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Czerny M, Grabenwöger M, Berger T, Aboyans V, Della Corte A, Chen EP, Desai ND, Dumfarth J, Elefteriades JA, Etz CD, Kim KM, Kreibich M, Lescan M, Di Marco L, Martens A, Mestres CA, Milojevic M, Nienaber CA, Piffaretti G, Preventza O, Quintana E, Rylski B, Schlett CL, Schoenhoff F, Trimarchi S, Tsagakis K, Siepe M, Estrera AL, Bavaria JE, Pacini D, Okita Y, Evangelista A, Harrington KB, Kachroo P, Hughes GC. EACTS/STS Guidelines for Diagnosing and Treating Acute and Chronic Syndromes of the Aortic Organ. Ann Thorac Surg 2024; 118:5-115. [PMID: 38416090 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2024.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Czerny
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Department University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Martin Grabenwöger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria; Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Tim Berger
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Department University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren-2 University Hospital, Limoges, France; EpiMaCT, Inserm 1094 & IRD 270, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Cardiac Surgery Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Edward P Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Nimesh D Desai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia Dumfarth
- University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Christian D Etz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karen M Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The University of Texas at Austin/Dell Medical School, Austin, Texas
| | - Maximilian Kreibich
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Department University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario Lescan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luca Di Marco
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Martens
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany; The Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carlos A Mestres
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Robert WM Frater Cardiovascular Research Centre, The University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Milan Milojevic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiovascular Research, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christoph A Nienaber
- Division of Cardiology at the Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Piffaretti
- Vascular Surgery Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria School of Medicine, Varese, Italy
| | - Ourania Preventza
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Eduard Quintana
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bartosz Rylski
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Department University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher L Schlett
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schoenhoff
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Santi Trimarchi
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Tsagakis
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Siepe
- EACTS Review Coordinator; Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anthony L Estrera
- STS Review Coordinator; Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, McGovern Medical School at UTHealth Houston, Houston, Texas
| | - Joseph E Bavaria
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Davide Pacini
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, S. Orsola University Hospital, IRCCS Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Yutaka Okita
- Cardio-Aortic Center, Takatsuki General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arturo Evangelista
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca, Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center on Cardiovascular Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain; Instituto del Corazón, Quirónsalud-Teknon, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Katherine B Harrington
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Baylor Scott and White The Heart Hospital, Plano, Texas
| | - Puja Kachroo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - G Chad Hughes
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
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Czerny M, Grabenwöger M, Berger T, Aboyans V, Della Corte A, Chen EP, Desai ND, Dumfarth J, Elefteriades JA, Etz CD, Kim KM, Kreibich M, Lescan M, Di Marco L, Martens A, Mestres CA, Milojevic M, Nienaber CA, Piffaretti G, Preventza O, Quintana E, Rylski B, Schlett CL, Schoenhoff F, Trimarchi S, Tsagakis K. EACTS/STS Guidelines for diagnosing and treating acute and chronic syndromes of the aortic organ. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezad426. [PMID: 38408364 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Czerny
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Department University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Grabenwöger
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Clinic Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
- Medical Faculty, Sigmund Freud Private University, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tim Berger
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Department University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren-2 University Hospital, Limoges, France
- EpiMaCT, Inserm 1094 & IRD 270, Limoges University, Limoges, France
| | - Alessandro Della Corte
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Edward P Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nimesh D Desai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Julia Dumfarth
- University Clinic for Cardiac Surgery, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - John A Elefteriades
- Aortic Institute at Yale New Haven Hospital, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Christian D Etz
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Medicine Rostock, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Karen M Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, The University of Texas at Austin/Dell Medical School, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Maximilian Kreibich
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Department University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mario Lescan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, University Medical Centre Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Luca Di Marco
- Cardiac Surgery Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andreas Martens
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Klinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- The Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Carlos A Mestres
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery and the Robert WM Frater Cardiovascular Research Centre, The University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa
| | - Milan Milojevic
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Cardiovascular Research, Dedinje Cardiovascular Institute, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Christoph A Nienaber
- Division of Cardiology at the Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Gabriele Piffaretti
- Vascular Surgery Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria School of Medicine, Varese, Italy
| | - Ourania Preventza
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Eduard Quintana
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bartosz Rylski
- Clinic for Cardiovascular Surgery, Department University Heart Center Freiburg Bad Krozingen, University Clinic Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christopher L Schlett
- Faculty of Medicine, Albert Ludwigs University Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schoenhoff
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, University Hospital Bern, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Santi Trimarchi
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Diseases, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Konstantinos Tsagakis
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Medicine Essen, Essen, Germany
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Lam K, Kamiya-Matsuoka C, Slopis JM, McCutcheon IE, Majd NK. Therapeutic Strategies for Gliomas Associated With Cancer Predisposition Syndromes. JCO Precis Oncol 2024; 8:e2300442. [PMID: 38394467 DOI: 10.1200/po.23.00442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article was to provide an overview of syndromic gliomas. DESIGN The authors conducted a nonsystematic literature review. RESULTS Cancer predisposition syndromes (CPSs) are genetic conditions that increase one's risk for certain types of cancer compared with the general population. Syndromes that can predispose one to developing gliomas include neurofibromatosis, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Lynch syndrome, and tuberous sclerosis complex. The standard treatment for sporadic glioma may involve resection, radiation therapy, and/or alkylating chemotherapy. However, DNA-damaging approaches, such as radiation and alkylating agents, may increase the risk of secondary malignancies and other complications in patients with CPSs. In some cases, depending on genetic aberrations, targeted therapies or immunotherapeutic approaches may be considered. Data on clinical characteristics, therapeutic strategies, and prognosis of syndromic gliomas remain limited. CONCLUSION In this review, we provide an overview of syndromic gliomas with a focus on management for patients with CPSs and the role of novel treatments that can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Lam
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX
| | | | - John M Slopis
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX
| | - Ian E McCutcheon
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX
| | - Nazanin K Majd
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer, Houston, TX
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Basten LM, Leyhr D, Murr D, Hauser T, Lüdin D, Romann M, Höner O, Fischer S, Gruber-Rouh T, Eichler K. Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Skeletal Bone Age Assessment in Healthy Male Children. Top Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 32:50-55. [PMID: 37619372 PMCID: PMC10549875 DOI: 10.1097/rmr.0000000000000306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal bone age assessment for medical reasons is usually performed by conventional x-ray with use of ionizing radiation. Few pilot studies have shown the possible use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). PURPOSE To comprehensively evaluate feasibility and value of MRI for skeletal bone age (SBA) assessment in healthy male children. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this prospective cross-sectional study, 63 male soccer athletes with mean age of 12.35 ± 1.1 years were examined. All participants underwent 3.0 Tesla MRI with coronal T1-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE), coronal proton density (PD)-weighted turbo spin echo (TSE), and T1-weighted three-dimensional (3D) volume interpolated breath-hold examination (VIBE) sequence. Subsequently, SBA was assessed by 3 independent blinded radiologists with different levels of experience using the common Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas and the Tanner-Whitehouse (TW2) method. RESULTS In a mean total acquisition time of 5:04 ± 0:47 min, MR image quality was sufficient in all cases. MRI appraisal was significantly faster ( P < 0.0001) by GP with mean duration of 1:22 ± 0:08 min vs. 7:39 ± 0:28 min by TW. SBA assessment by GP resulted in mean age of 12.8 ± 1.2 years, by TW 13.0 ± 1.4 years. Interrater reliabilities were excellent for both GP (ICC = 0.912 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.868-0.944) and TW (ICC = 0.988 (95% CI = 0.980-0.992) and showed statistical significance ( P < 0.001). Subdivided, for GP, ICCs were 0.822 (95% CI = 0.680-0.907) and 0.843 (95% CI = 0.713-0.919) in Under 12 and Under 14 group. For TW, ICCs were 0.978 (95% CI = 0.958-0.989) in Under 12 and 0.979 (95% CI = 0.961-0.989) in Under 14 group. CONCLUSION MRI is a clinically feasible, rapidly evaluable method to assess skeletal bone age of healthy male children. Using the Greulich-Pyle (GP) atlas or the Tanner-Whitehouse (TW2) method, reliable results are obtained independent of the radiologist's experience level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos M. Basten
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne Germany
| | - Daniel Leyhr
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
- Methods Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dennis Murr
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
- Methods Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Hauser
- DFB (Deutscher-Fußball-Bund)-Akademie, Germany
- Faculty of Sports Sciences and Personality, Business and Law School, BSP, Berlin, Germany; and
| | - Dennis Lüdin
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM), Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Michael Romann
- Swiss Federal Institute of Sport Magglingen (SFISM), Magglingen, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Höner
- Institute of Sports Science, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
- Methods Center, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fischer
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tatjana Gruber-Rouh
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katrin Eichler
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Ma Y, Guo L, Fang L, Hou D, Chen R, Wang X, Mao X, Zhao Z, Chen Y. Assessment of radiation doses and DNA damage in pediatric patients undergoing interventional procedures for vascular anomalies. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 889:503653. [PMID: 37491112 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2023.503653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Interventional procedures (IPs) have been widely used to treat vascular anomalies (VA) in recent years. However, patients are exposed to low-dose X-ray ionizing radiation (IR) during these fluoroscopy-guided IPs. We collected clinical information and IR doses during IPs and measured biomarkers including γ-H2AX, chromosome aberrations (CA), and micronuclei (MN), which underpin radiation-induced DNA damage, from 74 pediatric patients before and after IPs. For the 74 children, the range of dose-area product (DAP) values was from 1.2 to 1754.6 Gy∙cm2, with a median value of 27.1 Gy∙cm2. DAP values were significantly higher in children with lesions in the head and neck than in the limbs and trunk; the age and weight of children revealed a strong positive correlation with DAP values. The treated patients as a group demonstrated an increase in all three endpoints relative to baseline following IPs. Children with vascular tumors have a higher risk of dicentric chromosome + centric ring (dic+r) and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) after IPs than children with vascular malformations. The younger the patient, the greater the risk of CA after IPs. Moreover, rogue cells (RCs) were found in five children (approximately 10%) after IPs, and the rates of dic+r and CBMN were significantly higher than those of other children (Z = -3.576, p < 0.001). These results suggest that there may be some children with VA who are particularly sensitive to IR, but more data and more in-depth experiments will be needed to verify this in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Ma
- School of Preventive Medicine Sciences (Institute of Radiation Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Lei Guo
- Jinan Children's Hospital, No. 23976 Jingshi Road, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Lianying Fang
- School of Preventive Medicine Sciences (Institute of Radiation Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Dianjun Hou
- School of Preventive Medicine Sciences (Institute of Radiation Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Rui Chen
- School of Preventive Medicine Sciences (Institute of Radiation Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Xiaoshan Wang
- School of Preventive Medicine Sciences (Institute of Radiation Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Xuesong Mao
- School of Preventive Medicine Sciences (Institute of Radiation Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, PR China
| | - Zihan Zhao
- High School Attached to Shandong Normal University, No. 3 Shanshi North Street, Jinan 250014, PR China
| | - Yingmin Chen
- School of Preventive Medicine Sciences (Institute of Radiation Medicine), Shandong First Medical University (Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), No. 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, PR China.
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Chiu CH, Yeh SHH, Chen MR, Peng NJ, Huang WS. Radiation issue in clinical nuclear molecular imaging. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:624-626. [PMID: 37191943 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation is ubiquitous in nature, and radiation is also widely used in various fields of medicine, agriculture, and industry. Current biological doses below 100 mSv are called low-dose radiation (LDR). Scientists have no consensus of effects on humans below this dose, so a variety of dose-response curve theories have been derived. This approach makes the public believe that even a small dose of radiation has adverse side effects, and overreact to refuse the related medical procedures for fear of radiation. The linear non-threshold (LNT) model has been used in radiation protection for over 40 years however, adverse effects from low dose, low-dose rate (LDDR) exposures are not detectable. Nuclear molecular imaging is LDR, using different radionuclides or combining with specific ligands (carries) to form "radiopharmaceuticals" for functional or pathological evaluations of diseases. As an integral part of patient care, nuclear medicine is used in the diagnosis, management, treatment, follow-up, and prevention of diseases. Therefore, this paper discusses literature review and provides appropriate scientific data and communication to help the peers and the public understand its advantage and disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang-Hsin Chiu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | | | - Ming-Rong Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Nan-Jing Peng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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7
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Acceleration analysis of repetitive multi-MeV ion beams from pulsed plasmas. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 194:110706. [PMID: 36738596 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Multi-MeV ion spectra reproduced with absolute spectral index agrees with the experimental data and meet the needs to critically analyze the repetitive pulsed plasma mode of applications. The ion acceleration parameter, (Ip.rp), predicts mean ion energy and that is related to the electric discharge components based upon the precision measurements. Proper selection of repetition rate offers a relatively stable proton beam to acquire the survival curves of irradiated targets. DSB rate for plasma focus operated at 1Hz, is 10DSB/s with corresponding surviving probability of the order of 10-5. The surviving fraction is likely to be more affected by higher dose frequencies.
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8
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Bahrami Asl F, Islami-seginsara M, Ebrahimi Kalan M, Hemmatjo R, Hesam M, Shafiei-Irannejad V. Exposure to ionizing radiations and changes in blood cells and interleukin-6 in radiation workers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:35757-35768. [PMID: 36538225 PMCID: PMC9764314 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24652-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Long-term exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause dire health consequences even less than the dose limits. Previous biomonitoring studies have focused more on complete blood counts (CBCs), with non-coherent results. In this study, we aimed to investigate the association between exposure to IR and cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6) along with hematological parameters in Tabriz megacity's radiation workers. In this hospital-based study, blood samples were taken from 33 radiation workers (exposed group) and 34 non-radiation workers (control group) in 4 hospitals. Absorbed radiation dose was measured by a personal film badge dosimeter in radiation workers. The studied biomarkers and all of the selected covariates were measured and analyzed using adjusted multiple linear regression models. The exposed doses for all radiation workers were under the dose limits (overall mean = 1.18 mSv/year). However, there was a significant association between exposure to ionizing radiation and IL-6 (49.78 vs 36.17; t = 2.4; p = 0.02) and eosinophils (0.17 vs 0.14; t = 2.02; p = 0.049). The difference between the mean of the other biomarkers in radiation workers was not statistically significant compared to the control group. This study demonstrated that long-term exposure to ionizing radiation, even under the dose limits, is related to a significantly increased level of some blood biomarkers (Il-6 and eosinophil) that, in turn, can cause subsequent health effects such as cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farshad Bahrami Asl
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahdi Islami-seginsara
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan
- Department of Health Behavior, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC USA
| | - Rasoul Hemmatjo
- Department of Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mousa Hesam
- Radiation Health Unit, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Health Vice-Chancellor, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Vahid Shafiei-Irannejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Cellular and Molecular Medicine Institute, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
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9
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Tsai CJ, Chang KW, Yang BH, Wu PH, Lin KH, Wong CYO, Lee HL, Huang WS. Very-Low-Dose Radiation and Clinical Molecular Nuclear Medicine. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12060912. [PMID: 35743943 PMCID: PMC9225609 DOI: 10.3390/life12060912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Emerging molecular and precision medicine makes nuclear medicine a de facto choice of imaging, especially in the era of target-oriented medical care. Nuclear medicine is minimally invasive, four-dimensional (space and time or dynamic space), and functional imaging using radioactive biochemical tracers in evaluating human diseases on an anatomically configured image. Many radiopharmaceuticals are also used in therapies. However, there have been concerns over the emission of radiation from the radionuclides, resulting in wrongly neglecting the potential benefits against little or any risks at all of imaging to the patients. The sound concepts of radiation and radiation protection are critical for promoting the optimal use of radiopharmaceuticals to patients, and alleviating concerns from caregivers, nuclear medicine staff, medical colleagues, and the public alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Jung Tsai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Kang-Wei Chang
- Taipei Neuroscience Institute & Laboratory Animal Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Bang-Hung Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (B.-H.Y.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Ping-Hsiu Wu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Han Lin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (B.-H.Y.); (K.-H.L.)
| | - Ching Yee Oliver Wong
- Department of Radiology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA;
| | - Hsin-Lun Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-L.L.); (W.-S.H.); Tel.: +886-2-737-2181 (ext. 3396) (H.-L.L.); +886-2-2826-4400 (W.-S.H.)
| | - Wen-Sheng Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 112, Taiwan; (B.-H.Y.); (K.-H.L.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cheng-Hsin General Hospital, No. 45, Cheng-Hsin Street, Beitou District, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-L.L.); (W.-S.H.); Tel.: +886-2-737-2181 (ext. 3396) (H.-L.L.); +886-2-2826-4400 (W.-S.H.)
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Hurlbert M, Shasko L, Neetz MI. Addressing Risk Perceptions of Low-Dose Radiation Exposure. Dose Response 2022; 20:15593258221088428. [PMID: 35418815 PMCID: PMC8995549 DOI: 10.1177/15593258221088428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Concern over low-dose radiation (LDR) (exposure of less than 100 milligray (mGy))
is resulting in people refusing diagnostic procedures and medical treatment1 and also inhibiting revision of the linear no-threshold (LNT) assumption
that informs much of science policy. This article reviews representative surveys
in Ontario and Saskatchewan and focus groups conducted with science and policy
stakeholders in addressing how the public and policy stakeholders understand
issues of exposure to LDR and how policy issues can be addressed. Research results from focus groups demonstrated that policy stakeholders are
knowledgeable about issues surrounding the public and perceptions about LDR and
implications for policy consistent with LDR literature. Participants understood
that the challenge went beyond providing more education about LDR and issues of
emotions and biases must be addressed. This research resulted in rich
suggestions for public communication and engagement surrounding LDR and a
process for addressing the issue of the LNT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Larissa Shasko
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - MIchaela Neetz
- Johnson Shoyama Graduate School of Public Policy, Saskatoon, Canada
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11
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Talbi M, Mansouri ME, Nhila O, Tahiri Z, Eddaoui K, Khalis M. Local diagnostic reference levels (LDRLs) for full-field digital mammography (FFDM) and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) procedures in Morocco. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2022; 53:242-247. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Assessment of risks for breast cancer in a flight attendant exposed to night shift work and cosmic ionizing radiation: a case report. Ann Occup Environ Med 2022; 34:e5. [PMID: 35425619 PMCID: PMC9005884 DOI: 10.35371/aoem.2022.34.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some epidemiological studies have estimated exposure among flight attendants with and without breast cancer. However, it is difficult to find a quantitative evaluation of occupational exposure factors related to cancer development individually in the case of breast cancer in flight attendants. That is, most, if not all, epidemiological studies of breast cancer in flight attendants with quantitative exposure estimates have estimated exposure in the absence of individual flight history data. Case presentation A 41-year-old woman visited the hospital due to a left breast mass after a regular check-up. Breast cancer was suspected on ultrasonography. Following core biopsy, she underwent various imaging modalities. She was diagnosed invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (estrogen receptor positive in 90%, progesterone receptor positive in 3%, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2/neu equivocal) with histologic grade 3 and nuclear grade 3 in the left breast. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy was administered to reduce the tumor size before surgery. However, due to serious chemotherapy side effects, the patient opted for alternative and integrative therapies. She joined the airline in January, 1996. Out of all flights, international flights and night flights accounted for 94.9% and 26.2, respectively. Night flights were conducted at least four times per month. Moreover, based on the virtual computer program CARI-6M, the estimated dose of cosmic radiation exposure was 78.81 mSv. There were no other personal triggers or family history of breast cancer. Conclusions This case report shows that the potentially causal relationship between occupational harmful factors and the incidence of breast cancer may become more pronounced when night shift workers who work continuously are exposed to cosmic ionizing radiation. Therefore, close attention and efforts are needed to adjust night shift work schedules and regulate cosmic ionizing radiation exposure.
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Cortés-Sánchez JL, Callant J, Krüger M, Sahana J, Kraus A, Baselet B, Infanger M, Baatout S, Grimm D. Cancer Studies under Space Conditions: Finding Answers Abroad. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010025. [PMID: 35052703 PMCID: PMC8773191 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article, we discuss the current state of knowledge in cancer research under real and simulated microgravity conditions and point out further research directions in this field. Outer space is an extremely hostile environment for human life, with radiation, microgravity, and vacuum posing significant hazards. Although the risk for cancer in astronauts is not clear, microgravity plays a thought-provoking role in the carcinogenesis of normal and cancer cells, causing such effects as multicellular spheroid formation, cytoskeleton rearrangement, alteration of gene expression and protein synthesis, and apoptosis. Furthermore, deleterious effects of radiation on cells seem to be accentuated under microgravity. Ground-based facilities have been used to study microgravity effects in addition to laborious experiments during parabolic flights or on space stations. Some potential 'gravisensors' have already been detected, and further identification of these mechanisms of mechanosensitivity could open up ways for therapeutic influence on cancer growth and apoptosis. These novel findings may help to find new effective cancer treatments and to provide health protection for humans on future long-term spaceflights and exploration of outer space.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Cortés-Sánchez
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
| | - Jonas Callant
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (J.C.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Marcus Krüger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jayashree Sahana
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Armin Kraus
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Bjorn Baselet
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (J.C.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
| | - Manfred Infanger
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Sarah Baatout
- Radiobiology Unit, Institute for Environment, Health and Safety, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN), 2400 Mol, Belgium; (J.C.); (B.B.); (S.B.)
- Department Molecular Biotechnology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Daniela Grimm
- Department of Microgravity and Translational Regenerative Medicine, Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany; (J.L.C.-S.); (M.K.); (A.K.); (M.I.)
- Research Group ‘Magdeburger Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Forschung unter Raumfahrt-und Schwerelosigkeitsbedingungen’ (MARS), Otto von Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21379702
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Priya R, Das B. Global DNA methylation profile at LINE-1 repeats and promoter methylation of genes involved in DNA damage response and repair pathways in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in response to γ-radiation. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 477:267-281. [PMID: 34708334 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04265-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism, which plays an important role in gene regulation. The present study evaluated DNA methylation profile of LINE1 repeats and promoter methylation of DNA damage response (DDR) and DNA repair (DR) genes (PARP1, ATM, BRCA1, MLH1, XPC, RAD23B, APC, TNFα, DNMT3A, MRE11A, MGMT, CDKN2A, MTHFR) in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of healthy donors in response to γ-radiation. Methylation level was correlated with gene expression profile of selected DDR and DR genes (APC, MLH1, PARP1, MRE11A, TNFα, MGMT) to understand their role in gene regulation. Blood samples were collected from 15 random healthy donors, PBMCs were isolated, exposed to 0.1 Gy (low) and 2.0 Gy (high) doses of γ-radiation and proliferated for 48 h and 72 h. Genomic DNA and total RNA were isolated from irradiated PBMCs along with un-irradiated control. Methylation profile was determined from bisulphite converted DNA and amplified by methylation sensitive high resolution melting (MS-HRM) method. Total RNA was converted to cDNA and relative expression was analysed using real time quantitative-PCR. Our results revealed that at 0.1 Gy, MRE11A and TNFα showed significant (P < 0.05) increase in methylation at 72 h. At 2.0 Gy, significant increase (P < 0.05) in methylation profile was observed at LINE1, MRE11A, PARP1, BRCA1, DNMT3A and RAD23B at 48 h and 72 h. PARP1 showed significant positive correlation of methylation status with gene expression. In conclusion, low and high doses of γ-radiation have significant influence on DNA methylation status of LINE1, DDR and DR genes suggesting their potential role as epigenetic signatures in human PBMCs, which can be further explored in human populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Priya
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India
| | - Birajalaxmi Das
- Low Level Radiation Research Section, Radiation Biology and Health Sciences Division, Bio-Sciences Group, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 085, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Trombay, Mumbai, 400 094, India.
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15
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Vaiserman A, Cuttler JM, Socol Y. Low-dose ionizing radiation as a hormetin: experimental observations and therapeutic perspective for age-related disorders. Biogerontology 2021; 22:145-164. [PMID: 33420860 PMCID: PMC7794644 DOI: 10.1007/s10522-020-09908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Hormesis is any kind of biphasic dose-response when low doses of some agents are beneficial while higher doses are detrimental. Radiation hormesis is the most thoroughly investigated among all hormesis-like phenomena, in particular in biogerontology. In this review, we aimed to summarize research evidence supporting hormesis through exposure to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). Radiation-induced longevity hormesis has been repeatedly reported in invertebrate models such as C. elegans, Drosophila and flour beetles and in vertebrate models including guinea pigs, mice and rabbits. On the contrary, suppressing natural background radiation was repeatedly found to cause detrimental effects in protozoa, bacteria and flies. We also discussed here the possibility of clinical use of LDIR, predominantly for age-related disorders, e.g., Alzheimer's disease, for which no remedies are available. There is accumulating evidence that LDIR, such as those commonly used in X-ray imaging including computer tomography, might act as a hormetin. Of course, caution should be exercised when introducing new medical practices, and LDIR therapy is no exception. However, due to the low average residual life expectancy in old patients, the short-term benefits of such interventions (e.g., potential therapeutic effect against dementia) may outweigh their hypothetical delayed risks (e.g., cancer). We argue here that assessment and clinical trials of LDIR treatments should be given priority bearing in mind the enormous economic, social and ethical implications of potentially-treatable, age-related disorders.
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16
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Dornberger JE, Rademacher G, Stengel D, Hönning A, Dipl-Phys GS, Eisenschenk A, Mutze S, Goelz L. What Is the Diagnostic Accuracy of Flat-panel Cone-beam CT Arthrography for Diagnosis of Scapholunate Ligament Tears? Clin Orthop Relat Res 2021; 479:151-160. [PMID: 32701771 PMCID: PMC7899599 DOI: 10.1097/corr.0000000000001425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cone beam CT (CBCT) is a widely available technique with possible indications in carpal ligament injuries. The accuracy of CBCT arthrography in diagnosing traumatic tears of the scapholunate ligament has not been reported. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES (1) What is the diagnostic accuracy of CBCT and how does it relate to the accuracy of multislice CT arthrography and conventional arthrography in diagnosing scapholunate ligament tears? (2) What is the estimated magnitude of skin radiation doses of each method? METHODS This secondary analysis of a previous prospective study included 71 men and women with suspected scapholunate ligament tears and indications for arthroscopy. Preoperative imaging was conventional arthrography and either MSCT arthrography for the first half of patients to be included (n = 36) or flat-panel CBCT arthrography for the remaining patients (n = 35). Index tests identified therapy-relevant SLL tears with dorsal or complete SLL ruptures, and these tears were compared with relevant SLL tears which were determined through arthroscopy as Geissler Stadium III and IV by probing the instable SL joint with a microhook or arthroscope. These injuries were treated by open ligament repair and Kirschner wire fixation. Accuracy values and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Additional estimates of the radiation skin doses of each CBCT exam and two MSCT protocols were subsequently calculated using dose area products, dose length products, and CT dose indices. RESULTS The diagnostic accuracy was high for all imaging methods. 95% CIs were broadly overlapping and therefore did not indicate differences between the diagnostic groups: Sensitivity of CBCT arthrography was 100% (95% CI 77 to 100), specificity was 95% (95% CI 76 to 99.9), positive predictive value was 93% (95% CI 68 to 99.8), and negative predictive value was 100% (95% CI 83 to 100). For MSCT arthrography, the sensitivity was 92% (95% CI 64 to 99.8), specificity was 96% (95% CI 78 to 99.9), positive predictive value was 92% (95% CI 64 to 99.8), and negative predictive value was 96% (95% CI 78 to 99.9). For conventional arthrography, the sensitivity was comparably high: 96% (95% CI 81 to 99.9). Specificity was (81% [95% CI 67 to 92]); the positive predictive value was 77% (95% CI 59 to 89) and negative predictive value was 97% (95% CI 86 to 99.9). Estimated mean (range) radiation skin doses were reported in a descriptive fashion and were 12.9 mSv (4.5 to 24.9) for conventional arthrography, and 3.2 mSv (2.0 to 4.8) for CBCT arthrography. Estimated radiation skin doses were 0.2 mSv and 12 mSv for MSCT arthrography, depending on the protocol. CONCLUSION Flat-panel CBCT arthrography can be recommended as an accurate technique to diagnose scapholunate ligament injuries after wrist trauma. Estimated skin doses are low for CBCT arthrography and adapted MSCT arthrography protocols. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III, diagnostic study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny E Dornberger
- J. E. Dornberger, Burn Centre with Plastic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- J. E. Dornberger, A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- G. Rademacher, G. Schüler, S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, BG Kliniken-Klinikverbund der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, A. Hönning, Center for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Grit Rademacher
- J. E. Dornberger, Burn Centre with Plastic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- J. E. Dornberger, A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- G. Rademacher, G. Schüler, S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, BG Kliniken-Klinikverbund der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, A. Hönning, Center for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Dirk Stengel
- J. E. Dornberger, Burn Centre with Plastic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- J. E. Dornberger, A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- G. Rademacher, G. Schüler, S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, BG Kliniken-Klinikverbund der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, A. Hönning, Center for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Alexander Hönning
- J. E. Dornberger, Burn Centre with Plastic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- J. E. Dornberger, A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- G. Rademacher, G. Schüler, S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, BG Kliniken-Klinikverbund der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, A. Hönning, Center for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gabriele Schüler Dipl-Phys
- J. E. Dornberger, Burn Centre with Plastic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- J. E. Dornberger, A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- G. Rademacher, G. Schüler, S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, BG Kliniken-Klinikverbund der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, A. Hönning, Center for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Eisenschenk
- J. E. Dornberger, Burn Centre with Plastic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- J. E. Dornberger, A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- G. Rademacher, G. Schüler, S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, BG Kliniken-Klinikverbund der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, A. Hönning, Center for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sven Mutze
- J. E. Dornberger, Burn Centre with Plastic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- J. E. Dornberger, A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- G. Rademacher, G. Schüler, S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, BG Kliniken-Klinikverbund der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, A. Hönning, Center for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Leonie Goelz
- J. E. Dornberger, Burn Centre with Plastic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- J. E. Dornberger, A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand, Replantation and Microsurgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- G. Rademacher, G. Schüler, S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, BG Kliniken-Klinikverbund der Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung gGmbH, Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, A. Hönning, Center for Clinical Research, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Germany
- D. Stengel, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, BG Klinikum Unfallkrankenhaus Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- A. Eisenschenk, Department of Hand Surgery and Microsurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- S. Mutze, L. Goelz, Institute for Diagnostic Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Visweswaran S, Joseph S, Dhanasekaran J, Paneerselvam S, Annalakshmi O, Jose MT, Perumal V. Exposure of patients to low doses of X-radiation during neuro-interventional imaging and procedures: Dose estimation and analysis of γ-H2AX foci and gene expression in blood lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2020; 856-857:503237. [PMID: 32928370 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2020.503237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Radiation has widespread applications in medicine. However, despite the benefits of medical radiation exposures, adverse long-term health effects are cause for concern. Protein and gene biomarkers are early indicators of cellular response after low-dose exposure. We examined DNA damage by quantifying γ-H2AX foci and expression of twelve candidate genes in the blood lymphocytes of patients exposed to low doses of X-radiation during neuro-interventional procedures. Entrance surface dose (ESD; 10.92-1062.55 mGy) was measured by thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD). Absorbed dose was estimated using γ-H2AX focus frequency and gene expression, with in vitro dose-response curves generated for the same biomarkers. γ-H2AX foci in post-exposure samples were significantly higher than in pre-exposure samples. Among the genes analysed, FDXR, ATM, BCL2, MDM2, TNFSF9, and PCNA showed increased expression; CDKN1A, DDB2, SESN1, BAX, and TNFRSF10B showed unchanged or decreased expression. Absorbed dose, estimated based on γ-H2AX focus frequency and gene expression changes, did not show any correlation with measured ESD. Patients undergoing interventional procedures receive considerable radiation doses, resulting in DNA damage and altered gene expression. Medical procedures should be carried out using the lowest radiation doses possible without compromising treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangamithra Visweswaran
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Santhosh Joseph
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - Jagadeesan Dhanasekaran
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - S Paneerselvam
- Department of Neuro-Radiology, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India
| | - O Annalakshmi
- Radiation Safety Division Unit, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M T Jose
- Radiation Safety Division Unit, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research (IGCAR), Kalpakkam, 603102, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Venkatachalam Perumal
- Department of Human Genetics, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (Deemed to be University), Porur, Chennai, 600116, India.
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18
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Helm JS, Rudel RA. Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast. Arch Toxicol 2020. [PMID: 32399610 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-response relationship. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to outline and evaluate the evidence linking ionizing radiation with breast cancer from molecular initiating events to the adverse outcome through intermediate key events, creating a qualitative AOP. We identified key events based on review articles, searched PubMed for recent literature on key events and IR, and identified additional papers using references. We manually curated publications and evaluated data quality. Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly causes DNA damage and increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS lead to DNA damage and epigenetic changes leading to mutations and genomic instability (GI). Proliferation amplifies the effects of DNA damage and mutations leading to the AO of breast cancer. Separately, RONS and DNA damage also increase inflammation. Inflammation contributes to direct and indirect effects (effects in cells not directly reached by IR) via positive feedback to RONS and DNA damage, and separately increases proliferation and breast cancer through pro-carcinogenic effects on cells and tissue. For example, gene expression changes alter inflammatory mediators, resulting in improved survival and growth of cancer cells and a more hospitable tissue environment. All of these events overlap at multiple points with events characteristic of "background" induction of breast carcinogenesis, including hormone-responsive proliferation, oxidative activity, and DNA damage. These overlaps make the breast particularly susceptible to ionizing radiation and reinforce that these biological activities are important characteristics of carcinogens. Agents that increase these biological processes should be considered potential breast carcinogens, and predictive methods are needed to identify chemicals that increase these processes. Techniques are available to measure RONS, DNA damage and mutation, cell proliferation, and some inflammatory proteins or processes. Improved assays are needed to measure GI and chronic inflammation, as well as the interaction with hormonally driven development and proliferation. Several methods measure diverse epigenetic changes, but it is not clear which changes are relevant to breast cancer. In addition, most toxicological assays are not conducted in mammary tissue, and so it is a priority to evaluate if results from other tissues are generalizable to breast, or to conduct assays in breast tissue. Developing and applying these assays to identify exposures of concern will facilitate efforts to reduce subsequent breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Helm
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA.
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19
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Helm JS, Rudel RA. Adverse outcome pathways for ionizing radiation and breast cancer involve direct and indirect DNA damage, oxidative stress, inflammation, genomic instability, and interaction with hormonal regulation of the breast. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:1511-1549. [PMID: 32399610 PMCID: PMC7261741 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02752-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge about established breast carcinogens can support improved and modernized toxicological testing methods by identifying key mechanistic events. Ionizing radiation (IR) increases the risk of breast cancer, especially for women and for exposure at younger ages, and evidence overall supports a linear dose-response relationship. We used the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) framework to outline and evaluate the evidence linking ionizing radiation with breast cancer from molecular initiating events to the adverse outcome through intermediate key events, creating a qualitative AOP. We identified key events based on review articles, searched PubMed for recent literature on key events and IR, and identified additional papers using references. We manually curated publications and evaluated data quality. Ionizing radiation directly and indirectly causes DNA damage and increases production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). RONS lead to DNA damage and epigenetic changes leading to mutations and genomic instability (GI). Proliferation amplifies the effects of DNA damage and mutations leading to the AO of breast cancer. Separately, RONS and DNA damage also increase inflammation. Inflammation contributes to direct and indirect effects (effects in cells not directly reached by IR) via positive feedback to RONS and DNA damage, and separately increases proliferation and breast cancer through pro-carcinogenic effects on cells and tissue. For example, gene expression changes alter inflammatory mediators, resulting in improved survival and growth of cancer cells and a more hospitable tissue environment. All of these events overlap at multiple points with events characteristic of "background" induction of breast carcinogenesis, including hormone-responsive proliferation, oxidative activity, and DNA damage. These overlaps make the breast particularly susceptible to ionizing radiation and reinforce that these biological activities are important characteristics of carcinogens. Agents that increase these biological processes should be considered potential breast carcinogens, and predictive methods are needed to identify chemicals that increase these processes. Techniques are available to measure RONS, DNA damage and mutation, cell proliferation, and some inflammatory proteins or processes. Improved assays are needed to measure GI and chronic inflammation, as well as the interaction with hormonally driven development and proliferation. Several methods measure diverse epigenetic changes, but it is not clear which changes are relevant to breast cancer. In addition, most toxicological assays are not conducted in mammary tissue, and so it is a priority to evaluate if results from other tissues are generalizable to breast, or to conduct assays in breast tissue. Developing and applying these assays to identify exposures of concern will facilitate efforts to reduce subsequent breast cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica S Helm
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA
| | - Ruthann A Rudel
- Silent Spring Institute, 320 Nevada Street, Suite 302, Newton, MA, 02460, USA.
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20
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Ferrari SM, Centanni M, Virili C, Miccoli M, Ferrari P, Ruffilli I, Ragusa F, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Sunitinib in the Treatment of Thyroid Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:963-972. [PMID: 28990511 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006165942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sunitinib (SU11248) is an oral multi-target tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with low molecular weight, that inhibits platelet-derived growth factor receptors (PDGF-Rs) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFRs), c-KIT, fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and RET. The concurrent inhibition of these pathways reduces tumor vascularization and causes cancer cell apoptosis, inducing a tumor shrinkage. Sunitinib is approved for the treatment of imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST), renal carcinoma, and pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. METHODS We searched the literature on PubMed library. RESULTS In vitro studies showed that sunitinib targeted the cytosolic MEK/ERK and SAPK/JNK pathways in the RET/PTC1 cell inhibiting cell proliferation and causing stimulation of sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) gene expression in RET/PTC1 cells. Furthermore sunitinib is active in vitro and in vivo against anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) cells. Most of the clinical studies report that sunitinib is effective as first- and second-line TKI therapy in patients with advanced dedifferentiated thyroid cancer (DeTC), or medullary thyroid cancer (MTC). Sunitinib 37.5 mg/day is well tolerated, and effective. The most common adverse events include: reduction in blood cell counts (in particular leukocytes), hand-foot skin reaction, diarrhea, fatigue, nausea, hypertension, and musculoskeletal pain. CONCLUSION Even if sunitinib is promising in the therapy of differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC), until now no phase III studies have been published, and additional prospective researches are necessary in order to evaluate the real efficacy of sunitinib in aggressive thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Centanni
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Camilla Virili
- Department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Latina, Italy
| | - Mario Miccoli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Paola Ferrari
- Department of Oncology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ilaria Ruffilli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Ragusa
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, I-56126, Pisa, Italy
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21
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Sakata D, Lampe N, Karamitros M, Kyriakou I, Belov O, Bernal MA, Bolst D, Bordage MC, Breton V, Brown JM, Francis Z, Ivanchenko V, Meylan S, Murakami K, Okada S, Petrovic I, Ristic-Fira A, Santin G, Sarramia D, Sasaki T, Shin WG, Tang N, Tran HN, Villagrasa C, Emfietzoglou D, Nieminen P, Guatelli S, Incerti S. Evaluation of early radiation DNA damage in a fractal cell nucleus model using Geant4-DNA. Phys Med 2019; 62:152-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2019.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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22
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Ippolito D, De Vito A, Franzesi CT, Riva L, Pecorelli A, Corso R, Crespi A, Sironi S. Evaluation of image quality and radiation dose saving comparing knowledge model-based iterative reconstruction on 80-kV CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) with hybrid iterative reconstruction on 100-kV CT. Emerg Radiol 2019; 26:145-153. [PMID: 30415416 DOI: 10.1007/s10140-018-1653-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate dose reduction and image quality of 80-kV CT pulmonary angiography (CTPA) reconstructed with knowledge model-based iterative reconstruction (IMR), and compared with 100-kV CTPA with hybrid iterative reconstruction (iDose4). MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred and fifty-one patients were prospectively investigated for pulmonary embolism; a study group of 76 patients underwent low-kV setting (80 kV, automated mAs) CTPA study, while a control group of 75 patients underwent standard CTPA protocol (100 kV; automated mAs); all patients were examined on 256 MDCT scanner (Philips iCTelite). Study group images were reconstructed using IMR while the control group ones with iDose4. CTDIvol, DLP, and ED were evaluated. Region of interests placed in the main pulmonary vessels evaluated vascular enhancement (HU); signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were calculated. RESULTS Compared to iDose4-CTPA, low-kV IMR-CTPA presented lower CTDIvol (6.41 ± 0.84 vs 9.68 ± 3.5 mGy) and DLP (248.24 ± 3.2 vs 352.4 ± 3.59 mGy × cm), with ED of 3.48 ± 1.2 vs 4.93 ± 1.8 mSv. Moreover, IMR-CTPA showed higher values of attenuation (670.91 ± 9.09 HU vs 292.61 ± 15.5 HU) and a significantly higher SNR (p < 0.0001) and CNR (p < 0.0001).The subjective image quality of low-kV IMR-CTPA was also higher compared with iDose4-CTPA (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Low-dose CTPA (80 kV and automated mAs modulation) reconstructed with IMR represents a feasible protocol for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in the emergency setting, achieving high image quality with low noise, and a significant dose reduction within adequate reconstruction times(≤ 120 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ippolito
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy.
| | - Andrea De Vito
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Cammillo Talei Franzesi
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Luca Riva
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, MI, Italy
| | - Anna Pecorelli
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Rocco Corso
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Via Pergolesi 33, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Andrea Crespi
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, MI, Italy
- Department of Medical Physics, "San Gerardo" Hospital, Monza, MB, Italy
| | - Sandro Sironi
- School of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Cadore 48, 20900, Monza, MB, Italy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, H Papa Giovanni XIII, Piazza OMS 1, 24127, Bergamo, BG, Italy
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23
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Mothersill C, Seymour C. Targets, pools, shoulders, and communication – a reflection on the evolution of low-dose radiobiology. Int J Radiat Biol 2019; 95:851-860. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2019.1589016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin Seymour
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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24
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Syaifudin M, Defiyandra VP, Nurhayati S, Purnami S, Pudjadi E. Micronucleus Assay-based Evaluation of Radiosensitivity of Lymphocytes among Inhabitants Living in High Background Radiation Area of Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Genome Integr 2019; 9:2. [PMID: 30820313 PMCID: PMC6388569 DOI: 10.4103/genint.genint_2_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Naturally occurring radiation can be found all around us and account for most of the radiation received by human beings each year. Indonesia has a region with high-dose natural radiation located in the suburb of West Sulawesi province with a dose rate up to 2800 nSv/h; however, its impact was not fully understood. The aim of this study was to evaluate the radiosensitivity of 12 peripheral blood lymphocytes of inhabitant from high background radiation area (HBRA) and 10 from normal background radiation area (NBRA) based on cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay after challenged with 1.5 Gy of gamma ray. The analysis of CBMN was done according to standard procedure as per IAEA guidelines, and frequency of binucleate (mitotic) cells with micronuclei (MN) was scored in around 2000 binucleate lymphocytes cells per culture in microscopic analysis. Mean MN frequency for HBRA was lower than that of NBRA (0.121 vs. 0.189) after irradiation, indicating an adaptive response in HBRA group that resulted in less radiosensitivity; however, there was no statistically significant different (P > 0.05) between these two groups. The MN number was higher in women compared to men for both HBRA (0.15 vs. 0.09) and NBRA (0.216 vs. 0.147) groups. Besides, there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) in Nuclear Division Index (NDI), as measured in 500 metaphase cells with published formula, between HBRA and NBRA samples (1.24 vs. 1.21). The lower MN frequency prompts us to conclude that there is an adaptive response in the lymphocytes of inhabitants as an indicator of lower radiosensitivity to the high natural radiation exposure. Further studies using large number of samples are required to obtain more comprehensive conclusion along with the assessment of other types of radiosensitivity-related biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukh Syaifudin
- Nuclear Medicine Technique and Radiation Biology Division, Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Cilandak, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Vira Putri Defiyandra
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, Al-Azhar Indonesia University, Kebayoran Baru, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Siti Nurhayati
- Nuclear Medicine Technique and Radiation Biology Division, Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Cilandak, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Sofiati Purnami
- Nuclear Medicine Technique and Radiation Biology Division, Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology, National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Cilandak, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Eko Pudjadi
- Radioecology Division, Center for Technology of Radiation Safety and Metrology (PTKMR), National Nuclear Energy Agency (BATAN), Cilandak, Jakarta, Indonesia
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25
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Wanhainen A, Verzini F, Van Herzeele I, Allaire E, Bown M, Cohnert T, Dick F, van Herwaarden J, Karkos C, Koelemay M, Kölbel T, Loftus I, Mani K, Melissano G, Powell J, Szeberin Z, ESVS Guidelines Committee, de Borst GJ, Chakfe N, Debus S, Hinchliffe R, Kakkos S, Koncar I, Kolh P, Lindholt JS, de Vega M, Vermassen F, Document reviewers, Björck M, Cheng S, Dalman R, Davidovic L, Donas K, Earnshaw J, Eckstein HH, Golledge J, Haulon S, Mastracci T, Naylor R, Ricco JB, Verhagen H. Editor's Choice – European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) 2019 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the Management of Abdominal Aorto-iliac Artery Aneurysms. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2019; 57:8-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2018.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 873] [Impact Index Per Article: 174.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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26
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Li X, Cui W, Hull L, Smith JT, Kiang JG, Xiao M. Effects of Low-to-Moderate Doses of Gamma Radiation on Mouse Hematopoietic System. Radiat Res 2018; 190:612-622. [PMID: 30311842 DOI: 10.1667/rr15087.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the effects of low-to-moderate doses of radiation in mice, given our limited understanding of the health risks associated with these exposures. Here, we demonstrate the different responses of the CD2F1 mouse hematopoietic system to low-to-moderate (0.5, 1, 3 or 5 Gy) doses of gamma radiation. After 3 and 5 Gy of 60Co total-body irradiation (TBI), mouse blood cell counts were decreased and maintained below baseline up to 28-42 days. In contrast, after 0.5 Gy TBI, lymphocyte and monocyte counts increased, and peaked from day 3 to day 14. Radiation doses at 0.5 and 1 Gy did not cause cell death or T-cell subpopulation changes in spleen and thymus, whereas the clonogenicity of mouse bone marrow (BM) progenitor cells was significantly suppressed on the first day after 0.5-5 Gy TBI, and these low levels were maintained up to 42 days. Although a transient recovery in total colony forming units (CFUs) was shown in mouse BM at days 14 and 21 after 0.5 Gy TBI, the early-stage multipotential progenitor colonies (CFU-GEMM) remained at a significantly low level compared to those of the sham-irradiated (0 Gy) controls. Consistently, the level of stem cell factor (SCF) in BM cells was decreased after low-to-moderate TBI. Serum from individual mice was collected after irradiation and 23 cytokines/chemokines were measured; massive releases of cytokines and chemokines were observed at day 3 postirradiation in a dose-dependent manner. When human hematopoietic CD34+ cells were cultured with the serum collected from mice irradiated at different doses, a significant decrease of CFU-GEMM colonies in the CD34+ cells was observed. Our data suggest that low-to-moderate doses of radiation induced cellular responses that are cell type-dependent. The early stage multipotential progenitor cells in mouse BM were the most sensitive cells even to low-dose irradiation compared to spleen and thymic cells, and 0.5 Gy TBI induced hematopoietic cell injury from day 1 to the end of our experiment, day 42 postirradiation. Radiation-induced decrease of SCF in mouse BM and increase in circulating pro-inflammatory factors may be responsible for the enhanced sensitivity of hematopoietic progenitor cells to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiangHong Li
- a Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Wanchang Cui
- a Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lisa Hull
- a Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Joan T Smith
- b Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Juliann G Kiang
- b Radiation Combined Injury Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Mang Xiao
- a Radiation Countermeasures Program, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland
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27
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Akar B, Pushpavanam K, Narayanan E, Rege K, Heys JJ. Mechanistic investigation of radiolysis-induced gold nanoparticle formation for radiation dose prediction. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2018. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/aac280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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28
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Ojha J, Dyagil I, Finch SC, Reiss RF, de Smith AJ, Gonseth S, Zhou M, Hansen HM, Sherborne AL, Nakamura J, Bracci PM, Gudzenko N, Hatch M, Babkina N, Little MP, Chumak VV, Walsh KM, Bazyka D, Wiemels JL, Zablotska LB. Genomic characterization of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) in radiation-exposed Chornobyl cleanup workers. Environ Health 2018; 17:43. [PMID: 29720177 PMCID: PMC5930419 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-018-0387-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) was the predominant leukemia in a recent study of Chornobyl cleanup workers from Ukraine exposed to radiation (UR-CLL). Radiation risks of CLL significantly increased with increasing bone marrow radiation doses. Current analysis aimed to clarify whether the increased risks were due to radiation or to genetic mutations in the Ukrainian population. METHODS A detailed characterization of the genomic landscape was performed in a unique sample of 16 UR-CLL patients and age- and sex-matched unexposed general population Ukrainian-CLL (UN-CLL) and Western-CLL (W-CLL) patients (n = 28 and 100, respectively). RESULTS Mutations in telomere-maintenance pathway genes POT1 and ATM were more frequent in UR-CLL compared to UN-CLL and W-CLL (both p < 0.05). No significant enrichment in copy-number abnormalities at del13q14, del11q, del17p or trisomy12 was identified in UR-CLL compared to other groups. Type of work performed in the Chornobyl zone, age at exposure and at diagnosis, calendar time, and Rai stage were significant predictors of total genetic lesions (all p < 0.05). Tumor telomere length was significantly longer in UR-CLL than in UN-CLL (p = 0.009) and was associated with the POT1 mutation and survival. CONCLUSIONS No significant enrichment in copy-number abnormalities at CLL-associated genes was identified in UR-CLL compared to other groups. The novel associations between radiation exposure, telomere maintenance and CLL prognosis identified in this unique case series provide suggestive, though limited data and merit further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhi Ojha
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Iryna Dyagil
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Stuart C. Finch
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ USA
| | - Robert F. Reiss
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Department of Medicine, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY USA
| | - Adam J. de Smith
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Semira Gonseth
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA USA
| | - Mi Zhou
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Helen M. Hansen
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Amy L. Sherborne
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Jean Nakamura
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Paige M. Bracci
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | | | - Maureen Hatch
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD USA
| | | | - Mark P. Little
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Vadim V. Chumak
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Kyle M. Walsh
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Dimitry Bazyka
- National Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Joseph L. Wiemels
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
| | - Lydia B. Zablotska
- School of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA USA
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29
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Abdelbary MH, Abdelkawi MM, Nasr MA. Age determination by MR imaging of the wrist in Egyptian male football players. How far is it reliable? THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrnm.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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30
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Versoza M, Jung W, Barabad ML, Lee Y, Choi K, Park D. Inactivation of filter bound aerosolized MS2 bacteriophages using a non-conductive ultrasound transducer. J Virol Methods 2018; 255:76-81. [PMID: 29474812 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The inactivation of viruses that retain their infectivity when transmitted through the air is challenging. To address this issue, this study used a non-contact ultrasound transducer (NCUT) to generate shock waves in the air at specific distances, input voltages, and exposure durations, targeting bacteriophage virus aerosols captured on to H14 HEPA filters. Initially, a frequency of 27.56 kHz (50V) at 25-mm distance was used, which yielded an inactivation efficiency of up to 32.69 ± 12.10%. Other frequencies at shorter distances were investigated, where 29.10 kHz had the highest inactivation efficiency (up to 81.95 ± 9.79% at 8.5-mm distance and 100 V). Longer exposure times also influenced virus inactivation, but the results were inconclusive because the NCUT overheated with time. Overall, NCUT appears to be a promising method for inactivating virus aerosols that may be safer than other forms of inactivation, which can cause genetic mutations or produce dangerous by-products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Versoza
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City, South Korea; Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City, South Korea
| | - Wonseok Jung
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City, South Korea; Mechanical Engineering Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Mona Loraine Barabad
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City, South Korea; Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City, South Korea
| | - Yongil Lee
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City, South Korea; Mechanical Engineering Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Kyomin Choi
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City, South Korea; Mechanical Engineering Department, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Duckshin Park
- Transportation Environmental Research Team, Korea Railroad Research Institute, Uiwang City, South Korea; Railway System Engineering, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon City, South Korea.
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31
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Ermakova AV, Velegzhaninov IO. Low-dose irradiation of human fibroblasts leads to delayed acceleration of proliferation of their progeny. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917050062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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32
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Mothersill C, Rusin A, Seymour C. Low doses and non-targeted effects in environmental radiation protection; where are we now and where should we go? ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 159:484-490. [PMID: 28863303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.08.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The field of low dose radiobiology has advanced considerably in the last 30 years from small indications in the 1980's that all was not simple, to a paradigm shift which occurred during the 1990's, which severely dented the dose-driven models and DNA centric theories which had dominated until then. However while the science has evolved, the application of that science in environmental health protection has not. A reason for this appears to be the uncertainties regarding the shape of the low dose response curve, which lead regulators to adopt a precautionary approach to radiation protection. Radiation protection models assume a linear relationship between dose (i.e. energy deposition) and effect (in this case probability of an adverse DNA interaction leading to a mutation). This model does not consider non-targeted effects (NTE) such as bystander effects or delayed effects, which occur in progeny cells or offspring not directly receiving energy deposition from the dose. There is huge controversy concerning the role of NTE with some saying they reflect "biology" and that repair and homeostatic mechanisms sort out the apparent damage while others consider them to be a class of damage which increases the size of the target. One thing which has recently become apparent is that NTE may be very critical for modelling long-term effects at the level of the population rather than the individual. The issue is that NTE resulting from an acute high dose such as occurred after the A-bomb or Chernobyl occur in parallel with chronic effects induced by the continuing residual effects due to radiation dose decay. This means that if ambient radiation doses are measured for example 25 years after the Chernobyl accident, they only represent a portion of the dose effect because the contribution of NTE is not included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmel Mothersill
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.
| | - Andrej Rusin
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Colin Seymour
- Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
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33
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Graupner A, Eide DM, Brede DA, Ellender M, Lindbo Hansen E, Oughton DH, Bouffler SD, Brunborg G, Olsen AK. Genotoxic effects of high dose rate X-ray and low dose rate gamma radiation in Apc Min/+ mice. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:560-569. [PMID: 28856770 PMCID: PMC5656900 DOI: 10.1002/em.22121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk estimates for radiation-induced cancer in humans are based on epidemiological data largely drawn from the Japanese atomic bomb survivor studies, which received an acute high dose rate (HDR) ionising radiation. Limited knowledge exists about the effects of chronic low dose rate (LDR) exposure, particularly with respect to the application of the dose and dose rate effectiveness factor. As part of a study to investigate the development of colon cancer following chronic LDR vs. acute HDR radiation, this study presents the results of genotoxic effects in blood of exposed mice. CBAB6 F1 Apc+/+ (wild type) and ApcMin/+ mice were chronically exposed to estimated whole body absorbed doses of 1.7 or 3.2 Gy 60 Co-γ-rays at a LDR (2.2 mGy h-1 ) or acutely exposed to 2.6 Gy HDR X-rays (1.3 Gy min-1 ). Genotoxic endpoints assessed in blood included chromosomal damage (flow cytometry based micronuclei (MN) assay), mutation analyses (Pig-a gene mutation assay), and levels of DNA lesions (Comet assay, single-strand breaks (ssb), alkali labile sites (als), oxidized DNA bases). Ionising radiation (ca. 3 Gy) induced genotoxic effects dependent on the dose rate. Chromosomal aberrations (MN assay) increased 3- and 10-fold after chronic LDR and acute HDR, respectively. Phenotypic mutation frequencies as well as DNA lesions (ssb/als) were modulated after acute HDR but not after chronic LDR. The ApcMin/+ genotype did not influence the outcome in any of the investigated endpoints. The results herein will add to the scant data available on genotoxic effects following chronic LDR of ionising radiation. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:560-569, 2017. © 2017 The Authors Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Environmental Mutagen Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Graupner
- Department of Molecular BiologyNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo0403Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD)Ås 1432Norway
| | - Dag M. Eide
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD)Ås 1432Norway
- Department of Toxicology and Risk AssessmentNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo0403Norway
| | - Dag A. Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD)Ås 1432Norway
- Department of Environmental SciencesNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅs 1432Norway
| | - Michele Ellender
- Radiation Effects DepartmentCentre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health EnglandChiltonDidcotOX11 0RQEngland
| | - Elisabeth Lindbo Hansen
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD)Ås 1432Norway
- Department of ResearchNorwegian Radiation Protection AuthorityØsterås1361Norway
| | - Deborah H. Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD)Ås 1432Norway
- Department of Environmental SciencesNorwegian University of Life SciencesÅs 1432Norway
| | - Simon D. Bouffler
- Radiation Effects DepartmentCentre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health EnglandChiltonDidcotOX11 0RQEngland
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Molecular BiologyNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo0403Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD)Ås 1432Norway
| | - Ann Karin Olsen
- Department of Molecular BiologyNorwegian Institute of Public HealthOslo0403Norway
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD)Ås 1432Norway
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Graupner A, Eide DM, Instanes C, Andersen JM, Brede DA, Dertinger SD, Lind OC, Brandt-Kjelsen A, Bjerke H, Salbu B, Oughton D, Brunborg G, Olsen AK. Gamma radiation at a human relevant low dose rate is genotoxic in mice. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32977. [PMID: 27596356 PMCID: PMC5011728 DOI: 10.1038/srep32977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Even today, 70 years after Hiroshima and accidents like in Chernobyl and Fukushima, we still have limited knowledge about the health effects of low dose rate (LDR) radiation. Despite their human relevance after occupational and accidental exposure, only few animal studies on the genotoxic effects of chronic LDR radiation have been performed. Selenium (Se) is involved in oxidative stress defence, protecting DNA and other biomolecules from reactive oxygen species (ROS). It is hypothesised that Se deficiency, as it occurs in several parts of the world, may aggravate harmful effects of ROS-inducing stressors such as ionising radiation. We performed a study in the newly established LDR-facility Figaro on the combined effects of Se deprivation and LDR γ exposure in DNA repair knockout mice (Ogg1−/−) and control animals (Ogg1+/−). Genotoxic effects were seen after continuous radiation (1.4 mGy/h) for 45 days. Chromosomal damage (micronucleus), phenotypic mutations (Pig-a gene mutation of RBCCD24−) and DNA lesions (single strand breaks/alkali labile sites) were significantly increased in blood cells of irradiated animals, covering three types of genotoxic activity. This study demonstrates that chronic LDR γ radiation is genotoxic in an exposure scenario realistic for humans, supporting the hypothesis that even LDR γ radiation may induce cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Graupner
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Dag M Eide
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Christine Instanes
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Jill M Andersen
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Dag A Brede
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway.,Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | | | - Ole C Lind
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway.,Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Anicke Brandt-Kjelsen
- Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Hans Bjerke
- Department of Monitoring and Research, Norwegian Radiation Protection Authority, Østerås 1332, Norway
| | - Brit Salbu
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway.,Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Deborah Oughton
- Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway.,Department of Environmental Sciences (IMV), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Gunnar Brunborg
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
| | - Ann K Olsen
- Department of Chemicals and Radiation, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo 0403, Norway.,Centre for Environmental Radioactivity (CoE CERAD), Ås 1432, Norway
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Yamashita S, Takamura N, Ohtsuru A, Suzuki S. Radiation Exposure and Thyroid Cancer Risk After the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant Accident in Comparison with the Chernobyl Accident. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2016; 171:41-46. [PMID: 27473699 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncw189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The actual implementation of the epidemiological study on human health risk from low dose and low-dose rate radiation exposure and the comprehensive long-term radiation health effects survey are important especially after radiological and nuclear accidents because of public fear and concern about the long-term health effects of low-dose radiation exposure have increased considerably. Since the Great East Japan earthquake and the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident in Japan, Fukushima Prefecture has started the Fukushima Health Management Survey Project for the purpose of long-term health care administration and medical early diagnosis/treatment for the prefectural residents. Especially on a basis of the lessons learned from the Chernobyl accident, both thyroid examination and mental health care are critically important irrespective of the level of radiation exposure. There are considerable differences between Chernobyl and Fukushima regarding radiation dose to the public, and it is very difficult to estimate retrospectively internal exposure dose from the short-lived radioactive iodines. Therefore, the necessity of thyroid ultrasound examination in Fukushima and the intermediate results of this survey targeting children will be reviewed and discussed in order to avoid any misunderstanding or misinterpretation of the high detection rate of childhood thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Yamashita
- Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan
| | - N Takamura
- Department of Global Health Medicine and Welfare, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan
| | - A Ohtsuru
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan Department of Radiation Health Management, Fukushima Medical University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan
| | - S Suzuki
- Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan Department of Thyroidology and Endocrinology, Fukushima Medical University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 8528523, Japan
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36
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Alvarez LE, Eastham SD, Barrett SRH. Radiation dose to the global flying population. JOURNAL OF RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RADIOLOGICAL PROTECTION 2016; 36:93-103. [PMID: 26769857 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/36/1/93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Civil airliner passengers and crew are exposed to elevated levels of radiation relative to being at sea level. Previous studies have assessed the radiation dose received in particular cases or for cohort studies. Here we present the first estimate of the total radiation dose received by the worldwide civilian flying population. We simulated flights globally from 2000 to 2013 using schedule data, applying a radiation propagation code to estimate the dose associated with each flight. Passengers flying in Europe and North America exceed the International Commission on Radiological Protection annual dose limits at an annual average of 510 or 420 flight hours per year, respectively. However, this falls to 160 or 120 h on specific routes under maximum exposure conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Alvarez
- Laboratory for Aviation and the Environment, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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DI NISIO CHIARA, SANCILIO SILVIA, DI GIACOMO VIVIANA, RAPINO MONICA, SANCILLO LAURA, GENOVESI DOMENICO, DI SIENA ALESSANDRO, RANA ROSAALBA, CATALDI AMELIA, DI PIETRO ROBERTA. Involvement of cyclic-nucleotide response element-binding family members in the radiation response of Ramos B lymphoma cells. Int J Oncol 2016; 48:28-36. [PMID: 26573110 PMCID: PMC4734613 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of Cyclic-nucleotide Response Element-Binding (CREB) family members and related nuclear transcription factors in the radiation response of human B lymphoma cell lines (Daudi and Ramos). Unlike the more radiosensitive Daudi cells, Ramos cells demonstrated only a moderate increase in early apoptosis after 3-5 Gy irradiation doses, which was detected with Annexin V/PI staining. Moreover, a significant and dose-dependent G2/M phase accumulation was observed in the same cell line at 24 h after both ionizing radiation (IR) doses. Western blot analysis showed an early increase in CREB protein expression that was still present at 3 h and more evident after 3 Gy IR in Ramos cells, along with the dose-dependent upregulation of p53 and NF-κB. These findings were consistent with real-time RT-PCR analysis that showed an early- and dose-dependent upregulation of NFKB1, IKBKB and XIAP gene expression. Unexpectedly, pre-treatment with SN50 did not increase cell death, but cell viability. Taken together, these findings let us hypothesise that the early induction and activation of NF-κB1 in Ramos cells could mediate necrotic cell death and be linked to other molecules belonging to CREB family and involved in the cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- CHIARA DI NISIO
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - SILVIA SANCILIO
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - MONICA RAPINO
- Molecular Genetics Institute CNR, I-27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - LAURA SANCILLO
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - DOMENICO GENOVESI
- Institute of Oncologic Radiotherapy, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - ROSA ALBA RANA
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - AMELIA CATALDI
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - ROBERTA DI PIETRO
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, G. d'Annunzio University, I-66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence to: Professor Roberta Di Pietro, Medicine and Ageing Sciences Department, G. d'Annunzio University, Via dei Vestini 31, I-66100 Chieti, Italy, E-mail:
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Petejova N, Martinek A. Renal cell carcinoma: Review of etiology, pathophysiology and risk factors. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 160:183-94. [PMID: 26558360 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2015.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The global incidence of renal cell cancer is increasing annually and the causes are multifactorial. Early diagnosis and successful urological procedures with partial or total nephrectomy can be life-saving. However, only up to 10% of RCC patients present with characteristic clinical symptoms. Over 60% are detected incidentally in routine ultrasound examination. The question of screening and preventive measures greatly depends on the cause of the tumor development. For the latter reason, this review focuses on etiology, pathophysiology and risk factors for renal neoplasm. METHODS A literature search using the databases Medscape, Pubmed, UpToDate and EBSCO from 1945 to 2015. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Genetic predisposition/hereditary disorders, obesity, smoking, various nephrotoxic industrial chemicals, drugs and natural/manmade radioactivity all contribute and enviromental risks are a serious concern in terms of prevention and the need to screen populations at risk. Apropos treatment, current oncological research is directed to blocking cancer cell division and inhibiting angiogenesis based on a knowledge of molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezda Petejova
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Arnost Martinek
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Ostrava, Czech Republic.,Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
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Ferrari SM, Politti U, Spisni R, Materazzi G, Baldini E, Ulisse S, Miccoli P, Antonelli A, Fallahi P. Sorafenib in the treatment of thyroid cancer. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2015; 15:863-74. [PMID: 26152651 DOI: 10.1586/14737140.2015.1064770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Sorafenib has been evaluated in several Phase II and III studies in patients with locally advanced/metastatic radioactive iodine-refractory differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs), reporting partial responses, stabilization of the disease and improvement of progression-free survival. Best responses were observed in lung metastases and minimal responses in bone lesions. On the basis of these studies, sorafenib was approved for the treatment of metastatic DTC in November 2013. Few studies suggested that reduction of thyroglobulin levels, or of average standardized uptake value at the fluorodeoxyglucose-PET, could be helpful for the identification of responding patients; but further studies are needed to confirm these results. Tumor genetic marker levels did not have any prognostic or predictive role in DTC patients.The most common adverse events observed included skin toxicity and gastrointestinal and constitutional symptoms. Encouraging results have also been observed in patients with medullary thyroid cancer. Many studies are ongoing to evaluate the long-term efficacy and tolerability of sorafenib in DTC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Martina Ferrari
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Via Savi, 10, 56126, Pisa, Italy
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Yamashita S, Takamura N. Post-crisis efforts towards recovery and resilience after the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2015; 45:700-7. [DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyv076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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Chronic diseases, medical history and familial cancer, and risk of leukemia and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma in an adult population: a case–control study. Cancer Causes Control 2015; 26:993-1002. [DOI: 10.1007/s10552-015-0592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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43
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Identification of genetic loci that control mammary tumor susceptibility through the host microenvironment. Sci Rep 2015; 5:8919. [PMID: 25747469 PMCID: PMC4352890 DOI: 10.1038/srep08919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The interplay between host genetics, tumor microenvironment and environmental exposure in cancer susceptibility remains poorly understood. Here we assessed the genetic control of stromal mediation of mammary tumor susceptibility to low dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) using backcrossed F1 into BALB/c (F1Bx) between cancer susceptible (BALB/c) and resistant (SPRET/EiJ) mouse strains. Tumor formation was evaluated after transplantation of non-irradiated Trp53-/- BALB/c mammary gland fragments into cleared fat pads of F1Bx hosts. Genome-wide linkage analysis revealed 2 genetic loci that constitute the baseline susceptibility via host microenvironment. However, once challenged with LDIR, we discovered 13 additional loci that were enriched for genes involved in cytokines, including TGFβ1 signaling. Surprisingly, LDIR-treated F1Bx cohort significantly reduced incidence of mammary tumors from Trp53-/- fragments as well as prolonged tumor latency, compared to sham-treated controls. We demonstrated further that plasma levels of specific cytokines were significantly correlated with tumor latency. Using an ex vivo 3-D assay, we confirmed TGFβ1 as a strong candidate for reduced mammary invasion in SPRET/EiJ, which could explain resistance of this strain to mammary cancer risk following LDIR. Our results open possible new avenues to understand mechanisms of genes operating via the stroma that affect cancer risk from external environmental exposures.
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45
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Ferrari SM, Fallahi P, Politti U, Materazzi G, Baldini E, Ulisse S, Miccoli P, Antonelli A. Molecular Targeted Therapies of Aggressive Thyroid Cancer. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:176. [PMID: 26635725 PMCID: PMC4653714 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinomas (DTCs) that arise from follicular cells account >90% of thyroid cancer (TC) [papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) 90%, follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) 10%], while medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) accounts <5%. Complete total thyroidectomy is the treatment of choice for PTC, FTC, and MTC. Radioiodine is routinely recommended in high-risk patients and considered in intermediate risk DTC patients. DTC cancer cells, during tumor progression, may lose the iodide uptake ability, becoming resistant to radioiodine, with a significant worsening of the prognosis. The lack of specific and effective drugs for aggressive and metastatic DTC and MTC leads to additional efforts toward the development of new drugs. Several genetic alterations in different molecular pathways in TC have been shown in the past few decades, associated with TC development and progression. Rearranged during transfection (RET)/PTC gene rearrangements, RET mutations, BRAF mutations, RAS mutations, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 angiogenesis pathways are some of the known pathways determinant in the development of TC. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) are small organic compounds inhibiting tyrosine kinases auto-phosphorylation and activation, most of them are multikinase inhibitors. TKIs act on the aforementioned molecular pathways involved in growth, angiogenesis, local, and distant spread of TC. TKIs are emerging as new therapies of aggressive TC, including DTC, MTC, and anaplastic thyroid cancer, being capable of inducing clinical responses and stabilization of disease. Vandetanib and cabozantinib have been approved for the treatment of MTC, while sorafenib and lenvatinib for DTC refractory to radioiodine. These drugs prolong median progression-free survival, but until now no significant increase has been observed on overall survival; side effects are common. New efforts are made to find new more effective and safe compounds and to personalize the therapy in each TC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Poupak Fallahi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Ugo Politti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Materazzi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Enke Baldini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Ulisse
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Miccoli
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Area, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandro Antonelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- *Correspondence: Alessandro Antonelli,
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Toprani SM, Das B. Role of base excision repair genes and proteins in gamma-irradiated resting human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mutagenesis 2014; 30:247-61. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geu065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Barshishat-Kupper M, Tipton AJ, McCart EA, McCue J, Mueller GP, Day RM. Effect of ionizing radiation on liver protein oxidation and metabolic function in C57BL/6J mice. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 90:1169-78. [PMID: 24899392 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.930536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Protein oxidation in response to radiation results in DNA damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress/unfolded protein response, cell cycle arrest, cell death and senescence. The liver, a relatively radiosensitive organ, undergoes measurable alterations in metabolic functions following irradiation. Accordingly, we investigated radiation-induced changes in liver metabolism and alterations in protein oxidation. MATERIALS AND METHODS C57BL/6 mice were sham irradiated or exposed to 8.5 Gy (60)Co (0.6 Gy/min) total body irradiation. Metabolites and metabolic enzymes in the blood and liver tissue were analyzed. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and OxyBlot™ were used to detect carbonylated proteins that were then identified by peptide mass fingerprinting. RESULTS Analysis of serum metabolites revealed elevated glucose, bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), high-density lipoprotein, and aspartate aminotransferase within 24-72 h post irradiation. Liver tissue LDH and alkaline phosphatase activities were elevated 24-72 h post irradiation. OxyBlotting revealed that the hepatic proteome contains baseline protein carbonylation. Radiation exposure increased carbonylation of specific liver proteins including carbonic anhydrase 1, α-enolase, and regucalcin. CONCLUSIONS 8.5 Gy irradiation resulted in distinct metabolic alterations in hepatic functions. Coincident with these changes, radiation induced the carbonylation of specific liver enzymes. The oxidation of liver enzymes may underlie some radiation-induced alterations in hepatic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Barshishat-Kupper
- Department of Pharmacology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences , Bethesda, MD , USA
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Zhirnov VV, Iakovenko IN. The osmotic resistance, and zeta potential responses of human erythrocytes to transmembrane modification of Ca2+ fluxes in the presence of the imposed low rate radiation field of 90Sr. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 91:117-26. [PMID: 25084838 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.950716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of the imposed low dose rate ionizing field on membrane stability of human erythrocytes under modulation of transmembrane exchange of Ca(2+). MATERIALS AND METHODS Osmotic resistance of human erythrocytes was determined by a measure of haemoglobin released from erythrocytes when placed in a medium containing serial dilutions of Krebs isotonic buffer. The zeta potential as indicator of surface membrane potential was calculated from value of the cellular electrophoretic mobility. The irradiation of erythrocyte suspensions carried out by applying suitable aliquots of (90)Sr in incubation media. RESULTS Irradiation of human erythrocytes by (90)Sr (1.5-15.0 μGy·h(-1)) induced a reversible increase of hyposmotic hemolysis and negative charge value on the outer membrane surface as well as changed responses these parameters to modification of Ca(2+) fluxes with calcimycin and nitrendipine. CONCLUSIONS Findings indicate that the low dose rate radionuclides ((90)Sr) field modifies both Ca(2+)-mediated, and Ca(2+)-independent cellular signalling regulating mechanical stability of erythrocyte membrane. A direction of that modification presumably depends on the initial structure of membranes, and it is determined by the quality and quantitative parameters of changes in membrane structure caused by concrete operable factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor V Zhirnov
- Department of Cell Signal Systems, Institute of Bioorganic and Petroleum Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine , Kyiv , Ukraine
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Martin LM, Marples B, Lynch TH, Hollywood D, Marignol L. Exposure to low dose ionising radiation: Molecular and clinical consequences. Cancer Lett 2014; 349:98-106. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2013.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Minicucci EM, da Silva GN, Salvadori DMF. Relationship between head and neck cancer therapy and some genetic endpoints. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:93-102. [PMID: 24829856 PMCID: PMC4014801 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i2.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck cancer (HNC) is the sixth most common human malignancy worldwide. The main forms of treatment for HNC are surgery, radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT). However, the choice of therapy depends on the tumor staging and approaches, which are aimed at organ preservation. Because of systemic RT and CT genotoxicity, one of the important side effects is a secondary cancer that can result from the activity of radiation and antineoplastic drugs on healthy cells. Ionizing radiation can affect the DNA, causing single and double-strand breaks, DNA-protein crosslinks and oxidative damage. The severity of radiotoxicity can be directly associated with the radiation dosimetry and the dose-volume differences. Regarding CT, cisplatin is still the standard protocol for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma, the most common cancer located in the oral cavity. However, simultaneous treatment with cisplatin, bleomycin and 5-fluorouracil or treatment with paclitaxel and cisplatin are also used. These drugs can interact with the DNA, causing DNA crosslinks, double and single-strand breaks and changes in gene expression. Currently, the late effects of therapy have become a recurring problem, mainly due to the increased survival of HNC patients. Herein, we present an update of the systemic activity of RT and CT for HNC, with a focus on their toxicogenetic and toxicogenomic effects.
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