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Magoulick KM, Hull V, Liu J. Mammal recovery inside and outside terrestrial protected areas. Ambio 2024:10.1007/s13280-024-02014-7. [PMID: 38600245 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-024-02014-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Protected areas are a key component of global conservation, and the world is aiming to increase protected areas to cover 30% of land and water through the 30 × 30 Initiative under the Post-2020 Global Biodiversity Framework. However, factors affecting their success or failure in regard to promoting mammal population recovery are not well studied, particularly using quantitative approaches comparing across diverse taxa, biomes, and countries. To better understand how protected areas contribute to mammalian recovery, we conducted an analysis of 2706 mammal populations both inside and outside of protected areas worldwide. We calculated the annual percent change of mammal populations within and outside of terrestrial protected areas and examined the relationship between the percent change and a suite of human and natural characteristics including biome, region, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) protected area category, IUCN Red List classification, and taxonomic order. Our results show that overall mammal populations inside and outside of protected areas are relatively stable. It appears that Threatened mammals are doing better inside of protected areas than outside, whereas the opposite is true for species of least concern and Near Threatened species. We also found significant population increases in protected areas classified as category III and significant population decreases in protected and unprotected areas throughout Oceania. Our results demonstrate that terrestrial protected areas can be an important approach for mammalian recovery and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Magoulick
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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2
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Chen X, Hull V. Border conservation in Hindu Kush-Himalaya. Science 2023; 380:1330-1332. [PMID: 37384697 DOI: 10.1126/science.adi7958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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3
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Manes C, Carthy RR, Hull V. A Coupled Human and Natural Systems Framework to Characterize Emerging Infectious Diseases-The Case of Fibropapillomatosis in Marine Turtles. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091441. [PMID: 37174478 PMCID: PMC10177368 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases of wildlife have markedly increased in the last few decades. Unsustainable, continuous, and rapid alterations within and between coupled human and natural systems have significantly disrupted wildlife disease dynamics. Direct and indirect anthropogenic effects, such as climate change, pollution, encroachment, urbanization, travel, and trade, can promote outbreaks of infectious diseases in wildlife. We constructed a coupled human and natural systems framework identifying three main wildlife disease risk factors behind these anthropogenic effects: (i) immune suppression, (ii) viral spillover, and (iii) disease propagation. Through complex and convoluted dynamics, each of the anthropogenic effects and activities listed in our framework can lead, to some extent, to one or more of the identified risk factors accelerating disease outbreaks in wildlife. In this review, we present a novel framework to study anthropogenic effects within coupled human and natural systems that facilitate the emergence of infectious disease involving wildlife. We demonstrate the utility of the framework by applying it to Fibropapillomatosis disease of marine turtles. We aim to articulate the intricate and complex nature of anthropogenically exacerbated wildlife infectious diseases as multifactorial. This paper supports the adoption of a One Health approach and invites the integration of multiple disciplines for the achievement of effective and long-lasting conservation and the mitigation of wildlife emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Manes
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- One Health Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Raymond R Carthy
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- U.S. Geological Survey, Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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4
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Bian X, Liang X, Weckworth B, Jyal D, Hull V, Yang L. Spatial density estimate of the snow leopard, Panthera uncia, in the Central Tibetan Plateau, China. Integr Zool 2022. [PMID: 36049233 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of large carnivore population abundance is essential for wildlife management and conservation, but these data are often difficult to obtain in inherently low-density species. In particular, the snow leopard, Panthera uncia, an enigmatic cat occupying remote mountains in Central Asia, has received insufficient assessments of its population abundance because of logistical and methodological challenges. Here, we aimed to develop a robust density estimation of snow leopards based on 81 days of camera trapping within a contiguous and previously unsurveyed 1,950 km2 area of habitat on the Tibetan Plateau (Mayue Township, Shenzha County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China). By applying spatially explicit capture-recapture models, we produced an estimate of 1.40 (95%CI: 1.06-1.84) individuals per 100 km2 . Results also suggested sex-specific variation in range of movement around activity centers, with male (N = 10, σ = 4.02) movement considerably greater than female (N = 8, σ = 1.84) movement. The findings can serve as a reliable baseline reference for assessing the population trends of this endangered felid species with future estimates. This study will provide context to contribute towards a better understanding of ecological factors shaping the distribution and abundance of snow leopards and the related conservation measures needed to sustain their long-term survival on the Tibetan Plateau. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxing Bian
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Wildlife Conservation Society China, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Xuchang Liang
- Wildlife Conservation Society China, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | | | - Dorje Jyal
- Wildlife Conservation Society China, Chaoyang District, Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Le Yang
- Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa, China
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5
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Farid RH, Karelus DL, Hull V. Age‐ and sex‐specific survival of the Gunnison's prairie dog (
Cynomys gunnisoni
). Ecosphere 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.3937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rashidah H. Farid
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences Tuskegee University Tuskegee Alabama USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Dana L. Karelus
- Natural Resources Institute Texas A&M University College Station Texas USA
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
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6
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Rivera CJ, Mayo D, Hull V. Social-Ecological Interactions Influencing Primate Harvest: Insights From Madagascar. Front Conserv Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fcosc.2021.776897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, non-human primates face mounting threats due to unsustainable harvest by humans. There is a need to better understand the diverse drivers of primate harvest and the complex social-ecological interactions influencing harvest in shared human-primate systems. Here, we take an interdisciplinary, systems approach to assess how complex interactions among primate biological and ecological characteristics and human social factors affect primate harvest. We apply our approach through a review and synthesis of the literature on lemur harvest in Madagascar, a country with one of the highest primate species richness in the world coupled with high rates of threatened primate species and populations in decline. We identify social and ecological factors affecting primate harvest, including the characteristics of lemurs that may make them vulnerable to harvest by humans; factors describing human motivations for (or deterrents to) harvest; and political and governance factors related to power and accessibility. We then discuss social-ecological interactions that emerge from: (1) the prevalence of informal institutions (e.g., cultural taboos), (2) adoption of human predatory strategies, (3) synergies with habitat use and habitat loss, and (4) interactions among regional- and local-scale factors (multi-level interactions). Our results illustrate that social-ecological interactions influencing lemur harvest in Madagascar are complex and context-specific, while influenced by a combination of interactions between species-specific characteristics and human social factors. These context-specific interactions may be also influenced by local-level cultural practices, land use change, and effects from regional-level social complexities such as political upheaval and food insecurity. We conclude by discussing the importance of identifying and explicitly accounting for nuances in underlying social-ecological systems and putting forth ideas for future research on primate harvest in shared human-primate systems, including research on social-ecological feedbacks and the application of Routine Activities Theory.
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Wang Y, Hull V, Sternbach S, Popovich B, Burns T, McDonough J, Guo F, Pleasure D. Ablating the Transporter Sodium-Dependent Dicarboxylate Transporter 3 Prevents Leukodystrophy in Canavan Disease Mice. Ann Neurol 2021; 90:845-850. [PMID: 34498299 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Canavan disease is caused by ASPA mutations that diminish brain aspartoacylase activity, and it is characterized by excessive brain storage of the aspartoacylase substrate, N-acetyl-l-aspartate (NAA), and by astroglial and intramyelinic vacuolation. Astroglia and the arachnoid mater express sodium-dependent dicarboxylate transporter (NaDC3), encoded by SLC13A3, a sodium-coupled transporter for NAA and other dicarboxylates. Constitutive Slc13a3 deletion in aspartoacylase-deficient Canavan disease mice prevents brain NAA overaccumulation, ataxia, and brain vacuolation. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:845-850.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, UC Davis, c/o Shriners Hospital, Sacramento, CA
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, UC Davis, c/o Shriners Hospital, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sarah Sternbach
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Brad Popovich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Travis Burns
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, UC Davis, c/o Shriners Hospital, Sacramento, CA
| | - Jennifer McDonough
- Department of Biological Sciences and School of Biomedical Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | - Fuzheng Guo
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, UC Davis, c/o Shriners Hospital, Sacramento, CA
| | - David Pleasure
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, UC Davis, c/o Shriners Hospital, Sacramento, CA
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8
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Hou J, Hull V, Connor T, Yang H, Gao J, Zhao F, Liao Y, Chen S, Huang J, Zeng Y, Zhou S, Zhou X, Zhang J. Scent communication behavior by giant pandas. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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9
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Hull V, Wang Y, Burns T, Zhang S, Sternbach S, McDonough J, Guo F, Pleasure D. Antisense Oligonucleotide Reverses Leukodystrophy in Canavan Disease Mice. Ann Neurol 2020; 87:480-485. [PMID: 31925837 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Marked elevation in the brain concentration of N-acetyl-L-aspartate (NAA) is a characteristic feature of Canavan disease, a vacuolar leukodystrophy resulting from deficiency of the oligodendroglial NAA-cleaving enzyme aspartoacylase. We now demonstrate that inhibiting NAA synthesis by intracisternal administration of a locked nucleic acid antisense oligonucleotide to young-adult aspartoacylase-deficient mice reverses their pre-existing ataxia and diminishes cerebellar and thalamic vacuolation and Purkinje cell dendritic atrophy. Ann Neurol 2020;87:480-485.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hull
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA
| | - Yan Wang
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA
| | - Travis Burns
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA
| | - Sarah Sternbach
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH
| | | | - Fuzheng Guo
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA
| | - David Pleasure
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children, Sacramento, CA
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10
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Connor T, Viña A, Winkler JA, Hull V, Tang Y, Shortridge A, Yang H, Zhao Z, Wang F, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Bai W, Liu J. Interactive spatial scale effects on species distribution modeling: The case of the giant panda. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14563. [PMID: 31601927 PMCID: PMC6787011 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50953-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has shown that varying spatial scale through the selection of the total extent of investigation and the grain size of environmental predictor variables has effects on species distribution model (SDM) results and accuracy, but there has been minimal investigation into the interactive effects of extent and grain. To do this, we used a consistently sampled range-wide dataset of giant panda occurrence across southwest China and modeled their habitat and distribution at 4 extents and 7 grain sizes. We found that increasing grain size reduced model accuracy at the smallest extent, but that increasing extent negated this effect. Increasing extent also generally increased model accuracy, but the models built at the second-largest (mountain range) extent were more accurate than those built at the largest, geographic range-wide extent. When predicting habitat suitability in the smallest nested extents (50 km2), we found that the models built at the next-largest extent (500 km2) were more accurate than the smallest-extent models but that further increases in extent resulted in large decreases in accuracy. Overall, this study highlights the impacts of the selection of spatial scale when evaluating species' habitat and distributions, and we suggest more explicit investigations of scale effects in future modeling efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Connor
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| | - Andrés Viña
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Julie A Winkler
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ying Tang
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Ashton Shortridge
- Department of Geography, Environment, and Spatial Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhao
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Fang Wang
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China
| | - Caiquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China
| | - Wenke Bai
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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11
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Moran P, Hull V, Bell N, Bateman K. P389 Massage therapy in an adult cystic fibrosis centre. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30681-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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12
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Zeng Y, Zhang J, Hull V. Mixed-method study on medicinal herb collection in relation to wildlife conservation: the case of giant pandas in China. Integr Zool 2019; 14:604-612. [PMID: 30688010 DOI: 10.1111/1749-4877.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal herb collection has historical and cultural roots in many rural communities in developing countries. Areas where herb collection occurs may overlap with biodiversity hotspots and crucial habitat of endangered and threatened species. However, impacts of such practices on wildlife are unknown and possibly underestimated, perhaps due to the elusive nature of such activities. We examined this phenomenon in Wolong Nature Reserve, China, a protected area in the South-Central China biodiversity hotspot that also supports a community of Tibetan, Qiang and Han people who use herb collection as a supplementary source of livelihood. We adopted a participatory approach in which we engaged local people in outlining spatial and temporal dynamics of medicinal herb collection practices. We found that the overall spatial extent of herb collection increased in the past two decades. We then overlaid herb collection maps with localities of giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) feces collected over two time points in the reserve. Using a Bayesian parameter estimation, we found evidence for declined giant panda occurrence in the areas most recently impacted by emerging medicinal herb collection. Our methodology demonstrates the potential power of integrating participatory approaches with quantitative methods for processes like herb collection that may be difficult to examine empirically. We discuss future directions for improving explanatory power and addressing uncertainty in this type of mixed-method, interdisciplinary research. This work has implications for future attempts to understand whether and how prevalent but subtle human activities may affect wildlife conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Zeng
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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13
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Liu F, Horton-Sparks K, Hull V, Li RW, Martínez-Cerdeño V. The valproic acid rat model of autism presents with gut bacterial dysbiosis similar to that in human autism. Mol Autism 2018; 9:61. [PMID: 30555669 PMCID: PMC6288876 DOI: 10.1186/s13229-018-0251-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota has the capacity to impact the regular function of the brain, which can in turn affect the composition of microbiota. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients suffer from gastrointestinal problems and experience changes in gut microbiota; however, it is not yet clear whether the change in the microbiota associated with ASD is a cause or a consequence of the disease. Methods We have investigated the species richness and microbial composition in a valproic acid (VPA)-induced rat model autism. Fecal samples from the rectum were collected at necropsy, microbial total DNA was extracted, 16 rRNA genes sequenced using Illumina, and the global microbial co-occurrence network was constructed using a random matrix theory-based pipeline. Collected rat microbiome data were compared to available data derived from cases of autism. Results We found that VPA administration during pregnancy reduced fecal microbial richness, changed the gut microbial composition, and altered the metabolite potential of the fecal microbial community in a pattern similar to that seen in patients with ASD. However, the global network property and network composition as well as microbial co-occurrence patterns were largely preserved in the offspring of rats exposed to prenatal administration of VPA. Conclusions Our data on the microbiota of the VPA rat model of autism indicate that this model, in addition to behaviorally and anatomically mimicking the autistic brain as previously shown, also mimics the microbiome features of autism, making it one of the best-suited rodent models for the study of autism and ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kayla Horton-Sparks
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, 2504 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, 2504 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
| | - Robert W. Li
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, MD USA
| | - Verónica Martínez-Cerdeño
- Institute for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine and Shriners Hospitals for Children Northern California, 2504 Stockton Blvd, Sacramento, CA 95817 USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA USA
- MIND Institute, Sacramento, CA USA
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14
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Zhang M, Zhang Z, Li Z, Hong M, Zhou X, Zhou S, Zhang J, Hull V, Huang J, Zhang H. Giant panda foraging and movement patterns in response to bamboo shoot growth. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:8636-8643. [PMID: 29322387 PMCID: PMC5854758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0919-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Diet plays a pivotal role in dictating behavioral patterns of herbivorous animals, particularly specialist species. The giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is well-known as a bamboo specialist. In the present study, the response of giant pandas to spatiotemporal variation of bamboo shoots was explored using field surveys and GPS collar tracking. Results show the dynamics in panda-bamboo space-time relationships that have not been previously articulated. For instance, we found a higher bamboo stump height of foraged bamboo with increasing elevation, places where pandas foraged later in spring when bamboo shoots become more fibrous and woody. The time required for shoots to reach optimum height for foraging was significantly delayed as elevation increased, a pattern which corresponded with panda elevational migration patterns beginning from the lower elevational end of Fargesia robusta distribution and gradually shifting upward until the end of the shooting season. These results indicate that giant pandas can respond to spatiotemporal variation of bamboo resources, such as available shoots. Anthropogenic interference of low-elevation F. robusta habitat should be mitigated, and conservation attention and increased monitoring should be given to F. robusta areas at the low- and mid-elevation ranges, particularly in the spring shooting season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchun Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, 611870, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, 611870, China
| | - Zhong Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, 611870, China
| | - Mingsheng Hong
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
- Genetic Engineering Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Xiaoping Zhou
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, 611870, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhou
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, 611870, China
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637009, China
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Jinyan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, 611870, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Dujiangyan, Sichuan, 611870, China.
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15
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Zhang J, Hull V, Ouyang Z, He L, Connor T, Yang H, Huang J, Zhou S, Zhang Z, Zhou C, Zhang H, Liu J. Modeling activity patterns of wildlife using time-series analysis. Ecol Evol 2017; 7:2575-2584. [PMID: 28428848 PMCID: PMC5395454 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of wildlife activity patterns is an effective approach to understanding fundamental ecological and evolutionary processes. However, traditional statistical approaches used to conduct quantitative analysis have thus far had limited success in revealing underlying mechanisms driving activity patterns. Here, we combine wavelet analysis, a type of frequency‐based time‐series analysis, with high‐resolution activity data from accelerometers embedded in GPS collars to explore the effects of internal states (e.g., pregnancy) and external factors (e.g., seasonal dynamics of resources and weather) on activity patterns of the endangered giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Giant pandas exhibited higher frequency cycles during the winter when resources (e.g., water and forage) were relatively poor, as well as during spring, which includes the giant panda's mating season. During the summer and autumn when resources were abundant, pandas exhibited a regular activity pattern with activity peaks every 24 hr. A pregnant individual showed distinct differences in her activity pattern from other giant pandas for several months following parturition. These results indicate that animals adjust activity cycles to adapt to seasonal variation of the resources and unique physiological periods. Wavelet coherency analysis also verified the synchronization of giant panda activity level with air temperature and solar radiation at the 24‐hr band. Our study also shows that wavelet analysis is an effective tool for analyzing high‐resolution activity pattern data and its relationship to internal and external states, an approach that has the potential to inform wildlife conservation and management across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources ConservationChina West Normal UniversityMinistry of EducationNanchong, Sichuan 637009China
- Center for Systems Integration and SustainabilityDepartment of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Center for Systems Integration and SustainabilityDepartment of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and ConservationUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFL 32611USA
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional EcologyResearch Center for Eco–environmental SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China
| | - Liang He
- National Meteorological CenterBeijing 100081China
| | - Thomas Connor
- Center for Systems Integration and SustainabilityDepartment of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Center for Systems Integration and SustainabilityDepartment of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA
| | - Jinyan Huang
- Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP)Wolong Nature ReserveSichuan 623006China
| | - Shiqiang Zhou
- Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP)Wolong Nature ReserveSichuan 623006China
| | - Zejun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources ConservationChina West Normal UniversityMinistry of EducationNanchong, Sichuan 637009China
| | - Caiquan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources ConservationChina West Normal UniversityMinistry of EducationNanchong, Sichuan 637009China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP)Wolong Nature ReserveSichuan 623006China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and SustainabilityDepartment of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48823USA
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Hull V, Zhang J, Huang J, Zhou S, Viña A, Shortridge A, Li R, Liu D, Xu W, Ouyang Z, Zhang H, Liu J. Habitat Use and Selection by Giant Pandas. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162266. [PMID: 27627805 PMCID: PMC5023135 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals make choices about where to spend their time in complex and dynamic landscapes, choices that reveal information about their biology that in turn can be used to guide their conservation. Using GPS collars, we conducted a novel individual-based analysis of habitat use and selection by the elusive and endangered giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). We constructed spatial autoregressive resource utilization functions (RUF) to model the relationship between the pandas' utilization distributions and various habitat characteristics over a continuous space across seasons. Results reveal several new insights, including use of a broader range of habitat characteristics than previously understood for the species, particularly steep slopes and non-forest areas. We also used compositional analysis to analyze habitat selection (use with respect to availability of habitat types) at two selection levels. Pandas selected against low terrain position and against the highest clumped forest at the at-home range level, but no significant factors were identified at the within-home range level. Our results have implications for modeling and managing the habitat of this endangered species by illustrating how individual pandas relate to habitat and make choices that differ from assumptions made in broad scale models. Our study also highlights the value of using a spatial autoregressive RUF approach on animal species for which a complete picture of individual-level habitat use and selection across space is otherwise lacking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Hull
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Jindong Zhang
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
- Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, China West Normal University, Ministry of Education, Nanchong, China
| | - Jinyan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
| | - Shiqiang Zhou
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
| | - Andrés Viña
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Ashton Shortridge
- Department of Geography, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
| | - Rengui Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
| | - Dian Liu
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
| | - Weihua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco–environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyun Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco–environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP), Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States of America
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Abstract
Telemetry studies that track animals through space and time can lead to advances in scientific understanding that are vital in conservation efforts. For example, telemetry studies of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) have shed light on many aspects of panda biology, but small sample sizes in each separate study make it difficult to draw broad conclusions. To overcome this problem we conducted the first synthesis of all 5 panda telemetry studies conducted to date. Using these data we investigated patterns in 6 main topics: home range, space-use interactions, core areas, movement patterns, seasonal migration and natal dispersal. We found that panda home range sizes do not vary between 2 main mountain ranges (Qionglai and Qinling), as was previously believed. Our results also suggest that female pandas increase their movement in the mating season: a behavior typically attributed only to males. We found and summarized telemetry and genetic evidence for female natal dispersal in the giant panda. Our synthesis highlights the need for additional research relating panda behavior to human disturbance factors, and can aid future studies on giant pandas as well as other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Connor
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
| | - Jianguo Liu
- Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA
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Zhang J, Hull V, Huang J, Zhou S, Xu W, Yang H, McConnell WJ, Li R, Liu D, Huang Y, Ouyang Z, Zhang H, Liu J. Activity patterns of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyv118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Hull V, Zhang J, Zhou S, Huang J, Li R, Liu D, Xu W, Huang Y, Ouyang Z, Zhang H, Liu J. Space use by endangered giant pandas. J Mammal 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyu031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liu J, Mooney H, Hull V, Davis SJ, Gaskell J, Hertel T, Lubchenco J, Seto KC, Gleick P, Kremen C, Li S. Systems integration for global sustainability. Science 2015; 347:1258832. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1258832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 668] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Chen X, Peterson MN, Hull V, Lu C, Hong D, Liu J. How perceived exposure to environmental harm influences environmental behavior in urban China. Ambio 2013; 42:52-60. [PMID: 22821144 PMCID: PMC3547460 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-012-0335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Rapid environmental degradation in China makes understanding how perceived exposure to environmental harm influences environmental attitudes and participation in pro-environmental behaviors among the Chinese people crucial. We used a nation-wide survey dataset in urban China to test two hypotheses: experiencing environmental harm directly affects environmental behavior; environmental attitudes mediate the relationship between experiencing environmental harm and environmental behavior. We found respondents who experienced environmental harm had more pro-environmental attitudes. Experiencing environmental harm positively influenced pro-environmental behavior both directly and indirectly through the mediation of pro-environmental attitudes. Among the pro-environmental behaviors, environmental litigation was most strongly related with exposure to environmental harm. Our results suggest that more participation in pro-environmental behaviors may be expected as rapid economic development increases public exposure to environmental harm in urban China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodong Chen
- Department of Geography, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.
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Huang Y, Zhang H, Li D, Zhang G, Wei R, Huang Z, Zhou Y, Zhou Q, Liu Y, Wildt DE, Hull V. Relationship of the estrogen surge and multiple mates to cub paternity in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca): implications for optimal timing of copulation or artificial insemination. Biol Reprod 2012; 87:112. [PMID: 22976278 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.112.102970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The effectiveness of ex situ breeding programs for endangered species can be limited by challenges in mimicking mating competitions that naturally occur among multiple mates in the wild. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of timed natural matings and/or artificial inseminations in the context of the urinary estrogen surge on cub production in the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). We used a large cohort of giant pandas, including 12 females and 17 males. DNA paternity exclusion was used to pinpoint accurately the interval during the estrogen surge that coincided with the ideal sperm deposition time to produce offspring. Of the 31 cubs (in 19 pregnancies), 22 (71.0%; 15 pregnancies) were produced from matings occurring on the day of or the day after the maximal urinary estrogen peak. Sixteen of the 19 pregnancies (84.2%) produced at least one offspring sired by the first male mating with the dam. There was a preponderance of twins (12 of 19; 63.2%), and dual paternities were discovered in 3 of 12 twin sets (25%). These findings indicate a strong relationship between the excreted estrogen surge and sperm deposition to achieve pregnancy in the giant panda. To ensure the production of the most genetically diverse young, it is imperative that the most appropriate male mate first and on the day of or the day after the highest detected estrogen value. There is no advantage to increasing the number of copulations or mating partners within 1 day of the estrogen peak on the incidence of twinning, although this practice may increase the prevalence of dual paternity in cases of multiple births.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda, Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China.
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Huang Y, Li D, Zhou Y, Zhou Q, Li R, Wang C, Huang Z, Hull V, Zhang H. Factors Affecting the Outcome of Artificial Insemination Using Cryopreserved Spermatozoa in the Giant Panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca). Zoo Biol 2011; 31:561-73. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 08/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP); Wolong Nature Reserve; Sichuan; People's Republic of China
| | - Desheng Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP); Wolong Nature Reserve; Sichuan; People's Republic of China
| | - Yingmin Zhou
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP); Wolong Nature Reserve; Sichuan; People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP); Wolong Nature Reserve; Sichuan; People's Republic of China
| | - Rengui Li
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP); Wolong Nature Reserve; Sichuan; People's Republic of China
| | - Chengdong Wang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP); Wolong Nature Reserve; Sichuan; People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Huang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP); Wolong Nature Reserve; Sichuan; People's Republic of China
| | - Vanessa Hull
- Center For Systems Integration and Sustainability (CSIS); Department of Fisheries and Wildlife; Michigan State University; East Lansing; Michigan
| | - Hemin Zhang
- China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda (CCRCGP); Wolong Nature Reserve; Sichuan; People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Successful conservation of an endangered species relies on a good understanding of its reproductive biology, but there are large knowledge gaps. For example, many questions remain unanswered with regard to gestation and fetal development in the giant panda. We take advantage of a sample size that is unprecedented for this species (n=13) to explore patterns in reproductive development across individuals at the China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant Panda. We use ultrasound techniques on multiple giant pandas for the first time to empirically confirm what has long been suspected that pandas exhibit delayed implantation of the embryo. We also show that the duration of postfetal detection period is remarkably similar across individuals (16.85±1.34 days). Detection of fetus by ultrasound was strongly correlated to the peak in urinary progesterone (r=0.96, t=8.48, d.f.=8, P=0.0001) and swelling in the mammary glands (r=0.79, t=3.61, d.f.=8, P=0.007) and vulva (r=0.91, t=6.40, d.f.=8, P=0.0002) of adult females. When controlling for both the duration of the total gestation period and the postfetal detection period, infant birth weight was only significantly predicted by the latter (β=11.25, s.e.m.=4.98, t=2.26, P=0.05), suggesting that delayed implantation increases flexibility in the timing of birth but is not important in dictating infant growth. This study informs reproductive biology by exploring the little-studied phenomenon of delayed implantation in relationship to physiological changes in pregnant giant panda females.
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Abstract
This paper presents findings of a study of postpartum women in major hospitals throughout Indonesia. The objective was to assess the mothers' practices and attitudes regarding several key aspects of breast-feeding and 'rooming-in'. The study found that most of the women breast-fed their babies, with many believing infants should be breast-fed for 18 months or longer. However, many mothers lacked information about ideal infant feeding patterns and were unaware of how to solve problems that may arise. Only 38% recognized the value of feeding colostrum, and many feared the effect of breast-feeding on breast shape. They often gave supplementary formula. Almost none understood the importance of frequent suckling in promoting milk production. Only 50% of infants were kept in the same hospital room with their mothers for 24 hr a day, or full rooming-in. Women who kept their infants in the nursery (39%) were generally younger, better educated, primiparous, or had non-normal deliveries. They knew little about rooming-in, and if given more information to allay their doubts, they might consider rooming-in as a viable and safe arrangement. The results of this study reinforce the importance of identifying the perceptions and the knowledge of women concerning breast-feeding and rooming-in, so that hospital administrator, and health professionals can design programs and provide environments that encourage women to breast-feed their infants in optimal ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hull
- Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-3950
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Abstract
Mortality in the first two years of life was studied in a cohort of 510 children born in a rural Javanese village. Lower risk of death was associated with younger maternal age, maternal schooling, ownership of a well, smaller sibship, longer gap between child and next oldest sibling and, in particular, with good nutritional status. Diarrhoea, pneumonia and immunizable diseases accounted for over half the deaths, with malnutrition contributing to most. A primary health care programme focusing on malnutrition, immunization and early treatment for diarrhoea and pneumonia could reduce mortality by half or more in this population.
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Hull V, Krippene B. Dental experiences as viewed by high school students. J Wis State Dent Soc 1966; 42:158-9. [PMID: 5219149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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