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Digby Z, Tourlomousis P, Rooney J, Boyle JP, Bibo-Verdugo B, Pickering RJ, Webster SJ, Monie TP, Hopkins LJ, Kayagaki N, Salvesen GS, Warming S, Weinert L, Bryant CE. Evolutionary loss of inflammasomes in the Carnivora and implications for the carriage of zoonotic infections. Cell Rep 2021; 36:109614. [PMID: 34433041 PMCID: PMC8411117 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoonotic pathogens, such as COVID-19, reside in animal hosts before jumping species to infect humans. The Carnivora, like mink, carry many zoonoses, yet how diversity in host immune genes across species affect pathogen carriage is poorly understood. Here, we describe a progressive evolutionary downregulation of pathogen-sensing inflammasome pathways in Carnivora. This includes the loss of nucleotide-oligomerization domain leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs), acquisition of a unique caspase-1/-4 effector fusion protein that processes gasdermin D pore formation without inducing rapid lytic cell death, and the formation of a caspase-8 containing inflammasome that inefficiently processes interleukin-1β. Inflammasomes regulate gut immunity, but the carnivorous diet has antimicrobial properties that could compensate for the loss of these immune pathways. We speculate that the consequences of systemic inflammasome downregulation, however, can impair host sensing of specific pathogens such that they can reside undetected in the Carnivora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsofi Digby
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | | | - James Rooney
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Joseph P Boyle
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Betsaida Bibo-Verdugo
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Robert J Pickering
- University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 111, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Steven J Webster
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Thomas P Monie
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Lee J Hopkins
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK; University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 111, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK
| | - Nobuhiko Kayagaki
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Guy S Salvesen
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Soren Warming
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Lucy Weinert
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK
| | - Clare E Bryant
- University of Cambridge, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Cambridge CB30ES, UK; University of Cambridge, School of Clinical Medicine, Box 111, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0SP, UK.
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2
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Mestrinho LA, Santos RR. Translational oncotargets for immunotherapy: From pet dogs to humans. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:296-313. [PMID: 33705879 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies in rodent models have been a pivotal role in human clinical research, but many of them fail in the translational process. Spontaneous tumors in pet dogs have the potential to bridge the gap between preclinical models and human clinical trials. Their natural occurrence in an immunocompetent system overcome the limitations of preclinical rodent models. Due to its reasonable cellular, molecular, and genetic homology to humans, the pet dog represents a valuable model to accelerate the translation of preclinical studies to clinical trials in humans, actually with benefits for both species. Moreover, their unique genetic features of breeding and breed-related mutations have contributed to assess and optimize therapeutics in individuals with different genetic backgrounds. This review aims to outline four main immunotherapy approaches - cancer vaccines, adaptive T-cell transfer, antibodies, and cytokines -, under research in veterinary medicine and how they can serve the clinical application crosstalk with humans.
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3
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Liang D, Yang Q, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Liu H, Zhang S. Dietary vitamin A deficiency reduces growth performance, immune function of intestine, and alters tight junction proteins of intestine for juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 107:346-356. [PMID: 33068761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin A (VA) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, digestion, intestinal immune response, and mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins for juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to obtain VA levels (317, 1136, 2038, 4142, 7715, 15204 IU/kg diet, respectively). The triplicate groups of fish (average weight of 9.01 ± 0.27 g) were fed twice daily (8:00 and 16:00) for 7 weeks. Based on the broken-line analysis model of WG and LYZ activity, the dietary VA requirement of hybrid grouper were estimated to be 2688.58 and 4096.36 IU/kg diet. The results showed that VA deficiency or excess could reduce Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio, and increase feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index (P < 0.05). In addition, VA deficiency could reduce the serum activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity and increase the malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). VA deficiency also could reduce intestinal activities of ACP, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, complement 3, complement 4 contents, and activities of alpha-amylase, lipase, and trypsin (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, VA deficiency could reduce villus height in proximal intestine (PI) and mid intestine (MI), as well as muscle thickness in PI and distal intestine (DI) (P < 0.05). Moreover, VA deficiency could down-regulated antimicrobial peptides (β-defensin, Hepcidin [not in MI and DI], Epinecidin), anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1 [not in DI]), tight junction proteins (occluding and claudin3) mRNA levels in the PI, MI and DI, and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [not in MI] and interleukin 1β [not in MI]), signaling molecules c-Rel and p65 (P < 0.05). Collectively, VA deficiency could reduce growth performance because of a negative effect on intestinal health by depressing digestive abilities, intestinal morphology, immunity and tight junction function in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Liang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
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Klumplerova M, Splichalova P, Oppelt J, Futas J, Kohutova A, Musilova P, Kubickova S, Vodicka R, Orlando L, Horin P. Genetic diversity, evolution and selection in the major histocompatibility complex DRB and DQB loci in the family Equidae. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:677. [PMID: 32998693 PMCID: PMC7525986 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The mammalian Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is a genetic region containing highly polymorphic genes with immunological functions. MHC class I and class II genes encode antigen-presenting molecules expressed on the cell surface. The MHC class II sub-region contains genes expressed in antigen presenting cells. The antigen binding site is encoded by the second exon of genes encoding antigen presenting molecules. The exon 2 sequences of these MHC genes have evolved under the selective pressure of pathogens. Interspecific differences can be observed in the class II sub-region. The family Equidae includes a variety of domesticated, and free-ranging species inhabiting a range of habitats exposed to different pathogens and represents a model for studying this important part of the immunogenome. While equine MHC class II DRA and DQA loci have received attention, the genetic diversity and effects of selection on DRB and DQB loci have been largely overlooked. This study aimed to provide the first in-depth analysis of the MHC class II DRB and DQB loci in the Equidae family. Results Three DRB and two DQB genes were identified in the genomes of all equids. The genes DRB2, DRB3 and DQB3 showed high sequence conservation, while polymorphisms were more frequent at DRB1 and DQB1 across all species analyzed. DQB2 was not found in the genome of the Asiatic asses Equus hemionus kulan and E. h. onager. The bioinformatic analysis of non-zero-coverage-bases of DRB and DQB genes in 14 equine individual genomes revealed differences among individual genes. Evidence for recombination was found for DRB1, DRB2, DQB1 and DQB2 genes. Trans-species allele sharing was identified in all genes except DRB1. Site-specific selection analysis predicted genes evolving under positive selection both at DRB and DQB loci. No selected amino acid sites were identified in DQB3. Conclusions The organization of the MHC class II sub-region of equids is similar across all species of the family. Genomic sequences, along with phylogenetic trees suggesting effects of selection as well as trans-species polymorphism support the contention that pathogen-driven positive selection has shaped the MHC class II DRB/DQB sub-regions in the Equidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Klumplerova
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Ceitec VFU, RG Animal Immunogenomics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Splichalova
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Ceitec VFU, RG Animal Immunogenomics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Oppelt
- Ceitec VFU, RG Animal Immunogenomics, Brno, Czech Republic.,Ceitec MU, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic.,National Centre for Biomolecular research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Futas
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Ceitec VFU, RG Animal Immunogenomics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aneta Kohutova
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Musilova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Ceitec VRI, RG Animal Cytogenomics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Svatava Kubickova
- Department of Genetics and Reproductive Biotechnologies, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.,Ceitec VRI, RG Animal Cytogenomics, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Vodicka
- Zoo Prague, U Trojského zámku 120/3, 171 00, Praha 7, Czech Republic
| | - Ludovic Orlando
- Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse, CNRS UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, Université Paul Sabatier, 31000, Toulouse, France.,Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Øster Voldgade 5-7, 1350K, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Petr Horin
- Department of Animal Genetics, Veterinary and Pharmaceutical University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Ceitec VFU, RG Animal Immunogenomics, Brno, Czech Republic.
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5
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Rohde F, Schusser B, Hron T, Farkašová H, Plachý J, Härtle S, Hejnar J, Elleder D, Kaspers B. Characterization of Chicken Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, a Long Missed Cytokine in Birds. Front Immunol 2018; 9:605. [PMID: 29719531 PMCID: PMC5913325 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is a pleiotropic cytokine playing critical roles in host defense and acute and chronic inflammation. It has been described in fish, amphibians, and mammals but was considered to be absent in the avian genomes. Here, we report on the identification and functional characterization of the avian ortholog. The chicken TNF-α (chTNF-α) is encoded by a highly GC-rich gene, whose product shares with its mammalian counterpart 45% homology in the extracellular part displaying the characteristic TNF homology domain. Orthologs of chTNF-α were identified in the genomes of 12 additional avian species including Palaeognathae and Neognathae, and the synteny of the closely adjacent loci with mammalian TNF-α orthologs was demonstrated in the crow (Corvus cornix) genome. In addition to chTNF-α, we obtained full sequences for homologs of TNF-α receptors 1 and 2 (TNFR1, TNFR2). chTNF-α mRNA is strongly induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of monocyte derived, splenic and bone marrow macrophages, and significantly upregulated in splenic tissue in response to i.v. LPS treatment. Activation of T-lymphocytes by TCR crosslinking induces chTNF-α expression in CD4+ but not in CD8+ cells. To gain insights into its biological activity, we generated recombinant chTNF-α in eukaryotic and prokaryotic expression systems. Both, the full-length cytokine and the extracellular domain rapidly induced an NFκB-luciferase reporter in stably transfected CEC-32 reporter cells. Collectively, these data provide strong evidence for the existence of a fully functional TNF-α/TNF-α receptor system in birds thus filling a gap in our understanding of the evolution of cytokine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Rohde
- Department of Veterinary Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Benjamin Schusser
- Reproductive Biotechnology, Department of Animal Sciences, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Tomáš Hron
- Laboratory of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Helena Farkašová
- Laboratory of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Jiří Plachý
- Laboratory of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Sonja Härtle
- Department of Veterinary Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Jiří Hejnar
- Laboratory of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Daniel Elleder
- Laboratory of Viral and Cellular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Bernd Kaspers
- Department of Veterinary Science, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany
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6
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Zhang Y, Jiang J, Xie J, Xu C, Wang C, Yin L, Yang L, Sung KLP. Combined effects of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β on lysyl oxidase and matrix metalloproteinase expression in human knee synovial fibroblasts in vitro. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:5258-5266. [PMID: 29285051 PMCID: PMC5740568 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that inflammatory cytokines are associated with matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and/or lysyl oxidases (LOXs) produced by anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) fibroblasts, which may contribute to the poor healing ability of the ACL. To evaluate whether the synovium also participates in ACL healing, the inflammatory microenvironment of the knee joint cavity was mimicked following ACL injury, and the combined effects of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) on the expression of MMPs and LOXs in synovial fibroblasts were studied. Cell viability was evaluated using trypan blue staining in the presence of TNF-α and IL-1β, and the expression of LOXs and MMPs was measured by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. MMP-2 activity was also measured by zymography. The results indicated that the combined effects of TNF-α and IL-1β inhibited LOX expression, while promoting MMP-1, −2 and −3 expression and MMP-2 activity in synovial fibroblasts. These changes may impede healing by altering the balance between the degradative and biosynthetic arms of the ligament tissue remodeling process. Collectively, the present results suggest that the poor healing ability of cruciate ligaments may be due to the sensitivity of the synovium to inflammatory factors. Therefore, the synovium potentially serves a key regulatory role in the joint cavity microenvironment and in the healing process of the ACL, and thus should be considered as a therapeutic target to aid in the treatment of patients with ACL trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Zhang
- Department of Life Science, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan 411201, P.R. China.,Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Jiahuan Jiang
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xie
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Chunming Xu
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Chunli Wang
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Lin Yin
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Li Yang
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China
| | - Kuo-Li Paul Sung
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Tissue Repair, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, P.R. China.,Departments of Bioengineering and Orthopedics, University of California, San Diego, California 92093-0412, USA
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7
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Variants in the interleukin-1 alpha and beta genes, and the risk for periodontal disease in dogs. J Genet 2015; 94:651-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-015-0576-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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8
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Bo YX, Song XH, Wu K, Hu B, Sun BY, Liu ZJ, Fu JG. Characterization of interleukin-1β as a proinflammatory cytokine in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:584-595. [PMID: 26235982 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a well-characterized cytokine that plays key roles in cellular responses to infection, inflammation, and immunological challenges in mammals. In this study, we identified and analyzed a grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) ortholog of IL-1β (gcIL-1β), examined its expression patterns in various tissues in both healthy and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated specimens, and evaluated its proinflammatory activities. The gcIL-1β gene consists of seven exons and six introns. The full-length cDNA sequence contains an open reading frame of 813 nucleotides. The deduced amino acid sequence exhibits a characteristic IL-1 signature but lacks the typical IL-1β converting enzyme cleavage site that is conserved in mammals. In the phylogenetic tree, IL-1βs from grass carp and other members of the Cyprinidae family clustered into a single group. Expression pattern analysis revealed that gcIL-1β is constitutively expressed in all 11 tissues examined, and LPS stimulation leads to significant up-regulation in muscle, liver, intestine, skin, trunk kidney, head kidney, and gill. Recombinant grass carp IL-1β (rgcIL-1β) was generated prokaryotically as a fusion protein of Trx-rgcIL-1β. An anti-rgcIL-1β polyclonal antibody (rgcIL-1β pAb) was raised in mice against the purified Trx-rgcIL-1β. Western blot analysis confirmed that rgcIL-1β pAb reacted specifically with gcIL-1β in C. idella kidney (CIK) cells. Quantitative real-time PCR data indicated that intestinal mRNA expression levels of endogenous IL-1β, IL-1R2, and TNF-α were significantly up-regulated following Trx-rgcIL-1β exposure. The inhibitory activities of rgcIL-1β pAb against the inflammatory response were confirmed in a model of Aeromonas hydrophila-induced intestinal inflammation. Our immunohistochemical study revealed that the degree and intensity of inflammatory cell infiltration are fully consistent with the observed mRNA expression patterns of these key inflammatory genes. Taken together, these data suggest that gcIL-1β plays a critical role in the proinflammatory response in the grass carp intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Xuan Bo
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Xue-Hong Song
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China.
| | - Kang Wu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Bing-Yao Sun
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Liu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
| | - Jian-Gui Fu
- School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, China
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Ferreira L, Melo S, Diniz A, Vaz S, Abreu J, Manso H, Filho HM. Aerobic exercise produces changes in plasma IL-6 but not IL-1b in four-beat gaited horses. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/cep150012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Exercise is an important stressor and is correlated with cytokine production in several tissues. There is little information about changes in interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1b in four-beat gaited horses during a typical aerobic exercise challenge. The objective of this research was to characterise changes in plasma IL-6, IL-1b, cortisol and other blood biomarkers in four-beat gaited horses after a marcha simulation test. We subjected 12 fit horses (approximately 5 years old and 390 kg) to the marcha simulation test (MST) (i.e. a 10 min warm-up, 30 min at marcha and 15 min cool down). Blood samples were collected before the MST, immediately after the MST and 15 and 120 min after the MST (i.e. recovery). Results were analysed with One Way Repeated Measures ANOVA and a Tukey tests with P≤0.05 and Pearson correlation test. The highest value of plasma IL-6 was observed immediately after MST (6.85 pg/ml) (P≥0.05). IL-1 and cortisol did not change (P≥0.05). However, creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase, nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA), glycerol, total cholesterol and glucose were elevated immediately after the MST and at 15 min after the MST (P≤0.05). No change was observed in alanine aminotransferase and triglycerides (P>0.05). Medium correlation was observed between NEFA and glycerol (R=0.64) and glycerol and triglycerides (R=0.50). In conclusion, an increase in IL-6 immediately that occurred after marcha simulation test was associated with elevated concentrations of several energetic metabolites (NEFA, glycerol and glucose). This metabolic adaption may contributed to the horses’ performance during their typical aerobic exercise and was not associated with significant elevation in IL-1b, CK, and cortisol in healthy trained four-beat gaited horses.
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Affiliation(s)
- L.M.C. Ferreira
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, 52.171-900 Recife PE, Brazil
| | - S.K.M. Melo
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, 52.171-900 Recife PE, Brazil
| | - A.I.A. Diniz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, 52.171-900 Recife PE, Brazil
| | - S.G. Vaz
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, 52.171-900 Recife PE, Brazil
| | - J.M.G. Abreu
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, Fortaleza CE, Brazil
| | - H.E.C.C.C. Manso
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, 52.171-900 Recife PE, Brazil
| | - H.C. Manso Filho
- Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina, Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros s/n, 52.171-900 Recife PE, Brazil
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10
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Prachar C, Kaup FJ, Neumann S. Interleukin-1 Beta (IL-1<i>β</i>) in the Peripheral Blood of Dogs as a Possible Marker for the Detection of Early Stages of Inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/ojvm.2013.37049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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11
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Johnson KC, Mackin A. Canine immune-mediated polyarthritis: part 2: diagnosis and treatment. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2012; 48:71-82. [PMID: 22267168 DOI: 10.5326/jaaha-ms-5756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Canine immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) is a diagnosis of exclusion based predominantly on clinical signs, characteristic joint fluid analysis, and elimination of potential joint infection. Ultimately, an appropriate and sustained response to immunosuppressive therapy may become the final diagnostic criterion used. Identifying associated disease processes, including breed-specific syndromes, remote infection, inflammation, drug exposure, vaccine exposure, or neoplasia, as well as initial response to therapy, is often an important contributor to prognosis. This review article is the second of a two part series and focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis. The first article in this series, published in the January/February 2012 issue, concentrated on the pathophysiology of IMPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin C Johnson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, MS, USA.
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Hofer J, DeFrancesco TC, Williams LE. Detection of tumour necrosis factor-alpha in dogs with lymphoma*. Vet Comp Oncol 2011; 9:290-5. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5829.2011.00267.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Feely MG, Erickson A, O'Dell JR. Therapeutic options for rheumatoid arthritis. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2009; 28:1622-30. [PMID: 19606939 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0396-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 02/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic inflammatory disorder primarily targeting the synovium. Unchecked disease activity is associated with significant morbidity and an increased mortality. Recent advances in the understanding of the pathogenesis of RA and the capability of biologically engineered treatments for RA have expanded the armamentarium of antirheumatic agents. METHODS A systematic literature review was conducted through PubMed. RESULTS/CONCLUSIONS At present, a common strategy for the treatment of RA uses methotrexate either as monotherapy or in combination with a variety of conventional and/or biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), with the goal of inducing remission of active disease. The choice of which agent(s) to use is based upon patient-specific criteria (activity of disease, comorbidities, patient preferences, costs etc.). Emerging therapies that target specific cytokines and growth factors in the inflammatory cascade of RA offer a potent new means of modifying disease activity, but many questions regarding their use remain unanswered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Feely
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Section of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, 983025 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 - 3025, USA.
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Waerhaug K, Kuklin VN, Kirov MY, Sovershaev MA, Langbakk B, Ingebretsen OC, Ytrehus K, Bjertnaes LJ. Recombinant human activated protein C attenuates endotoxin-induced lung injury in awake sheep. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2008; 12:R104. [PMID: 18702832 PMCID: PMC2575593 DOI: 10.1186/cc6985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2008] [Revised: 08/01/2008] [Accepted: 08/15/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Acute lung injury often complicates severe sepsis. In Gram-negative sepsis, bacterial endotoxin activates both coagulation and inflammation. Enhanced lung vascular pressures and permeability, increased extravascular lung water content and deteriorated gas exchange characterize ovine endotoxin-induced lung injury, a frequently used model of acute lung injury. Recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC), with its anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, fibrinolytic and antiapoptotic effects, reportedly reduces the respirator-dependent days and the mortality of patients with severe sepsis. We speculate whether rhAPC antagonizes endotoxin-induced lung injury in sheep. Methods Two groups of sheep were exposed to Escherichia coli endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide) 15 ng/kg/minute intravenously from 0 to 24 hours; one group received only lipopolysaccharide throughout (n = 8), and the other group received lipopolysaccharide in combination with rhAPC 24 μg/kg/hour from 4 to 24 hours (n = 9). In addition, one group received rhAPC as above as the only intervention (n = 4), and four sham-operated sheep were used for determination of the α and ε isoforms of protein kinase C in pulmonary tissue. Data were assessed by one-way analysis of variance for repeated measurements. Biochemical data were analyzed using Student's t test, or using the Mann–Whitney U test when appropriate. Results Infusion of endotoxin caused lung injury, manifested by increments in pulmonary artery pressure, in pulmonary micro-occlusion pressure, in pulmonary vascular downstream resistance, in pulmonary vascular permeability index, in extravascular lung water index and in deterioration of oxygenation that were all attenuated by infusion of rhAPC. Endotoxemia led to changes in inflammation and coagulation, including pulmonary neutrophil accumulation paralleled by increased TNFα and decreased protein C and fibrinogen in animal plasma, which all improved following infusion of rhAPC. Moreover, rhAPC prevented the translocation of protein kinase C α and ε isoforms from the cytosolic fraction of lung tissue extracts. Conclusion In awake sheep, rhAPC alleviates endotoxin-induced lung injury – as characterized by improvements of oxygenation, coagulation and inflammation, as well as by reversal of pulmonary hemodynamic and volumetric changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Waerhaug
- Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tromsø, Norway
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Quantification of cytokines and inflammatory mediators in a three-dimensional model of inflammatory arthritis. Cytokine 2008; 42:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2008.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2007] [Revised: 01/31/2008] [Accepted: 02/06/2008] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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