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Jorge JS, Santos RL, de Sena Monte O, Freire EMX, Caliman A. The Arrow Macambira (Encholirium spectabile: Bromeliaceae) as an Important Habitat for the Arthropod Fauna in Rocky Outcrops of the Brazilian Semi-Arid Region. NEOTROPICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2024; 53:568-577. [PMID: 38687426 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-024-01145-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Bromeliads play a vital role in preserving biodiversity in the Neotropical region. To understand their impact on arthropod diversity in Brazil's semi-arid region, we studied the rupicolous bromeliad Encholirium spectabile. From 2011 to 2018, we observed the arthropod fauna in E. spectabile clumps, documenting the associated taxa, their abundance, and interactions. We also investigated how seasonality affects arthropod richness and composition during the dry and rainy seasons. Over the observation period, 15 orders and 57 arthropod families were recorded in association with E. spectabile. Insecta dominated, followed by predatory chelicerates. Eight usage categories were identified, with Shelter being the most prevalent, followed by Predators, Nesters, and Nectarivores. Significant differences in taxonomic richness were noted between rainy and dry seasons, with the rainy season exhibiting higher diversity. Seasonal variation was also observed in species composition. Clumps of E. spectabile emerged as crucial habitats for surrounding arthropod fauna. This research underscores the importance of non-phylotelm bromeliads, particularly in high abiotic stress environments like semi-arid regions. The taxonomic diversity observed aligns with findings from diverse environments, shedding light on the relevance of E. spectabile for associated arthropod fauna. These results prompt further exploration of non-phylotelm bromeliads in semi-arid settings, providing a fresh perspective on their significance in shaping arthropod communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueiuto S Jorge
- Departament of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil.
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil.
| | - Roberto Lima Santos
- Departament of Botanic and Zoology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Otávio de Sena Monte
- Departament of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
| | - Eliza Maria X Freire
- Departament of Botanic and Zoology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
| | - Adriano Caliman
- Departament of Ecology, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Ecology, Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, Rio Grande Do Norte, Brazil
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Arantes FM, de Paula LF, Forzza RC. Checklist of vascular plant species on inselbergs in the Monumento Natural dos Pontões Capixabas, Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Biodivers Data J 2024; 12:e105688. [PMID: 38235164 PMCID: PMC10793112 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.12.e105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Inselbergs are granitic and/or gneissic rocky outcrops and, in Brazil, the dome-shaped ones in the Atlantic Forest Domain are called sugarloaves (pães de açúcar). They have an extremely specialised vegetation with high levels of endemism. Even though, they are poorly studied and highly degraded. In north-eastern Espírito Santo State, south-eastern Brazil, the Monumento Natural dos Pontões Capixabas (MONAPC) is a federal protected area created to guard some inselbergs mainly threatened by mining, which is one of the main economic activities in the State. In this work, we provide the first checklist of the vascular plant species in this protected area. New information We recorded 108 species in 36 families and 75 genera that inhabit the vegetation islands on the inselbergs within the official limits of MONAPC. A new species of Pleroma (Melastomataceae) and a new species of Cololobus (Asteraceae) were discovered as new to science and they are being described in other articles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiula Moreno Arantes
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilJardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Luiza F.A. de Paula
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, BrazilUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisBelo HorizonteBrazil
| | - Rafaela Campostrini Forzza
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilJardim Botânico do Rio de JaneiroRio de JaneiroBrazil
- Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade, Prado, BrazilInstituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da BiodiversidadePradoBrazil
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De Paula LFA, Forzza RC, Azevedo LO, Bueno ML, Solar RRC, Vanschoenwinkel B, Porembski S. Climatic control of mat vegetation communities on inselberg archipelagos in south-eastern Brazil. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blaa196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Granite and/or gneiss inselbergs are excellent examples of geomorphologically stable island habitats, considered as old, climatically buffered, infertile landscapes (OCBILs). However, unlike oceanic islands, their underlying drivers of diversity patterns remain to be investigated. Here, we studied 24 inselbergs in south-eastern Brazil, aiming to understand the role of landscape variables and environmental conditions in the assembly of the characteristic extremophilic mat vegetation communities. We found that beta diversity was largely explained by climatic variables, whereas species richness did not vary among inselbergs. Classic determinants of the diversity of island communities do not generally seem to apply to these plant assemblages. Overall, these communities change along a coast-to-inland gradient that captures increased seasonality with a replacement of more hydrophilic taxa by more drought-tolerant taxa. Changes in species composition in space involved strong species replacement, with several widespread genera locally represented on distinct inselbergs by different narrowly distributed species. Despite the deterministic sorting of taxa based on climatic conditions, a substantial fraction of the beta diversity remained unexplained. This underlines the importance of historical processes, which are easier to notice in stable OCBIL regions, such as range expansion, local extinction, dispersal constraints and allopatric speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza F A De Paula
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Luísa O Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcelo L Bueno
- Laboratory of Macroecology & Evolution, Universidade Estadual de Mato Grosso do Sul, Unidade Mundo Novo, Mato Grosso do Sul, MS, Brazil
| | - Ricardo R C Solar
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida. Antônio Carlos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bram Vanschoenwinkel
- Community Ecology Laboratory, Department of Biology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Pleinlaan, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stefan Porembski
- Institut für Biowissenschaften, Allgemeine und Spezielle Botanik, Universität Rostock, Wismarsche Straße, Rostock, Germany
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de Paula LFA, Azevedo LO, Mauad LP, Cardoso LJT, Braga JMA, Kollmann LJC, Fraga CN, Menini Neto L, Labiak PH, Mello-Silva R, Porembski S, Forzza RC. Sugarloaf Land in south-eastern Brazil: a tropical hotspot of lowland inselberg plant diversity. Biodivers Data J 2020; 8:e53135. [PMID: 32617070 PMCID: PMC7320030 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.8.e53135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isolated monoliths of granitic and/or gneissic rock rising abruptly from the surrounding landscape are known as inselbergs. Dome-shaped inselbergs are common throughout the Atlantic Forest in south-eastern Brazil, a region known as Sugarloaf Land (SLL). This study aimed to create the first checklist of vascular plant species occurring on lowland inselbergs in SLL, with a focus on vegetation islands. We used information from online databases, our own field sampling and data from previously-published studies. We found 548 vascular plant species (505 angiosperms; 43 ferns and lycophytes) belonging to 69 families and 212 genera. Of all identified species, 536 are native and 12 are naturalised. New information We updated the information currently available in Flora do Brasil 2020, as 59% of the angiosperms and 63% of the ferns and lycophytes on our checklist were not previously characterised as occurring on rock outcrops. As a first step towards generating a Virtual Herbarium of lowland inselberg vascular plants, we added barcode vouchers with images available online for 75% of the total number of vascular species. In the official lists of endangered species, 115 angiosperms and five ferns and lycophytes are mentioned. However, the conservation status of many species have not yet been evaluated (77% angiosperms; 88% ferns and lycophytes), thus this list is an important step towards their conservation. The information provided herein is essential for management programmes related to rock outcrops in Brazil as they are facing serious threats to conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza F A de Paula
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Luísa O Azevedo
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - Luana Paula Mauad
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Leandro Jorge Telles Cardoso
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - João Marcelo Alvarenga Braga
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ludovic J C Kollmann
- Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão, Santa Teresa, Brazil Instituto Nacional da Mata Atlântica, Museu de Biologia Prof. Mello Leitão Santa Teresa Brazil
| | - Claudio N Fraga
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Luiz Menini Neto
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora Juiz de Fora Brazil
| | - Paulo H Labiak
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil Universidade Federal do Paraná Curitiba Brazil
| | - Renato Mello-Silva
- Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Stefan Porembski
- Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany Universität Rostock Rostock Germany
| | - Rafaela Campostrini Forzza
- Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
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Rogalski JM, Reis A, Rogalski M, Montagna T, Dos Reis MS. Mating System and Genetic Structure Across All Known Populations of Dyckia brevifolia: A Clonal, Endemic, and Endangered Rheophyte Bromeliad. J Hered 2020; 108:299-307. [PMID: 28199659 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esx011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Dyckia brevifolia is an endemic rheophyte bromeliad that occurs exclusively in patches on rocky banks of the Itajaí-Açu River in southern Brazil. The genetic diversity of all known populations was carried out using allozyme markers and the total numbers of rosettes, reproductive rosettes, and clumps per population were characterized. The mating system was also investigated. Most rosettes were aggregated in groups, and the populations differed significantly in number of rosettes and reproductive rosettes per population. The outcrossing rate obtained was 8.2%, with predominant selfing. The populations presented an average of 1.4 alleles per locus and 27% of polymorphisms. The mean expected genetic diversity was 0.067. Downstream populations showed the highest genetic diversity which could be attributed to hydrochory (unidirectional river flow). Most genetic diversity is distributed among populations (F^ST = 0.402). Natural habitats of D. brevifolia are not recommended for the construction of hydroelectric plants given that it would seriously complicate in situ conservation of this species. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that between 35 and 161 reproductive rosettes must be collected for effective ex situ conservation, depending on the targeted population, or seeds collected from 157 seed-rosettes per population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Marcia Rogalski
- From the Núcleo de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, Distrito Engenheiro Luiz Englert, Caixa Postal 21, Sertão, 99170-000, RS, Brazil (J. M. Rogalski); Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Centro, Itajaí, Brazil (Reis); Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil (M. Rogalski); and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Florestas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil (Montagna and dos Reis)
| | - Ademir Reis
- From the Núcleo de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, Distrito Engenheiro Luiz Englert, Caixa Postal 21, Sertão, 99170-000, RS, Brazil (J. M. Rogalski); Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Centro, Itajaí, Brazil (Reis); Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil (M. Rogalski); and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Florestas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil (Montagna and dos Reis)
| | - Marcelo Rogalski
- From the Núcleo de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, Distrito Engenheiro Luiz Englert, Caixa Postal 21, Sertão, 99170-000, RS, Brazil (J. M. Rogalski); Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Centro, Itajaí, Brazil (Reis); Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil (M. Rogalski); and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Florestas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil (Montagna and dos Reis)
| | - Tiago Montagna
- From the Núcleo de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, Distrito Engenheiro Luiz Englert, Caixa Postal 21, Sertão, 99170-000, RS, Brazil (J. M. Rogalski); Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Centro, Itajaí, Brazil (Reis); Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil (M. Rogalski); and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Florestas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil (Montagna and dos Reis)
| | - Maurício Sedrez Dos Reis
- From the Núcleo de Ciências Biológicas e Ambientais, Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rodovia RS 135, Km 25, Distrito Engenheiro Luiz Englert, Caixa Postal 21, Sertão, 99170-000, RS, Brazil (J. M. Rogalski); Herbário Barbosa Rodrigues, Centro, Itajaí, Brazil (Reis); Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil (M. Rogalski); and Núcleo de Pesquisas em Florestas Tropicais, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil (Montagna and dos Reis)
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Manhães VDC, de Miranda FD, Clarindo WR, Carrijo TT. Genetic diversity and karyotype of Pitcairnia azouryi: an endangered species of Bromeliaceae endemic to Atlantic Forest inselbergs. Mol Biol Rep 2019; 47:179-189. [PMID: 31587186 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-019-05118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Plant species of various families, such as those of Bromeliaceae, occur on inselbergs where they are subject to geographic isolation and environmental conditions that can lead to genetic erosion. This, in turn, can result in the loss of natural populations due to homozygosis, or changes in ploidy that may lead to reproductive isolation. The genetic diversity of five natural populations of Pitcairnia azouryi was measured using nine microsatellite markers transferred from P. albiflos and P. geyskesii. Chromosome numbers and nuclear DNA content were also evaluated. The results indicated moderate genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.188), and significant gene flow (Nm = 1.073) in four of the five populations. P. azouryi has, predominantly, 2n = 50 chromosomes and DNA content of 2C = 1.16 pg, but the tetraploid condition was found (2n = 100 and 2C = 2.32 pg) in seedlings of an individual of the most geographically isolated population. The moderate level of genetic structuring observed for P. azouryi seems to be related to its disjoint geographical distribution and the locally aggregated spatial structure of the populations, which are isolated from each other, hindering the inter and intrapopulational gene flow. This interpretation was also evidenced by the mantel test (r = 0.777, P < 0.05). The occurrence of diploid individuals with tetraploid seedlings is indicative of events of eupolyploidization, possibly due to the environmental conditions of this geographically isolated population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor da Cunha Manhães
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Alto Universitário s.n., Guararema, Alegre, ES, CEP 29500-000, Brazil.
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Botânica, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Quinta da Boa Vista, São Cristóvão, Rio De Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 20940-040, Brazil.
| | - Fábio Demolinari de Miranda
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Alto Universitário s.n., Guararema, Alegre, ES, CEP 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Wellington Ronildo Clarindo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Alto Universitário s.n., Guararema, Alegre, ES, CEP 29500-000, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Tavares Carrijo
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Genética e Melhoramento, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias, Alto Universitário s.n., Guararema, Alegre, ES, CEP 29500-000, Brazil
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Hmeljevski KV, Nazareno AG, Leandro Bueno M, dos Reis MS, Forzza RC. Do plant populations on distinct inselbergs talk to each other? A case study of genetic connectivity of a bromeliad species in an Ocbil landscape. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:4704-4716. [PMID: 28690800 PMCID: PMC5496560 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.3038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we explore the historical and contemporaneous patterns of connectivity among Encholirium horridum populations located on granitic inselbergs in an Ocbil landscape within the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, using both nuclear and chloroplast microsatellite markers. Beyond to assess the E. horridum population genetic structure, we built species distribution models across four periods (current conditions, mid-Holocene, Last Glacial Maximum [LGM], and Last Interglacial) and inferred putative dispersal corridors using a least-cost path analysis to elucidate biogeographic patterns. Overall, high and significant genetic divergence was estimated among populations for both nuclear and plastid DNA (ΦST(n) = 0.463 and ΦST(plastid) = 0.961, respectively, p < .001). For nuclear genome, almost total absence of genetic admixture among populations and very low migration rates were evident, corroborating with the very low estimates of immigration and emigration rates observed among E. horridum populations. Based on the cpDNA results, putative dispersal routes in Sugar Loaf Land across cycles of climatic fluctuations in the Quaternary period revealed that the populations' connectivity changed little during those events. Genetic analyses highlighted the low genetic connectivity and long-term persistence of populations, and the founder effect and genetic drift seemed to have been very important processes that shaped the current diversity and genetic structure observed in both genomes. The genetic singularity of each population clearly shows the need for in situ conservation of all of them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcelo Leandro Bueno
- Department of BotanyLaboratory of Ecology and Evolution of PlantsUniversity of ViçosaViçosaMGBrazil
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