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Jeremiah SS, Moin ASM, Butler AE. Virus-induced diabetes mellitus, revisiting infection etiology in light of SARS-CoV-2. Metabolism 2024:155917. [PMID: 38642828 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2024.155917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is comprised of two predominant subtypes: type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), accounting for approximately 5 % of cases worldwide and resulting from autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing β-cells, and type 2 (T2DM), accounting for approximately 95 % of cases globally and characterized by the inability of pancreatic β-cells to meet the demand for insulin due to a relative β-cell deficit in the setting of peripheral insulin resistance. Both types of DM involve derangement of glucose metabolism and are metabolic diseases generally considered to be initiated by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Viruses have been reported to play a role as infectious etiological factors in the initiation of both types of DM in predisposed individuals. Among the reported viral infections causing DM in humans, the most studied include coxsackie B virus, cytomegalovirus and hepatitis C virus. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the diabetogenic potential of SARS-CoV-2, rekindling interest in the field of virus-induced diabetes (VID). This review discusses the reported mechanisms of viral-induced DM, addressing emerging concepts in VID, as well as highlighting areas where knowledge is lacking, and further investigation is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abu Saleh Md Moin
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain.
| | - Alexandra E Butler
- Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland - Medical University of Bahrain, Busaiteen, Kingdom of Bahrain.
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Miyakawa K, Kato H, Ohtake N, Jeremiah SS, Ryo A. Enhancement of Humoral and Cellular Immunity Against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by a Third Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine in Japanese Healthcare Workers. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:221-225. [PMID: 35978486 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The Omicron variant of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has raised concerns regarding vaccine effectiveness. We investigated humoral and cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers before and after a third (booster) dose of the BNT162b2 messenger RNA vaccine. It significantly enhanced both humoral and cellular immunity in previously uninfected individuals. However, cellular immunity was not enhanced in previously infected persons, suggesting that 3 antigenic stimuli by vaccination or natural infection reached a plateau of cellular immunity. Even with reinforced immunity to SARS-CoV-2, we confirmed several postbooster breakthrough cases caused by the Omicron variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ohtake
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa, Japan.,Bioscience Division, Research and Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Tokyo Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Jeremiah SS, Miyakawa K, Ryo A. Detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing immunity: highlighting the potential of split nanoluciferase technology. J Mol Cell Biol 2022; 14:6567849. [PMID: 35416249 PMCID: PMC9387144 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjac023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has progressed over 2 years since its onset causing significant health concerns all over the world and is currently curtailed by mass vaccination. Immunity acquired against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can be following either infection or vaccination. However, one can never be sure whether the acquired immunity is adequate to protect the individual from subsequent infection because of three important factors: individual variations in humoral response dynamics, waning of protective antibodies over time, and the emergence of immune escape mutants. Therefore, a test that can accurately differentiate the protected from the vulnerable is the need of the hour. The plaque reduction neutralization assay is the conventional gold standard test for estimating the titers of neutralizing antibodies that confer protection. However, it has got several drawbacks, which hinder the practical application of this test for wide-scale usage. Hence, various tests have been developed to detect protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2 that directly or indirectly assess the presence of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in a lower biosafety setting. In this review, the pros and cons of the currently available assays are elaborated in detail and special focus is put on the scope of the novel split nanoluciferase technology for detecting SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
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Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Ogawa M, Nishi M, Ohnishi M, Ryo A. Crosstalk between the innate immune system and selective autophagy in hepatitis B virus infection. Autophagy 2022; 18:2006-2007. [PMID: 35380913 PMCID: PMC9450967 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2059747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the involvement of macroautophagy/autophagy in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has become clearer recently, whether selective autophagy plays an important role in suppressing HBV remains uncertain. We recently found that LGALS9 (galectin 9) is an interferon (IFN)-inducible protein involved in the suppression of HBV replication. Expression of LGALS9 in HBV-infected cells causes the formation of cytoplasmic puncta that degrade the HBV core protein (HBc) in conjunction with RSAD2/viperin, another IFN-inducible protein. LGALS9 binds to HBc via RSAD2 and promotes the autoubiquitination of RNF13 (ring finger protein 13) to recruit SQSTM1/p62, resulting in the formation of LC3-positive autophagosomes that degrade HBc. Both LGALS9 and RSAD2 are encoded by IFN-stimulated genes that act synergistically to induce HBc proteolysis in HBV-infected hepatocytes in an IFN-dependent manner. These results reveal a crosstalk mechanism between the innate immune system and selective autophagy during viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Michinaga Ogawa
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Yamaoka Y, Koyama T, Tokumasu R, Kudo M, Kato H, Ryo A. Molecular and Epidemiological Characterization of Emerging Immune-Escape Variants of SARS-CoV-2. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:811004. [PMID: 35223905 PMCID: PMC8866700 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.811004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The successive emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants has presented a major challenge in the management of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. There are growing concerns regarding the emerging variants escaping vaccines or therapeutic neutralizing antibodies. In this study, we conducted an epidemiological survey to identify SARS-CoV-2 variants that are sporadically proliferating in vaccine-advanced countries. Subsequently, we created HiBiT-tagged virus-like particles displaying spike proteins derived from the variants to analyze the neutralizing efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine and several therapeutic antibodies. We found that the Mu variant and a derivative of the Delta strain with E484K and N501Y mutations significantly evaded vaccine-elicited neutralizing antibodies. This trend was also observed in the Beta and Gamma variants, although they are currently not prevalent. Although 95.2% of the vaccinees exhibited prominent neutralizing activity against the prototype strain, only 73.8 and 78.6% of the vaccinees exhibited neutralizing activity against the Mu and the Delta derivative variants, respectively. A long-term analysis showed that 88.8% of the vaccinees initially exhibited strong neutralizing activity against the currently circulating Delta strain; the number decreased to 31.6% for the individuals at 6 months after vaccination. Notably, these variants were shown to be resistant to several therapeutic antibodies. Our findings demonstrate the differential neutralization efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccine and monoclonal antibodies against circulating variants, suggesting the need for pandemic alerts and booster vaccinations against the currently prevalent variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kei Miyakawa
| | | | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiko Koyama
- International Business Machines Corporation Thomas J. Watson Research Center, New York, NY, United States
| | | | | | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Akihide Ryo
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Ino Y, Nishi M, Yamaoka Y, Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Osada M, Kimura Y, Ryo A. Phosphopeptide enrichment using Phos-tag technology reveals functional phosphorylation of the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2. J Proteomics 2022; 255:104501. [PMID: 35093569 PMCID: PMC8800104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorylation of viral proteins serves as a regulatory mechanism during the intracellular life cycle of infected viruses. There is therefore a pressing need to develop a method to efficiently purify and enrich phosphopeptides derived from viral particles in biological samples. In this study, we utilized Phos-tag technology to analyze the functional phosphorylation of the nucleocapsid protein (N protein; NP) of severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Viral particles were collected from culture supernatants of SARS-CoV-2-infected VeroE6/TMPRSS2 cells by ultracentrifugation, and phosphopeptides were purified by Phos-tag magnetic beads for LC-MS/MS analysis. Analysis revealed that NP was reproducibly phosphorylated at serine 79 (Ser79). Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis showed that the Ser79 was a distinct phospho-acceptor site in SARS-CoV-2 but not in other beta-coronaviruses. We also found that the prolyl-isomerase Pin1 bound to the phosphorylated Ser79 in NP and positively regulated the production of viral particles. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 may have acquired the potent virus-host interaction during its evolution mediated by viral protein phosphorylation. Moreover, Phos-tag technology can provide a useful means for analyzing the functional phosphorylation of viral proteins. Significance In this study, we aimed to investigate the functional phosphorylation of SARS-CoV-2 NP. For this purpose, we used Phos-tag technology to purify and enrich virus-derived phosphopeptides with high selectivity and reproducibility. This method can be particularly useful in analyzing viral phosphopeptides from cell culture supernatants that often contain high concentrations of fetal bovine serum and supplements. We newly identified an NP phosphorylation site at Ser79, which is important for Pin1 binding. Furthermore, we showed that the interaction between Pin1 and phosphorylated NP could enhance viral replication in a cell culture model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Ino
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Tonyamachi 1-7-1, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Suzukawa 21, Isehara-shi, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Makoto Osada
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Tonyamachi 1-7-1, Takasaki-shi, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Fukuura 3-9, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.
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Miyakawa K, Kubo S, Stanleyraj Jeremiah S, Go H, Yamaoka Y, Ohtake N, Kato H, Ikeda S, Mihara T, Matsuba I, Sanno N, Miyakawa M, Shinkai M, Miyazaki T, Ogura T, Ito S, Kaneko T, Yamamoto K, Goto A, Ryo A. Persistence of Robust Humoral Immune Response in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Convalescent Individuals Over 12 Months After Infection. Open Forum Infect Dis 2021; 9:ofab626. [PMID: 35071683 PMCID: PMC8689844 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofab626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection elicits varying degrees of protective immunity conferred by neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). In this study, we report the persistence of nAb responses over 12 months after infection despite their decreasing trend noticed from 6 months. Methods The study included sera from 497 individuals who had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 between January and August 2020. Samples were collected at 6 and 12 months after onset. The titers of immunoglobulin (Ig)G to the viral nucleocapsid protein (NP) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein were measured by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. The nAb titer was determined using lentivirus-based pseudovirus or authentic virus. Results Antibody titers of NP-IgG, RBD-IgG, and nAbs were higher in severe and moderate cases than in mild cases at 12 months after onset. Although the nAb levels were likely to confer adequate protection against wild-type viral infection, the neutralization activity to recently circulating variants in some of the mild cases (~30%) was undermined, implying the susceptibility to reinfection with the variants of concerns (VOCs). Conclusions Coronavirus disease 2019 convalescent individuals have robust humoral immunity even at 12 months after infection albeit that the medical history and background of patients could affect the function and dynamics of antibody response to the VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Sousuke Kubo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Hirofumi Go
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ohtake
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Bioscience Division, Research and Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Tokyo Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mihara
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | | | - Masaaki Miyakawa
- Miyakawa Internal Medicine and Pediatrics Clinic, Kanagawa, Japan
- Japan Medical Association, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaharu Shinkai
- Division of Internal Medicine, Tokyo-Shinagawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Shuichi Ito
- Department of Pediatrics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kouji Yamamoto
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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Morita T, Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Yamaoka Y, Sada M, Kuniyoshi T, Yang J, Kimura H, Ryo A. All-Trans Retinoic Acid Exhibits Antiviral Effect against SARS-CoV-2 by Inhibiting 3CLpro Activity. Viruses 2021; 13:1669. [PMID: 34452533 PMCID: PMC8402917 DOI: 10.3390/v13081669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of COVID-19 caused by SARS-CoV-2 continues to spread despite the global efforts taken to control it. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro), the major protease of SARS-CoV-2, is one of the most interesting targets for antiviral drug development because it is highly conserved among SARS-CoVs and plays an important role in viral replication. Herein, we developed high throughput screening for SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitor based on AlphaScreen. We screened 91 natural product compounds and found that all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), an FDA-approved drug, inhibited 3CLpro activity. The 3CLpro inhibitory effect of ATRA was confirmed in vitro by both immunoblotting and AlphaScreen with a 50% inhibition concentration (IC50) of 24.7 ± 1.65 µM. ATRA inhibited the replication of SARS-CoV-2 in VeroE6/TMPRSS2 and Calu-3 cells, with IC50 = 2.69 ± 0.09 µM in the former and 0.82 ± 0.01 µM in the latter. Further, we showed the anti-SARS-CoV-2 effect of ATRA on the currently circulating variants of concern (VOC); alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. These results suggest that ATRA may be considered as a potential therapeutic agent against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.M.); (K.M.); (S.S.J.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.M.); (K.M.); (S.S.J.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Sundararaj Stanleyraj Jeremiah
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.M.); (K.M.); (S.S.J.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.M.); (K.M.); (S.S.J.); (Y.Y.)
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara 259-1146, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Sada
- Advanced Medical Science Research Center, Gunma Paz University, Shibukawa 377-0008, Japan;
| | - Tomoko Kuniyoshi
- R&D Department, TOKIWA Phytochemical Co., Ltd., Sakura, Chiba 285-0801, Japan; (T.K.); (J.Y.)
| | - Jinwei Yang
- R&D Department, TOKIWA Phytochemical Co., Ltd., Sakura, Chiba 285-0801, Japan; (T.K.); (J.Y.)
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School, Takasaki 370-0006, Japan;
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan; (T.M.); (K.M.); (S.S.J.); (Y.Y.)
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Funabashi R, Miyakawa K, Yamaoka Y, Yoshimura S, Yamane S, Jeremiah SS, Shimizu K, Ozawa H, Kawakami C, Usuku S, Tanaka N, Yamazaki E, Kimura H, Hasegawa H, Ryo A. Development of highly sensitive and rapid antigen detection assay for diagnosis of COVID-19 utilizing optical waveguide immunosensor. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 13:763-766. [PMID: 34165565 PMCID: PMC8344664 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjab037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rikako Funabashi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan.,Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Seiko Yoshimura
- Primary Care Testing Solution Development Department, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Yamane
- Primary Care Testing Solution Development Department, Canon Medical Systems Corporation, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | - Kohei Shimizu
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | | | - Shuzo Usuku
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tanaka
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Etsuko Yamazaki
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- Department of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
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10
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Yamaoka Y, Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Funabashi R, Okudela K, Kikuchi S, Katada J, Wada A, Takei T, Nishi M, Shimizu K, Ozawa H, Usuku S, Kawakami C, Tanaka N, Morita T, Hayashi H, Mitsui H, Suzuki K, Aizawa D, Yoshimura Y, Miyazaki T, Yamazaki E, Suzuki T, Kimura H, Shimizu H, Okabe N, Hasegawa H, Ryo A. Highly specific monoclonal antibodies and epitope identification against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein for antigen detection tests. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100311. [PMID: 34027498 PMCID: PMC8126173 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is a major global public health concern. Although rapid point-of-care testing for detecting viral antigen is important for management of the outbreak, the current antigen tests are less sensitive than nucleic acid testing. In our current study, we produce monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that exclusively react with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and exhibit no cross-reactivity with other human coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV. Molecular modeling suggests that the mAbs bind to epitopes present on the exterior surface of the nucleocapsid, making them suitable for detecting SARS-CoV-2 in clinical samples. We further select the optimal pair of anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) mAbs using ELISA and then use this mAb pair to develop immunochromatographic assay augmented with silver amplification technology. Our mAbs recognize the variants of concern (501Y.V1-V3) that are currently in circulation. Because of their high performance, the mAbs of this study can serve as good candidates for developing antigen detection kits for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | | | - Rikako Funabashi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Koji Okudela
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kikuchi
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Junichi Katada
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8538, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Wada
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8538, Japan
| | - Toshiki Takei
- Medical Systems Research & Development Center, FUJIFILM Corporation, Kaisei, Kanagawa 258-8538, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kohei Shimizu
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Shuzo Usuku
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Chiharu Kawakami
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Nobuko Tanaka
- Yokohama City Institute of Public Health, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0051, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hayashi
- Division of Pathology, Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0855, Japan
| | - Hideaki Mitsui
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Keita Suzuki
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Daisuke Aizawa
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Isehara, Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Yoshimura
- Division of Infectious Disease, Yokohama Municipal Citizen’s Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 221-0855, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Etsuko Yamazaki
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Takasaki, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Hideaki Shimizu
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Okabe
- Division of Virology, Kawasaki City Institute for Public Health, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0821, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Center for Influenza and Respiratory Virus Research, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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11
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Goto A, Go H, Miyakawa K, Yamaoka Y, Ohtake N, Kubo S, Jeremiah SS, Mihara T, Senuki K, Miyazaki T, Ikeda S, Ogura T, Kato H, Matsuba I, Sanno N, Miyakawa M, Ozaki H, Kikuoka M, Ohashi Y, Ryo A, Yamanaka T. Sustained Neutralizing Antibodies 6 Months Following Infection in 376 Japanese COVID-19 Survivors. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:661187. [PMID: 34025615 PMCID: PMC8137897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.661187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: There is scarce evidence regarding the long-term persistence of neutralizing antibodies among coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors. This study determined neutralizing antibody titers (NT50) and antibodies against spike protein (SP) or nucleocapsid protein (NP) antigens approximately 6 months after the diagnosis of COVID-19. Methods: COVID-19 survivors in Japan were recruited. Serum samples and data related to patients' characteristics and COVID-19 history were collected. NT50 and titers of antibodies against NP and SP antigens were measured at 20-32 weeks after the first positive severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) test results. Factors associated with NT50 were identified using the multivariable linear regression and the correlations among NT50 and titers of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and total immunoglobulins (Igs) against NP and SP were assessed by Spearman's correlation. Results: Among 376 participants (median [range] days after testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, 180 (147-224); median [range] years of age, 50 (20-78); 188 [50%] male), most tested positive for NT50 (n = 367, 98%), SP-IgG (n = 344, 91%), SP-total Ig (n = 369, 98%), NP-IgG (n = 314, 84%), and NP-total Ig (n = 365, 97%). Regression analysis indicated that higher BMI, fever, and the requirement of mechanical ventilation or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation were significantly associated with higher NT50. Anti-SP antibodies correlated moderately with NT50 (Spearman's correlation: 0.63 for SP IgG; 0.57 for SP-total Ig), while the correlation was weak for anti-NP antibodies (0.37 for NP IgG; 0.32 for NP-total Ig). Conclusions: Most COVID-19 survivors had sustained neutralizing antibodies and tested positive for SP-total Ig and NP-total Ig approximately 6 months after infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Goto
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Go
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co, Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ohtake
- Bioscience Division, Research and Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Tokyo Research Center, Kanagawa, Japan
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Sousuke Kubo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Takahiro Mihara
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kotaro Senuki
- YCU Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Miyazaki
- Department of Physiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ikeda
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hideaki Kato
- Infection Prevention and Control Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasuo Ohashi
- Department of Integrated Science and Engineering for Sustainable Society, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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12
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Jeremiah SS, Miyakawa K, Matsunaga S, Nishi M, Kudoh A, Takaoka A, Sawasaki T, Ryo A. Cleavage of TANK-Binding Kinase 1 by HIV-1 Protease Triggers Viral Innate Immune Evasion. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:643407. [PMID: 33986734 PMCID: PMC8110901 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.643407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-I interferons (IFN-I) are the innate immune system’s principal defense against viral infections. Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) has evolved several ways to suppress or evade the host’s innate immunity in order to survive and replicate to sustain infection. Suppression of IFN-I is one among the multiple escape strategies used by HIV-1 to prevent its clearance. HIV-1 protease which helps in viral maturation has also been observed to cleave host cellular protein kinases. In this study we performed a comprehensive screening of a human kinase library using AlphaScreen assay and identified that TANK binding kinase-1 (TBK1) was cleaved by HIV-1 protease (PR). We demonstrate that PR cleaved TBK1 fails to phosphorylate IFN regulatory factor 3 (IRF3), thereby reducing the IFN-I promoter activity and further reveal that the PR mediated suppression of IFN-I could be counteracted by protease inhibitors (PI) in vitro. We have also revealed that mutations of HIV-1 PR that confer drug resistance to PIs reduce the enzyme’s ability to cleave TBK1. The findings of this study unearth a direct link between HIV-1 PR activity and evasion of innate immunity by the virus, the possible physiological relevance of which warrants to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ayumi Kudoh
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akinori Takaoka
- Division of Signaling in Cancer and Immunology, Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Sawasaki
- Division of Cell-Free Life Science, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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13
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Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Ohtake N, Matsunaga S, Yamaoka Y, Nishi M, Morita T, Saji R, Nishii M, Kimura H, Hasegawa H, Takeuchi I, Ryo A. Rapid quantitative screening assay for SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using HiBiT-tagged virus-like particles. J Mol Cell Biol 2021; 12:987-990. [PMID: 32931563 PMCID: PMC7543420 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjaa047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | | | - Norihisa Ohtake
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.,Bioscience Division, Reagent Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Kanagawa 252-1123, Japan
| | - Satoko Matsunaga
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.,Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa 259-1146, Japan
| | - Mayuko Nishi
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takeshi Morita
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Ryo Saji
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mototsugu Nishii
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kimura
- School of Medical Technology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Gunma Paz University, Gunma 370-0006, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yokohama City University Hospital, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University School of Medicine, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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14
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Kubo S, Ohtake N, Miyakawa K, Jeremiah SS, Yamaoka Y, Murohashi K, Hagiwara E, Mihara T, Goto A, Yamazaki E, Ogura T, Kaneko T, Yamanaka T, Ryo A. Development of an Automated Chemiluminescence Assay System for Quantitative Measurement of Multiple Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies. Front Microbiol 2021; 11:628281. [PMID: 33519790 PMCID: PMC7843449 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.628281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Serological tests for COVID-19 have been instrumental in studying the epidemiology of the disease. However, the performance of the currently available tests is plagued by the problem of variability. We have developed a high-throughput serological test capable of simultaneously detecting total immunoglobulins (Ig) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) against nucleocapsid protein (NP) and spike protein (SP) and report its performance in detecting COVID-19 in clinical samples. Methods We designed and prepared reagents for measuring NP-IgG, NP-Total Ig, SP-IgG, and SP-Total Ig (using N-terminally truncated NP (ΔN-NP) or receptor-binding domain (RBD) antigen) dedicated automated chemiluminescent enzyme immunoassay analyzer AIA-CL1200. After determining the basal thresholds based on 17 sera obtained from confirmed COVID-19 patients and 600 negative sera, the clinical validity of the assay was evaluated using independent 202 positive samples and 1,000 negative samples from healthy donors. Results All of the four test parameters showed 100% specificity individually (1,000/1,000; 95%CI, 99.63–100). The sensitivity of the assay increased proportionally to the elapsed time from symptoms onset, and all the tests achieved 100% sensitivity (153/153; 95%CI, 97.63–100) after 13 days from symptoms onset. NP-Total Ig was the earliest to attain maximal sensitivity among the other antibodies tested. Conclusion Our newly developed serological testing exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity after 13 days from symptoms onset. Hence, it could be used as a reliable method for accurate detection of COVID-19 patients and to evaluate seroprevalence and possibly for surrogate assessment of herd immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousuke Kubo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Norihisa Ohtake
- Bioscience Division, Reagent Development Department, Tosoh Corporation, Kanagawa, Japan.,Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kei Miyakawa
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yutaro Yamaoka
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Life Science Laboratory, Technology and Development Division, Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kota Murohashi
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Eri Hagiwara
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Mihara
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Goto
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Etsuko Yamazaki
- Clinical Laboratory Department, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Ogura
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Kanagawa Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kaneko
- Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takeharu Yamanaka
- Department of Health Data Science, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Data Science, Yokohama, Japan.,Department of Biostatistics, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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15
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Akihide Ryo
- Department of Microbiology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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16
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Vijaykumar GS, Thilakavathy P, Jeremiah SS, Vithiya G. Osteomyelitis of Humerus and Intramuscular Abscess Due to Melioidosis. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2016; 14:184-185. [PMID: 28166079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Melioidosis is a clinically diverse disease caused by gram negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei. It is a potential bioterrorism agent. The high risk group includes the agricultural and construction workers whose contact with contaminated soil and water may expose them to bacteria. The clinical manifestations varies from asymptomatic infection to overwhelming sepsis. To diagnose melioidosis a high index of suspicion along with isolation and identification of the organism from the clinical samples is needed. Early diagnosis and treatment is essential for better outcome. We are reporting a case of melioidosis which presented as osteomyelitis of humerus with intramuscular abscess.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Vijaykumar
- Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical college Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
| | - P Thilakavathy
- Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical college Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
| | - S S Jeremiah
- Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical college Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
| | - G Vithiya
- Department of Microbiology, Velammal Medical college Hospital and Research Institute, Madurai, India
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17
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Jeremiah SS, Balaji V, Anandan S, Sahni RD. A possible alternative to the error prone modified Hodge test to correctly identify the carbapenemase producing Gram-negative bacteria. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 32:414-8. [PMID: 25297027 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.142258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT The modified Hodge test (MHT) is widely used as a screening test for the detection of carbapenemases in Gram-negative bacteria. This test has several pitfalls in terms of validity and interpretation. Also the test has a very low sensitivity in detecting the New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase (NDM). Considering the degree of dissemination of the NDM and the growing pandemic of carbapenem resistance, a more accurate alternative test is needed at the earliest. AIMS The study intends to compare the performance of the MHT with the commercially available Neo-Sensitabs - Carbapenemases/Metallo-β-Lactamase (MBL) Confirmative Identification pack to find out whether the latter could be an efficient alternative to the former. SETTINGS AND DESIGN A total of 105 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae resistant to imipenem and meropenem, collected prospectively over a period of 2 years were included in the study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS The study isolates were tested with the MHT, the Neo-Sensitabs - Carbapenemases/MBL Confirmative Identification pack and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting the blaNDM-1 gene. RESULTS Among the 105 isolates, the MHT identified 100 isolates as carbapenemase producers. In the five isolates negative for the MHT, four were found to produce MBLs by the Neo-Sensitabs. The Neo-Sensitabs did not have any false negatives when compared against the PCR. CONCLUSIONS The MHT can give false negative results, which lead to failure in detecting the carbapenemase producers. Also considering the other pitfalls of the MHT, the Neo-Sensitabs--Carbapenemases/MBL Confirmative Identification pack could be a more efficient alternative for detection of carbapenemase production in Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Balaji
- Department of Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India
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18
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Abstract
The increasing prevalence of multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens such as Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae poses a great challenge to the treating physicians. The paucity of newer effective antimicrobials has led to renewed interest in the polymyxin group of drugs, as a last resort for treatment of gram-negative bacterial infections. There is a dearth of information on the pharmacological properties of colistin, leading to difficulties in selecting the right dose, dosing interval, and route of administration for treatment, especially in critically-ill patients. The increasing use of colistin over the last few years necessitates the need for accurate and reliable in vitro susceptibility testing methods. Development of heteroresistant strains as a result of colistin monotherapy is also a growing concern. There is a compelling need from the clinicians to provide options for probable and possible colistin combination therapy for multidrug-resistant bacterial infections in the ICU setting. Newer combination drug synergy determination tests are being developed and reported. There are no standardized recommendations from antimicrobial susceptibility testing reference agencies for the testing and interpretation of these drug combinations. Comparison and analysis of these reported methodologies may help to understand and assist the microbiologist to choose the best method that produces accurate results at the earliest. This will help clinicians to select the appropriate combination therapy. In this era of multidrug resistance it is important for the microbiology laboratory to be prepared, by default, to provide timely synergistic susceptibility results in addition to routine susceptibility, if warranted. Not as a favour or at request, but as a responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Balaji
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Christian Medical College, Vellore - 632 004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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