1
|
Yu R, Li X, Zhang P, Xu M, Zhao J, Yan J, Chenli Qiu, Shu J, Zhang S, Miaomiao Kang, Zhang X, Xu J, Zhang S. Integration of HiBiT into enteroviruses: A universal tool for advancing enterovirus virology research. Virol Sin 2024; 39:422-433. [PMID: 38499155 DOI: 10.1016/j.virs.2024.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The utilization of enteroviruses engineered with reporter genes serves as a valuable tool for advancing our understanding of enterovirus biology and its applications, enabling the development of effective therapeutic and preventive strategies. In this study, our initial attempts to introduce a NanoLuc luciferase (NLuc) reporter gene into recombinant enteroviruses were unsuccessful in rescuing viable progenies. We hypothesized that the size of the inserted tag might be a determining factor in the rescue of the virus. Therefore, we inserted the 11-amino-acid HiBiT tag into the genomes of enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10), coxsackievirus A7 (CVA7), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), namely EV-A71-HiBiT, CVA16-HiBiT, CVA10-HiBiT, CVA7-HiBiT, and observed that the HiBiT-tagged viruses exhibited remarkably high rescue efficiency. Notably, the HiBiT-tagged enteroviruses displayed comparable characteristics to the wild-type viruses. A direct comparison between CVA16-NLuc and CVA16-HiBiT recombinant viruses revealed that the tiny HiBiT insertion had minimal impact on virus infectivity and replication kinetics. Moreover, these HiBiT-tagged enteroviruses demonstrated high genetic stability in different cell lines over multiple passages. In addition, the HiBiT-tagged viruses were successfully tested in antiviral drug assays, and the sensitivity of the viruses to drugs was not affected by the HiBiT tag. Ultimately, our findings provide definitive evidence that the integration of HiBiT into enteroviruses presents a universal, convenient, and invaluable method for advancing research in the realm of enterovirus virology. Furthermore, HiBiT-tagged enteroviruses exhibit great potential for diverse applications, including the development of antivirals and the elucidation of viral infection mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yu
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiaohong Li
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510530, China
| | - Minghao Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jitong Zhao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jingjing Yan
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China
| | - Chenli Qiu
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China; Shanghai Geriatric Medical Center, Shanghai, 201104, China
| | - Jiayi Shu
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital/Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen), Fudan University, 361015, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Shuye Zhang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China; Clinical Center for Biotherapy, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Okura T, Miyakawa K, Tahara M, Someya K, Seki F, Nishi M, Otsuki N, Ryo A. Rapid quantitative detection system for measles virus-neutralizing antibodies using HiBiT-tagged virus-like particles. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:160-164. [PMID: 38414102 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Immunological testing to detect neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) is important in measles (MV) infection control. Currently, the plaque reduction neutralization test is the only credible method for measuring actual virus NAbs; however, its feasibility is hampered by drawbacks, such as long turnaround times, low throughput, and the need for laboratory biosafety equipment. To solve these problems, we developed a simple and rapid MV-NAb detection system using lentivirus-based virus-like particles incorporated with the NanoLuc fragment peptide HiBiT comprising the MV fusion protein and hemagglutinin on their exterior surface. Overall, this simple, safe, and rapid method could be used to detect MV NAbs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Okura
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Maino Tahara
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Someya
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumio Seki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Otsuki
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Virology 3, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shizukuishi S, Ogawa M, Kuroda E, Hamaguchi S, Sakuma C, Kakuta S, Tanida I, Uchiyama Y, Akeda Y, Ryo A, Ohnishi M. Pneumococcal sialidase promotes bacterial survival by fine-tuning of pneumolysin-mediated membrane disruption. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113962. [PMID: 38483905 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pneumolysin (Ply) is an indispensable cholesterol-dependent cytolysin for pneumococcal infection. Although Ply-induced disruption of pneumococci-containing endosomal vesicles is a prerequisite for the evasion of endolysosomal bacterial clearance, its potent activity can be a double-edged sword, having a detrimental effect on bacterial survivability by inducing severe endosomal disruption, bactericidal autophagy, and scaffold epithelial cell death. Thus, Ply activity must be maintained at optimal levels. We develop a highly sensitive assay to monitor endosomal disruption using NanoBiT-Nanobody, which shows that the pneumococcal sialidase NanA can fine-tune Ply activity by trimming sialic acid from cell-membrane-bound glycans. In addition, oseltamivir, an influenza A virus sialidase inhibitor, promotes Ply-induced endosomal disruption and cytotoxicity by inhibiting NanA activity in vitro and greater tissue damage and bacterial clearance in vivo. Our findings provide a foundation for innovative therapeutic strategies for severe pneumococcal infections by exploiting the duality of Ply activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sayaka Shizukuishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Michinaga Ogawa
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Eisuke Kuroda
- Department of Transformative Infection Control Development Studies, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigeto Hamaguchi
- Division of Fostering Required Medical Human Resources, Center for Infectious Disease Education and Research (CiDER), Osaka University, Osaka, Japan; Department of Transformative Analysis for Human Specimen, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan; Division of Infection Control and Prevention, Osaka University Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chisato Sakuma
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Biomedical Research Core Facilities, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Isei Tanida
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuo Uchiyama
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Research Institute for Diseases of Old Age, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan; Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Behbahanipour M, Benoit R, Navarro S, Ventura S. OligoBinders: Bioengineered Soluble Amyloid-like Nanoparticles to Bind and Neutralize SARS-CoV-2. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:11444-11457. [PMID: 36890692 PMCID: PMC9969896 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c18305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has become a primary health concern. Molecules that prevent viral entry into host cells by interfering with the interaction between SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and the human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor (ACE2r) opened a promising avenue for virus neutralization. Here, we aimed to create a novel kind of nanoparticle that can neutralize SARS-CoV-2. To this purpose, we exploited a modular self-assembly strategy to engineer OligoBinders, soluble oligomeric nanoparticles decorated with two miniproteins previously described to bind to the S protein receptor binding domain (RBD) with high affinity. The multivalent nanostructures compete with the RBD-ACE2r interaction and neutralize SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles (SC2-VLPs) with IC50 values in the pM range, preventing SC2-VLPs fusion with the membrane of ACE2r-expressing cells. Moreover, OligoBinders are biocompatible and significantly stable in plasma. Overall, we describe a novel protein-based nanotechnology that might find application in SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics and diagnostics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Molood Behbahanipour
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Benoit
- Laboratory
of Nanoscale Biology, Division of Biology and Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Susanna Navarro
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Ventura
- Institut
de Biotecnologia i de Biomedicina (IBB) and Departament de Bioquímica
i Biologia Molecular, Universitat Autònoma
de Barcelona, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pandey SK, Mohanta GC, Kumar V, Gupta K. Diagnostic Tools for Rapid Screening and Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:1200. [PMID: 36016088 PMCID: PMC9414050 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has severely impacted human health and the health management system globally. The ongoing pandemic has required the development of more effective diagnostic strategies for restricting deadly disease. For appropriate disease management, accurate and rapid screening and isolation of the affected population is an efficient means of containment and the decimation of the disease. Therefore, considerable efforts are being directed toward the development of rapid and robust diagnostic techniques for respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV-2. In this article, we have summarized the origin, transmission, and various diagnostic techniques utilized for the detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These higher-end techniques can also detect the virus copy number in asymptomatic samples. Furthermore, emerging rapid, cost-effective, and point-of-care diagnostic devices capable of large-scale population screening for COVID-19 are discussed. Finally, some breakthrough developments based on spectroscopic diagnosis that could revolutionize the field of rapid diagnosis are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Mizoram University (Central University), Aizawl 796004, India
| | - Girish C. Mohanta
- Materials Science and Sensor Applications, CSIR-Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR-CSIO), Chandigarh 160030, India;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Leprology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research, Chandigarh 160012, India;
| | - Kuldeep Gupta
- Russel H. Morgan, Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Roessler J, Pich D, Albanese M, Wratil PR, Krähling V, Hellmuth JC, Scherer C, von Bergwelt-Baildon M, Becker S, Keppler OT, Brisson A, Zeidler R, Hammerschmidt W. Quantitation of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies with a virus-free, authentic test. PNAS NEXUS 2022; 1:pgac045. [PMID: 36382127 PMCID: PMC9645495 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgac045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs), and their concentration in sera of convalescents and vaccinees are a correlate of protection from COVID-19. The antibody concentrations in clinical samples that neutralize SARS-CoV-2 are difficult and very cumbersome to assess with conventional virus neutralization tests (cVNTs), which require work with the infectious virus and biosafety level 3 containment precautions. Alternative virus neutralization tests currently in use are mostly surrogate tests based on direct or competitive enzyme immunoassays or use viral vectors with the spike protein as the single structural component of SARS-CoV-2. To overcome these obstacles, we developed a virus-free, safe and very fast (4.5 h) in vitro diagnostic test based on engineered yet authentic SARS-CoV-2 virus-like-particles (VLPs). They share all features of the original SARS-CoV-2 but lack the viral RNA genome and thus are non-infectious. NAbs induced by infection or vaccination, but also potentially neutralizing monoclonal antibodies can be reliably quantified and assessed with ease and within hours with our test, because they interfere and block the ACE2-mediated uptake of VLPs by recipient cells. Results from the VLP neutralization test (VLPNT) showed excellent specificity and sensitivity and correlated very well with a cVNT using fully infectious SARS-CoV-2. The results also demonstrated the reduced neutralizing capacity of COVID-19 vaccinee sera against variants of concern of SARS-CoV-2 including omicron B.1.1.529, BA.1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Roessler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Dagmar Pich
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Manuel Albanese
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul R Wratil
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Verena Krähling
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Johannes C Hellmuth
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Clemens Scherer
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael von Bergwelt-Baildon
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Becker
- Institute of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Giessen-Marburg-Langen, Marburg, Germany
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- COVID-19 Registry of the LMU Munich (CORKUM), University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Alain Brisson
- UMR-CBMN CNRS-University of Bordeaux-INP, Pessac, France
| | - Reinhard Zeidler
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hammerschmidt
- Research Unit Gene Vectors, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Jeremiah SS, Miyakawa K, Ryo A. Detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing immunity: highlighting the potential of split nanoluciferase technology. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6567849. [PMID: 35416249 PMCID: PMC9387144 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has progressed over 2 years since its onset causing significant health concerns all over the world and is currently curtailed by mass vaccination. Immunity acquired against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be following either infection or vaccination. However, one can never be sure whether the acquired immunity is adequate to protect the individual from subsequent infection because of three important factors: individual variations in humoral response dynamics, waning of protective antibodies over time, and the emergence of immune escape mutants. Therefore, a test that can accurately differentiate the protected from the vulnerable is the need of the hour. The plaque reduction neutralization assay is the conventional gold standard test for estimating the titers of neutralizing antibodies that confer protection. However, it has got several drawbacks, which hinder the practical application of this test for wide-scale usage. Hence, various tests have been developed to detect protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that directly or indirectly assess the presence of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a lower biosafety setting. In this review, the pros and cons of the currently available assays are elaborated in detail and special focus is put on the scope of the novel split nanoluciferase technology for detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Koyama T, Miyakawa K, Tokumasu R, S Jeremiah S, Kudo M, Ryo A. Evasion of vaccine-induced humoral immunity by emerging sub-variants of SARS-CoV-2. Future Microbiol 2022; 17:417-424. [PMID: 35350884 PMCID: PMC8966691 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2022-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Emergence of vaccine-escaping SARS-CoV-2 variants is a serious problem for global public health. The currently rampant Omicron has been shown to possess remarkable vaccine escape; however, the selection pressure exerted by vaccines might pave the way for other escape mutants in the near future. Materials & methods: For detection of neutralizing antibodies, the authors used the recently developed HiBiT-based virus-like particle neutralization test system. Sera after vaccination (two doses of Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine) were used to evaluate the neutralizing activity against various strains of SARS-CoV-2. Results: Beta+R346K, which was identified in the Philippines in August 2021, exhibited the highest vaccine resistance among the tested mutants. Surprisingly, Mu+K417N mutant exhibited almost no decrease in neutralization. Imdevimab retained efficacy against these strains. Conclusions: Mutations outside the receptor-binding domain contributed to vaccine escape. Both genomic surveillance and phenotypic analysis synergistically accelerate identifications of vaccine-escaping strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiko Koyama
- IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY 10583, USA
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Yamaoka Y, Koyama T, Tokumasu R, Kudo M, Kato H, Ryo A. Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of Emerging Immune-Escape Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:811004. [PMID: 35223905 PMCID: PMC8866700 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.811004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The successive emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has presented a major challenge in the management of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. There are growing concerns regarding the emerging variants escaping vaccines or therapeutic neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we conducted an epidemiological survey to identify SARS-CoV-2 variants that are sporadically proliferating in vaccine-advanced countries. Subsequently, we created HiBiT-tagged virus-like particles displaying spike proteins derived from the variants to analyze the neutralizing efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and several therapeutic antibodies. We found that the Mu variant and a derivative of the Delta strain with E484K and N501Y mutations significantly evaded vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies. This trend was also observed in the Beta and Gamma variants, although they are currently not prevalent. Although 95.2% of the vaccinees exhibited prominent neutralizing activity against the prototype strain, only 73.8 and 78.6% of the vaccinees exhibited neutralizing activity against the Mu and the Delta derivative variants, respectively. A long-term analysis showed that 88.8% of the vaccinees initially exhibited strong neutralizing activity against the currently circulating Delta strain; the number decreased to 31.6% for the individuals at 6 months after vaccination. Notably, these variants were shown to be resistant to several therapeutic antibodies. Our findings demonstrate the differential neutralization efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine and monoclonal antibodies against circulating variants, suggesting the need for pandemic alerts and booster vaccinations against the currently prevalent variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kei Miyakawa
| | | | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Koyama
- International Business Machines Corporation Thomas J. Watson Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Akihide Ryo
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Miyakawa K, Kubo S, Stanleyraj Jeremiah S, Go H, Yamaoka Y, Ohtake N, Kato H, Ikeda S, Mihara T, Matsuba I, Sanno N, Miyakawa M, Shinkai M, Miyazaki T, Ogura T, Ito S, Kaneko T, Yamamoto K, Goto A, Ryo A. Persistence of Robust Humoral Immune Response in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Convalescent Individuals Over 12 Months After Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 9:ofab626. [PMID: 35071683 PMCID: PMC8689844 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicits varying degrees of protective immunity conferred by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). In this study, we report the persistence of nAb responses over 12 months after infection despite their decreasing trend noticed from 6 months. Methods The study included sera from 497 individuals who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 between January and August 2020. Samples were collected at 6 and 12 months after onset. The titers of immunoglobulin (Ig)G to the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. The nAb titer was determined using lentivirus-based pseudovirus or authentic virus. Results Antibody titers of NP-IgG, RBD-IgG, and nAbs were higher in severe and moderate cases than in mild cases at 12 months after onset. Although the nAb levels were likely to confer adequate protection against wild-type viral infection, the neutralization activity to recently circulating variants in some of the mild cases (~30%) was undermined, implying the susceptibility to reinfection with the variants of concerns (VOCs). Conclusions Coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals have robust humoral immunity even at 12 months after infection albeit that the medical history and background of patients could affect the function and dynamics of antibody response to the VOCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sousuke Kubo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Go
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ohtake
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Bioscience Division, Research and Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Tokyo Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mihara
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaaki Miyakawa
- Miyakawa Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan
- Japan Medical Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shinkai
- Division of Internal Medicine, Tokyo-Shinagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Yamamoto
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Deng M, Yuan J, Yang H, Wu X, Wei X, Du Y, Wong G, Tao Y, Liu G, Jin Z, Chu J. A Genetically Encoded Bioluminescent System for Fast and Highly Sensitive Detection of Antibodies with a Bright Green Fluorescent Protein. ACS NANO 2021; 15:17602-17612. [PMID: 34726889 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c05164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A method for fast and highly sensitive detection of antibodies in serum would greatly facilitate the early diagnosis of disease and infection and dose optimization of therapeutic antibody. Bioluminescence detection with LUMABS (renamed mNeonG-LUMABS, where mNeonG is short for mNeonGreen) sensors based on bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) between blue-emitting luciferase Nluc and green fluorescent protein (FP) mNeonGreen has been demonstrated to enable fast detection of antibodies directly in serum with reasonable sensitivity. However, some mNeonG-LUMABS sensors exhibit low sensitivity, and thus, sensitivity improvement remains imperative. Here, we report a bright green FP, Clover4, obtained by structure-guided mutagenesis of green FP Clover. Despite similar brightness and fluorescence spectra of Clover and mNeonGreen, Clover4-LUMABS sensors exhibit a largely increased dynamic range (maximum 20-fold) and much lower limit of detection (LOD) (maximum 5.6-fold), most likely because Clover4 is positioned in a more parallel orientation to Nluc in LUMABS. Due to modular design, Clover4-LUMABS offers a general BRET system for fast and highly sensitive antibody detection in serum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jing Yuan
- Institute of Systems and Physical Biology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Haibin Yang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
- Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Xuli Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | | | - Yang Du
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Kobilka Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Garry Wong
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Yuyong Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Membrane-less Organelles & Cellular Dynamics, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Comparative study of SmartAmp assay and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction by saliva specimen for the diagnosing COVID-19. J Infect Chemother 2021; 28:120-123. [PMID: 34580006 PMCID: PMC8452504 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The pandemic of a novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by a severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has been problematic worldwide. A new SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic test (SmartAmp) was licensed in Japan in July 2021. This method, which enables us to diagnose COVID-19 as well as a gene mutation on the virus, is promising to reduce medical costs and staff labor. PATIENTS AND METHODS To analyze the diagnostic accuracy of the SmartAmp assay for diagnosing COVID-19, we performed this retrospective study at our institute during April and May 2021. We compared the results of the SmartAmp assay and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) using a saliva sample from individuals suspected as having COVID-19. RESULTS Out of 70 samples tested, the SmartAmp assay had 50 (71%) positive and 20 (29%) negative results. Using rRT-PCR as a reference, the diagnostic accuracy displayed a sensitivity of 84%, a specificity of 95%, a positive predictive value of 97.7%, and a negative predictive value of 70.4%. On the other hand, false-negative cases were found in 7 (10%), and there was no significant difference of Ct-value between true positive and false negative cases (Mean Ct-value 25.2 vs. 27.5 cycles, p = 0.226 by Mann-Whitney U test). CONCLUSION The SmartAmp assay is a valuable method to diagnose COVID-19 rapidly. However, the negative predictive value is not high enough to diagnose the disease, so that negative results should be considered for rRT-PCR testing if patients are suspected of having COVID-19.
Collapse
|
13
|
Miyakawa K, Stanleyraj JS, Kato H, Yamaoka Y, Go H, Yajima S, Shimada T, Mihara T, Goto A, Yamanaka T, Ryo A. Rapid detection of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 variants in post-vaccination sera. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:918-920. [PMID: 34450642 PMCID: PMC8800509 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Go
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yajima
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoko Shimada
- Nursing Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mihara
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Goto A, Go H, Miyakawa K, Yamaoka Y, Ohtake N, Kubo S, Jeremiah SS, Mihara T, Senuki K, Miyazaki T, Ikeda S, Ogura T, Kato H, Matsuba I, Sanno N, Miyakawa M, Ozaki H, Kikuoka M, Ohashi Y, Ryo A, Yamanaka T. Sustained Neutralizing Antibodies 6 Months Following Infection in 376 Japanese COVID-19 Survivors. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661187. [PMID: 34025615 PMCID: PMC8137897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: There is scarce evidence regarding the long-term persistence of neutralizing antibodies among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors. This study determined neutralizing antibody titers (NT50) and antibodies against spike protein (SP) or nucleocapsid protein (NP) antigens approximately 6 months after the diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: COVID-19 survivors in Japan were recruited. Serum samples and data related to patients' characteristics and COVID-19 history were collected. NT50 and titers of antibodies against NP and SP antigens were measured at 20-32 weeks after the first positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results. Factors associated with NT50 were identified using the multivariable linear regression and the correlations among NT50 and titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total immunoglobulins (Igs) against NP and SP were assessed by Spearman's correlation. Results: Among 376 participants (median [range] days after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 180 (147-224); median [range] years of age, 50 (20-78); 188 [50%] male), most tested positive for NT50 (n = 367, 98%), SP-IgG (n = 344, 91%), SP-total Ig (n = 369, 98%), NP-IgG (n = 314, 84%), and NP-total Ig (n = 365, 97%). Regression analysis indicated that higher BMI, fever, and the requirement of mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were significantly associated with higher NT50. Anti-SP antibodies correlated moderately with NT50 (Spearman's correlation: 0.63 for SP IgG; 0.57 for SP-total Ig), while the correlation was weak for anti-NP antibodies (0.37 for NP IgG; 0.32 for NP-total Ig). Conclusions: Most COVID-19 survivors had sustained neutralizing antibodies and tested positive for SP-total Ig and NP-total Ig approximately 6 months after infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Goto
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Go
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ohtake
- Bioscience Division, Research and Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Tokyo Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sousuke Kubo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Mihara
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Senuki
- YCU Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Cantoni D, Mayora-Neto M, Temperton N. The role of pseudotype neutralization assays in understanding SARS CoV-2. OXFORD OPEN IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 2:iqab005. [PMID: 33738456 PMCID: PMC7928640 DOI: 10.1093/oxfimm/iqab005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Cantoni
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, ME7 4TB, UK
| | - Martin Mayora-Neto
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, ME7 4TB, UK
| | - Nigel Temperton
- Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, ME7 4TB, UK,Correspondence address. Viral Pseudotype Unit, Medway School of Pharmacy, The Universities of Kent and Greenwich at Medway, Chatham, ME4 4TB, UK. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Neerukonda SN, Vassell R, Herrup R, Liu S, Wang T, Takeda K, Yang Y, Lin TL, Wang W, Weiss CD. Establishment of a well-characterized SARS-CoV-2 lentiviral pseudovirus neutralization assay using 293T cells with stable expression of ACE2 and TMPRSS2. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248348. [PMID: 33690649 PMCID: PMC7946320 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudoviruses are useful surrogates for highly pathogenic viruses because of their safety, genetic stability, and scalability for screening assays. Many different pseudovirus platforms exist, each with different advantages and limitations. Here we report our efforts to optimize and characterize an HIV-based lentiviral pseudovirus assay for screening neutralizing antibodies for SARS-CoV-2 using a stable 293T cell line expressing human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2). We assessed different target cells, established conditions that generate readouts over at least a two-log range, and confirmed consistent neutralization titers over a range of pseudovirus input. Using reference sera and plasma panels, we evaluated assay precision and showed that our neutralization titers correlate well with results reported in other assays. Overall, our lentiviral assay is relatively simple, scalable, and suitable for a variety of SARS-CoV-2 entry and neutralization screening assays.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabari Nath Neerukonda
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Russell Vassell
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rachel Herrup
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Shufeng Liu
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tony Wang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kazuyo Takeda
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Blood Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ye Yang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tsai-Lien Lin
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Wei Wang
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carol D. Weiss
- US Food and Drug Administration, Office of Vaccine Research and Review, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research and Review, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Focosi D, Maggi F, Mazzetti P, Pistello M. Viral infection neutralization tests: A focus on severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 with implications for convalescent plasma therapy. Rev Med Virol 2021; 31:e2170. [PMID: 33350017 PMCID: PMC7536930 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Viral neutralization tests (VNTs) have long been considered old-fashioned tricks in the armamentarium of fundamental virology, with laboratory implementation for a limited array of viruses only. Nevertheless, they represent the most reliable surrogate of potency for passive immunotherapies, such as monoclonal or polyclonal antibody therapy. The recent interest around therapy with convalescent plasma or monoclonal antibodies for the Covid-19 pandemic has paralleled the revival of VNTs. We review here the available methods by dissecting variations for each fundamental component of the VNT (i.e., virus type and dose, replication-competent cell line, serum, and detection system).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North‐Western Tuscany Blood BankPisa University HospitalPisaItaly
| | | | | | - Mauro Pistello
- Department of Translational ResearchUniversity of PisaPisaItaly
| |
Collapse
|