1
|
Magoulick KM, Hull V, Liu J. Mammal recovery inside and outside terrestrial protected areas. AMBIO 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02014-7. [PMID: 38600245 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Protected areas are a key component of global conservation, and the world is aiming to increase protected areas to cover 30% of land and water through the 30 × 30 Initiative under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. However, factors affecting their success or failure in regard to promoting mammal population recovery are not well studied, particularly using quantitative approaches comparing across diverse taxa, biomes, and countries. To better understand how protected areas contribute to mammalian recovery, we conducted an analysis of 2706 mammal populations both inside and outside of protected areas worldwide. We calculated the annual percent change of mammal populations within and outside of terrestrial protected areas and examined the relationship between the percent change and a suite of human and natural characteristics including biome, region, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) protected area category, IUCN Red List classification, and taxonomic order. Our results show that overall mammal populations inside and outside of protected areas are relatively stable. It appears that Threatened mammals are doing better inside of protected areas than outside, whereas the opposite is true for species of least concern and Near Threatened species. We also found significant population increases in protected areas classified as category III and significant population decreases in protected and unprotected areas throughout Oceania. Our results demonstrate that terrestrial protected areas can be an important approach for mammalian recovery and conservation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Magoulick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rödel HG, Ibler B, Ozogány K, Kerekes V. Age-specific effects of density and weather on body condition and birth rates in a large herbivore, the Przewalski's horse. Oecologia 2023; 203:435-451. [PMID: 37971561 PMCID: PMC10684615 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-023-05477-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction in young females can show a particularly sensitive response to environmental challenges, although empirical support from individual-based long-term studies is scarce. Based on a 20-year data set from a free-roaming Przewalski's horse population (Equus ferus przewalskii), we studied effects of large-herbivore density (horses + cattle) and weather conditions experienced during different life stages on females' annual birth rates. Foaling probability was very low in 2-year-olds, reaching maximum values in 5 to 10-year-olds, followed by a decrease in older females indicating reproductive senescence. Mother's previous reproductive investment affected her current reproduction; young and old mothers (as opposed to middle-aged ones), which had nursed a foal for at least 60 days during the previous year, reproduced with a lower probability. Foaling probability and body condition of young females were lower when large-herbivore density was high. Reproduction was also influenced by interactive weather effects during different life stages. Low late-summer precipitation during the females' year of birth was associated with a pronounced decrease in foaling probability in response to harsh late-winter temperatures prior to the mating season. In turn, increased amounts of late-summer rain during this early age together with more late-summer rain during the females' current pregnancy led to an increased reproductive probability in 2-3-year-olds. These results were corroborated by the ameliorating effects of late-summer rain on body condition in such females. In conclusion, our findings highlight the interactive importance of weather conditions experienced during early life, and of density and weather during current pregnancy on foaling probability, particularly in young females.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heiko G Rödel
- Laboratoire d'Ethologie Expérimentale et Comparée UR 4443 (LEEC), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, 93430, Villetaneuse, France.
| | - Benjamin Ibler
- Heimat-Tierpark Olderdissen (Bielefeld Zoo), Dornberger Straße 149a, 33619, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Katalin Ozogány
- HUN-REN-UD Behavioural Ecology Research Group, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Viola Kerekes
- Department of Evolutionary Zoology and Human Biology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, 4032, Debrecen, Hungary.
- Hortobágy National Park Directorate, Sumen utca. 2, 4024, Debrecen, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Beltran RS, Hernandez KM, Condit R, Robinson PW, Crocker DE, Goetsch C, Kilpatrick AM, Costa DP. Physiological tipping points in the relationship between foraging success and lifetime fitness of a long-lived mammal. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:706-716. [PMID: 36888564 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Although anthropogenic change is often gradual, the impacts on animal populations may be precipitous if physiological processes create tipping points between energy gain, reproduction or survival. We use 25 years of behavioural, diet and demographic data from elephant seals to characterise their relationships with lifetime fitness. Survival and reproduction increased with mass gain during long foraging trips preceding the pupping seasons, and there was a threshold where individuals that gained an additional 4.8% of their body mass (26 kg, from 206 to 232 kg) increased lifetime reproductive success three-fold (from 1.8 to 4.9 pups). This was due to a two-fold increase in pupping probability (30% to 76%) and a 7% increase in reproductive lifespan (6.0 to 6.4 years). The sharp threshold between mass gain and reproduction may explain reproductive failure observed in many species and demonstrates how small, gradual reductions in prey from anthropogenic disturbance could have profound implications for animal populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roxanne S Beltran
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Keith M Hernandez
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA.,Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Richard Condit
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Patrick W Robinson
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California, USA
| | - Chandra Goetsch
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - A Marm Kilpatrick
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| | - Daniel P Costa
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA.,Institute of Marine Sciences, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Watson F, Becker MS, Smit D, Droge E, Mukula T, Martens S, Mwaba S, Christianson D, Creel S, Brennan A, M'soka J, Gaylard A, Simukonda C, Nyirenda M, Mayani B. Predation strongly limits demography of a keystone migratory herbivore in a recovering transfrontier ecosystem. Ecol Evol 2022; 12:e9414. [PMID: 36262265 PMCID: PMC9575999 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.9414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Large herbivore migrations are imperiled globally; however the factors limiting a population across its migratory range are typically poorly understood. Zambia's Greater Liuwa Ecosystem (GLE) contains one of the largest remaining blue wildebeest (Connochaetes taurinus taurinus) migrations, yet the population structure, vital rates, and limiting factors are virtually unknown. We conducted a long‐term demographic study of GLE wildebeest from 2012 to 2019 of 107 collared adult females and their calves, 7352 herd observations, 12 aerial population surveys, and concurrent carnivore studies. We applied methods of vital rate estimation and survival analysis within a Bayesian estimation framework. From herd composition observations, we estimated rates of fecundity, first‐year survival, and recruitment as 68%, 56%, and 38% respectively, with pronounced interannual variation. Similar rates were estimated from calf‐detections with collared cows. Adult survival rates declined steadily from 91% at age 2 years to 61% at age 10 years thereafter dropping more sharply to 2% at age 16 years. Predation, particularly by spotted hyena, was the predominant cause of death for all wildebeest ages and focused on older animals. Starvation only accounted for 0.8% of all unbiased known natural causes of death. Mortality risk differed substantially between wet and dry season ranges, reflecting strong spatio‐temporal differences in habitat and predator densities. There was substantial evidence that mortality risk to adults was 27% higher in the wet season, and strong evidence that it was 45% higher in the migratory range where predator density was highest. The estimated vital rates were internally consistent, predicting a stable population trajectory consistent with aerial estimates. From essentially zero knowledge of GLE wildebeest dynamics, this work provides vital rates, age structure, limiting factors, and a plausible mechanism for the migratory tendency, and a robust model‐based foundation to evaluate the effects of potential restrictions in migratory range, climate change, predator–prey dynamics, and poaching.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fred Watson
- California State University Monterey BaySeasideCaliforniaUSA,Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia
| | - Matthew S. Becker
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Conservation Biology and Ecology Program, Department of EcologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA
| | - Daan Smit
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia
| | - Egil Droge
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, The Recanati‐Kaplan Centre, Department of ZoologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Teddy Mukula
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,African Parks Zambia, Liuwa Plain National ParkKalaboZambia,Worldwide Fund for NatureLusakaZambia
| | | | - Shadrach Mwaba
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Worldwide Fund for NatureLusakaZambia
| | - David Christianson
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Department of Ecosystem Science and ManagementUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | - Scott Creel
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,Conservation Biology and Ecology Program, Department of EcologyMontana State UniversityBozemanMontanaUSA,Institutionen för Vilt, Fisk och Miljö, Sveriges LantbruksuniversitetUmeåSweden
| | | | - Jassiel M'soka
- Zambian Carnivore ProgrammeMfuweZambia,U.S. Agency for International DevelopmentLusakaZambia
| | - Angela Gaylard
- African Parks Zambia, Liuwa Plain National ParkKalaboZambia
| | - Chuma Simukonda
- Zambia Department of National Parks and WildlifeChilangaZambia
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Milam EL. Landscapes of Time: Building Long-Term Perspectives in Animal Behavior. BERICHTE ZUR WISSENSCHAFTSGESCHICHTE 2022; 45:164-188. [PMID: 35258099 DOI: 10.1002/bewi.202100026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the 1960s, scientists fascinated by the behavior of free-living animals founded research projects that expanded into multi-generation investigations. This paper charts the history of three scientists' projects to uncover the varied reasons for investing in a "long-term" perspective when studying animal behavior: Kenneth Armitage's study of marmots in the Rocky Mountains, Jeanne Altmann's analysis of baboons in Kenya, and Timothy Hugh Clutton-Brock's studies (among others) of red deer on the island of Rhum and meerkats in the Kalahari. The desire to study the behavior of the same group of animals over extended periods of time, I argue, came from different methodological traditions - population biology, primatology, and sociobiology - even as each saw themselves as contributing to the legacy of ethology. As scientists embraced and combined these approaches, a small number of long-running behavioral ecology projects like these grew from short pilot projects into decades-long centers of intellectual gravity within behavioral ecology as a discipline. By attending to time as well as place, we can see how this long-term perspective was crucial to their success; they measured evolutionary changes over generations of animals and their data provided insights into how the animals they studied were adapting (or not) to changing local and global environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika Lorraine Milam
- Charles C. and Emily R. Gillispie Professor in the History of Science, Department of History, Princeton University
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lunn TJ, Nicol SC, Buettel JC, Brook BW. Population demography of the Tasmanian short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus). AUST J ZOOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1071/zo21037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
7
|
Kienle SS, Friedlaender AS, Crocker DE, Mehta RS, Costa DP. Trade-offs between foraging reward and mortality risk drive sex-specific foraging strategies in sexually dimorphic northern elephant seals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2022; 9:210522. [PMID: 35116140 PMCID: PMC8767210 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.210522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Sex-specific phenotypic differences are widespread throughout the animal kingdom. Reproductive advantages provided by trait differences come at a cost. Here, we link sex-specific foraging strategies to trade-offs between foraging reward and mortality risk in sexually dimorphic northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris). We analyse a decadal dataset on movement patterns, dive behaviour, foraging success and mortality rates. Females are deep-diving predators in open ocean habitats. Males are shallow-diving benthic predators in continental shelf habitats. Males gain six times more mass and acquire energy 4.1 times faster than females. High foraging success comes with a high mortality rate. Males are six times more likely to die than females. These foraging strategies and trade-offs are related to different energy demands and life-history strategies. Males use a foraging strategy with a high mortality risk to attain large body sizes necessary to compete for females, as only a fraction of the largest males ever mate. Females use a foraging strategy with a lower mortality risk, maximizing reproductive success by pupping annually over a long lifespan. Our results highlight how sex-specific traits can drive disparity in mortality rates and expand species' niche space. Further, trade-offs between foraging rewards and mortality risk can differentially affect each sex's ability to maximize fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S. Kienle
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
- Department of Biology, Baylor University, One Bear Place #97399, Waco, TX 76798, USA
| | - Ari S. Friedlaender
- Ocean Science, University of California, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Daniel E. Crocker
- Biology, Sonoma State University, 1801 East Cotati Avenue, Rohnert Park, CA 94928, USA
| | - Rita S. Mehta
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| | - Daniel P. Costa
- Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, 130 McAllister Way, Santa Cruz, CA 95060, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Makuya L, Olivier C, Schradin C. Field studies need to report essential information on social organisation – independent of the study focus. Ethology 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindelani Makuya
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
| | - Charlotte‐Anaïs Olivier
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
- IPHCUNISTRACNRS Strasbourg France
| | - Carsten Schradin
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg South Africa
- IPHCUNISTRACNRS Strasbourg France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
|
10
|
Melin AD, Hogan JD, Campos FA, Wikberg E, King‐Bailey G, Webb S, Kalbitzer U, Asensio N, Murillo‐Chacon E, Cheves Hernandez S, Guadamuz Chavarria A, Schaffner CM, Kawamura S, Aureli F, Fedigan L, Jack KM. Primate life history, social dynamics, ecology, and conservation: Contributions from long‐term research in Área de Conservación Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Biotropica 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. Melin
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
- Verhaltensökologie & Soziobiologie Deutsches Primatenzentrum – Leibniz‐Institut für Primatenforschung Göttingen Germany
| | - Jeremy D. Hogan
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | | | - Eva Wikberg
- Department of Anthropology Tulane University New Orleans LA USA
| | | | - Shasta Webb
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Urs Kalbitzer
- Department of Anthropology McGill University Montreal QC Canada
| | - Norberto Asensio
- Departamento de Psicología Social y Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento Universidad del País Vasco Bilbao Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Shoji Kawamura
- Department of Integrated Biosciences The University of Tokyo Kashiwa Japan
| | - Filippo Aureli
- Instituto de Neuroetología Universidad Veracruzana Xalapa Mexico
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology Liverpool John Moores University Liverpool UK
| | - Linda Fedigan
- Department of Anthropology and Archaeology University of Calgary Calgary AB Canada
| | - Katharine M. Jack
- Department of Anthropology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Long-term capture and handling effects on body condition, reproduction and survival in a semi-aquatic mammal. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17886. [PMID: 33087816 PMCID: PMC7578049 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74933-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In long-term individual-based field studies, several parameters need to be assessed repeatedly to fully understand the potential fitness effects on individuals. Often studies only evaluate capture stress that appears in the immediate weeks or breeding season and even long-term studies fail to evaluate the long-term effects of their capture procedures. We investigated effects of long-term repeated capture and handling of individuals in a large semi-aquatic rodent using more than 20 years of monitoring data from a beaver population in Norway. To investigate the effects, we corrected for ecological factors and analysed the importance of total capture and handling events, years of monitoring and deployment of telemetry devices on measures related to body condition, reproduction and survival of individual beavers. Body mass of dominant individuals decreased considerably with number of capture events (107 g per capture), but we found no statistically clear short or long-term effects of capture and handling on survival or other body condition indices. Annual litter size decreased with increasing number of captures among older individuals. Number of captures furthermore negatively affected reproduction in the beginning of the monitoring, but the effect decreased over the years, indicating habituation to repeated capture and handling. By assessing potential impacts on several fitness-related parameters at multiple times, we can secure the welfare of wild animal populations when planning and executing future conservation studies as well as ensure ecologically reliable research data.
Collapse
|
12
|
Stokes RH, Sandel AA. Data quality and the comparative method: the case of pregnancy failure in rodents. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
In mammalian species where infanticide by males is likely, females exhibit counterstrategies to prevent or mitigate the costs of infanticide. One putative mitigation strategy is the “Bruce effect,” in which pregnant or inseminated females exposed to an unfamiliar male experience pregnancy block or failure. Females then mate with the new male, thus shifting investment from a “doomed” pregnancy to a more fruitful one. However, the Bruce effect may be an adaptive response to other factors besides infanticide. For example, if paternal care is necessary for offspring survival, and an unfamiliar male replacing the original mate is unlikely to provide such care to offspring of a litter it did not sire, then a female may terminate a pregnancy to initiate a new one. The infanticide and paternal care hypotheses have not been rigorously tested because comparative data on the Bruce effect across mammals are scarce. We compiled data on the Bruce effect, infanticide, and paternal care from one particularly rich source of information, rodents, but found the data set to be less rich than expected. The Bruce effect, infanticide, and paternal care were common among rodent species, but we found no clear relationship among the traits. However, this was likely due to 1) a bias toward positive results, 2) missing data, and 3) a reliance on studies of captive animals. These are common problems in comparative research, and we outline standards that should be implemented to successfully answer questions of importance in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aaron A Sandel
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kelt DA, Heske EJ, Lambin X, Oli MK, Orrock JL, Ozgul A, Pauli JN, Prugh LR, Sollmann R, Sommer S. Advances in population ecology and species interactions in mammals. J Mammal 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyz017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
AbstractThe study of mammals has promoted the development and testing of many ideas in contemporary ecology. Here we address recent developments in foraging and habitat selection, source–sink dynamics, competition (both within and between species), population cycles, predation (including apparent competition), mutualism, and biological invasions. Because mammals are appealing to the public, ecological insight gleaned from the study of mammals has disproportionate potential in educating the public about ecological principles and their application to wise management. Mammals have been central to many computational and statistical developments in recent years, including refinements to traditional approaches and metrics (e.g., capture-recapture) as well as advancements of novel and developing fields (e.g., spatial capture-recapture, occupancy modeling, integrated population models). The study of mammals also poses challenges in terms of fully characterizing dynamics in natural conditions. Ongoing climate change threatens to affect global ecosystems, and mammals provide visible and charismatic subjects for research on local and regional effects of such change as well as predictive modeling of the long-term effects on ecosystem function and stability. Although much remains to be done, the population ecology of mammals continues to be a vibrant and rapidly developing field. We anticipate that the next quarter century will prove as exciting and productive for the study of mammals as has the recent one.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Douglas A Kelt
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edward J Heske
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Xavier Lambin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Madan K Oli
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - John L Orrock
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arpat Ozgul
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan N Pauli
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Laura R Prugh
- School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rahel Sollmann
- Department of Wildlife, Fish, & Conservation Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Stefan Sommer
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Schradin C, Hayes LD, Pillay N, Bertelsmeier C. The evolution of intraspecific variation in social organization. Ethology 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.12752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schradin
- Université de Strasbourg CNRS IPHC UMR 7178 Strasbourg France
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Witwatersrand South Africa
| | - Loren D. Hayes
- Department of Biology, Geology, and Environmental Sciences University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Chattanooga Tennessee
| | - Neville Pillay
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences University of the Witwatersrand Witwatersrand South Africa
| | - Cleo Bertelsmeier
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ciach M, Pęksa Ł. Human-induced environmental changes influence habitat use by an ungulate over the long term. Curr Zool 2018; 65:129-137. [PMID: 30936901 PMCID: PMC6430970 DOI: 10.1093/cz/zoy035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat use and preferences may be subject to spatial and temporal changes. However, long-term studies of species–habitat relationships are the exception. In the present research, long-term trends in habitat use by an alpine ungulate, the Tatra chamois Rupicapra rupicapra tatrica, were analyzed. We examined how environmental changes attributable to climate change, removal of sheep, and habituation to hikers, which took place over the last half-century have changed the spatial distribution of animals. Data on the localities of groups sighted between 1957 and 2013 during autumnal population surveys were used to evaluate habitat associations: these were correlated with year, group size, population size, and climatic conditions. The results indicate that the Tatra chamois is tending, over the long term, to lower its altitude of occurrence, reduce its average distance to hiking trails, and stay less often on slopes with a southerly aspect. These trends are independent of group size, population size, and the weather conditions prevailing during observations, though not for altitude, where increases in air temperature are related to finding chamois at higher elevations. The proportion of alpine meadows and slope in the places used by chamois is correlated with population size, while the proportion of areas with trees and/or shrubs is correlated with group size and air temperature, though long-term changes were not evident for these variables. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first to document long-term trends in habitat use by ungulates. It shows that a species’ ecology is influenced by human-induced changes: abandonment of pasturage, high-mountain tourism, and climate changes, which constitute the most probable reasons for this aspect of behavioral evolution in the Tatra chamois.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michał Ciach
- Department of Forest Biodiversity, Institute of Forest Ecology and Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, University of Agriculture, al. 29 Listopada 46, Kraków, Poland
| | - Łukasz Pęksa
- Tatra National Park, ul. Kuźnice 1, Zakopane, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Taig-Johnston M, Strom MK, Calhoun K, Nowak K, Ebensperger LA, Hayes L. The ecological value of long-term studies of birds and mammals in Central America, South America and Antarctica. REVISTA CHILENA DE HISTORIA NATURAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1186/s40693-017-0070-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
17
|
Schradin C. Comparative studies need to rely both on sound natural history data and on excellent statistical analysis. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2017; 4:170346. [PMID: 28989742 PMCID: PMC5627082 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.170346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Schradin
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, 67000 Strasbourg, France
- School of Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Wits 2050, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|