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Messerschmid TFE, Abrahamczyk S, Bañares-Baudet Á, Brilhante MA, Eggli U, Hühn P, Kadereit JW, dos Santos P, de Vos JM, Kadereit G. Inter- and intra-island speciation and their morphological and ecological correlates in Aeonium (Crassulaceae), a species-rich Macaronesian radiation. ANNALS OF BOTANY 2023; 131:697-721. [PMID: 36821492 PMCID: PMC10147336 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcad033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The most species-rich and ecologically diverse plant radiation on the Canary Islands is the Aeonium alliance (Crassulaceae). In island radiations like this, speciation can take place either within islands or following dispersal between islands. Aiming at quantifying intra- and inter-island speciation events in the evolution of Aeonium, and exploring their consequences, we hypothesized that (1) intra-island diversification resulted in stronger ecological divergence of sister lineages, and that (2) taxa on islands with a longer history of habitation by Aeonium show stronger ecological differentiation and produce fewer natural hybrids. METHODS We studied the biogeographical and ecological setting of diversification processes in Aeonium with a fully sampled and dated phylogeny inferred using a ddRADseq approach. Ancestral areas and biogeographical events were reconstructed in BioGeoBEARS. Eleven morphological characters and three habitat characteristics were taken into account to quantify the morphological and ecological divergence between sister lineages. A co-occurrence matrix of all Aeonium taxa is presented to assess the spatial separation of taxa on each island. KEY RESULTS We found intra- and inter-island diversification events in almost equal numbers. In lineages that diversified within single islands, morphological and ecological divergence was more pronounced than in lineages derived from inter-island diversification, but only the difference in morphological divergence was significant. Those islands with the longest history of habitation by Aeonium had the lowest percentages of co-occurring and hybridizing taxon pairs compared with islands where Aeonium arrived later. CONCLUSIONS Our findings illustrate the importance of both inter- and intra-island speciation, the latter of which is potentially sympatric speciation. Speciation on the same island entailed significantly higher levels of morphological divergence compared with inter-island speciation, but ecological divergence was not significantly different. Longer periods of shared island habitation resulted in the evolution of a higher degree of spatial separation and stronger reproductive barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud F E Messerschmid
- Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, 80638 München, Germany
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern-Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80638 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Abrahamczyk
- Nees-Institut für Biodiversität der Pflanzen, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Abteilung Botanik, Staatliches Museum für Naturkunde Stuttgart, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ángel Bañares-Baudet
- Departamento de Botánica, Ecología y Fisiología Vegetal, Universidad de La Laguna, E-38200 La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
| | - Miguel A Brilhante
- Linking Landscape, Environment, Agriculture and Food (LEAF), Instituto Superior de Agronomia (ISA), Universidade de Lisboa, 1340-017 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Urs Eggli
- Sukkulenten-Sammlung Zürich/Grün Stadt Zürich, 8002 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Hühn
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Joachim W Kadereit
- Institut für Organismische und Molekulare Evolutionsbiologie, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrícia dos Santos
- Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) and Global Change and Sustainability Institute (CHANGE), Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Environmental Sciences – Botany, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jurriaan M de Vos
- Department of Environmental Sciences – Botany, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gudrun Kadereit
- Botanischer Garten München-Nymphenburg, Staatliche Naturwissenschaftliche Sammlungen Bayerns, 80638 München, Germany
- Prinzessin Therese von Bayern-Lehrstuhl für Systematik, Biodiversität & Evolution der Pflanzen, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80638 München, Germany
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Whelan NV, Strong EE, Gladstone NS, Mays JW. Using genomics, morphometrics, and environmental niche modeling to test the validity of a narrow-range endemic snail, Pateranantahala (Gastropoda, Polygyridae). Zookeys 2023; 1158:91-120. [PMID: 37234252 PMCID: PMC10208601 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1158.94152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial gastropods are among the most imperiled groups of organisms on Earth. Many species have a complex taxonomic history, often including poorly defined subspecies, most of which have not been the focus of modern systematics research. Genomic tools, geometric morphometrics, and environmental niche modeling were used to assess the taxonomic status of Pateraclarkiinantahala (Clench & Banks, 1932), a subspecies of high conservation concern with a restricted range of approximately 3.3 km2 in North Carolina, USA. A genome-scale dataset was generated that included individuals with morphologies matching P.c.nantahala, P.c.clarkii, and one individual with an intermediate form between P.c.nantahala and P.c.clarkii that was initially hypothesized as a potential hybrid. Mitochondrial phylogenetics, nuclear species tree inference, and phylogenetic networks were used to assess relationships and gene flow. Differences in shell shape via geometric morphometrics and whether the environmental niches of the two subspecies were significantly different were also examined. Molecular analyses indicated an absence of gene flow among lineages of P.clarkii sensu lato. Analyses rejected our hypothesis that the intermediate shelled form represented a hybrid, but instead indicated that it was a distinct lineage. Environmental niche models indicated significant differences in environmental niche between P.c.clarkii and P.c.nantahala, and geometric morphometrics indicated that P.c.nantahala had a significantly different shell shape. Given multiple lines of evidence, species-level recognition of P.nantahala is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan V. Whelan
- Southeast Conservation Genetics Lab, Warm Springs Fish Technology Center, US Fish and Wildlife Service, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USAAuburn UniversityAuburnUnited States of America
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USAWarm Springs Fish Technology Center, US Fish and Wildlife ServiceAuburnUnited States of America
| | - Ellen E. Strong
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, PO Box 37012, MRC 163, Washington, DC 20013, USANational Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian InstitutionWashingtonUnited States of America
| | - Nicholas S. Gladstone
- School of Fisheries, Aquaculture, and Aquatic Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn University, 203 Swingle Hall, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USAWarm Springs Fish Technology Center, US Fish and Wildlife ServiceAuburnUnited States of America
| | - Jason W. Mays
- Asheville Ecological Services Field Office, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 160 Zillicoa ST, Asheville, NC 28801, USAAsheville Ecological Services Field Office, United States Fish and Wildlife ServiceAshevilleUnited States of America
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Dimitriou AC, Antoniou A, Alexiou I, Poulakakis N, Parmakelis A, Sfenthourakis S. Diversification within an oceanic Mediterranean island: Insights from a terrestrial isopod. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 175:107585. [PMID: 35810970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Understanding intra-island patterns of evolutionary divergence, including cases of cryptic diversity, is a crucial step towards deciphering speciation processes. Cyprus is an oceanic island isolated for at least 5.3 Mya from surrounding continental regions, while it remains unclear whether it was ever connected to the mainland, even during the Messinian Salinity Crisis. The terrestrial isopod species Armadillo officinalis, that is widespread across the Mediterranean, offers the opportunity to explore intra-island divergence patterns that might exhibit geographical structure related also to the region's known paleogeography. Genome-wide ddRADseq, as well as Sanger sequencing for four mitochondrial and three nuclear loci data were generated for this purpose. In total, 71 populations from Cyprus, neighbouring continental sites, i.e., Israel, Lebanon and Turkey, and other Mediterranean regions, i.e. Greece, Italy, and Tunisia, were included in the analysis. Phylogenetic reconstructions and population structure analyses support the existence of at least six genetically discrete groups across the study area. Five of these distinct genetic clades occur on Cyprus, four of which are endemic to the island and one is widely distributed along the circum-Mediterranean countries. The sixth clade is distributed in Israel. The closest evolutionary relationship of endemic Cypriot populations is with those from Israel, while the evolutionary clade that is present in countries all around the Mediterranean is very shallow. Cladochronological analyses date the origin of the species on the island at ∼6 Mya. Estimated f4 and D statistics as well as FST values indicate the genetic isolation between the populations sampled from Cyprus and surrounding continental areas, while there is evident gene flow among populations within the island. Species delimitation and population genetic metrics support the existence of three distinct taxonomic units across the study area, two of which occur on the island and correspond to the endemic clade and the widespread circum-Mediterranean one, respectively, while the third corresponds to Israel's clade. The islands' paleogeographic history and recent human activities seem to have shaped current patterns of genetic diversity in this group of species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas C Dimitriou
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, University Campus, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
| | - Aglaia Antoniou
- Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology and Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research, Gournes Pediados, Irakleio, P.O. Box 2214, 71003 Crete, Greece
| | - Ioannis Alexiou
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikos Poulakakis
- Natural History Museum of Crete, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Knosos Avenue, Irakleio 71409, Greece; Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, Irakleio 70013, Greece
| | - Aristeidis Parmakelis
- Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Spyros Sfenthourakis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, University Campus, 2109 Aglantzia, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Hirano T, Saito T, Viktor von Oheimb P, C M von Oheimb K, Van Do T, Yamazaki D, Kameda Y, Chiba S. Patterns of diversification of the operculate land snail genus Cyclophorus (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) on the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2022; 169:107407. [PMID: 35031464 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The Ryukyu Islands, an island chain in southwestern Japan, originated from land masses that separated from the Eurasian continent due to the formation of sea barriers about 1.55 million years ago. In this study, we investigated the phylogenetic relationships of the operculate land snail genus Cyclophorus (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoridae) in the Ryukyu Archipelago and surrounding regions based on DNA sequence data. According to our results, all studied Cyclophorus specimens from Japan form a monophyletic group containing eight subclades. Six of these subclades were found only on the Ryukyu Islands. On most islands of the Ryukyu Archipelago, no more than one Cyclophorus subclade was recorded, which may be due to limited ecological niche space and competition. No subclade was found to occur on both sides of the Watase Line, a regional zoogeographical boundary. Divergence times were estimated based on a time-calibrated phylogeny. We found that multiple splits among the Japanese Cyclophorus subclades predate the emergence of major sea barriers in the Ryukyu Archipelago. Vicariance due to sea barrier formation, as assumed for many other taxa from the region, was thus likely not the main driver for subclade divergence in these snails. Instead, certain geographical features might have shaped the diversification of subclades prior to sea barrier formation. Given that Cyclophorus populations were also present on islands that have never been connected to other land masses, the snails must have colonized them via oversea dispersal. As not all nominal taxa corresponded to monophyletic groups, our molecular phylogenetic approach revealed that a taxonomic revision of the Japanese Cyclophorus fauna is necessary. The eight subclades may be regarded as potential species-level groups based on COI p-distances. A canonical discriminant analysis using shell morphological data revealed slight differences among the subclades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Hirano
- Centre of Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Takumi Saito
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, Funabashi, Chiba, Japan
| | - Parm Viktor von Oheimb
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina C M von Oheimb
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tu Van Do
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Environment, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam; Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Daishi Yamazaki
- Centre of Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kameda
- Center for Molecular Biodiversity Research, National Museum of Nature and Science, Tokyo, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Chiba
- Centre of Northeast Asian Studies, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan; Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
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Namba N, Nakayama T. Taxonomic study of a new green alga, Annulotesta cochlephila gen. et sp. nov. (Kornmanniaceae, Ulvales, Ulvophyceae), growing on the shells of door snails. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2021; 134:77-89. [PMID: 33387091 PMCID: PMC8938341 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01239-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Some algae are known to grow on shellfish shells. Most of these have been reported in aquatic environments. The species specificity for substrate shells varies, and some algae grow only on the shells of a certain species of shellfish, such as Pseudocladophora conchopheria (Cladophorales, Ulvophyceae) on Lunella coreensis (Trochida, Gastropoda). There are very few reports of algae that grow on land snails. In this study, we discovered green algae growing on the shells of six species of door snails (Clausiliidae) from nine localities in Japan. These green algae formed a green mat composed of thalli embedded in the extracellular matrix. The thallus was composed of aggregated oval cells and peripheral branched filaments. The cells possessed a single parietal chloroplast with a pyrenoid surrounded by two starch sheaths and transversed by a thylakoid. Oil droplets in the cell and ring-like structures on the cell wall surface were frequently observed. The 18S rDNA sequences of all shell-attached algae on different clausiliid species from different localities were almost identical and formed a new clade in the family Kornmanniaceae (Ulvales, Ulvophyceae). No other algae forming visible colonies on the clausiliid shell were found. These findings indicate the presence of specificity between the alga and clausiliid shells. Based on the results of morphological observation and molecular phylogenetic analysis, we propose a new genus and new species of shell-attached green alga, Annulotesta cochlephila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Namba
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Takeshi Nakayama
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8572, Japan.
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Gillespie RG, Bennett GM, De Meester L, Feder JL, Fleischer RC, Harmon LJ, Hendry AP, Knope ML, Mallet J, Martin C, Parent CE, Patton AH, Pfennig KS, Rubinoff D, Schluter D, Seehausen O, Shaw KL, Stacy E, Stervander M, Stroud JT, Wagner C, Wogan GOU. Comparing Adaptive Radiations Across Space, Time, and Taxa. J Hered 2020; 111:1-20. [PMID: 31958131 PMCID: PMC7931853 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Adaptive radiation plays a fundamental role in our understanding of the evolutionary process. However, the concept has provoked strong and differing opinions concerning its definition and nature among researchers studying a wide diversity of systems. Here, we take a broad view of what constitutes an adaptive radiation, and seek to find commonalities among disparate examples, ranging from plants to invertebrate and vertebrate animals, and remote islands to lakes and continents, to better understand processes shared across adaptive radiations. We surveyed many groups to evaluate factors considered important in a large variety of species radiations. In each of these studies, ecological opportunity of some form is identified as a prerequisite for adaptive radiation. However, evolvability, which can be enhanced by hybridization between distantly related species, may play a role in seeding entire radiations. Within radiations, the processes that lead to speciation depend largely on (1) whether the primary drivers of ecological shifts are (a) external to the membership of the radiation itself (mostly divergent or disruptive ecological selection) or (b) due to competition within the radiation membership (interactions among members) subsequent to reproductive isolation in similar environments, and (2) the extent and timing of admixture. These differences translate into different patterns of species accumulation and subsequent patterns of diversity across an adaptive radiation. Adaptive radiations occur in an extraordinary diversity of different ways, and continue to provide rich data for a better understanding of the diversification of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary G Gillespie
- University of California, Berkeley, Essig Museum of Entomology & Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA
| | - Gordon M Bennett
- University of California Merced, Life and Environmental Sciences Unit, Merced, CA
| | - Luc De Meester
- University of Leuven, Laboratory of Aquatic Ecology, Evolution and Conservation, Leuven, Belguim
| | - Jeffrey L Feder
- University of Notre Dame, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Robert C Fleischer
- Center for Conservation Genomics, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, National Zoological Park, Washington, DC
| | - Luke J Harmon
- University of Idaho, Dept. of Biological Sciences, Moscow, ID
| | | | | | | | - Christopher Martin
- University of California Berkeley, Integrative Biology and Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, Berkeley, CA
| | | | - Austin H Patton
- Washington State University, School of Biological Sciences, Pullman, WA
| | - Karin S Pfennig
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Biology, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Daniel Rubinoff
- University of Hawaiʻi at Manoa, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection Sciences, Honolulu, HI
| | | | - Ole Seehausen
- Institute of Ecology & Evolution, University of Bern, Bern, BE, Switzerland
- Center for Ecology, Evolution & Biogeochemistry, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, LU, Switzerland
| | - Kerry L Shaw
- Cornell University, Neurobiology and Behavior, Tower Road,, Ithaca, NY
| | - Elizabeth Stacy
- University of Nevada Las Vegas, School of Life Sciences, Las Vegas, NV
| | - Martin Stervander
- University of Oregon, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Eugene, OR
| | - James T Stroud
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Biology, Saint Louis, MO
| | | | - Guinevere O U Wogan
- University of California Berkeley, Environmental Science Policy, and Management, Berkeley, CA
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