared by modular chemo-enzymatic methods to detect the presence of hetero-glycan binding behaviours. This new approach allows rapid screening and identification of optimal glycans recognized by neutralizing antibodies, and could speed up the development of HIV-1 vaccines targeting cell surface glycans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,CHO Pharma Inc., Park Street, Nangang District, Taipei 11503, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Huang Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, 1 Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Susan Yu Tseng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Vidya S Shivatare
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Shyan Lin
- CHO Pharma Inc., Park Street, Nangang District, Taipei 11503, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Tai Ren
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Chun David Lee
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sujeet Pawar
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,Chemical Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Charng-Sheng Tsai
- CHO Pharma Inc., Park Street, Nangang District, Taipei 11503, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Wei Shih
- CHO Pharma Inc., Park Street, Nangang District, Taipei 11503, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fang Zeng
- CHO Pharma Inc., Park Street, Nangang District, Taipei 11503, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Hui Liang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Peter D Kwong
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Dennis R Burton
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan.,The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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13
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Kajiwara H, Tsunashima M, Mine T, Takakura Y, Yamamoto T. Immobilized sialyltransferase fused to a fungal biotin-binding protein: Production, properties, and applications. J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 121:390-3. [PMID: 26476897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A β-galactoside α2,6-sialyltransferase (ST) from the marine bacterium Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 with a broad acceptor substrate specificity was fused to a fungal biotin-binding protein tamavidin 2 (TM2) to produce immobilized enzyme. Specifically, a gene for the fusion protein, in which ST from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 and TM2 were connected via a peptide linker (ST-L-TM2) was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The ST-L-TM2 was produced in the soluble form with a yield of approximately 15,000 unit/300 ml of the E. coli culture. The ST-L-TM2 was partially purified and part of it was immobilized onto biotin-bearing magnetic microbeads. The immobilized ST-L-TM2 onto microbeads could be used at least seven consecutive reaction cycles with no observed decrease in enzymatic activity. In addition, the optimum pH and temperature of the immobilized enzyme were changed compared to those of a free form of the ST. Considering these results, it was strongly expected that the immobilized ST-L-TM2 was a promising tool for the production of various kind of sialoligosaccharides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kajiwara
- Plant Innovation Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan
| | - Masako Tsunashima
- Plant Innovation Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan
| | - Toshiki Mine
- Plant Innovation Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan
| | - Yoshimitsu Takakura
- Plant Innovation Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan
| | - Takeshi Yamamoto
- Plant Innovation Center, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan.
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14
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Modulating the regioselectivity of a Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase for biocatalytic production of 3′- and 6′-sialyllactose. Enzyme Microb Technol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2015.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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15
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Kang JY, Lim SJ, Kwon O, Lee SG, Kim HH, Oh DB. Enhanced Bacterial α(2,6)-Sialyltransferase Reaction through an Inhibition of Its Inherent Sialidase Activity by Dephosphorylation of Cytidine-5'-Monophosphate. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0133739. [PMID: 26231036 PMCID: PMC4521712 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0133739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial α(2,6)-sialyltransferases (STs) from Photobacterium damsela, Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224, and P. leiognathi JT-SHIZ-145 were recombinantly expressed in Escherichia coli and their ST activities were compared directly using a galactosylated bi-antennary N-glycan as an acceptor substrate. In all ST reactions, there was an increase of sialylated glycans at shorter reaction times and later a decrease in prolonged reactions, which is related with the inherent sialidase activities of bacterial STs. These sialidase activities are greatly increased by free cytidine monophosphate (CMP) generated from a donor substrate CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) during the ST reactions. The decrease of sialylated glycans in prolonged ST reaction was prevented through an inhibition of sialidase activity by simple treatment of alkaline phosphatase (AP), which dephosphorylates CMP to cytidine. Through supplemental additions of AP and CMP-Neu5Ac to the reaction using the recombinant α(2,6)-ST from P. leiognathi JT-SHIZ-145 (P145-ST), the content of bi-sialylated N-glycan increased up to ~98% without any decrease in prolonged reactions. This optimized P145-ST reaction was applied successfully for α(2,6)-sialylation of asialofetuin, and this resulted in a large increase in the populations of multi-sialylated N-glycans compared with the reaction without addition of AP and CMP-Neu5Ac. These results suggest that the optimized reaction using the recombinant P145-ST readily expressed from E. coli has a promise for economic glycan synthesis and glyco-conjugate remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Yeon Kang
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Se-Jong Lim
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ohsuk Kwon
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seung-Goo Lee
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ha Hyung Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Doo-Byoung Oh
- Synthetic Biology and Bioengineering Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Korea
- Biosystems and Bioengineering Program, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Korea
- * E-mail:
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16
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Yu CC, Withers SG. Recent Developments in Enzymatic Synthesis of Modified Sialic Acid Derivatives. Adv Synth Catal 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201500349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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17
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Schmölzer K, Czabany T, Luley-Goedl C, Pavkov-Keller T, Ribitsch D, Schwab H, Gruber K, Weber H, Nidetzky B. Complete switch from α-2,3- to α-2,6-regioselectivity in Pasteurella dagmatis β-d-galactoside sialyltransferase by active-site redesign. Chem Commun (Camb) 2015; 51:3083-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc09772f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Incorporation of Pro7His and Met117Ala substitutions resulted in a completely regioselective and highly efficient α-2,6-sialyltransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tibor Czabany
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | | | | | - Doris Ribitsch
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Helmut Schwab
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Karl Gruber
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences
- University of Graz
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Hansjörg Weber
- Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Graz University of Technology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
| | - Bernd Nidetzky
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology
- 8010 Graz
- Austria
- Institute of Biotechnology and Biochemical Engineering
- Graz University of Technology
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18
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Abstract
The important roles played by human milk oligosaccharides (HMOS), the third major component of human milk, in the health of breast-fed infants have been increasingly recognized, as the structures of more than 100 different HMOS have now been elucidated. Despite the recognition of the various functions of HMOS as prebiotics, antiadhesive antimicrobials, and immunomodulators, the roles and the applications of individual HMOS species are less clear. This is mainly due to the limited accessibility to large amounts of individual HMOS in their pure forms. Current advances in the development of enzymatic, chemoenzymatic, whole-cell, and living-cell systems allow for the production of a growing number of HMOS in increasing amounts. This effort will greatly facilitate the elucidation of the important roles of HMOS and allow exploration into the applications of HMOS both as individual compounds and as mixtures of defined structures with desired functions. The structures, functions, and enzyme-catalyzed synthesis of HMOS are briefly surveyed to provide a general picture about the current progress on these aspects. Future efforts should be devoted to elucidating the structures of more complex HMOS, synthesizing more complex HMOS including those with branched structures, and developing HMOS-based or HMOS-inspired prebiotics, additives, and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California, USA
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A CMP-N-acetylneuraminic Acid Synthetase Purified from a Marine Bacterium,Photobacterium leiognathiJT-SHIZ-145. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:47-53. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.100506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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20
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Shivatare SS, Chang SH, Tsai TI, Ren CT, Chuang HY, Hsu L, Lin CW, Li ST, Wu CY, Wong CH. Efficient convergent synthesis of bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary complex type N-glycans and their HIV-1 antigenicity. J Am Chem Soc 2013; 135:15382-91. [PMID: 24032650 DOI: 10.1021/ja409097c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The structural diversity of glycoproteins often comes from post-translational glycosylation with heterogeneous N-glycans. Understanding the complexity of glycans related to various biochemical processes demands a well-defined synthetic sugar library. We report herein a unified convergent strategy for the rapid production of bi-, tri-, and tetra-antennary complex type N-glycans with and without terminal N-acetylneuraminic acid residues connected via the α-2,6 or α-2,3 linkages. Moreover, using sialyltransferases to install sialic acid can minimize synthetic steps through the use of shared intermediates to simplify the complicated procedures associated with conventional sialic acid chemistry. Furthermore, these synthetic complex oligosaccharides were compiled to create a glycan array for the profiling of HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies PG9 and PG16 that were isolated from HIV infected donors. From the study of antibody PG16, we identified potential natural and unnatural glycan ligands, which may facilitate the design of carbohydrate-based immunogens and hasten the HIV vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S Shivatare
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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21
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Schmölzer K, Ribitsch D, Czabany T, Luley-Goedl C, Kokot D, Lyskowski A, Zitzenbacher S, Schwab H, Nidetzky B. Characterization of a multifunctional α2,3-sialyltransferase from Pasteurella dagmatis. Glycobiology 2013; 23:1293-304. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwt066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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22
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A novel synthetic receptor-based immunoassay for influenza vaccine quantification. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55428. [PMID: 23424631 PMCID: PMC3570553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 12/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination is the most effective prophylactic method for preventing influenza. Quantification of influenza vaccine antigens is critically important before the vaccine is used for human immunization. Currently the vaccine antigen quantification relies on hemagglutinin content quantification, the key antigenic component, by single radial immunodiffusion (SRID) assay. Due to the inherent disadvantages associated with the traditional SRID; i.e. low sensitivity, low throughput and need for annual reagents, several approaches have been proposed and investigated as alternatives. Yet, most alternative methods cannot distinguish native hemagglutinin from denatured form, making them less relevant to antigenic analyses. Here, we developed a quantitative immunoassay based on the sialic acid binding property of influenza vaccine antigens. Specifically, we chemically synthesized human and avian influenza virus receptors analogues, N-acetylneuraminic acid-2,6-lactose and N-acetylneuraminic acid-2,3-lactose derivatives with an azidopropyl aglycon, using α-2,6- and α-2,3-sialyltransferases, respectively. The azido group of the two sialyllactose-derivatives was reduced and conjugated to mouse serum albumin through a squarate linkage. We showed that the synthetic α-2,6- and α-2,3-receptors selectively bound to human and avian-derived hemagglutinins, respectively, forming the basis of a new, and robust assay for hemagglutinin quantification. Hemagglutinin treated at high temperature or low pH was measured differentially to untreated samples suggesting native conformation is dependent for optimal binding. Importantly, this receptor-based immunoassay showed excellent specificity and reproducibility, high precision, less turnaround time and significantly higher sensitivity and throughput compared with SRID in analyzing multiple influenza vaccines.
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23
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Loss-of-function mutation in bi-functional marine bacterial sialyltransferase. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2012; 76:1639-44. [PMID: 22972324 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.120133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
An α2,3-sialyltransferase produced by Photobacterium phosphoreum JT-ISH-467 is a bi-functional enzyme showing both α2,3-sialyltransferase and α2,3-linkage specific sialidase activity. To date, the crystal structures of several sialyltransferases have been solved, but the roles of amino acid residues around the catalytic site have not been completely clarified. Hence we performed a mutational study using α2,3-sialyltransferase cloned from P. phosphoreum JT-ISH-467 as a model enzyme to study the role of the amino acid residues around the substrate-binding site. It was found that a mutation of the glutamic acid at position 342 in the sialyltransferase resulted in a loss of sialidase activity, although the mutant showed no decrease in sialyltransferase activity. Based on this result, it is strongly expected that the Glu342 of the enzyme is an important amino acid residue for sialidase activity.
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24
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Nagashima I, Mine T, Yamamoto T, Shimizu H. Efficiency of organic solvents on the ability of α2,3-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 to control a hydrolysis side reaction. Carbohydr Res 2012; 358:31-6. [PMID: 22804915 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 06/11/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic synthesis of oligosaccharides using specific sialyltransferases enables single-step glycosylation with high positional and anomeric structural selectivity. The α2,3-sialyltransferase cloned from the marine bacterium Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 has unique and broad acceptor specificity, but this enzyme possesses not only sialyltransferase activity but also sialidase activity. To synthesize sialoside derivative effectively, only sialyltransferase activity is required. We report here that addition of organic solvents was effective to control the sialidase activity and a resulting product was not hydrolyzed. The enzyme was even active in the presence of acetonitrile, ethanol, methanol, or acetone. To determine the suitable concentrations of these organic solvents, only sialyltransferase activity could be allowed, and as a result, the stable synthesis of sialoside could be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izuru Nagashima
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Toyohira-ku, Sapporo, Japan
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25
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Sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases: natural functions and applications. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 94:887-905. [PMID: 22526796 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2012] [Revised: 03/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Sialic acids are a family of negatively charged monosaccharides which are commonly presented as the terminal residues in glycans of the glycoconjugates on eukaryotic cell surface or as components of capsular polysaccharides or lipooligosaccharides of some pathogenic bacteria. Due to their important biological and pathological functions, the biosynthesis, activation, transfer, breaking down, and recycle of sialic acids are attracting increasing attention. The understanding of the sialic acid metabolism in eukaryotes and bacteria leads to the development of metabolic engineering approaches for elucidating the important functions of sialic acid in mammalian systems and for large-scale production of sialosides using engineered bacterial cells. As the key enzymes in biosynthesis of sialylated structures, sialyltransferases have been continuously identified from various sources and characterized. Protein crystal structures of seven sialyltransferases have been reported. Wild-type sialyltransferases and their mutants have been applied with or without other sialoside biosynthetic enzymes for producing complex sialic acid-containing oligosaccharides and glycoconjugates. This mini-review focuses on current understanding and applications of sialic acid metabolism and sialyltransferases.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Schmaltz
- The Department of Chemistry and Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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27
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Kajiwara H, Toda M, Mine T, Nakada H, Wariishi H, Yamamoto T. Visualization of sialic acid produced on bacterial cell surfaces by lectin staining. Microbes Environ 2011; 25:152-5. [PMID: 21576867 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me10118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligosaccharides containing N-acetylneuraminic acid on the cell surface of some pathogenic bacteria are important for host-microbe interactions. N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) plays a major role in the pathogenicity of bacterial pathogens. For example, cell surface sialyloligosaccharide moieties of the human pathogen Haemophilus influenzae are involved in virulence and adhesion to host cells. In this study, we have established a method of visualizing Neu5Ac linked to a glycoconjugate on the bacterial cell surface based on lectin staining. Photobacterium damselae strain JT0160, known to produce a-2,6-sialyltransferase, was revealed to possess Neu5Ac by HPLC. Using the strain, a strong Sambucus sieboldiana lectin-binding signal was detected. The bacteria producing α-2,6-sialyltransferases could be divided into two groups: those with a lot of α-2,6-linked Neu5Ac on the cell surface and those with a little. In the present study, we developed a useful method for evaluating the relationship between Neu5Ac expression on the cell surface and the degree of virulence of marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitomi Kajiwara
- Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438–0802, Japan
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28
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Silva FCDP, Nicoli JR, Zambonino-Infante JL, Kaushik S, Gatesoupe FJ. Influence of the diet on the microbial diversity of faecal and gastrointestinal contents in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and intestinal contents in goldfish (Carassius auratus). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2011; 78:285-96. [PMID: 21692817 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2011.01155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fish intestinal microbiota changes with the diet and this effect is of particular interest considering the increasing substitution of fish meal by plant protein sources. The objective of this work was to study the effects of partial substitution of fish meal with lupin and rapeseed meals on gut microbiota of the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) and in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Faecal, gastrointestinal and intestinal contents were characterized using culture-based and molecular methods. Vibrionaceae was high in faeces and in the intestine of sea bream, while a more diverse microbiota was retrieved from the stomach, where Bacillales and Flavobacteriaceae appeared to be influenced by the diet. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis profiles revealed a high diversity of the microbiota transiting in the sea bream digestive tract, with a shift between gastric and intestinal communities, especially in the group fed with lupin meal. The goldfish was different, with a predominance of Aeromonas spp., Shewanella putrefaciens and Staphylococcus spp. among the aerotolerant-cultivable bacteria. The culture-independent methods revealed the presence of anaerobes like Cetobacterium somerae, and that of Vibrio spp., likely in a viable, but noncultivable state. There was a trend towards decreasing diversity in goldfish microbiota with the partial substitution by lupin, which seemed to inhibit some taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Cristina de Paula Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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29
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Ding L, Yu H, Lau K, Li Y, Muthana S, Wang J, Chen X. Efficient chemoenzymatic synthesis of sialyl Tn-antigens and derivatives. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8691-3. [PMID: 21725542 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12732b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An N-terminal and C-terminal truncated recombinant α2-6-sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium sp. JH-ISH-224, Psp2,6ST(15-501)-His(6), was shown to be an efficient catalyst for one-pot three-enzyme synthesis of sialyl Tn (STn) antigens and derivatives containing natural and non-natural sialic acid forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- College of Science, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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30
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Yamamoto T. Marine bacterial sialyltransferases. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:2781-94. [PMID: 21139844 PMCID: PMC2996176 DOI: 10.3390/md8112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Revised: 10/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sialyltransferases transfer N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from the common donor substrate of these enzymes, cytidine 5′-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac), to acceptor substrates. The enzymatic reaction products including sialyl-glycoproteins, sialyl-glycolipids and sialyl-oligosaccharides are important molecules in various biological and physiological processes, such as cell-cell recognition, cancer metastasis, and virus infection. Thus, sialyltransferases are thought to be important enzymes in the field of glycobiology. To date, many sialyltransferases and the genes encoding them have been obtained from various sources including mammalian, bacterial and viral sources. During the course of our research, we have detected over 20 bacteria that produce sialyltransferases. Many of the bacteria we isolated from marine environments are classified in the genus Photobacterium or the closely related genus Vibrio. The paper reviews the sialyltransferases obtained mainly from marine bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Yamamoto
- Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan.
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31
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Mine T, Miyazaki T, Kajiwara H, Tateda N, Ajisaka K, Yamamoto T. A recombinant α-(2→3)-sialyltransferase with an extremely broad acceptor substrate specificity from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 can transfer N-acetylneuraminic acid to inositols. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:2485-90. [PMID: 20947069 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2010] [Revised: 09/08/2010] [Accepted: 09/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We confirmed that a recombinant α-(2→3)-sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 recognizes inositols having a structure corresponding to the C-3 and C-4 of a galactopyranoside moiety, such as epi-, 1d-chiro, myo-, and muco-inositol, as acceptor substrates, and that the enzyme can transfer N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) to them. After purifying the reaction products, the structures were confirmed by use of NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. From these results, it was clearly shown that the α-(2→3)-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 recognizes acceptor substrates through the cis-diol structure corresponding to the 3- and 4-position of the galactopyranoside moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Mine
- Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan.
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32
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Meziti A, Ramette A, Mente E, Kormas KA. Temporal shifts of the Norway lobster (Nephrops norvegicus) gut bacterial communities. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2010; 74:472-84. [PMID: 20831590 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00964.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the gut bacterial communities of Nephrops norvegicus individuals, using a suite of molecular tools consisting of automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis, 16S rRNA gene-internal transcribed spacer clone libraries and FISH. The animals were collected from Pagasitikos Gulf, Greece, during different months of the year. The diversity of the gut bacterial communities was found to mostly vary with sampling time, which could be related to temporal variations in food supply. The 16S rRNA gene diversity analysis showed dominance of specific phylotypes for each month studied. February, May, July, August and October samples were rich in sequences related to the gammaproteobacterial genera Pseudoalteromonas, Psychrobacter and Photobacterium. September and December samples were dominated by phylotypes affiliated with uncultured representatives of Mollicutes, which are generally associated with the intestinal tracts of various animals. The presence of Gammaproteobacteria and uncultured Mollicutes in August and September samples, respectively, was further confirmed by FISH. None of the morphometric parameters considered was related to the temporal pattern of dominant bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Meziti
- Department of Ichthyology and Aquatic Environment, University of Thessaly, Magnisia, Greece
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33
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Mine T, Miyazaki T, Kajiwara H, Naito K, Ajisaka K, Yamamoto T. Enzymatic synthesis of unique sialyloligosaccharides using marine bacterial alpha-(2-->3)- and alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferases. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1417-21. [PMID: 20413108 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2010] [Revised: 03/26/2010] [Accepted: 03/28/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the acceptor substrate specificities of marine bacterial alpha-(2-->3)-sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 and alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium damselae JT0160 using several saccharides as acceptor substrates. After purifying the enzymatic reaction products, we confirmed their structure by NMR spectroscopy. The alpha-(2-->3)-sialyltransferase transferred N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) from cytidine 5'-monophospho-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-Neu5Ac) to the beta-anomeric hydroxyl groups of mannose (Man) and alpha-Manp-(1-->6)-Manp, and alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase transferred N-acetylneuraminic acid to the 6-OH groups of the non-reducing end galactose residues in beta-Galp-(1-->3)-GlcpNAc and beta-Galp-(1-->6)-GlcpNAc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Mine
- Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tobacco Inc., 700 Higashibara, Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan
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Mine T, Kajiwara H, Murase T, Kajihara Y, Yamamoto T. An α2,3-Sialyltransferase fromPhotobacteriumsp. JT-ISH-224 TransfersN-Acetylneuraminic Acid to Both the O-2 and O-3′ Hydroxyl Groups of Lactose. J Carbohydr Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300903586422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Drouillard S, Mine T, Kajiwara H, Yamamoto T, Samain E. Efficient synthesis of 6'-sialyllactose, 6,6'-disialyllactose, and 6'-KDO-lactose by metabolically engineered E. coli expressing a multifunctional sialyltransferase from the Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224. Carbohydr Res 2010; 345:1394-9. [PMID: 20231015 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2010.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2009] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the efficient conversion of lactose into 3'-sialyllactose by high cell density cultures of a genetically engineered Escherichia coli strain expressing the Neisseria meningitidis gene for alpha-(2-->3)-sialyltransferase [Fierfort, N.; Samain, E. J. Biotechnol. 2008, 134, 261-265.]. First attempts to use a similar strategy to produce 6'-sialyllactose with a strain expressing alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase from the Photobacterium sp. JT-ISH-224 led to the production of a trisaccharide that was identified as KDO-lactose (2-keto-3-deoxy-manno-octonyllactose). This result showed that alpha-(2-->6)-sialyltransferase was able to use CMP-KDO as sugar donor and preferentially used CMP-KDO over CMP-Neu5Ac. By reducing the expression level of the sialyltransferase gene and increasing that of the neuABC genes, we have been able to favour the formation of 6'-sialyllactose and to prevent the formation of KDO-lactose. However, in this case, a third lactose derivative, which was identified as 6,6'-disialyllactose, was also produced. Formation of 6,6'-disialyllactose was mainly observed under conditions of lactose shortage. On the other hand, when the culture was continuously fed with an excess of lactose, 6'-sialyllactose was almost the only product detected and its final concentration was higher than 30g/L of culture medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Drouillard
- Centre de Recherches sur les Macromolécules Végétales (CERMAV-CNRS), BP53, 38041 Grenoble cedex 9, France
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Tamavidin, a versatile affinity tag for protein purification and immobilization. J Biotechnol 2009; 145:317-22. [PMID: 20026208 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2009.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2009] [Revised: 11/11/2009] [Accepted: 12/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Tamavidin 2 is a fungal avidin-like protein that binds biotin with high affinity and is highly produced in soluble form in Escherichia coli. By contrast, widely used biotin-binding proteins avidin and streptavidin are rarely produced in soluble form in E. coli. In this study, we describe an efficient system for one-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins using tamavidin 2 as an affinity tag. A bacterial sialyltransferase and soybean agglutinin were fused to tamavidin 2 and expressed in E. coli and tobacco BY-2 cells, respectively. High-level expressions of the fusion proteins were detected (80 mg l(-1)E. coli culture for bacterial sialyltransferase-tamavidin 2 and 2 mg l(-1) BY-2 cell culture for soybean agglutinin-tamavidin 2). To immobilize and purify the fusion proteins, biotinylated magnetic microbeads were incubated with the soluble extract from each recombinant host producing the fusion protein and then washed thoroughly. As the result, both fusion proteins were immobilized tightly on the microbeads without substantial loss of activity and simultaneously highly purified (90-95% purity) on the microbeads. Biotin with a longer linker contributed to higher affinity between the fusion protein and biotin. These results suggest that tamavidin fusion technology is a powerful tool for production, purification, and immobilization of recombinant proteins.
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Cheng J, Huang S, Yu H, Li Y, Lau K, Chen X. Trans-sialidase activity of Photobacterium damsela alpha2,6-sialyltransferase and its application in the synthesis of sialosides. Glycobiology 2009; 20:260-8. [PMID: 19880425 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trans-sialidases catalyze the transfer of a sialic acid from one sialoside to an acceptor to form a new sialoside. alpha2,3-Trans-sialidase activity was initially discovered in the parasitic protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, and more recently was found in a multifunctional Pasteurella multocida sialyltransferase PmST1. alpha2,8-Trans-sialidase activity was also described for a multifunctional Campylobacter jejuni sialyltransferase CstII. We report here the discovery of the alpha2,6-trans-sialidase activity of a previously reported recombinant truncated bacterial alpha2,6-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium damsela (Delta15Pd2,6ST). This is the first time that the alpha2,6-trans-sialidase activity has ever been identified. Kinetic studies indicate that Delta15Pd2,6ST-catalyzed trans-sialidase reaction follows a ping-pong bi-bi reaction mechanism. Cytidine 5'-monophosphate, the product of sialyltransferase reactions, is not required by the trans-sialidase activity of the enzyme but enhances the trans-sialidase activity modestly as a non-essential activator. Using chemically synthesized Neu5AcalphapNP and LacbetaMU, alpha2,6-linked sialoside Neu5Acalpha2,6LacbetaMU has been obtained in one-step in high yield using the trans-sialidase activity of Delta15Pd2,6ST. In addition to the alpha2,6-trans-sialidase activity, Delta15Pd2,6ST also has alpha2,6-sialidase activity. The multifunctionality is thus a common feature of many bacterial sialyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansong Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Mine T, Katayama S, Kajiwara H, Tsunashima M, Tsukamoto H, Takakura Y, Yamamoto T. An alpha2,6-sialyltransferase cloned from Photobacterium leiognathi strain JT-SHIZ-119 shows both sialyltransferase and neuraminidase activity. Glycobiology 2009; 20:158-65. [PMID: 19797322 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwp157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We cloned, expressed, and characterized a novel beta-galactoside alpha2,6-sialyltransferase from Photobacterium leiognathi strain JT-SHIZ-119. The protein showed 56-96% identity to the marine bacterial alpha2,6-sialyltransferases classified into glycosyltransferase family 80. The sialyltransferase activity of the N-terminal truncated form of the recombinant enzyme was 1477 U/L of Escherichia coli culture. The truncated recombinant enzyme was purified as a single band by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis through 3 column chromatography steps. The enzyme had distinct activity compared with known marine bacterial alpha2,6-sialyltransferases. Although alpha2,6-sialyltransferases cloned from marine bacteria, such as Photobacterium damselae strain JT0160, P. leiognathi strain JT-SHIZ-145, and Photobacterium sp. strain JT-ISH-224, show only alpha2,6-sialyltransferase activity, the recombinant enzyme cloned from P. leiognathi strain JT-SHIZ-119 showed both alpha2,6-sialyltransferase and alpha2,6-linkage-specific neuraminidase activity. Our results provide important information toward a comprehensive understanding of the bacterial sialyltransferases belonging to the group 80 glycosyltransferase family in the CAZy database.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiki Mine
- Glycotechnology Business Unit, Japan Tobacco Inc., Iwata, Shizuoka 438-0802, Japan
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Crystal structure of alpha/beta-galactoside alpha2,3-sialyltransferase from a luminous marine bacterium, Photobacterium phosphoreum. FEBS Lett 2009; 583:2083-7. [PMID: 19467231 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2009.05.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2009] [Revised: 05/12/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Alpha/beta-galactoside alpha2,3-sialyltransferase produced by Photobacterium phosphoreum JT-ISH-467 is a unique enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of N-acetylneuraminic acid residue from cytidine monophosphate N-acetylneuraminic acid to acceptor carbohydrate groups. The enzyme recognizes both mono- and di-saccharides as acceptor substrates, and can transfer Neu5Ac to both alpha-galactoside and beta-galactoside, efficiently. To elucidate the structural basis for the broad acceptor substrate specificity, we determined the crystal structure of the alpha2,3-sialyltransferase in complex with CMP. The overall structure belongs to the glycosyltransferase-B structural group. We could model a reasonable active conformation structure based on the crystal structure. The predicted structure suggested that the broad substrate specificity could be attributed to the wider entrance of the acceptor substrate binding site.
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Glycosyltransferase-catalyzed synthesis of bioactive oligosaccharides. Biotechnol Adv 2008; 26:436-56. [PMID: 18565714 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Revised: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/09/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian cell surfaces are all covered with bioactive oligosaccharides which play an important role in molecular recognition events such as immune recognition, cell-cell communication and initiation of microbial pathogenesis. Consequently, bioactive oligosaccharides have been recognized as a medicinally relevant class of biomolecules for which the interest is growing. For the preparation of complex and highly pure oligosaccharides, methods based on the application of glycosyltransferases are currently recognized as being the most effective. The present paper reviews the potential of glycosyltransferases as synthetic tools in oligosaccharide synthesis. Reaction mechanisms and selected characteristics of these enzymes are described in relation to the stereochemistry of the transfer reaction and the requirements of sugar nucleotide donors. For the application of glycosyltransferases, accepted substrate profiles are summarized and the whole-cell approach versus isolated enzyme methodology is compared. Sialyltransferase-catalyzed syntheses of gangliosides and other sialylated oligosaccharides are described in more detail in view of the prominent role of these compounds in biological recognition.
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