1
|
Fare CM, Rothstein JD. Nuclear pore dysfunction and disease: a complex opportunity. Nucleus 2024; 15:2314297. [PMID: 38383349 PMCID: PMC10883112 DOI: 10.1080/19491034.2024.2314297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The separation of genetic material from bulk cytoplasm has enabled the evolution of increasingly complex organisms, allowing for the development of sophisticated forms of life. However, this complexity has created new categories of dysfunction, including those related to the movement of material between cellular compartments. In eukaryotic cells, nucleocytoplasmic trafficking is a fundamental biological process, and cumulative disruptions to nuclear integrity and nucleocytoplasmic transport are detrimental to cell survival. This is particularly true in post-mitotic neurons, where nuclear pore injury and errors to nucleocytoplasmic trafficking are strongly associated with neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of nuclear pore biology in physiological and pathological contexts and discuss potential therapeutic approaches for addressing nuclear pore injury and dysfunctional nucleocytoplasmic transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M Fare
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Department of Neurology and Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mayfield JM, Hitefield NL, Czajewski I, Vanhye L, Holden L, Morava E, van Aalten DMF, Wells L. O-GlcNAc Transferase Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG): Potential mechanistic targets revealed by evaluating the OGT interactome. J Biol Chem 2024:107599. [PMID: 39059494 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is the sole enzyme responsible for the post-translational modification O-GlcNAc on thousands of target nucleocytoplasmic proteins. To date, nine variants of OGT that segregate with OGT Congenital Disorder of Glycosylation (OGT-CDG) have been reported and characterized. Numerous additional variants have been associated with OGT-CDG, some of which are currently undergoing investigation. This disorder primarily presents with global developmental delay and intellectual disability (ID), alongside other variable neurological features and subtle facial dysmorphisms in patients. Several hypotheses aim to explain the etiology of OGT-CDG, with a prominent hypothesis attributing the pathophysiology of OGT-CDG to mutations segregating with this disorder disrupting the OGT interactome. The OGT interactome consists of thousands of proteins, including substrates as well as interactors that require noncatalytic functions of OGT. A key aim in the field is to identify which interactors and substrates contribute to the primarily neural-specific phenotype of OGT-CDG. In this review, we will discuss the heterogenous phenotypic features of OGT-CDG seen clinically, the variable biochemical effects of mutations associated with OGT-CDG, and the use of animal models to understand this disorder. Furthermore, we will discuss how previously identified OGT interactors causal for ID provide mechanistic targets for investigation that could explain the dysregulated gene expression seen in OGT-CDG models. Identifying shared or unique altered pathways impacted in OGT-CDG patients will provide a better understanding of the disorder as well as potential therapeutic targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johnathan M Mayfield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30605, United States of America
| | - Naomi L Hitefield
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30605, United States of America
| | - Ignacy Czajewski
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Lotte Vanhye
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Laura Holden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30605, United States of America
| | - Eva Morava
- Department of Clinical Genomics and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Daan M F van Aalten
- School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, 8000 Aarhus, DK.
| | - Lance Wells
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, 30605, United States of America.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yu H, Liu D, Zhang Y, Tang R, Fan X, Mao S, Lv L, Chen F, Qin H, Zhang Z, van Aalten DMF, Yang B, Yuan K. Tissue-specific O-GlcNAcylation profiling identifies substrates in translational machinery in Drosophila mushroom body contributing to olfactory learning. eLife 2024; 13:e91269. [PMID: 38619103 PMCID: PMC11018347 DOI: 10.7554/elife.91269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational modification that diversifies the proteome. Its dysregulation is associated with neurological disorders that impair cognitive function, and yet identification of phenotype-relevant candidate substrates in a brain-region specific manner remains unfeasible. By combining an O-GlcNAc binding activity derived from Clostridium perfringens OGA (CpOGA) with TurboID proximity labeling in Drosophila, we developed an O-GlcNAcylation profiling tool that translates O-GlcNAc modification into biotin conjugation for tissue-specific candidate substrates enrichment. We mapped the O-GlcNAc interactome in major brain regions of Drosophila and found that components of the translational machinery, particularly ribosomal subunits, were abundantly O-GlcNAcylated in the mushroom body of Drosophila brain. Hypo-O-GlcNAcylation induced by ectopic expression of active CpOGA in the mushroom body decreased local translational activity, leading to olfactory learning deficits that could be rescued by dMyc overexpression-induced increase of protein synthesis. Our study provides a useful tool for future dissection of tissue-specific functions of O-GlcNAcylation in Drosophila, and suggests a possibility that O-GlcNAcylation impacts cognitive function via regulating regional translational activity in the brain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Dandan Liu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Yaowen Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ruijun Tang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xunan Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Song Mao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lu Lv
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Fang Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hongtao Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, Hunan UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhuohua Zhang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Daan MF van Aalten
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of AarhusAarhusDenmark
| | - Bing Yang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Kai Yuan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Molecular Precision Medicine, Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- The Biobank of Xiangya Hospital, Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grismer TS, Karundasa SS, Shrestha R, Byun D, Ni W, Reyes AV, Xu SL. Workflow enhancement of TurboID-mediated proximity labeling for SPY signaling network mapping. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.17.580820. [PMID: 38405906 PMCID: PMC10888891 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.17.580820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
TurboID-based proximity labeling coupled to mass spectrometry (PL-MS) has emerged as a powerful tool for mapping protein-protein interactions in both plant and animal systems. Despite advances in sensitivity, PL-MS studies can still suffer from false negatives, especially when dealing with low abundance bait proteins and their transient interactors. Protein-level enrichment for biotinylated proteins is well developed and popular, but direct detection of biotinylated proteins by peptide-level enrichment and the difference in results between direct and indirect detection remain underexplored. To address this gap, we compared and improved enrichment and data analysis methods using TurboID fused to SPY, a low-abundance O-fucose transferase, using an AAL-enriched SPY target library for cross-referencing. Our results showed that MyOne and M280 streptavidin beads significantly outperformed antibody beads for peptide-level enrichment, with M280 performing best. In addition, while a biotin concentration ≤ 50 μM is recommended for protein-level enrichment in plants, higher biotin concentrations can be used for peptide-level enrichment, allowing us to improve detection and data quality. FragPipe's MSFragger protein identification and quantification software outperformed Maxquant and Protein Prospector for SPY interactome enrichment due to its superior detection of biotinylated peptides. Our improved washing protocols for protein-level enrichment mitigated bead collapse issues, improving data quality, and reducing experimental time. We found that the two enrichment methods provided complementary results and identified a total of 160 SPY-TurboID-enriched interactors, including 60 previously identified in the AAL-enriched SPY target list and 100 additional novel interactors. SILIA quantitative proteomics comparing WT and spy-4 mutants showed that SPY affects the protein levels of some of the identified interactors, such as nucleoporin proteins. We expect that our improvement will extend beyond TurboID to benefit other PL systems and hold promise for broader applications in biological research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- TaraBryn S Grismer
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
- Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Sumudu S Karundasa
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ruben Shrestha
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Danbi Byun
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Weimin Ni
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Andres V Reyes
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
- Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Shou-Ling Xu
- Division of biosphere science and engineering, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
- Carnegie Mass Spectrometry Facility, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zafar S, Fatima SI, Schmitz M, Zerr I. Current Technologies Unraveling the Significance of Post-Translational Modifications (PTMs) as Crucial Players in Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2024; 14:118. [PMID: 38254718 PMCID: PMC10813409 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease, are identified and characterized by the progressive loss of neurons and neuronal dysfunction, resulting in cognitive and motor impairment. Recent research has shown the importance of PTMs, such as phosphorylation, acetylation, methylation, ubiquitination, sumoylation, nitration, truncation, O-GlcNAcylation, and hydroxylation, in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders. PTMs can alter protein structure and function, affecting protein stability, localization, interactions, and enzymatic activity. Aberrant PTMs can lead to protein misfolding and aggregation, impaired degradation, and clearance, and ultimately, to neuronal dysfunction and death. The main objective of this review is to provide an overview of the PTMs involved in neurodegeneration, their underlying mechanisms, methods to isolate PTMs, and the potential therapeutic targets for these disorders. The PTMs discussed in this article include tau phosphorylation, α-synuclein and Huntingtin ubiquitination, histone acetylation and methylation, and RNA modifications. Understanding the role of PTMs in neurodegenerative diseases may provide new therapeutic strategies for these devastating disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Zafar
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
- Biomedical Engineering and Sciences Department, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Bolan Road, H-12, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Shehzadi Irum Fatima
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmitz
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| | - Inga Zerr
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Dementia Center and DZNE, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075 Goettingen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Du P, Zhang X, Lian X, Hölscher C, Xue G. O-GlcNAcylation and Its Roles in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 97:1051-1068. [PMID: 38250776 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As a non-classical post-translational modification, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is widely found in human organ systems, particularly in our brains, and is indispensable for healthy cell biology. With the increasing age of the global population, the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases is increasing, too. The common characteristic of these disorders is the aggregation of abnormal proteins in the brain. Current research has found that O-GlcNAcylation dysregulation is involved in misfolding or aggregation of these abnormal proteins to mediate disease progression, but the specific mechanism has not been defined. This paper reviews recent studies on O-GlcNAcylation's roles in several neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, Machado-Joseph's disease, and giant axonal neuropathy, and shows that O-GlcNAcylation, as glucose metabolism sensor, mediating synaptic function, participating in oxidative stress response and signaling pathway conduction, directly or indirectly regulates characteristic pathological protein toxicity and affects disease progression. The existing results suggest that targeting O-GlcNAcylation will provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyang Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xia Lian
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Christian Hölscher
- Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guofang Xue
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Pratt MR, Vocadlo DJ. Understanding and exploiting the roles of O-GlcNAc in neurodegenerative diseases. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105411. [PMID: 37918804 PMCID: PMC10687168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAc is a common modification found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. Determining the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes O-GlcNAc from proteins, enabled the creation of potent and selective inhibitors of this regulatory enzyme. Such inhibitors have served as important tools in helping to uncover the cellular and organismal physiological roles of this modification. In addition, OGA inhibitors have been important for defining the augmentation of O-GlcNAc as a promising disease-modifying approach to combat several neurodegenerative diseases including both Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. These studies have led to development and optimization of OGA inhibitors for clinical application. These compounds have been shown to be well tolerated in early clinical studies and are steadily advancing into the clinic. Despite these advances, the mechanisms by which O-GlcNAc protects against these various types of neurodegeneration are a topic of continuing interest since improved insight may enable the creation of more targeted strategies to modulate O-GlcNAc for therapeutic benefit. Relevant pathways on which O-GlcNAc has been found to exert beneficial effects include autophagy, necroptosis, and processing of the amyloid precursor protein. More recently, the development and application of chemical methods enabling the synthesis of homogenous proteins have clarified the biochemical effects of O-GlcNAc on protein aggregation and uncovered new roles for O-GlcNAc in heat shock response. Here, we discuss the features of O-GlcNAc in neurodegenerative diseases, the application of inhibitors to identify the roles of this modification, and the biochemical effects of O-GlcNAc on proteins and pathways associated with neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Pratt
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada; Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang X, Li D, Zhu J, Zheng J, Li H, He Q, Peng J, Chen S, Chen XL, Wang W. RNAPII Degradation Factor Def1 Is Required for Development, Stress Response, and Full Virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040467. [PMID: 37108921 PMCID: PMC10145571 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The RNA polymerase II degradation factor Degradation Factor 1 (Def1) is important for DNA damage repair and plays various roles in eukaryotes; however, the biological role in plant pathogenic fungi is still unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of Def1 during the development and infection of the rice blast fungus Magnaporthe oryzae. The deletion mutant of Def1 displayed slower mycelial growth, less conidial production, and abnormal conidial morphology. The appressoria of Δdef1 was impaired in the penetration into host cells, mainly due to blocking in the utilization of conidial storages, such as glycogen and lipid droplets. The invasive growth of the Δdef1 mutant was also retarded and accompanied with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside the host cells. Furthermore, compared with the wild type, Δdef1 was more sensitive to multiple stresses, such as oxidative stress, high osmotic pressure, and alkaline/acidic pH. Interestingly, we found that Def1 was modified by O-GlcNAcylation at Ser232, which was required for the stability of Def1 and its function in pathogenicity. Taken together, the O-GlcNAc modified Def1 is required for hyphae growth, conidiation, pathogenicity, and stress response in M. oryzae. This study reveals a novel regulatory mechanism of O-GlcNAc-mediated Def1 in plant pathogenic fungi.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinrong Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hongye Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qixuan He
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Jun Peng
- Environment and Plant Protection Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Shen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection, Plant Protection Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province, College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Weixiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of New Technology in Agricultural Application, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Production Education, College of Plant Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mishra S, Ma J, McKoy D, Sasaki M, Farinelli F, Page RC, Ranek MJ, Zachara N, Kass DA. Transient receptor potential canonical type 6 (TRPC6) O-GlcNAcylation at Threonine-221 plays potent role in channel regulation. iScience 2023; 26:106294. [PMID: 36936781 PMCID: PMC10014292 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical type 6 (TRPC6) is a non-voltage-gated channel that principally conducts calcium. Elevated channel activation contributes to fibrosis, hypertrophy, and proteinuria, often coupled to stimulation of nuclear factor of activated T-cells (NFAT). TRPC6 is post-translationally regulated, but a role for O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAcylation) as elevated by diabetes, is unknown. Here we show TRPC6 is constitutively O-GlcNAcylated at Ser14, Thr70, and Thr221 in the N-terminus ankryn-4 (AR4) and linker (LH1) domains. Mutagenesis to alanine reveals T221 as a critical controller of resting TRPC6 conductance, and associated NFAT activity and pro-hypertrophic signaling. T→A mutations at sites homologous in closely related TRPC3 and TRPC7 also increases their activity. Molecular modeling predicts interactions between Thr221-O-GlcNAc and Ser199, Glu200, and Glu246, and combined alanine substitutions of the latter similarly elevates resting NFAT activity. Thus, O-GlcNAcylated T221 and interactions with coordinating residues is required for normal TRPC6 channel conductance and NFAT activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Mishra
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Desirae McKoy
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Masayuki Sasaki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Federica Farinelli
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard C. Page
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA
| | - Mark J. Ranek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Natasha Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David A. Kass
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Fahie KMM, Papanicolaou KN, Zachara NE. Integration of O-GlcNAc into Stress Response Pathways. Cells 2022; 11:3509. [PMID: 36359905 PMCID: PMC9654274 DOI: 10.3390/cells11213509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The modification of nuclear, mitochondrial, and cytosolic proteins by O-linked βN-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) has emerged as a dynamic and essential post-translational modification of mammalian proteins. O-GlcNAc is cycled on and off over 5000 proteins in response to diverse stimuli impacting protein function and, in turn, epigenetics and transcription, translation and proteostasis, metabolism, cell structure, and signal transduction. Environmental and physiological injury lead to complex changes in O-GlcNAcylation that impact cell and tissue survival in models of heat shock, osmotic stress, oxidative stress, and hypoxia/reoxygenation injury, as well as ischemic reperfusion injury. Numerous mechanisms that appear to underpin O-GlcNAc-mediated survival include changes in chaperone levels, impacts on the unfolded protein response and integrated stress response, improvements in mitochondrial function, and reduced protein aggregation. Here, we discuss the points at which O-GlcNAc is integrated into the cellular stress response, focusing on the roles it plays in the cardiovascular system and in neurodegeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kamau M. M. Fahie
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Kyriakos N. Papanicolaou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natasha E. Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ganesh V, M M, GK VG, Gangannagari VK. Linking adiponectin expression and kidney dysfunction among Indian patients with and without diabetic nephropathy. Bioinformation 2022; 18:876-883. [PMID: 37654826 PMCID: PMC10465784 DOI: 10.6026/97320630018876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease is a common cause of end stage renal disease has a high incidence rate in population with type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Adiponectin is an adipocytokine shown to strive anti-diabetic, anti-oxidative as well as anti-inflammatory. The present study aimed to determine the serum adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus and explore its association with nephropathy. This cross sectional study recruited 90 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with (n = 60) and without nephropathy (n = 30). Additionally 30 age, gender, and body mass index matched healthy controls were included. Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay method were used to determine adiponectin concentration. Blood sugars, glycated hemoglobin, body mass index all sounded to be brawny risk factors for nephropathy and microalbumin, e GFR showed a significant association with kidney disease progression in type 2 diabetes mellitus with nephropathy. Both the groups of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had elevated adiponectin concentrations than controls. Serum adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus without nephropathy and there was a significant association with nephropathy activity (P<0.0001**). The receiver operating characteristics curve analysis was used to examine the diagnostic performance of adiponectin for nephropathy shown a significant area under the curve 0.998 with sensitivity 100% and specificity 93.33% (P<0.0001**). Hence our study findings concluded that serum adiponectin concentrations considered for the early predictable and prognostic marker for nephropathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veluri Ganesh
- Department of Biochemistry, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem- 636308, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Murugan M
- Department of Biochemistry, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Vinayaka Mission's Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem- 636308, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Veerabhadra Goud GK
- Department of Biochemistry, Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences, Port Blair - 744104, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Gangannagari
- Department of Microbiology, Akash Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore - 562110, Karnataka, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Mannino PJ, Lusk CP. Quality control mechanisms that protect nuclear envelope identity and function. J Biophys Biochem Cytol 2022; 221:213424. [PMID: 36036741 PMCID: PMC9442147 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202205123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a specialization of the endoplasmic reticulum with distinct biochemistry that defines inner and outer membranes connected at a pore membrane that houses nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). Quality control mechanisms that maintain the physical integrity and biochemical identity of these membranes are critical to ensure that the NE acts as a selective barrier that also contributes to genome stability and metabolism. As the proteome of the NE is highly integrated, it is challenging to turn over by conventional ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy mechanisms. Further, removal of entire sections of the NE requires elaborate membrane remodeling that is poorly understood. Nonetheless, recent work has made inroads into discovering specializations of cellular degradative machineries tailored to meeting the unique challenges imposed by the NE. In addition, cells have evolved mechanisms to surveil and repair the NE barrier to protect against the deleterious effects of a breach in NE integrity, in the form of either a ruptured NE or a dysfunctional NPC. Here, we synthesize the most recent work exploring NE quality control mechanisms across eukaryotes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Spatial and temporal proteomics reveals the distinct distributions and dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated proteins. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110946. [PMID: 35705054 PMCID: PMC9244862 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein O-GlcNAcylation plays critical roles in many cellular events, and its dysregulation is related to multiple diseases. Integrating bioorthogonal chemistry and multiplexed proteomics, we systematically and site specifically study the distributions and dynamics of protein O-GlcNAcylation in the nucleus and the cytoplasm of human cells. The results demonstrate that O-GlcNAcylated proteins with different functions have distinct distribution patterns. The distributions vary site specifically, indicating that different glycoforms of the same protein may have different distributions. Moreover, we comprehensively analyze the dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated and non-modified proteins in these two compartments, respectively, and the half-lives of glycoproteins in different compartments are markedly different, with the median half-life in the cytoplasm being much longer. In addition, glycoproteins in the nucleus are more dramatically stabilized than those in the cytoplasm under the O-GlcNAcase inhibition. The comprehensive spatial and temporal analyses of protein O-GlcNAcylation provide valuable information and advance our understanding of this important modification. Xu et al. systematically and site specifically study the distribution and dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated proteins in the nucleus and the cytoplasm. O-GlcNAcylated proteins with different functions have distinct distribution patterns. The half-lives of glycoproteins in the two cellular compartments are markedly different, with the much longer median half-life in the cytoplasm.
Collapse
|
14
|
The Nuclear Pore Complex: Birth, Life, and Death of a Cellular Behemoth. Cells 2022; 11:cells11091456. [PMID: 35563762 PMCID: PMC9100368 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the only transport channels that cross the nuclear envelope. Constructed from ~500–1000 nucleoporin proteins each, they are among the largest macromolecular assemblies in eukaryotic cells. Thanks to advances in structural analysis approaches, the construction principles and architecture of the NPC have recently been revealed at submolecular resolution. Although the overall structure and inventory of nucleoporins are conserved, NPCs exhibit significant compositional and functional plasticity even within single cells and surprising variability in their assembly pathways. Once assembled, NPCs remain seemingly unexchangeable in post-mitotic cells. There are a number of as yet unresolved questions about how the versatility of NPC assembly and composition is established, how cells monitor the functional state of NPCs or how they could be renewed. Here, we review current progress in our understanding of the key aspects of NPC architecture and lifecycle.
Collapse
|
15
|
Nag N, Sasidharan S, Uversky VN, Saudagar P, Tripathi T. Phase separation of FG-nucleoporins in nuclear pore complexes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119205. [PMID: 34995711 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a bilayer membrane that separates and physically isolates the genetic material from the cytoplasm. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are cylindrical structures embedded in the NE and remain the sole channel of communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The interior of NPCs contains densely packed intrinsically disordered FG-nucleoporins (FG-Nups), consequently forming a permeability barrier. This barrier facilitates the selection and specificity of the cargoes that are imported, exported, or shuttled through the NPCs. Recent studies have revealed that FG-Nups undergo the process of liquid-liquid phase separation into liquid droplets. Moreover, these liquid droplets mimic the permeability barrier observed in the interior of NPCs. This review highlights the phase separation of FG-Nups occurring inside the NPCs rooted in the NE. We discuss the phase separation of FG-Nups and compare the different aspects contributing to their phase separation. Furthermore, several diseases caused by the aberrant phase separation of the proteins are examined with respect to NEs. By understanding the fundamental process of phase separation at the nuclear membrane, the review seeks to explore the parameters influencing this phenomenon as well as its importance, ultimately paving the way for better research on the structure-function relationship of biomolecular condensates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Niharika Nag
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Santanu Sasidharan
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, United States; Center for Molecular Mechanisms of Aging and Age-Related Diseases, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy pereulok, 9, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russia
| | - Prakash Saudagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal 506004, India.
| | - Timir Tripathi
- Molecular and Structural Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Raices M, D'Angelo MA. Structure, Maintenance, and Regulation of Nuclear Pore Complexes: The Gatekeepers of the Eukaryotic Genome. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2022; 14:a040691. [PMID: 34312247 PMCID: PMC8789946 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells, the genetic material is segregated inside the nucleus. This compartmentalization of the genome requires a transport system that allows cells to move molecules across the nuclear envelope, the membrane-based barrier that surrounds the chromosomes. Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) are the central component of the nuclear transport machinery. These large protein channels penetrate the nuclear envelope, creating a passage between the nucleus and the cytoplasm through which nucleocytoplasmic molecule exchange occurs. NPCs are one of the largest protein assemblies of eukaryotic cells and, in addition to their critical function in nuclear transport, these structures also play key roles in many cellular processes in a transport-independent manner. Here we will review the current knowledge of the NPC structure, the cellular mechanisms that regulate their formation and maintenance, and we will provide a brief description of a variety of processes that NPCs regulate.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Raices
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Maximiliano A D'Angelo
- Cell and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Raices M, D'Angelo MA. Analysis of Nuclear Pore Complex Permeability in Mammalian Cells and Isolated Nuclei Using Fluorescent Dextrans. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2502:69-80. [PMID: 35412231 PMCID: PMC9278988 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2337-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells the nuclear envelope encloses the genome separating it from the rest of the cell. Nuclear pore complexes are large multi protein channels that perforate the nuclear envelope, connecting the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Besides controlling nucleocytoplasmic molecule exchange, nuclear pore complexes create a permeability barrier that defines the maximum size of molecules that can freely diffuse into the nucleus. Accumulating evidence indicate that the permeability barrier of the nucleus can vary in different cellular conditions, during aging and in disease. Here we provide a simple protocol to analyze changes in nuclear permeability in plasma membrane-permeabilized cells and isolated nuclei using fluorescent dextrans of different sizes and confocal microscopy. The methods described herein represent a valuable resource to researchers studying the function of nuclear pore complexes and the dynamics of nuclear permeability in different cell types and processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Raices
- Cellular and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maximiliano A D'Angelo
- Cellular and Molecular Biology of Cancer Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- NCI-Designated Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nuclear pore complex maintenance and implications for age-related diseases. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 32:216-227. [PMID: 34782239 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) bridge the nucleus and the cytoplasm and are indispensable for crucial cellular activities, such as bidirectional molecular trafficking and gene transcription regulation. The discovery of long-lived proteins (LLPs) in NPCs from postmitotic cells raises the exciting possibility that the maintenance of NPC integrity might play an inherent role in lifelong cell function. Age-dependent deterioration of NPCs and loss of nuclear integrity have been linked to age-related decline in postmitotic cell function and degenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of NPC maintenance in proliferating and postmitotic cells, and how malfunction of nucleoporins (Nups) might contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
19
|
Ramirez DH, Yang B, D'Souza AK, Shen D, Woo CM. Truncation of the TPR domain of OGT alters substrate and glycosite selection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2021; 413:7385-7399. [PMID: 34725712 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03731-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) is an essential enzyme that installs O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to thousands of protein substrates. OGT and its isoforms select from these substrates through the tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain, yet the impact of truncations to the TPR domain on substrate and glycosite selection is unresolved. Here, we report the effects of iterative truncations to the TPR domain of OGT on substrate and glycosite selection with the model protein GFP-JunB and the surrounding O-GlcNAc proteome in U2OS cells. Iterative truncation of the TPR domain of OGT maintains glycosyltransferase activity but alters subcellular localization of OGT in cells. The glycoproteome and glycosites modified by four OGT TPR isoforms were examined on the whole proteome and a single target protein, GFP-JunB. We found the greatest changes in O-GlcNAc on proteins associated with mRNA splicing processes and that the first four TPRs of the canonical nucleocytoplasmic OGT had the broadest substrate scope. Subsequent glycosite analysis revealed that alteration to the last four TPRs corresponded to the greatest shift in the resulting O-GlcNAc consensus sequence. This dataset provides a foundation to analyze how perturbations to the TPR domain and expression of OGT isoforms affect the glycosylation of substrates, which will be critical for future efforts in protein engineering of OGT, the biology of OGT isoforms, and diseases associated with the TPR domain of OGT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Ramirez
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Department of Plant Biology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexandria K D'Souza
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Dacheng Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Christina M Woo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee BE, Suh PG, Kim JI. O-GlcNAcylation in health and neurodegenerative diseases. Exp Mol Med 2021; 53:1674-1682. [PMID: 34837015 PMCID: PMC8639716 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-021-00709-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a posttranslational modification that adds O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) to serine or threonine residues of many proteins. This protein modification interacts with key cellular pathways involved in transcription, translation, and proteostasis. Although ubiquitous throughout the body, O-GlcNAc is particularly abundant in the brain, and various proteins commonly found at synapses are O-GlcNAcylated. Recent studies have demonstrated that the modulation of O-GlcNAc in the brain alters synaptic and neuronal functions. Furthermore, altered brain O-GlcNAcylation is associated with either the etiology or pathology of numerous neurodegenerative diseases, while the manipulation of O-GlcNAc exerts neuroprotective effects against these diseases. Although the detailed molecular mechanisms underlying the functional roles of O-GlcNAcylation in the brain remain unclear, O-GlcNAcylation is critical for regulating diverse neural functions, and its levels change during normal and pathological aging. In this review, we will highlight the functional importance of O-GlcNAcylation in the brain and neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Eun Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Pann-Ghill Suh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), Daegu, 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ick Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Kohler JJ. What sugar does to your pores. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212387. [PMID: 34132758 PMCID: PMC8212696 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202105163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
FG-repeat nucleoporins at the center of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) are highly modified with O-GlcNAc. In this issue, Yoo and Mitchison (2021. J. Cell Biol.https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202010141) use optogenetic probes to show that O-GlcNAc enhances permeability of the NPC, accelerating transport in both directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J Kohler
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Anderson EN, Morera AA, Kour S, Cherry JD, Ramesh N, Gleixner A, Schwartz JC, Ebmeier C, Old W, Donnelly CJ, Cheng JP, Kline AE, Kofler J, Stein TD, Pandey UB. Traumatic injury compromises nucleocytoplasmic transport and leads to TDP-43 pathology. eLife 2021; 10:e67587. [PMID: 34060470 PMCID: PMC8169113 DOI: 10.7554/elife.67587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a predisposing factor for many neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), and chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE). Although defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) is reported ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases, whether defects in NCT occur in TBI remains unknown. We performed proteomic analysis on Drosophila exposed to repeated TBI and identified resultant alterations in several novel molecular pathways. TBI upregulated nuclear pore complex (NPC) and nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) proteins as well as alter nucleoporin stability. Traumatic injury disrupted RanGAP1 and NPC protein distribution in flies and a rat model and led to coaggregation of NPC components and TDP-43. In addition, trauma-mediated NCT defects and lethality are rescued by nuclear export inhibitors. Importantly, genetic upregulation of nucleoporins in vivo and in vitro triggered TDP-43 cytoplasmic mislocalization, aggregation, and altered solubility and reduced motor function and lifespan of animals. We also found NUP62 pathology and elevated NUP62 concentrations in postmortem brain tissues of patients with mild or severe CTE as well as co-localization of NUP62 and TDP-43 in CTE. These findings indicate that TBI leads to NCT defects, which potentially mediate the TDP-43 pathology in CTE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eric N Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
| | - Andrés A Morera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Sukhleen Kour
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
| | - Jonathan D Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Boston VA Healthcare SystemBostonUnited States
| | - Nandini Ramesh
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
| | - Amanda Gleixner
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- LiveLike Lou Center for ALS Research, Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Jacob C Schwartz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of ArizonaTucsonUnited States
| | - Christopher Ebmeier
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | - William Old
- Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of ColoradoBoulderUnited States
| | - Christopher J Donnelly
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
- LiveLike Lou Center for ALS Research, Brain Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghUnited States
| | - Jeffrey P Cheng
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Anthony E Kline
- Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
- Center for Neuroscience; Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition; Critical Care Medicine, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Julia Kofler
- Department of Pathology, University of PittsburghPittsburghUnited States
| | - Thor D Stein
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- Boston VA Healthcare SystemBostonUnited States
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghUnited States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh School of Public HealthPittsburghUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Yoo TY, Mitchison TJ. O-GlcNAc modification of nuclear pore complexes accelerates bidirectional transport. J Cell Biol 2021; 220:212033. [PMID: 33909044 PMCID: PMC8091080 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202010141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular transport across the nuclear envelope depends on facilitated diffusion through nuclear pore complexes (NPCs). The interior of NPCs contains a permeability barrier made of phenylalanine-glycine (FG) repeat domains that selectively facilitates the permeation of cargoes bound to nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). FG-repeat domains in NPCs are a major site of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, but the functional role of this modification in nucleocytoplasmic transport is unclear. We developed high-throughput assays based on optogenetic probes to quantify the kinetics of nuclear import and export in living human cells. We found that increasing O-GlcNAc modification of the NPC accelerated NTR-facilitated transport of proteins in both directions, and decreasing modification slowed transport. Superresolution imaging revealed strong enrichment of O-GlcNAc at the FG-repeat barrier. O-GlcNAc modification also accelerated passive permeation of a small, inert protein through NPCs. We conclude that O-GlcNAc modification accelerates nucleocytoplasmic transport by enhancing the nonspecific permeability of the FG-repeat barrier, perhaps by steric inhibition of interactions between FG repeats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Yeon Yoo
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Timothy J Mitchison
- Department of Systems Biology, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Coyne AN, Zaepfel BL, Hayes L, Fitchman B, Salzberg Y, Luo EC, Bowen K, Trost H, Aigner S, Rigo F, Yeo GW, Harel A, Svendsen CN, Sareen D, Rothstein JD. G 4C 2 Repeat RNA Initiates a POM121-Mediated Reduction in Specific Nucleoporins in C9orf72 ALS/FTD. Neuron 2020; 107:1124-1140.e11. [PMID: 32673563 PMCID: PMC8077944 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.06.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Through mechanisms that remain poorly defined, defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport and accumulations of specific nuclear-pore-complex-associated proteins have been reported in multiple neurodegenerative diseases, including C9orf72 Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia (ALS/FTD). Using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy, we have explored the mechanism by which nucleoporins are altered in nuclei isolated from C9orf72 induced pluripotent stem-cell-derived neurons (iPSNs). Of the 23 nucleoporins evaluated, we observed a reduction in a subset of 8, including key components of the nuclear pore complex scaffold and the transmembrane nucleoporin POM121. Reduction in POM121 appears to initiate a decrease in the expression of seven additional nucleoporins, ultimately affecting the localization of Ran GTPase and subsequent cellular toxicity in C9orf72 iPSNs. Collectively, our data suggest that the expression of expanded C9orf72 ALS/FTD repeat RNA alone affects nuclear POM121 expression in the initiation of a pathological cascade affecting nucleoporin levels within neuronal nuclei and ultimately downstream neuronal survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa N Coyne
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Benjamin L Zaepfel
- Biochemistry, Cellular, and Molecular Biology Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Lindsey Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Boris Fitchman
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Yuval Salzberg
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - En-Ching Luo
- Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of California San Diego College of Engineering, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Kelly Bowen
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hannah Trost
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Stefan Aigner
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, CA 92010, USA
| | - Gene W Yeo
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Amnon Harel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar-Ilan University, Safed 1311502, Israel
| | - Clive N Svendsen
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Dhruv Sareen
- The Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Zhu Y, Willems LI, Salas D, Cecioni S, Wu WB, Foster LJ, Vocadlo DJ. Tandem Bioorthogonal Labeling Uncovers Endogenous Cotranslationally O-GlcNAc Modified Nascent Proteins. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:15729-15739. [PMID: 32870666 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hundreds of nuclear, cytoplasmic, and mitochondrial proteins within multicellular eukaryotes have hydroxyl groups of specific serine and threonine residues modified by the monosaccharide N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). This modification, known as O-GlcNAc, has emerged as a central regulator of both cell physiology and human health. A key emerging function of O-GlcNAc appears to be to regulate cellular protein homeostasis. We previously showed, using overexpressed model proteins, that O-GlcNAc modification can occur cotranslationally and that this process prevents premature degradation of such nascent polypeptide chains. Here, we use tandem metabolic engineering strategies to label endogenously occurring nascent polypeptide chains within cells using O-propargyl-puromycin (OPP) and target the specific subset of nascent chains that are cotranslationally glycosylated with O-GlcNAc by metabolic saccharide engineering using tetra-O-acetyl-2-N-azidoacetyl-2-deoxy-d-galactopyranose (Ac4GalNAz). Using various combinations of sequential chemoselective ligation strategies, we go on to tag these analytes with a series of labels, allowing us to define conditions that enable their robust labeling. Two-step enrichment of these glycosylated nascent chains, combined with shotgun proteomics, allows us to identify a set of endogenous cotranslationally O-GlcNAc modified proteins. Using alternative targeted methods, we examine three of these identified proteins and further validate their cotranslational O-GlcNAcylation. These findings detail strategies to enable isolation and identification of extremely low abundance endogenous analytes present within complex protein mixtures. Moreover, this work opens the way to studies directed at understanding the roles of O-GlcNAc and other cotranslational protein modifications and should stimulate an improved understanding of the role of O-GlcNAc in cytoplasmic protein quality control and proteostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Lianne I Willems
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Daniela Salas
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - Samy Cecioni
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Weifeng B Wu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Michael Smith Laboratories and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia Canada
| | - David J Vocadlo
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chatham JC, Zhang J, Wende AR. Role of O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Protein Modification in Cellular (Patho)Physiology. Physiol Rev 2020; 101:427-493. [PMID: 32730113 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00043.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1980s, the identification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins modified by a N-acetylglucosamine moiety (O-GlcNAc) via an O-linkage overturned the widely held assumption that glycosylation only occurred in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and secretory pathways. In contrast to traditional glycosylation, the O-GlcNAc modification does not lead to complex, branched glycan structures and is rapidly cycled on and off proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. Since its discovery, O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to contribute to numerous cellular functions, including signaling, protein localization and stability, transcription, chromatin remodeling, mitochondrial function, and cell survival. Dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling has been implicated in the progression of a wide range of diseases, such as diabetes, diabetic complications, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases. This review will outline our current understanding of the processes involved in regulating O-GlcNAc turnover, the role of O-GlcNAcylation in regulating cellular physiology, and how dysregulation in O-GlcNAc cycling contributes to pathophysiological processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John C Chatham
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Hayes LR, Duan L, Bowen K, Kalab P, Rothstein JD. C9orf72 arginine-rich dipeptide repeat proteins disrupt karyopherin-mediated nuclear import. eLife 2020; 9:e51685. [PMID: 32119645 PMCID: PMC7051184 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruption of nucleocytoplasmic transport is increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS caused by a C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. However, the mechanism(s) remain unclear. Karyopherins, including importin β and its cargo adaptors, have been shown to co-precipitate with the C9orf72 arginine-containing dipeptide repeat proteins (R-DPRs), poly-glycine arginine (GR) and poly-proline arginine (PR), and are protective in genetic modifier screens. Here, we show that R-DPRs interact with importin β, disrupt its cargo loading, and inhibit nuclear import of importin β, importin α/β, and transportin cargoes in permeabilized mouse neurons and HeLa cells, in a manner that can be rescued by RNA. Although R-DPRs induce widespread protein aggregation in this in vitro system, transport disruption is not due to nucleocytoplasmic transport protein sequestration, nor blockade of the phenylalanine-glycine (FG)-rich nuclear pore complex. Our results support a model in which R-DPRs interfere with cargo loading on karyopherins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey R Hayes
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Lauren Duan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Krieger School of Arts and Sciences, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Kelly Bowen
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Petr Kalab
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jeffrey D Rothstein
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Brain Science Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hutten S, Dormann D. Nucleocytoplasmic transport defects in neurodegeneration — Cause or consequence? Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 99:151-162. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
29
|
Herzog K, Bandiera S, Pernot S, Fauvelle C, Jühling F, Weiss A, Bull A, Durand SC, Chane-Woon-Ming B, Pfeffer S, Mercey M, Lerat H, Meunier JC, Raffelsberger W, Brino L, Baumert TF, Zeisel MB. Functional microRNA screen uncovers O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase as a host factor modulating hepatitis C virus morphogenesis and infectivity. Gut 2020; 69:380-392. [PMID: 31076402 PMCID: PMC7613422 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2018-317423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infection of human hepatocytes by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a multistep process involving both viral and host factors. microRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Given that miRNAs were indicated to regulate between 30% and 75% of all human genes, we aimed to investigate the functional and regulatory role of miRNAs for the HCV life cycle. DESIGN To systematically reveal human miRNAs affecting the HCV life cycle, we performed a two-step functional high-throughput miRNA mimic screen in Huh7.5.1 cells infected with recombinant cell culture-derived HCV. miRNA targeting was then assessed using a combination of computational and functional approaches. RESULTS We uncovered miR-501-3p and miR-619-3p as novel modulators of HCV assembly/release. We discovered that these miRNAs regulate O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (OGT) protein expression and identified OGT and O-GlcNAcylation as regulators of HCV morphogenesis and infectivity. Furthermore, increased OGT expression in patient-derived liver tissue was associated with HCV-induced liver disease and cancer. CONCLUSION miR-501-3p and miR-619-3p and their target OGT are previously undiscovered regulatory host factors for HCV assembly and infectivity. In addition to its effect on HCV morphogenesis, OGT may play a role in HCV-induced liver disease and hepatocarcinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Herzog
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Simonetta Bandiera
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sophie Pernot
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Fauvelle
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Jühling
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Amélie Weiss
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Anne Bull
- Inserm U1259, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Sarah C. Durand
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Béatrice Chane-Woon-Ming
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN – UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sébastien Pfeffer
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Architecture et Réactivité de l’ARN – UPR 9002, Institut de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire du CNRS, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marion Mercey
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Centre de Recherche UGA - Inserm U1209 - CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Hervé Lerat
- Institute for Applied Biosciences, Centre de Recherche UGA - Inserm U1209 - CNRS 5309, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Meunier
- Inserm U1259, Faculté de Médecine, Université François Rabelais and CHRU de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Wolfgang Raffelsberger
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Laurent Brino
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France,CNRS, UMR7104, Illkirch, France,Inserm, U1258, Illkirch, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Corresponding authors. Dr. Mirjam B. Zeisel, Inserm U1052 – CRCL, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France, Phone: +33472681970, Fax: +33472681971, and Prof. Thomas F. Baumert, Inserm U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France, Phone: +33368853703, Fax: +33368853724,
| | - Mirjam B. Zeisel
- Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard (CLB), Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), Lyon, France,Corresponding authors. Dr. Mirjam B. Zeisel, Inserm U1052 – CRCL, 151 cours Albert Thomas, 69424 Lyon Cedex 03, France, Phone: +33472681970, Fax: +33472681971, and Prof. Thomas F. Baumert, Inserm U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, 3 rue Koeberlé, 67000 Strasbourg, France, Phone: +33368853703, Fax: +33368853724,
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Kim HY, Park M, Kang C, Heo W, Yoon SM, Lee J, Kim JY. O-GlcNAcylation of light chain serine 12 mediates rituximab production doubled by thiamet G. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2020; 43:863-875. [PMID: 31980903 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-020-02282-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
O-Glycosylation occurs in recombinant proteins produced by CHO cells, but this phenomenon has not been studied extensively. Here, we report that rituximab is an O-linked N-acetyl-glucosaminylated (O-GlcNAcylated) protein and the production of rituximab is increased by thiamet G, an inhibitor of O-GlcNAcase. The production of rituximab doubled with OGA inhibition and decreased with O-GlcNAc transferase inhibition. O-GlcNAc-specific antibody and metabolic labelling with azidO-GlcNAc confirmed the increased O-GlcNAcylation with thiamet G. Protein mass analysis revealed that serine 7, 12, and 14 of the rituximab light chain were O-GlcNAcylated. S12A mutation of the light chain decreased rituximab stability and failed to increase the production with thiamet G without any significant changes of mRNA level. Cytotoxicity and thermal stability assays confirmed that there were no differences in the biological and physical properties of rituximab produced by thiamet G treatment. Therefore, thiamet G treatment improves the production of rituximab without significantly altering its function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Yeon Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Minseong Park
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Choeun Kang
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Woon Heo
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Sei Mee Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinu Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, 21983, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joo Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tan PS, Aramburu IV, Mercadante D, Tyagi S, Chowdhury A, Spitz D, Shammas SL, Gräter F, Lemke EA. Two Differential Binding Mechanisms of FG-Nucleoporins and Nuclear Transport Receptors. Cell Rep 2019; 22:3660-3671. [PMID: 29590630 PMCID: PMC5898484 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenylalanine-glycine-rich nucleoporins (FG-Nups) are intrinsically disordered proteins, constituting the selective barrier of the nuclear pore complex (NPC). Previous studies showed that nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) were found to interact with FG-Nups by forming an “archetypal-fuzzy” complex through the rapid formation and breakage of interactions with many individual FG motifs. Here, we use single-molecule studies combined with atomistic simulations to show that, in sharp contrast, FG-Nup214 undergoes a coupled reconfiguration-binding mechanism when interacting with the export receptor CRM1. Association and dissociation rate constants are more than an order of magnitude lower than in the archetypal-fuzzy complex between FG-Nup153 and NTRs. Unexpectedly, this behavior appears not to be encoded selectively into CRM1 but rather into the FG-Nup214 sequence. The same distinct binding mechanisms are unperturbed in O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine-modified FG-Nups. Our results have implications for differential roles of distinctly spatially distributed FG-Nup⋅NTR interactions in the cell. Identification of two differential binding mechanisms in the nuclear transport pathway FG-Nup214 does not bind CRM1 via an archetypal-fuzzy complex Glycosylated FG-Nups maintain their NTR-binding mechanisms Linker regions of FG-Nups may have functional relevance to the binding mechanism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piau Siong Tan
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Iker Valle Aramburu
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Davide Mercadante
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Swati Tyagi
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Aritra Chowdhury
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daniel Spitz
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sarah L Shammas
- Department of New Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Frauke Gräter
- Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies (HITS), Schloß-Wolfsbrunnenweg 35, 69118 Heidelberg, Germany; Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Mathematikon, Im Neuenheimer Feld 205, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Edward A Lemke
- Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Johannes-von-Mullerweg 6, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Meyerhofstrasse 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Qin W, Xie Z, Wang J, Ou G, Wang C, Chen X. Chemoproteomic Profiling of O-GlcNAcylation in Caenorhabditis elegans. Biochemistry 2019; 59:3129-3134. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.9b00622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhongyun Xie
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | - Guangshuo Ou
- Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences and MOE Key Laboratory for Protein Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Giampetruzzi A, Danielson EW, Gumina V, Jeon M, Boopathy S, Brown RH, Ratti A, Landers JE, Fallini C. Modulation of actin polymerization affects nucleocytoplasmic transport in multiple forms of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3827. [PMID: 31444357 PMCID: PMC6707192 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. Although defects in nucleocytoplasmic transport (NCT) may be central to the pathogenesis of ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases, the molecular mechanisms modulating the nuclear pore function are still largely unknown. Here we show that genetic and pharmacological modulation of actin polymerization disrupts nuclear pore integrity, nuclear import, and downstream pathways such as mRNA post-transcriptional regulation. Importantly, we demonstrate that modulation of actin homeostasis can rescue nuclear pore instability and dysfunction caused by mutant PFN1 as well as by C9ORF72 repeat expansion, the most common mutation in ALS patients. Collectively, our data link NCT defects to ALS-associated cellular pathology and propose the regulation of actin homeostasis as a novel therapeutic strategy for ALS and other neurodegenerative diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Giampetruzzi
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Eric W Danielson
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Valentina Gumina
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Neurology - Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Maryangel Jeon
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Sivakumar Boopathy
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Robert H Brown
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Antonia Ratti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Department of Neurology - Stroke Unit and Laboratory of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - John E Landers
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Claudia Fallini
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Nucleus–cytoplasm cross‐talk in the aging brain. J Neurosci Res 2019; 98:247-261. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.24446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
|
35
|
Cejas RB, Lorenz V, Garay YC, Irazoqui FJ. Biosynthesis of O-N-acetylgalactosamine glycans in the human cell nucleus. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:2997-3011. [PMID: 30591584 PMCID: PMC6398145 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological functions of nuclear proteins are regulated by post-translational modifications (PTMs) that modulate gene expression and cellular physiology. However, the role of O-linked glycosylation (O-GalNAc) as a PTM of nuclear proteins in the human cell has not been previously reported. Here, we examined in detail the initiation of O-GalNAc glycan biosynthesis, representing a novel PTM of nuclear proteins in the nucleus of human cells, with an emphasis on HeLa cells. Using soluble nuclear fractions from purified nuclei, enzymatic assays, fluorescence microscopy, affinity chromatography, MS, and FRET analyses, we identified all factors required for biosynthesis of O-GalNAc glycans in nuclei: the donor substrate (UDP-GalNAc), nuclear polypeptide GalNAc -transferase activity, and a GalNAc transferase (polypeptide GalNAc-T3). Moreover, we identified O-GalNAc glycosylated proteins in the nucleus and present solid evidence for O-GalNAc glycan synthesis in this organelle. The demonstration of O-GalNAc glycosylation of nuclear proteins in mammalian cells reported here has important implications for cell and chemical biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Romina B Cejas
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Virginia Lorenz
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Yohana C Garay
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Fernando J Irazoqui
- From the Centro de Investigaciones en Química Biológica de Córdoba, CIQUIBIC, CONICET, and Departamento de Química Biológica Ranwel Caputto, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zhou LT, Romar R, Pavone ME, Soriano-Úbeda C, Zhang J, Slawson C, Duncan FE. Disruption of O-GlcNAc homeostasis during mammalian oocyte meiotic maturation impacts fertilization. Mol Reprod Dev 2019; 86:543-557. [PMID: 30793403 DOI: 10.1002/mrd.23131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic maturation and fertilization are metabolically demanding processes, and thus the mammalian oocyte is highly susceptible to changes in nutrient availability. O-GlcNAcylation-the addition of a single sugar residue (O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine) on proteins-is a posttranslational modification that acts as a cellular nutrient sensor and likely modulates the function of oocyte proteins. O-GlcNAcylation is mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which adds O-GlcNAc onto proteins, and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), which removes it. Here we investigated O-GlcNAcylation dynamics in bovine and human oocytes during meiosis and determined the developmental sequelae of its perturbation. OGA, OGT, and multiple O-GlcNAcylated proteins were expressed in bovine cumulus oocyte complexes (COCs), and they were localized throughout the gamete but were also enriched at specific subcellular sites. O-GlcNAcylated proteins were concentrated at the nuclear envelope at prophase I, OGA at the cortex throughout meiosis, and OGT at the meiotic spindles. These expression patterns were evolutionarily conserved in human oocytes. To examine O-GlcNAc function, we disrupted O-GlcNAc cycling during meiotic maturation in bovine COCs using Thiamet-G (TMG), a highly selective OGA inhibitor. Although TMG resulted in a dramatic increase in O-GlcNAcylated substrates in both cumulus cells and the oocyte, there was no effect on cumulus expansion or meiotic progression. However, zygote development was significantly compromised following in vitro fertilization of COCs matured in TMG due to the effects on sperm penetration, sperm head decondensation, and pronuclear formation. Thus, proper O-GlcNAc homeostasis during meiotic maturation is important for fertilization and pronuclear stage development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luhan T Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Raquel Romar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Mary Ellen Pavone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Cristina Soriano-Úbeda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - John Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Chad Slawson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical School, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zachara NE. Critical observations that shaped our understanding of the function(s) of intracellular glycosylation (O-GlcNAc). FEBS Lett 2018; 592:3950-3975. [PMID: 30414174 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost 100 years after the first descriptions of proteins conjugated to carbohydrates (mucins), several studies suggested that glycoproteins were not restricted to the serum, extracellular matrix, cell surface, or endomembrane system. In the 1980s, key data emerged demonstrating that intracellular proteins were modified by monosaccharides of O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc). Subsequently, this modification was identified on thousands of proteins that regulate cellular processes as diverse as protein aggregation, localization, post-translational modifications, activity, and interactions. In this Review, we will highlight critical discoveries that shaped our understanding of the molecular events underpinning the impact of O-GlcNAc on protein function, the role that O-GlcNAc plays in maintaining cellular homeostasis, and our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate O-GlcNAc-cycling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha E Zachara
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Liu T, Zandberg WF, Gloster TM, Deng L, Murray KD, Shan X, Vocadlo DJ. Metabolic Inhibitors of O-GlcNAc Transferase That Act In Vivo Implicate Decreased O-GlcNAc Levels in Leptin-Mediated Nutrient Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:7644-7648. [PMID: 29756380 PMCID: PMC6055616 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201803254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
O-Linked glycosylation of serine and threonine residues of nucleocytoplasmic proteins with N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) residues is catalyzed by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT). O-GlcNAc is conserved within mammals and is implicated in a wide range of physiological processes. Herein, we describe metabolic precursor inhibitors of OGT suitable for use both in cells and in vivo in mice. These 5-thiosugar analogues of N-acetylglucosamine are assimilated through a convergent metabolic pathway, most likely involving N-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphate de-N-acetylase (NAGA), to generate a common OGT inhibitor within cells. We show that of these inhibitors, 2-deoxy-2-N-hexanamide-5-thio-d-glucopyranoside (5SGlcNHex) acts in vivo to induce dose- and time-dependent decreases in O-GlcNAc levels in various tissues. Decreased O-GlcNAc correlates, both in vitro within adipocytes and in vivo within mice, with lower levels of the transcription factor Sp1 and the satiety-inducing hormone leptin, thus revealing a link between decreased O-GlcNAc levels and nutrient sensing in peripheral tissues of mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tai‐Wei Liu
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University8888 University Dr.BurnabyBCCanada
| | - Wesley F. Zandberg
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University8888 University Dr.BurnabyBCCanada
- Current address: Department of ChemistryUniversity of British Columbia1177 Research RoadKelownaBCCanada
| | - Tracey M. Gloster
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University8888 University Dr.BurnabyBCCanada
- Current address: School of BiologyBiomedical Sciences Research ComplexUniversity of St AndrewsNorth HaughSt AndrewsFifeUK
| | - Lehua Deng
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University8888 University Dr.BurnabyBCCanada
| | - Kelsey D. Murray
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University8888 University Dr.BurnabyBCCanada
| | - Xiaoyang Shan
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University8888 University Dr.BurnabyBCCanada
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and BiochemistrySimon Fraser University8888 University Dr.BurnabyBCCanada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fisi V, Kátai E, Orbán J, Dossena S, Miseta A, Nagy T. O-Linked N-Acetylglucosamine Transiently Elevates in HeLa Cells during Mitosis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061275. [PMID: 29861440 PMCID: PMC6100377 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a dynamic post-translational modification of serine and threonine residues on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins. O-GlcNAc modification influences many cellular mechanisms, including carbohydrate metabolism, signal transduction and protein degradation. Multiple studies also showed that cell cycle might be modulated by O-GlcNAc. Although the role of O-GlcNAc in the regulation of some cell cycle processes such as mitotic spindle organization or histone phosphorylation is well established, the general behaviour of O-GlcNAc regulation during cell cycle is still controversial. In this study, we analysed the dynamic changes of overall O-GlcNAc levels in HeLa cells using double thymidine block. O-GlcNAc levels in G1, S, G2 and M phase were measured. We observed that O-GlcNAc levels are significantly increased during mitosis in comparison to the other cell cycle phases. However, this change could only be detected when mitotic cells were enriched by harvesting round shaped cells from the G2/M fraction of the synchronized cells. Our data verify that O-GlcNAc is elevated during mitosis, but also emphasize that O-GlcNAc levels can significantly change in a short period of time. Thus, selection and collection of cells at specific cell-cycle checkpoints is a challenging, but necessary requirement for O-GlcNAc studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viktória Fisi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
| | - Emese Kátai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
| | - József Orbán
- Department of Biophysics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
| | - Silvia Dossena
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg 5020, Austria.
| | - Attila Miseta
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Nagy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
- János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Pécs H7624, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Liu TW, Zandberg WF, Gloster TM, Deng L, Murray KD, Shan X, Vocadlo DJ. Metabolic Inhibitors of O-GlcNAc Transferase That Act In Vivo Implicate Decreased O-GlcNAc Levels in Leptin-Mediated Nutrient Sensing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201803254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tai-Wei Liu
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Dr. Burnaby BC Canada
| | - Wesley F. Zandberg
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Dr. Burnaby BC Canada
- Current address: Department of Chemistry; University of British Columbia; 1177 Research Road Kelowna BC Canada
| | - Tracey M. Gloster
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Dr. Burnaby BC Canada
- Current address: School of Biology; Biomedical Sciences Research Complex; University of St Andrews; North Haugh St Andrews Fife UK
| | - Lehua Deng
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Dr. Burnaby BC Canada
| | - Kelsey D. Murray
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Dr. Burnaby BC Canada
| | - Xiaoyang Shan
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Dr. Burnaby BC Canada
| | - David J. Vocadlo
- Departments of Chemistry & Molecular Biology and Biochemistry; Simon Fraser University; 8888 University Dr. Burnaby BC Canada
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sales Gil R, de Castro IJ, Berihun J, Vagnarelli P. Protein phosphatases at the nuclear envelope. Biochem Soc Trans 2018; 46:173-182. [PMID: 29432143 PMCID: PMC5818667 DOI: 10.1042/bst20170139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope (NE) is a unique topological structure formed by lipid membranes (Inner and Outer Membrane: IM and OM) interrupted by open channels (Nuclear Pore complexes). Besides its well-established structural role in providing a physical separation between the genome and the cytoplasm and regulating the exchanges between the two cellular compartments, it has become quite evident in recent years that the NE also represents a hub for localized signal transduction. Mechanical, stress, or mitogen signals reach the nucleus and trigger the activation of several pathways, many effectors of which are processed at the NE. Therefore, the concept of the NE acting just as a barrier needs to be expanded to embrace all the dynamic processes that are indeed associated with it. In this context, dynamic protein association and turnover coupled to reversible post-translational modifications of NE components can provide important clues on how this integrated cellular machinery functions as a whole. Reversible protein phosphorylation is the most used mechanism to control protein dynamics and association in cells. Keys to the reversibility of the system are protein phosphatases and the regulation of their activity in space and time. As the NE is clearly becoming an interesting compartment for the control and transduction of several signalling pathways, in this review we will focus on the role of Protein Phosphatases at the NE since the significance of this class of proteins in this context has been little explored.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Sales Gil
- College of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, U.K
| | - Ines J de Castro
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Integrative Virology, University Hospital Heidelberg and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg 69120, Germany
| | - Jerusalem Berihun
- College of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, U.K
| | - Paola Vagnarelli
- College of Health and Life Science, Research Institute for Environment Health and Society, Brunel University London, London UB8 3PH, U.K.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Woo CM, Lund PJ, Huang AC, Davis MM, Bertozzi CR, Pitteri SJ. Mapping and Quantification of Over 2000 O-linked Glycopeptides in Activated Human T Cells with Isotope-Targeted Glycoproteomics (Isotag). Mol Cell Proteomics 2018; 17:764-775. [PMID: 29351928 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra117.000261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) on proteins often function to regulate signaling cascades, with the activation of T cells during an adaptive immune response being a classic example. Mounting evidence indicates that the modification of proteins by O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc), the only mammalian glycan found on nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, helps regulate T cell activation. Yet, a mechanistic understanding of how O-GlcNAc functions in T cell activation remains elusive, partly because of the difficulties in mapping and quantifying O-GlcNAc sites. Thus, to advance insight into the role of O-GlcNAc in T cell activation, we performed glycosite mapping studies via direct glycopeptide measurement on resting and activated primary human T cells with a technique termed Isotope Targeted Glycoproteomics. This approach led to the identification of 2219 intact O-linked glycopeptides across 1045 glycoproteins. A significant proportion (>45%) of the identified O-GlcNAc sites lie near or coincide with a known phosphorylation site, supporting the potential for PTM crosstalk. Consistent with other studies, we find that O-GlcNAc sites in T cells lack a strict consensus sequence. To validate our results, we employed gel shift assays based on conjugating mass tags to O-GlcNAc groups. Notably, we observed that the transcription factors c-JUN and JUNB show higher levels of O-GlcNAc glycosylation and higher levels of expression in activated T cells. Overall, our findings provide a quantitative characterization of O-GlcNAc glycoproteins and their corresponding modification sites in primary human T cells, which will facilitate mechanistic studies into the function of O-GlcNAc in T cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peder J Lund
- §Microbiology & Immunology, and.,‖Interdepartmental Program in Immunology
| | | | - Mark M Davis
- §Microbiology & Immunology, and.,‡‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Carolyn R Bertozzi
- From the ‡Departments of Chemistry.,‡‡Howard Hughes Medical Institute; Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Tan PS, Lemke EA. Probing Differential Binding Mechanisms of Phenylalanine-Glycine-Rich Nucleoporins by Single-Molecule FRET. Methods Enzymol 2018; 611:327-346. [PMID: 30471692 PMCID: PMC7611734 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2018.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Phenylalanine-glycine-rich nucleoporins (FG-Nups) are intrinsically disordered proteins, constituting the selective barrier of the nuclear pore complex. They are highly dynamic under physiological conditions and studying their interaction with nuclear transport receptors (NTRs) is key to understanding the molecular mechanism of nucleocytoplasmic transport. Distinct conformational features of FG-Nups interacting with diverse NTRs can be detected by multiparameter single-molecule fluorescence energy transfer (smFRET), which is a powerful technique for studying the dynamics and interactions of biomolecules in solution. Here we provide a detailed protocol utilizing smFRET to reveal differential binding mechanisms of FG-Nups to NTRs, with a focus on practical considerations on sample preparation of unglycosylated and glycosylated FG-Nups, site-specific dual-labeling, smFRET measurements, and data analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piau Siong Tan
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edward A. Lemke
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit & Cell Biology and Biophysics Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Heidelberg, Germany,Biocenter, Departments of Biology and Chemistry, Pharmacy and Geosciences, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany,Institute of Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Germany,Corresponding author:
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
The Role of Stress-Induced O-GlcNAc Protein Modification in the Regulation of Membrane Transport. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:1308692. [PMID: 29456783 PMCID: PMC5804373 DOI: 10.1155/2017/1308692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a posttranslational modification that is increasingly recognized as a signal transduction mechanism. Unlike other glycans, O-GlcNAc is a highly dynamic and reversible process that involves the addition and removal of a single N-acetylglucosamine molecule to Ser/Thr residues of proteins. UDP-GlcNAc—the direct substrate for O-GlcNAc modification—is controlled by the rate of cellular metabolism, and thus O-GlcNAc is dependent on substrate availability. Serving as a feedback mechanism, O-GlcNAc influences the regulation of insulin signaling and glucose transport. Besides nutrient sensing, O-GlcNAc was also implicated in the regulation of various physiological and pathophysiological processes. Due to improvements of mass spectrometry techniques, more than one thousand proteins were detected to carry the O-GlcNAc moiety; many of them are known to participate in the regulation of metabolites, ions, or protein transport across biological membranes. Recent studies also indicated that O-GlcNAc is involved in stress adaptation; overwhelming evidences suggest that O-GlcNAc levels increase upon stress. O-GlcNAc elevation is generally considered to be beneficial during stress, although the exact nature of its protective effect is not understood. In this review, we summarize the current data regarding the oxidative stress-related changes of O-GlcNAc levels and discuss the implications related to membrane trafficking.
Collapse
|
45
|
Itkonen HM, Gorad SS, Duveau DY, Martin SES, Barkovskaya A, Bathen TF, Moestue SA, Mills IG. Inhibition of O-GlcNAc transferase activity reprograms prostate cancer cell metabolism. Oncotarget 2017; 7:12464-76. [PMID: 26824323 PMCID: PMC4914298 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic networks are highly connected and complex, but a single enzyme, O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) can sense the availability of metabolites and also modify target proteins. We show that inhibition of OGT activity inhibits the proliferation of prostate cancer cells, leads to sustained loss of c-MYC and suppresses the expression of CDK1, elevated expression of which predicts prostate cancer recurrence (p=0.00179). Metabolic profiling revealed decreased glucose consumption and lactate production after OGT inhibition. This decreased glycolytic activity specifically sensitized prostate cancer cells, but not cells representing normal prostate epithelium, to inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation (rotenone and metformin). Intra-cellular alanine was depleted upon OGT inhibitor treatment. OGT inhibitor increased the expression and activity of alanine aminotransferase (GPT2), an enzyme that can be targeted with a clinically approved drug, cycloserine. Simultaneous inhibition of OGT and GPT2 inhibited cell viability and growth rate, and additionally activated a cell death response. These combinatorial effects were predominantly seen in prostate cancer cells, but not in a cell-line derived from normal prostate epithelium. Combinatorial treatments were confirmed with two inhibitors against both OGT and GPT2. Taken together, here we report the reprogramming of energy metabolism upon inhibition of OGT activity, and identify synergistically lethal combinations that are prostate cancer cell specific.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harri M Itkonen
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine (Norway), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Gaustadalleen, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saurabh S Gorad
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Damien Y Duveau
- Division of Preclinical Innovation, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Sara E S Martin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Institutes of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anna Barkovskaya
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Radium hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tone F Bathen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Siver A Moestue
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway.,St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ian G Mills
- Prostate Cancer Research Group, Centre for Molecular Medicine (Norway), University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospitals, Gaustadalleen, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Molecular Oncology, Oslo University Hospitals, Oslo, Norway.,PCUK/Movember Centre of Excellence for Prostate Cancer Research, Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology (CCRCB), Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Tarbet HJ, Toleman CA, Boyce M. A Sweet Embrace: Control of Protein-Protein Interactions by O-Linked β-N-Acetylglucosamine. Biochemistry 2017; 57:13-21. [PMID: 29099585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b00871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
O-Linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is a critical post-translational modification (PTM) of thousands of intracellular proteins. Reversible O-GlcNAcylation governs many aspects of cell physiology and is dysregulated in numerous human diseases. Despite this broad pathophysiological significance, major aspects of O-GlcNAc signaling remain poorly understood, including the biochemical mechanisms through which O-GlcNAc transduces information. Recent work from many laboratories, including our own, has revealed that O-GlcNAc, like other intracellular PTMs, can control its substrates' functions by inhibiting or inducing protein-protein interactions. This dynamic regulation of multiprotein complexes exerts diverse downstream signaling effects in a range of processes, cell types, and organisms. Here, we review the literature about O-GlcNAc-regulated protein-protein interactions and suggest important questions for future studies in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather J Tarbet
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Clifford A Toleman
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Michael Boyce
- Department of Biochemistry, Duke University School of Medicine , Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Quantitative time-resolved chemoproteomics reveals that stable O-GlcNAc regulates box C/D snoRNP biogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E6749-E6758. [PMID: 28760965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1702688114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
O-linked GlcNAcylation (O-GlcNAcylation), a ubiquitous posttranslational modification on intracellular proteins, is dynamically regulated in cells. To analyze the turnover dynamics of O-GlcNAcylated proteins, we developed a quantitative time-resolved O-linked GlcNAc proteomics (qTOP) strategy based on metabolic pulse-chase labeling with an O-GlcNAc chemical reporter and stable isotope labeling with amino acids in cell culture (SILAC). Applying qTOP, we quantified the turnover rates of 533 O-GlcNAcylated proteins in NIH 3T3 cells and discovered that about 14% exhibited minimal removal of O-GlcNAc or degradation of protein backbones. The stability of those hyperstable O-GlcNAcylated proteins was more sensitive to O-GlcNAcylation inhibition compared with the more dynamic populations. Among the hyperstable population were three core proteins of box C/D small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complexes (snoRNPs): fibrillarin (FBL), nucleolar protein 5A (NOP56), and nucleolar protein 5 (NOP58). We showed that O-GlcNAcylation stabilized these proteins and was essential for snoRNP assembly. Blocking O-GlcNAcylation on FBL altered the 2'-O-methylation of rRNAs and impaired cancer cell proliferation and tumor formation in vivo.
Collapse
|
48
|
Levine ZG, Walker S. The Biochemistry of O-GlcNAc Transferase: Which Functions Make It Essential in Mammalian Cells? Annu Rev Biochem 2017; 85:631-57. [PMID: 27294441 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-biochem-060713-035344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT) is found in all metazoans and plays an important role in development but at the single-cell level is only essential in dividing mammalian cells. Postmitotic mammalian cells and cells of invertebrates such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila can survive without copies of OGT. Why OGT is required in dividing mammalian cells but not in other cells remains unknown. OGT has multiple biochemical activities. Beyond its well-known role in adding β-O-GlcNAc to serine and threonine residues of nuclear and cytoplasmic proteins, OGT also acts as a protease in the maturation of the cell cycle regulator host cell factor 1 (HCF-1) and serves as an integral member of several protein complexes, many of them linked to gene expression. In this review, we summarize current understanding of the mechanisms underlying OGT's biochemical activities and address whether known functions of OGT could be related to its essential role in dividing mammalian cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zebulon G Levine
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
| | - Suzanne Walker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115; ,
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sakuma S, D'Angelo MA. The roles of the nuclear pore complex in cellular dysfunction, aging and disease. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 68:72-84. [PMID: 28506892 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The study of the Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC), the proteins that compose it (nucleoporins), and the nucleocytoplasmic transport that it controls have revealed an unexpected layer to pathogenic disease onset and progression. Recent advances in the study of the regulation of NPC composition and function suggest that the precise control of this structure is necessary to prevent diseases from arising or progressing. Here we discuss the role of nucleoporins in a diverse set of diseases, many of which directly or indirectly increase in occurrence and severity as we age, and often shorten the human lifespan. NPC biology has been shown to play a direct role in these diseases and therefore in the process of healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Sakuma
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program (DARe), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Maximiliano A D'Angelo
- Development, Aging and Regeneration Program (DARe), Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
O-GlcNAc cycling and the regulation of nucleocytoplasmic dynamics. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:427-436. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20160171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The dynamic carbohydrate post-translational modification (PTM) O-linked β-N-acetyl glucosamine (O-GlcNAc) is found on thousands of proteins throughout the nucleus and cytoplasm, and rivals phosphorylation in terms of the number of substrates and pathways influenced. O-GlcNAc is highly conserved and essential in most organisms, with disruption of O-GlcNAc cycling linked to diseases ranging from cancer to neurodegeneration. Nuclear pore proteins were the first identified O-GlcNAc-modified substrates, generating intense and ongoing interest in understanding the role of O-GlcNAc cycling in nuclear pore complex structure and function. Recent advances in detecting and altering O-GlcNAcylation levels have provided insights into many mechanisms by which O-GlcNAcylation influences the nucleocytoplasmic localization and stability of protein targets. The emerging view is that the multifunctional enzymes of O-GlcNAc cycling are critical nutrient-sensing components of a complex network of signaling cascades involving multiple PTMs. Furthermore, O-GlcNAc plays a role in maintaining the structural integrity of the nuclear pore and regulating its function as the gatekeeper of nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
Collapse
|