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Leybourne DJ, Valentine TA, Binnie K, Taylor A, Karley AJ, Bos JIB. Drought stress increases the expression of barley defence genes with negative consequences for infesting cereal aphids. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2238-2250. [PMID: 35090009 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Crops are exposed to myriad abiotic and biotic stressors with negative consequences. Two stressors that are expected to increase under climate change are drought and infestation with herbivorous insects, including important aphid species. Expanding our understanding of the impact drought has on the plant-aphid relationship will become increasingly important under future climate scenarios. Here we use a previously characterized plant-aphid system comprising a susceptible variety of barley, a wild relative of barley with partial aphid resistance, and the bird cherry-oat aphid to examine the drought-plant-aphid relationship. We show that drought has a negative effect on plant physiology and aphid fitness, and provide evidence to suggest that plant resistance influences aphid responses to drought stress. Furthermore, we show that the expression of thionin genes, plant defensive compounds that contribute to aphid resistance, increase in susceptible plants exposed to drought stress but remain at constant levels in the partially resistant plant, suggesting that they play an important role in determining the success of aphid populations. This study highlights the role of plant defensive processes in mediating the interactions between the environment, plants, and herbivorous insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Leybourne
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Tracy A Valentine
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Kirsty Binnie
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Anna Taylor
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Alison J Karley
- Ecological Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - Jorunn I B Bos
- Division of Plant Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
- Cell and Molecular Sciences, the James Hutton Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
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2
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Cai S, Shen Q, Huang Y, Han Z, Wu D, Chen ZH, Nevo E, Zhang G. Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals the Mechanism Underlying the Edaphic Adaptation in Wild Barley at Evolution Slope (Tabigha). ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:e2101374. [PMID: 34390227 PMCID: PMC8529432 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202101374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
At the microsite "Evolution Slope", Tabigha, Israel, wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum) populations adapted to dry Terra Rossa soil, and its derivative abutting wild barley population adapted to moist and fungi-rich Basalt soil. However, the mechanisms underlying the edaphic adaptation remain elusive. Accordingly, whole genome bisulfite sequencing, RNA-sequencing, and metabolome analysis are performed on ten wild barley accessions inhabiting Terra Rossa and Basalt soil. A total of 121 433 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and 10 478 DMR-genes are identified between the two wild barley populations. DMR-genes in CG context (CG-DMR-genes) are enriched in the pathways related with the fundamental processes, and DMR-genes in CHH context (CHH-DMR-genes) are mainly associated with defense response. Transcriptome and metabolome analysis reveal that the primary and secondary metabolisms are more active in Terra Rossa and Basalt wild barley populations, respectively. Multi-omics analysis indicate that sugar metabolism facilitates the adaptation of wild barley to dry Terra Rossa soil, whereas the enhancement of phenylpropanoid/phenolamide biosynthesis is beneficial for wild barley to inhabit moist and fungi pathogen-rich Basalt soil. The current results make a deep insight into edaphic adaptation of wild barley and provide elite genetic and epigenetic resources for developing barley with high abiotic stress tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengguan Cai
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiufang Shen
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yuqing Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Institute of Crop Science, Hangzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China
| | - Zhigang Han
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dezhi Wu
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa, 34988384, Israel
| | - Guoping Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Bindereif SG, Rüll F, Kolb P, Köberle L, Willms H, Steidele S, Schwarzinger S, Gebauer G. Impact of Global Climate Change on the European Barley Market Requires Novel Multi-Method Approaches to Preserve Crop Quality and Authenticity. Foods 2021; 10:foods10071592. [PMID: 34359461 PMCID: PMC8303565 DOI: 10.3390/foods10071592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most recently in 2018 and 2019, large parts of Europe were affected by periods of massive drought. Resulting losses in cereal yield pose a major risk to the global supply of barley, as more than 60% of global production is based in Europe. Despite the arising price fluctuations on the cereal market, authenticity of the crop must be ensured, which includes correct declaration of harvest years. Here, we show a novel approach that allows such differentiation for spring barley samples, which takes advantage of the chemical changes caused by the extreme drought. Samples from 2018 were successfully differentiated from those of 2017 by analysis of changes in near-infrared spectra, enrichment in the isotope 13C, and strong accumulation of the plant-physiological marker betaine. We demonstrate that through consideration of multiple modern analysis techniques, not only can fraudulent labelling be prevented, but indispensable knowledge on the drought tolerance of crops can be obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan G. Bindereif
- BayCEER—Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Felix Rüll
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Peter Kolb
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Lucas Köberle
- ALNuMed GmbH, Gottlieb-Keim Straße 60, 95448 Bayreuth, Germany;
| | - Holger Willms
- IREKS GmbH, Lichtenfelser Straße 20, 95326 Kulmbach, Germany;
| | - Simon Steidele
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Stephan Schwarzinger
- NBNC—North Bavarian NMR Centre, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany; (F.R.); (P.K.); (S.S.)
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)-9-2155-2046 (S.S.); +49-(0)-9-2155-2060 (G.G.)
| | - Gerhard Gebauer
- BayCEER—Laboratory of Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany;
- Correspondence: (S.S.); (G.G.); Tel.: +49-(0)-9-2155-2046 (S.S.); +49-(0)-9-2155-2060 (G.G.)
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Genomic adaptation to drought in wild barley is driven by edaphic natural selection at the Tabigha Evolution Slope. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:5223-5228. [PMID: 29712833 PMCID: PMC5960308 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1721749115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Ecological divergence at a microsite suggests adaptive evolution, and this study examined two abutting wild barley populations, each 100 m across, differentially adapted to drought tolerance on two contrasting soil types, Terra Rossa and basalt at the Tabigha Evolution Slope, Israel. We resequenced the genomes of seven and six wild barley genotypes inhabiting the Terra Rossa and basalt soils, respectively, and identified a total of 69,192,653 single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and insertions/deletions in comparison with a reference barley genome. Comparative genomic analysis between these abutting wild barley populations involved 19,615,087 high-quality SNVs. The results revealed dramatically different selection sweep regions relevant to drought tolerance driven by edaphic natural selection within 2,577 selected genes in these regions, including key drought-responsive genes associated with ABA synthesis and degradation (such as Cytochrome P450 protein) and ABA receptor complex (such as PYL2, SNF1-related kinase). The genetic diversity of the wild barley population inhabiting Terra Rossa soil is much higher than that from the basalt soil. Additionally, we identified different sets of genes for drought adaptation in the wild barley populations from Terra Rossa soil and from wild barley populations from Evolution Canyon I at Mount Carmel. These genes are associated with abscisic acid signaling, signaling and metabolism of reactive oxygen species, detoxification and antioxidative systems, rapid osmotic adjustment, and deep root morphology. The unique mechanisms for drought adaptation of the wild barley from the Tabigha Evolution Slope may be useful for crop improvement, particularly for breeding of barley cultivars with high drought tolerance.
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Honsdorf N, March TJ, Pillen K. QTL controlling grain filling under terminal drought stress in a set of wild barley introgression lines. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185983. [PMID: 29053716 PMCID: PMC5650137 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Drought is a major abiotic stress impeding the yield of cereal crops globally. Particularly in Mediterranean environments, water becomes a limiting factor during the reproductive developmental stage, causing yield losses. The wild progenitor of cultivated barley Hordeum vulgare ssp spontaneum (Hsp) is a potentially useful source of drought tolerance alleles. Wild barley introgression lines like the S42IL library may facilitate the introduction of favorable exotic alleles into breeding material. The complete set of 83 S42ILs was genotyped with the barley 9k iSelect platform in order to complete genetic information obtained in previous studies. The new map comprises 2,487 SNPs, spanning 989.8 cM and covering 94.5% of the Hsp genome. Extent and positions of introgressions were confirmed and new information for ten additional S42ILs was collected. A subset of 49 S42ILs was evaluated for drought response in four greenhouse experiments. Plants were grown under well-watered conditions until ten days post anthesis. Subsequently drought treatment was applied by reducing the available water. Several morphological and harvest parameters were evaluated. Under drought treatment, trait performance was reduced. However, there was no interaction effect between genotype and treatment, indicating that genotypes, which performed best under control treatment, also performed best under drought treatment. In total, 40 QTL for seven traits were detected in this study. For instance, favorable Hsp effects were found for thousand grain weight (TGW) and number of grains per ear under drought stress. In particular, line S42IL-121 is a promising candidate for breeding improved malting cultivars, displaying a TGW, which was increased by 17% under terminal drought stress due to the presence of an unknown wild barley QTL allele on chromosome 4H. The introgression line showed a similar advantage in previous field experiments and in greenhouse experiments under early drought stress. We, thus, recommend using S42IL-121 in barley breeding programs to enhance terminal drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Honsdorf
- Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Timothy J. March
- Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
| | - Klaus Pillen
- Plant Breeding, Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, University of Halle-Wittenberg, Halle/Saale, Germany
- * E-mail:
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6
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Cunniff J, Jones G, Charles M, Osborne CP. Yield responses of wild C 3 and C 4 crop progenitors to subambient CO 2 : a test for the role of CO 2 limitation in the origin of agriculture. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2017; 23:380-393. [PMID: 27550721 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Limitation of plant productivity by the low partial pressure of atmospheric CO2 (Ca ) experienced during the last glacial period is hypothesized to have been an important constraint on the origins of agriculture. In support of this hypothesis, previous work has shown that glacial Ca limits vegetative growth in the wild progenitors of both C3 and C4 founder crops. Here, we present data showing that glacial Ca also reduces grain yield in both crop types. We grew four wild progenitors of C3 (einkorn wheat and barley) and C4 crops (foxtail and broomcorn millets) at glacial and postglacial Ca , measuring grain yield and the morphological and physiological components contributing to these yield changes. The C3 species showed a significant increase in unthreshed grain yield of ~50% with the glacial to postglacial increase in Ca , which matched the stimulation of photosynthesis, suggesting that increases in photosynthesis are directly translated into yield at subambient levels of Ca . Increased yield was controlled by a higher rate of tillering, leading to a larger number of tillers bearing fertile spikes, and increases in seed number and size. The C4 species showed smaller, but significant, increases in grain yield of 10-15%, arising from larger seed numbers and sizes. Photosynthesis was enhanced by Ca in only one C4 species and the effect diminished during development, suggesting that an indirect mechanism mediated by plant water relations could also be playing a role in the yield increase. Interestingly, the C4 species at glacial Ca showed some evidence that photosynthetic capacity was upregulated to enhance carbon capture. Development under glacial Ca also impacted negatively on the subsequent germination and viability of seeds. These results suggest that the grain production of both C3 and C4 crop progenitors was limited by the atmospheric conditions of the last glacial period, with important implications for the origins of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cunniff
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Glynis Jones
- Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, University of Sheffield, West Street, Sheffield, S1 4ET, UK
| | - Michael Charles
- School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, 34-36 Beaumont Street, Oxford, OX1 2PG, UK
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, Alfred Denny Building, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
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7
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Cunniff J, Charles M, Jones G, Osborne CP. Reduced plant water status under sub-ambient pCO2 limits plant productivity in the wild progenitors of C3 and C4 cereals. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2016; 118:1163-1173. [PMID: 27578764 PMCID: PMC5091726 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcw165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The reduction of plant productivity by low atmospheric CO2 partial pressure (pCO2) during the last glacial period is proposed as a limiting factor for the establishment of agriculture. Supporting this hypothesis, previous work has shown that glacial pCO2 limits biomass in the wild progenitors of C3 and C4 founder crops, in part due to the direct effects of glacial pCO2 on photosynthesis. Here, we investigate the indirect role of pCO2 mediated via water status, hypothesizing that faster soil water depletion at glacial (18 Pa) compared to post-glacial (27 Pa) pCO2, due to greater stomatal conductance, feeds back to limit photosynthesis during drying cycles. METHODS We grew four wild progenitors of C3 and C4 crops at glacial and post-glacial pCO2 and investigated physiological changes in gas exchange, canopy transpiration, soil water content and water potential between regular watering events. Growth parameters including leaf area were measured. KEY RESULTS Initial transpiration rates were higher at glacial pCO2 due to greater stomatal conductance. However, stomatal conductance declined more rapidly over the soil drying cycle in glacial pCO2 and was associated with decreased intercellular pCO2 and lower photosynthesis. Soil water content was similar between pCO2 levels as larger leaf areas at post-glacial pCO2 offset the slower depletion of water. Instead the feedback could be linked to reduced plant water status. Particularly in the C4 plants, soil-leaf water potential gradients were greater at 18 Pa compared with 27 Pa pCO2, suggesting an increased ratio of leaf evaporative demand to supply. CONCLUSIONS Reduced plant water status appeared to cause a negative feedback on stomatal aperture in plants at glacial pCO2, thereby reducing photosynthesis. The effects were stronger in C4 species, providing a mechanism for reduced biomass at 18 Pa. These results have added significance when set against the drier climate of the glacial period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Cunniff
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Michael Charles
- Institute of Archaeology, 36 Beaumont St, Oxford OX1 2PG, UK
| | - Glynis Jones
- Department of Archaeology, Northgate House, University of Sheffield, West Street, Sheffield S1 4ET, UK
| | - Colin P Osborne
- Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, Alfred Denny Building, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
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Ezaki B, Higashi A, Nanba N, Nishiuchi T. An S-adenosyl Methionine Synthetase (SAMS) Gene from Andropogon virginicus L. Confers Aluminum Stress Tolerance and Facilitates Epigenetic Gene Regulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1627. [PMID: 27877178 PMCID: PMC5099669 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Candidate clones which conferred Al tolerance to yeast transformants (TFs) were obtained from a cDNA library derived from a highly Al-tolerant poaceae, Andropogon virginicus L. One such clone, AL3A-4, encoded an S-adenosyl methionine synthetase (SAMS) gene. A full-length cDNA was obtained by 5'-RACE, designated AvSAMS1, and introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana to investigate its biological functions under Al stress. Two TF plant lines both showed higher tolerance than the Col-0 ecotype (non-TF) not only for Al stress, but also for Cu, Pb, Zn and diamide stresses, suggesting the AvSAMS1 was a multiple tolerance gene. More than 40 of A. thaliana Al response-genes (Al induced genes and Al repressed genes) were selected from microarray results and then used for investigations of DNA or histone methylation status under Al stress in Col-0 and the AvSAMS1 TF line. The results indicated that Al stress caused alterations of methylation status in both DNA and histone H3 (H3K4me3 and H3K9me3) and that these alterations were different between the AvSAMS1 TF and Col-0, suggesting the differences were AvSAMS1-gene dependent. These results suggested the existence of AvSAMS1-related epigenetic gene-regulation under Al stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunichi Ezaki
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityKurashiki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Bunichi Ezaki
| | - Aiko Higashi
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityKurashiki, Japan
| | - Norie Nanba
- Institute of Plant Science and Resources, Okayama UniversityKurashiki, Japan
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Ma X, Sela H, Jiao G, Li C, Wang A, Pourkheirandish M, Weiner D, Sakuma S, Krugman T, Nevo E, Komatsuda T, Korol A, Chen G. Population-genetic analysis of HvABCG31 promoter sequence in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). BMC Evol Biol 2012; 12:188. [PMID: 23006777 PMCID: PMC3544613 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-12-188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The cuticle is an important adaptive structure whose origin played a crucial role in the transition of plants from aqueous to terrestrial conditions. HvABCG31/Eibi1 is an ABCG transporter gene, involved in cuticle formation that was recently identified in wild barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. spontaneum). To study the genetic variation of HvABCG31 in different habitats, its 2 kb promoter region was sequenced from 112 wild barley accessions collected from five natural populations from southern and northern Israel. The sites included three mesic and two xeric habitats, and differed in annual rainfall, soil type, and soil water capacity. Results Phylogenetic analysis of the aligned HvABCG31 promoter sequences clustered the majority of accessions (69 out of 71) from the three northern mesic populations into one cluster, while all 21 accessions from the Dead Sea area, a xeric southern population, and two isolated accessions (one from a xeric population at Mitzpe Ramon and one from the xeric ‘African Slope’ of “Evolution Canyon”) formed the second cluster. The southern arid populations included six haplotypes, but they differed from the consensus sequence at a large number of positions, while the northern mesic populations included 15 haplotypes that were, on average, more similar to the consensus sequence. Most of the haplotypes (20 of 22) were unique to a population. Interestingly, higher genetic variation occurred within populations (54.2%) than among populations (45.8%). Analysis of the promoter region detected a large number of transcription factor binding sites: 121–128 and 121–134 sites in the two southern arid populations, and 123–128,125–128, and 123–125 sites in the three northern mesic populations. Three types of TFBSs were significantly enriched: those related to GA (gibberellin), Dof (DNA binding with one finger), and light. Conclusions Drought stress and adaptive natural selection may have been important determinants in the observed sequence variation of HvABCG31 promoter. Abiotic stresses may be involved in the HvABCG31 gene transcription regulations, generating more protective cuticles in plants under stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ma
- Extreme Stress Resistance and Biotechnology Laboratory, Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
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10
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Adaptive microclimatic evolution of the dehydrin 6 gene in wild barley at “Evolution Canyon”, Israel. Genetica 2012; 139:1429-38. [DOI: 10.1007/s10709-012-9641-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Luo N, Liu J, Yu X, Jiang Y. Natural variation of drought response in Brachypodium distachyon. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2011; 141:19-29. [PMID: 20875057 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2010.01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Brachypodium distachyon (Brachypodium) is a temperate wild grass species and is a powerful model system for studying grain, energy, forage and turf grasses. Exploring the natural variation in the drought response of Brachypodium provides an important basis for dissecting the genetic network of drought tolerance. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse to assess the drought tolerance of 57 natural populations of Brachypodium. Principle component analysis revealed that reductions in chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and leaf water content (LWC) under drought stress explained most of the phenotypic variation, which was used to classify the tolerant and susceptible accessions. Four groups of accessions differing in drought tolerance were identified, with 3 tolerant, 16 moderately tolerant, 32 susceptible and 6 most susceptible accessions. The tolerant group had little leaf wilting and fewer reductions in Fv/Fm and LWC, while the most susceptible groups showed severe leaf wilting and more reductions in Fv/Fm and LWC. Drought stress increased total water soluble sugar (WSS) concentration, but no differences in the increased WSS were found among different groups of accessions. The large phenotypic variation of Brachypodium in response to drought stress can be used to identify genes and alleles important for the complex trait of drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Luo
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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12
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Nevo E, Chen G. Drought and salt tolerances in wild relatives for wheat and barley improvement. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2010; 33:670-85. [PMID: 20040064 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.02107.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Drought and salinity are the major abiotic stresses that dramatically threaten the food supply in the world. Tribe Triticeae, including wheat and barley, possesses tremendous potential for drought and salt tolerance that has been extensively and practically identified, tested, and transferred to wheat cultivars with proven expression of tolerance in experimental trials. Triticum dicoccoides and Hordeum spontaneum, the progenitors of cultivated wheat and barley, have adapted to a broad range of environments and developed rich genetic diversities for drought and salt tolerances. Drought- and salt-tolerant genes and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been identified in T. dicoccoides and H. spontaneum and have great potential in wheat and barley improvement. Advanced backcross QTL analysis, the introgression libraries based on wild wheat and wild barley as donors, and positional cloning of natural QTLs will play prevailing roles in elucidating the molecular control of drought and salt tolerance. Combining tolerant genes and QTLs in crop breeding programs aimed at improving tolerance to drought and salinity will be achieved within a multidisciplinary context. Wild genetic resistances to drought and salinity will be shifted in the future from field experiments to the farmer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eviatar Nevo
- Institute of Evolution and the International Graduate Center of Evolution, University of Haifa, Israel.
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13
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Ezaki B, Nagao E, Yamamoto Y, Nakashima S, Enomoto T. Wild plants, Andropogon virginicus L. and Miscanthus sinensis Anders, are tolerant to multiple stresses including aluminum, heavy metals and oxidative stresses. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2008; 27:951-961. [PMID: 18204843 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-007-0503-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2007] [Revised: 12/24/2007] [Accepted: 12/30/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To isolate high-tolerant plants against aluminum (Al), heavy metals and/or oxidative stresses as a final goal, screening of Al tolerant plants from a collection of 49 wild plants was first of all performed in this study. Andropogon virginicus L. and Miscanthus sinensis Anders showed high Al tolerant phenotypes (more than 35% values in both relative root growth and germination frequency even under 900 microM Al concentration) in our screening. Al tolerance mechanisms in these two plants were characterized and the results suggested that (1) a transport system of toxic Al ions from root to shoot, (2) a suppression of Al accumulation in root tip region and (3) a suppression of oxidative damages by an induction of anti-peroxidation enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, were involved in the tolerance mechanisms. Six wild plants [Andropogon, Miscanthus, Dianthus japonicus Thunb, Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv, Reynoutria japonica Houtt, and Sporobolus fertilis (Steud.) W. Clayton] were furthermore tested for their sensitivity against heavy metal stresses and oxidative stresses. The two high Al tolerant plants, Andropogon and/or Miscanthus, showed tolerance to Cr, Zn, diamide or hydrogen peroxide, suggesting common tolerance mechanisms among the tested stresses. Reynoutria showed tolerance to diamide and hydrogen peroxide, Sporobolus to Cr and Echinocholoa to Cd and Cu. Moreover, the collection of wild plants used in this study was a very useful kit to isolate tolerant plants against various abiotic stresses within a short period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bunichi Ezaki
- Research Institute for Bioresources, Okayama University, 2-20-1, Chuo, Kurashiki, Okayama 710-0046, Japan.
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Li JZ, Huang XQ, Heinrichs F, Ganal MW, Röder MS. Analysis of QTLs for yield components, agronomic traits, and disease resistance in an advanced backcross population of spring barley. Genome 2006; 49:454-66. [PMID: 16767170 DOI: 10.1139/g05-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum, the wild progenitor of barley, is a potential source of useful genetic variation for barley breeding programs. The objective of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTLs) in an advanced backcross population of barley. A total of 207 BC3 lines were developed using the 2-rowed German spring cultivar Hordeum vulgare subsp. vulgare 'Brenda' as a recurrent parent and the H. vulgare subsp. spontaneum accession HS584 as a donor parent. The lines were genotyped by 108 simple-sequence repeat (SSR) markers and evaluated in field tests for the measurement of grain yield and its components, such as ear length, spikelet number per spike, grain number per spike, spike number, and 1000-grain mass, as well as heading date and plant height. A total of 100 QTLs were detected. Ten QTLs with increasing effects were found for ear length, spikelet number, and grain number per spike. Three QTLs contributed by HS584 were found to significantly decrease days to heading across all years at 2 locations. In addition, 2 QTLs from HS584 on chromosomes 2H and 3H were associated with resistance to leaf rust. Based on genotypic data obtained from this population, 55 introgression lines carrying 1 or 2 donor segments were selected to develop a set of doubled-haploid lines, which will be used to reconfirm and investigate the effects of 100 QTLs for future genetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Z Li
- Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany
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15
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Batchu AK, Zimmermann D, Schulze-Lefert P, Koprek T. Correlation between hordatine accumulation, environmental factors and genetic diversity in wild barley (Hordeum spontaneum C. Koch) accessions from the Near East Fertile Crescent. Genetica 2006; 127:87-99. [PMID: 16850216 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-005-2484-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wild barley shows a large morphological and phenotypic variation, which is associated with ecogeographical factors and correlates with genotypic differences. Diversity of defense related genes and their expression in wild barley has been recognized and has led to attempts to exploit genes from H. spontaneum in breeding programs. The aim of this study was to determine the variation in the accumulation of hordatines, which are Hordeum-specific preformed secondary metabolites with strong and broad antimicrobial activity in vitro, in 50 accessions of H. spontaneum from different habitats in Israel. Differences in the accumulation of hordatines in the seedling stage were significant between different H. spontaneum genotypes from different regional locations and micro-sites. Variation in the hordatine accumulation within genotypes was between 9% and 45%, between genotypes from the same location between 13% and 38%, and between genotypes from different locations up to 121%. Principal component analysis showed that water related factors explain 39%, temperature related factors explain 33% and edaphic factors account for 11% of the observed variation between the populations of H. spontaneum. Genetic analysis of the tested accessions with LP-PCR primers that are specific for genes involved in the biosynthetic pathway of hordatines showed tight correlations between hordatine abundance and genetic diversity of these markers. Multiple regression analyses indicated associations between genetic diversity of genes directly involved in hordatine biosynthesis, ecogeographical factors and the accumulation of hordatines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Batchu
- Max-Planck-Institute for Plant Breeding Research Cologne, Carl-von-Linné Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
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16
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Poorter H, van Rijn CPE, Vanhala TK, Verhoeven KJF, de Jong YEM, Stam P, Lambers H. A genetic analysis of relative growth rate and underlying components in Hordeum spontaneum. Oecologia 2004; 142:360-77. [PMID: 15655691 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1705-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2004] [Accepted: 08/04/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Species from productive and unproductive habitats differ inherently in their relative growth rate (RGR) and a wide range of correlated quantitative traits. We investigated the genetic basis of this trait complex, and specifically assessed whether it is under the control of just one or a few genes that can act as 'master switches' by simultaneously affecting a range of traits in the complex. To address this problem, we crossed two Hordeum spontaneum lines originating from two habitats that differ in productivity. The F3 offspring, in which parental alleles are present in different combinations due to recombination and segregation, was analysed for RGR and its underlying components (leaf area ratio, unit leaf rate, photosynthesis, respiration), as well as a number of other physiological and morphological parameters. For this intra-specific comparison, we found a complex of positively and negatively correlated traits, which was quite similar to what is generally observed across species. A quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis showed three major and one minor QTL for RGR. Most other variables of the growth-trait complex showed fewer QTLs that were typically scattered over various locations on the genome. Thus, at least in H. spontaneum, we found no evidence for regulation of the trait complex by one or two master switches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik Poorter
- Plant Ecophysiology, Utrecht University, PO Box 800.84, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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