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Szewczyk-Roszczenko O, Barlev NA. The Role of p53 in Nanoparticle-Based Therapy for Cancer. Cells 2023; 12:2803. [PMID: 38132123 PMCID: PMC10742014 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
p53 is arguably one of the most important tumor suppressor genes in humans. Due to the paramount importance of p53 in the onset of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, the p53 gene is found either silenced or mutated in the vast majority of cancers. Furthermore, activated wild-type p53 exhibits a strong bystander effect, thereby activating apoptosis in surrounding cells without being physically present there. For these reasons, p53-targeted therapy that is designed to restore the function of wild-type p53 in cancer cells seems to be a very appealing therapeutic approach. Systemic delivery of p53-coding DNA or RNA using nanoparticles proved to be feasible both in vitro and in vivo. In fact, one p53-based therapeutic (gendicine) is currently approved for commercial use in China. However, the broad use of p53-based therapy in p53-inactivated cancers is severely restricted by its inadequate efficacy. This review highlights the current state-of-the-art in this area of biomedical research and also discusses novel approaches that may help overcome the shortcomings of p53-targeting nanomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Szewczyk-Roszczenko
- Department of Synthesis and Technology of Drugs, Medical University of Bialystok, Kilinskiego 1, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland
| | - Nikolai A. Barlev
- Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Kerey and Zhanibek Khans St., Astana 020000, Kazakhstan
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Pogodinskaya St., Moscow 119121, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., Saint-Petersburg 194064, Russia
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Safieh J, Chazan A, Saleem H, Vyas P, Danin-Poleg Y, Ron D, Haran TE. A molecular mechanism for the "digital" response of p53 to stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2305713120. [PMID: 38015851 PMCID: PMC10710088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2305713120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor protein p53 accumulates in response to cellular stress and consequently orchestrates the expression of multiple genes in a p53-level and time-dependent manner to overcome stress consequences, for which a molecular mechanism is currently unknown. Previously, we reported that DNA torsional flexibility distinguishes among p53 response elements (REs) and that transactivation at basal p53 levels is correlated with p53 REs flexibility. Here, we calculated the flexibility of ~200 p53 REs. By connecting functional outcomes of p53-target genes' activation to the calculated flexibility of their REs, we show that genes known to belong to pathways that are activated rapidly upon stress contain REs that are significantly more flexible relative to REs of genes known to be involved in pathways that are activated later in the response to stress. The global structural properties of several p53 REs belonging to different pathways were experimentally validated. Additionally, reporter-gene expression driven by flexible p53 REs occurred at lower p53 levels and with faster rates than expression from rigid REs. Furthermore, analysis of published endogenous mRNA levels of p53-target genes as a function of REs' flexibility showed that early versus late genes differ significantly in their flexibility properties of their REs and that highly flexible p53 REs enable high-activation level exclusively to early-response genes. Overall, we demonstrate that DNA flexibility of p53 REs contributes significantly to functional selectivity in the p53 system by facilitating the initial steps of p53-dependent target-genes expression, thereby contributing to survival versus death decisions in the p53 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessy Safieh
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Ariel Chazan
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Hanna Saleem
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Pratik Vyas
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Yael Danin-Poleg
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Dina Ron
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
| | - Tali E. Haran
- Department of Biology, Technion, Technion City, Haifa2300003, Israel
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Huang Y, Xiong C, Wang C, Deng J, Zuo Z, Wu H, Xiong J, Wu X, Lu H, Hao Q, Zhou X. p53-responsive CMBL reprograms glucose metabolism and suppresses cancer development by destabilizing phosphofructokinase PFKP. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113426. [PMID: 37967006 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Aerobic glycolysis is critical for cancer progression and can be exploited in cancer therapy. Here, we report that the human carboxymethylenebutenolidase homolog (carboxymethylenebutenolidase-like [CMBL]) acts as a tumor suppressor by reprogramming glycolysis in colorectal cancer (CRC). The anti-cancer action of CMBL is mediated through its interactions with the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM25 and the glycolytic enzyme phosphofructokinase-1 platelet type (PFKP). Ectopic CMBL enhances TRIM25 binding to PFKP, leading to the ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of PFKP. Interestingly, CMBL is transcriptionally activated by p53 in response to genotoxic stress, and p53 activation represses glycolysis by promoting PFKP degradation. Remarkably, CMBL deficiency, which impairs p53's ability to inhibit glycolysis, makes tumors more sensitive to a combination therapy involving the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose. Taken together, our study demonstrates that CMBL suppresses CRC growth by inhibiting glycolysis and suggests a potential combination strategy for the treatment of CMBL-deficient CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingdan Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Lymphoma Medicine (Breast Cancer & Soft Tissue Tumor Medicine), Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Chen Xiong
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chunmeng Wang
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Zhixiang Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Huijing Wu
- Department of Lymphoma Medicine (Breast Cancer & Soft Tissue Tumor Medicine), Hubei Cancer Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Jianping Xiong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, China
| | - Xiaohua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism (Ministry of Science and Technology), Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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Shankaranarayana AH, Meduri B, Pujar GV, Hariharapura RC, Sethu AK, Singh M, Bidye D. Restoration of p53 functions by suppression of mortalin-p53 sequestration: an emerging target in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:2087-2112. [PMID: 37877348 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional inactivation of wild-type p53 is a major trait of cancerous cells. In many cases, such inactivation occurs by either TP53 gene mutations or due to overexpression of p53 binding partners. This review focuses on an overexpressed p53 binding partner called mortalin, a mitochondrial heat shock protein that sequesters both wild-type and mutant p53 in malignant cells due to changes in subcellular localization. Clinical evidence suggests a drastic depletion of the overall survival time of cancer patients with high mortalin expression. Therefore, mortalin-p53 sequestration inhibitors could be game changers in improving overall survival rates. This review explores the consequences of mortalin overexpression and challenges, status and strategies for accelerating drug discovery to suppress mortalin-p53 sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshatha Handattu Shankaranarayana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Bhagyalalitha Meduri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Gurubasavaraj Veeranna Pujar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Raghu Chandrashekar Hariharapura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Arun Kumar Sethu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Manisha Singh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
| | - Durgesh Bidye
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagara, Mysuru, 570015, India
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Łasut-Szyszka B, Rusin M. The Wheel of p53 Helps to Drive the Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087645. [PMID: 37108808 PMCID: PMC10143509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor protein is best known as an inhibitor of the cell cycle and an inducer of apoptosis. Unexpectedly, these functions of p53 are not required for its tumor suppressive activity in animal models. High-throughput transcriptomic investigations as well as individual studies have demonstrated that p53 stimulates expression of many genes involved in immunity. Probably to interfere with its immunostimulatory role, many viruses code for proteins that inactivate p53. Judging by the activities of immunity-related p53-regulated genes it can be concluded that p53 is involved in detection of danger signals, inflammasome formation and activation, antigen presentation, activation of natural killer cells and other effectors of immunity, stimulation of interferon production, direct inhibition of virus replication, secretion of extracellular signaling molecules, production of antibacterial proteins, negative feedback loops in immunity-related signaling pathways, and immunologic tolerance. Many of these p53 functions have barely been studied and require further, more detailed investigations. Some of them appear to be cell-type specific. The results of transcriptomic studies have generated many new hypotheses on the mechanisms utilized by p53 to impact on the immune system. In the future, these mechanisms may be harnessed to fight cancer and infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Łasut-Szyszka
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Marek Rusin
- Center for Translational Research and Molecular Biology of Cancer, Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice Branch, 44-101 Gliwice, Poland
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Ma L, Peterson EA, Shin IJ, Muesse J, Marino K, Steliga MA, Atiq O, Arnaoutakis K, Wardell C, Wooldridge J, Prior F, Johann DJ. An advanced molecular medicine case report of a rare human tumor using genomics, pathomics, and radiomics. Front Genet 2023; 13:987175. [PMID: 36846293 PMCID: PMC9951004 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.987175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pulmonary Sclerosing Pneumocytoma (PSP) is a rare tumor of the lung with a low malignant potential that primarily affects females. Initial studies of PSP focused primarily on analyzing features uncovered using conventional X-ray or CT imaging. In recent years, because of the widespread use of next-generation sequencing (NGS), the study of PSP at the molecular-level has emerged. Methods: Analytical approaches involving genomics, radiomics, and pathomics were performed. Genomics studies involved both DNA and RNA analyses. DNA analyses included the patient's tumor and germline tissues and involved targeted panel sequencing and copy number analyses. RNA analyses included tumor and adjacent normal tissues and involved studies covering expressed mutations, differential gene expression, gene fusions and molecular pathways. Radiomics approaches were utilized on clinical imaging studies and pathomics techniques were applied to tumor whole slide images. Results: A comprehensive molecular profiling endeavor involving over 50 genomic analyses corresponding to 16 sequencing datasets of this rare neoplasm of the lung were generated along with detailed radiomic and pathomic analyses to reveal insights into the etiology and molecular behavior of the patient's tumor. Driving mutations (AKT1) and compromised tumor suppression pathways (TP53) were revealed. To ensure the accuracy and reproducibility of this study, a software infrastructure and methodology known as NPARS, which encapsulates NGS and associated data, open-source software libraries and tools including versions, and reporting features for large and complex genomic studies was used. Conclusion: Moving beyond descriptive analyses towards more functional understandings of tumor etiology, behavior, and improved therapeutic predictability requires a spectrum of quantitative molecular medicine approaches and integrations. To-date this is the most comprehensive study of a patient with PSP, which is a rare tumor of the lung. Detailed radiomic, pathomic and genomic molecular profiling approaches were performed to reveal insights regarding the etiology and molecular behavior. In the event of recurrence, a rational therapy plan is proposed based on the uncovered molecular findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,Department of Information Science, University of Arkansas at Little Rock, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Erich A. Peterson
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Ik Jae Shin
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jason Muesse
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Katy Marino
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Mathew A. Steliga
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Omar Atiq
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Konstantinos Arnaoutakis
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Christopher Wardell
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Jacob Wooldridge
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Fred Prior
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,Department of Radiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States
| | - Donald J. Johann
- Winthrop P. Rockefeller Cancer Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States,*Correspondence: Donald J. Johann,
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7
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Context-Dependent Function of Long Noncoding RNA PURPL in Transcriptome Regulation during p53 Activation. Mol Cell Biol 2022; 42:e0028922. [PMID: 36342127 PMCID: PMC9753727 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00289-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPL is a p53-induced lncRNA that suppresses basal p53 levels. Here, we investigated PURPL upon p53 activation in liver cancer cells, where it is expressed at significantly higher levels than other cell types. Using isoform sequencing, we discovered novel PURPL transcripts that have a retained intron and/or previously unannotated exons. To determine PURPL function upon p53 activation, we performed transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) after depleting PURPL using CRISPR interference (CRISPRi), followed by Nutlin treatment to induce p53. Strikingly, although loss of PURPL in untreated cells altered the expression of only 7 genes, loss of PURPL resulted in altered expression of ~800 genes upon p53 activation, revealing a context-dependent function of PURPL. Pathway analysis suggested that PURPL is important for fine-tuning the expression of specific genes required for mitosis. Consistent with these results, we observed a significant decrease in the percentage of mitotic cells upon PURPL depletion. Collectively, these data identify novel transcripts from the PURPL locus and suggest that PURPL delicately moderates the expression of mitotic genes in the context of p53 activation to control cell cycle arrest.
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Pieroni S, Castelli M, Piobbico D, Ferracchiato S, Scopetti D, Di-Iacovo N, Della-Fazia MA, Servillo G. The Four Homeostasis Knights: In Balance upon Post-Translational Modifications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214480. [PMID: 36430960 PMCID: PMC9696182 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A cancer outcome is a multifactorial event that comes from both exogenous injuries and an endogenous predisposing background. The healthy state is guaranteed by the fine-tuning of genes controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, and development, whose alteration induces cellular behavioral changes finally leading to cancer. The function of proteins in cells and tissues is controlled at both the transcriptional and translational level, and the mechanism allowing them to carry out their functions is not only a matter of level. A major challenge to the cell is to guarantee that proteins are made, folded, assembled and delivered to function properly, like and even more than other proteins when referring to oncogenes and onco-suppressors products. Over genetic, epigenetic, transcriptional, and translational control, protein synthesis depends on additional steps of regulation. Post-translational modifications are reversible and dynamic processes that allow the cell to rapidly modulate protein amounts and function. Among them, ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications modulate the stability and control the activity of most of the proteins that manage cell cycle, immune responses, apoptosis, and senescence. The crosstalk between ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications and post-translational modifications is a keystone to quickly update the activation state of many proteins responsible for the orchestration of cell metabolism. In this light, the correct activity of post-translational machinery is essential to prevent the development of cancer. Here we summarize the main post-translational modifications engaged in controlling the activity of the principal oncogenes and tumor suppressors genes involved in the development of most human cancers.
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Zhou X, Jung JH, Lu H. Editorial: The expanding network of p53 signaling: Reaching to the unknown of cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:978056. [PMID: 36313566 PMCID: PMC9615036 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.978056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Ji Hoon Jung, Hua Lu,
| | - Ji Hoon Jung
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Ji Hoon Jung, Hua Lu,
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States
- *Correspondence: Xiang Zhou, ; Ji Hoon Jung, Hua Lu,
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10
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Fuller RN, Kabagwira J, Vallejos PA, Folkerts AD, Wall NR. Survivin Splice Variant 2β Enhances Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Resistance to Gemcitabine. Onco Targets Ther 2022; 15:1147-1160. [PMID: 36238134 PMCID: PMC9553431 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s341720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal disease with poor prognosis, as it is difficult to predict or circumvent, and it develops chemoresistance quickly. One cellular mechanism associated with chemoresistance is alternative splicing dysfunction, a process through which nascent mRNA is spliced into different isoforms. Survivin (Baculoviral IAP Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (BIRC5)), a member of the inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein family and a cell cycle-associated oncoprotein, is overexpressed in most cancers and undergoes alternative splicing (AS) to generate six different splicing isoforms. Methods To determine if survivin splice variants (SSV) could be involved in PDAC chemoresistance, a Gemcitabine (Gem) resistant (GR) cell line, MIA PaCa-2 GR, was created and assessed for its SSV levels and their potential association with GR. Cross-resistance was assessed in MIA-PaCa-2 GR cells to FIRINOX (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan, and oxaliplatin). Once chemoresistance was confirmed, RT-qPCR was used to assess the expression of survivin splice variants (SSVs) in PDAC cell lines. To confirm the effect of SSVs on chemoresistance, we used siRNA to knockdown all SSVs or SSV 2β. Results The MIA PaCa-2 GR cell line was 40 times more resistant to Gem and revealed increased resistance to FIRINOX (5-fluorouracil (5-FU), irinotecan, and oxaliplatin); when compared to the parental MIA-PaCa-2 cells. RT-qPCR studies revealed an 8-fold relative expression increase in SSV 2β and a 2- to 8-fold increase in the other five SSVs in the GR cells. Knockdown of all SSV or SSV 2β only, using small inhibitory RNA (siRNA), sensitized the GR cells to Gem, indicating that these SSVs play a role in PDAC chemoresistance. Conclusion These findings provide evidence for the potential role of SSV 2β and other SSVs in innate and acquired PDAC chemoresistance. We also show that the expression of SSVs is not affected by the type of chemoresistance, therefore targeting survivin splice variants in combination with chemotherapy could benefit a wide range of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan N Fuller
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Janviere Kabagwira
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Paul A Vallejos
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Andrew D Folkerts
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Nathan R Wall
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Basic Science, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA,Correspondence: Nathan R Wall, Center for Health Disparities & Molecular Medicine, 11085 Campus Street, Mortensen Hall 160, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA, Tel +909-558-4000 x81397, Email
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11
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Inactivation of tumor suppressor TAp63 by hepatitis B virus X protein in hepatocellular carcinoma. Chin Med J (Engl) 2022; 135:1728-1733. [PMID: 35950770 PMCID: PMC9509107 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hepatitis B virus X (HBx) protein plays a critical role in the initiation and progression of hepatitis B virus (HBV)-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In the early stage of the disease, HBx facilitates tumor onset by inactivating the tumor suppressor p53. The p53-encoding gene, however, is frequently mutated or deleted as the cancer progresses to the late stage and, under such circumstance, the p53 homolog TAp63 can harness HCC growth by transactivating several important p53-target genes. METHODS To determine whether HBx regulates TAp63, we performed co-immunoprecipitation assay, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and flow cytometry analysis in p53-null cancer cell lines, Hep3B and H1299. RESULTS HBx interacts with the transactivation domain of TAp63, as HBx was co-immunoprecipitated with TAp63 but not with ΔNp63. The interaction between HBx and TAp63 abolished transcriptional activity of TAp63, as evidenced by the reduction of the levels of its target genes p21 and PUMA , consequently leading to restricted apoptosis and augmented proliferation of HCC cells. CONCLUSION HBV induces progression of HCC that harbors defective p53 by inhibiting the tumor suppressor TAp63.
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12
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Role of Dietary Antioxidants in p53-Mediated Cancer Chemoprevention and Tumor Suppression. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9924328. [PMID: 34257824 PMCID: PMC8257365 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9924328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer arises through a complex interplay between genetic, behavioral, metabolic, and environmental factors that combined trigger cellular changes that over time promote malignancy. In terms of cancer prevention, behavioral interventions such as diet can promote genetic programs that may facilitate tumor suppression; and one of the key tumor suppressors responsible for initiating such programs is p53. The p53 protein is activated by various cellular events such as DNA damage, hypoxia, heat shock, and overexpression of oncogenes. Due to its role in cell fate decisions after DNA damage, regulatory pathways controlled by p53 help to maintain genome stability and thus “guard the genome” against mutations that cause cancer. Dietary intake of flavonoids, a C15 group of polyphenols, is known to inhibit cancer progression and assist DNA repair through p53-mediated mechanisms in human cells via their antioxidant activities. For example, quercetin arrests human cervical cancer cell growth by blocking the G2/M phase cell cycle and inducing mitochondrial apoptosis through a p53-dependent mechanism. Other polyphenols such as resveratrol upregulate p53 expression in several cancer cell lines by promoting p53 stability, which in colon cancer cells results in the activation of p53-mediated apoptosis. Finally, among vitamins, folic acid seems to play an important role in the chemoprevention of gastric carcinogenesis by enhancing gastric epithelial apoptosis in patients with premalignant lesions by significantly increased expression of p53. In this review, we discuss the role of these and other dietary antioxidants in p53-mediated cell signaling in relation to cancer chemoprevention and tumor suppression in normal and cancer cells.
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13
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Hao Q, Chen J, Liao J, Huang Y, Gan Y, Larisch S, Zeng SX, Lu H, Zhou X. p53 induces ARTS to promote mitochondrial apoptosis. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:204. [PMID: 33627621 PMCID: PMC7904775 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis related protein in TGF-β signaling pathway (ARTS) was originally discovered in cells undergoing apoptosis in response to TGF-β, but ARTS also acts downstream of many other apoptotic stimuli. ARTS induces apoptosis by antagonizing the anti-apoptotic proteins XIAP and Bcl-2. Here we identified the pro-apoptotic Sept4/ARTS gene as a p53-responsive target gene. Ectopic p53 and a variety of p53-inducing agents increased both mRNA and protein levels of ARTS, whereas ablation of p53 reduced ARTS expression in response to multiple stress conditions. Also, γ-irradiation induced p53-dependent ARTS expression in mice. Consistently, p53 binds to the responsive DNA element on the ARTS promoter and transcriptionally activated the promoter-driven expression of a luciferase reporter gene. Interestingly, ARTS binds to and sequesters p53 at mitochondria, enhancing the interaction of the latter with Bcl-XL. Ectopic ARTS markedly augments DNA damage stress- or Nutlin-3-triggered apoptosis, while ablation of ARTS preferentially impairs p53-induced apoptosis. Altogether, these findings demonstrate that ARTS collaborates with p53 in mitochondria-engaged apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Jiaxiang Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Junming Liao
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yingdan Huang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Sarit Larisch
- Cell Death and Cancer Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Haifa, Haifa, 31905, Israel
| | - Shelya X Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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14
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Liu J, Zhang C, Hu W, Feng Z. Tumor suppressor p53 and metabolism. J Mol Cell Biol 2020; 11:284-292. [PMID: 30500901 PMCID: PMC6487777 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
p53 plays a key role in tumor suppression. The tumor suppressive function of p53 has long been attributed to its ability to induce apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and senescence in cells. However, recent studies suggest that other functions of p53 also contribute to its role as a tumor suppressor, such as its function in metabolic regulation. p53 regulates various metabolic pathways to maintain the metabolic homeostasis of cells and adapt cells to stress. In addition, recent studies have also shown that gain-of-function (GOF) mutant p53 proteins drive metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, contributing to cancer progression. Further understanding of p53 and its GOF mutants in metabolism will provide new opportunities for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Cen Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Wenwei Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Zhaohui Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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15
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Hao Q, Chen Y, Zhou X. The Janus Face of p53-Targeting Ubiquitin Ligases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9071656. [PMID: 32660118 PMCID: PMC7407405 DOI: 10.3390/cells9071656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor p53 prevents tumorigenesis and cancer progression by maintaining genomic stability and inducing cell growth arrest and apoptosis. Because of the extremely detrimental nature of wild-type p53, cancer cells usually mutate the TP53 gene in favor of their survival and propagation. Some of the mutant p53 proteins not only lose the wild-type activity, but also acquire oncogenic function, namely “gain-of-function”, to promote cancer development. Growing evidence has revealed that various E3 ubiquitin ligases are able to target both wild-type and mutant p53 for degradation or inactivation, and thus play divergent roles leading to cancer cell survival or death in the context of different p53 status. In this essay, we reviewed the recent progress in our understanding of the p53-targeting E3 ubiquitin ligases, and discussed the potential clinical implications of these E3 ubiquitin ligases in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Yajie Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China;
- Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics, International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Ministry of Science and Technology, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-21-54237325
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16
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Hao Q, Wang J, Chen Y, Wang S, Cao M, Lu H, Zhou X. Dual regulation of p53 by the ribosome maturation factor SBDS. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:197. [PMID: 32198344 PMCID: PMC7083877 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2393-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Shwachman-Bodian Diamond syndrome (SBDS)-associated gene, SBDS, is involved in rRNA synthesis and ribosome maturation, but the role of SBDS in cancer is largely elusive. In this study, we found that SBDS is often overexpressed or amplified in human cancers, and high level of endogenous SBDS is significantly associated with unfavorable prognosis. Conversely, knockdown of SBDS leads to p53 stabilization and activation through the ribosomal stress-RPL5/RPL11-MDM2 pathway, resulting in the repression of cancer cell proliferation and invasion. Interestingly, ectopic SBDS in the nucleoplasm also suppresses tumor cell growth and proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, ectopically expressed SBDS triggered by, for example, ribosomal stress binds to the transactivation domain of p53 and perturbs the MDM2-p53 interaction, consequently leading to impaired p53 ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Altogether, our finding for the first time demonstrates the dual functions of SBDS in cancer development by coordinating ribosome biogenesis and p53 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
| | - Jieqiong Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Yajie Chen
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Shanshan Wang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Mingming Cao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,The Shanghai Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and the International Co-laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer in Shanghai, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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17
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Sun X, Thorne RF, Zhang XD, He M, Li J, Feng S, Liu X, Wu M. LncRNA GUARDIN suppresses cellular senescence through a LRP130-PGC1α-FOXO4-p21-dependent signaling axis. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48796. [PMID: 32149459 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 12/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA GUARDIN functions to protect genome stability. Inhibiting GUARDIN expression can alter cell fate decisions toward senescence or apoptosis, but the underlying molecular signals are unknown. Here, we show that GUARDIN is an essential component of a transcriptional repressor complex involving LRP130 and PGC1α. GUARDIN acts as a scaffold to stabilize LRP130/PGC1α heterodimers and their occupancy at the FOXO4 promotor. Destabilizing this complex by silencing of GUARDIN, LRP130, or PGC1α leads to increased expression of FOXO4 and upregulation of its target gene p21, thereby driving cells into senescence. We also found that GUARDIN expression was induced by rapamycin, an agent that suppresses cell senescence. FOS-like antigen 2 (FOSL2) acts as a transcriptional repressor of GUARDIN, and lower FOSL2 levels in response to rapamycin correlate with increased levels of GUARDIN. Together, these results demonstrate that GUARDIN inhibits p21-dependent senescence through a LRP130-PGC1α-FOXO4 signaling axis, and moreover, GUARDIN contributes to the anti-aging activities of rapamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuedan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Rick Francis Thorne
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Environmental & Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Xu Dong Zhang
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences & Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Miao He
- High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, China
| | - Jinming Li
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, Department of Developmental & Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,School of Life Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Mian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China and The First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.,Translational Research Institute, Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Differentiation & Modification, School of Clinical Medicine, Henan University, Zhengzhou, China
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18
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Samarakkody AS, Shin NY, Cantor AB. Role of RUNX Family Transcription Factors in DNA Damage Response. Mol Cells 2020; 43:99-106. [PMID: 32024352 PMCID: PMC7057837 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells are constantly exposed to endogenous and exogenous stresses that can result in DNA damage. In response, they have evolved complex pathways to maintain genomic integrity. RUNX family transcription factors (RUNX1, RUNX2, and RUNX3 in mammals) are master regulators of development and differentiation, and are frequently dysregulated in cancer. A growing body of research also implicates RUNX proteins as regulators of the DNA damage response, often acting in conjunction with the p53 and Fanconi anemia pathways. In this review, we discuss the functional role and mechanisms involved in RUNX factor mediated response to DNA damage and other cellular stresses. We highlight the impact of these new findings on our understanding of cancer predisposition associated with RUNX factor dysregulation and their implications for designing novel approaches to prevent cancer formation in affected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Sanoji Samarakkody
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 025, USA
| | - Nah-Young Shin
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 025, USA
| | - Alan B. Cantor
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital and Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 025, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 0138, USA
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19
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Derech-Haim S, Friedman Y, Hizi A, Bakhanashvili M. p53 regulates its own expression by an intrinsic exoribonuclease activity through AU-rich elements. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:437-449. [PMID: 32016559 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01884-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The onco-suppressor p53 protein plays also an important role in the control of various aspects of health and disease. p53 levels are low in normal cells and elevated under stress conditions. While low levels of p53 promote tumor formation, overactive p53 leads to premature aging and cell death. RNA degradation is a critical level of regulation contributing to the control of gene expression. p53, as an RNA-binding protein, exerts 3' → 5' exoribonuclease activity, mediating degradation of adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (ARE)-containing ssRNAs. The 3'-UTR of p53-mRNA, which is a target of p53 itself, harbors cis-acting AREs. Our results suggest that p53 controls its own expression through murine double-minute 2 (mdm2)-independent "RNA decay" function in cytoplasm. We demonstrate that p53 expresses an exoribonuclease activity through the binding to ARE sequences of p53-mRNA via translation-independent and translation-dependent polysome-associated pathways. Antagonistic interplay was detected between p53 levels and execution of its exoribonuclease function mirrored in low p53 levels in normal cells, due to the efficient exoribonuclease activity, and in the accumulation of p53 in cells exposed to p53-activating drugs in accordance with the reduced exoribonuclease activity. Apparently, p53, via control of its own mRNA stability and/or translation in cytoplasm, might act as a negative regulator of p53-mRNA levels. The observed connection between exoribonuclease activity and p53 abundance highlights the importance of this function affecting p53 expression, imperative for multiple functions, with implications for the steady-state levels of protein and for the p53 stress response. The modulation in expression of exoribonuclease activity would be translated into the alterations in p53 level. KEY MESSAGES: p53 controls its own expression through mdm2-independent "RNA decay" function in cytoplasm. p53 expresses an exoribonuclease activity through the binding to ARE sequences of p53-mRNA. Antagonistic interplay exists between stress-induced p53 and execution of its exoribonuclease function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanaz Derech-Haim
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Yael Friedman
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Amnon Hizi
- Department of Cellular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Mary Bakhanashvili
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Sheba Medical Center, 5265601, Tel-Hashomer, Israel.
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
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20
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Haupt S, Caramia F, Herschtal A, Soussi T, Lozano G, Chen H, Liang H, Speed TP, Haupt Y. Identification of cancer sex-disparity in the functional integrity of p53 and its X chromosome network. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5385. [PMID: 31772231 PMCID: PMC6879765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13266-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The disproportionately high prevalence of male cancer is poorly understood. We tested for sex-disparity in the functional integrity of the major tumor suppressor p53 in sporadic cancers. Our bioinformatics analyses expose three novel levels of p53 impact on sex-disparity in 12 non-reproductive cancer types. First, TP53 mutation is more frequent in these cancers among US males than females, with poorest survival correlating with its mutation. Second, numerous X-linked genes are associated with p53, including vital genomic regulators. Males are at unique risk from alterations of their single copies of these genes. High expression of X-linked negative regulators of p53 in wild-type TP53 cancers corresponds with reduced survival. Third, females exhibit an exceptional incidence of non-expressed mutations among p53-associated X-linked genes. Our data indicate that poor survival in males is contributed by high frequencies of TP53 mutations and an inability to shield against deregulated X-linked genes that engage in p53 networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.
| | - Franco Caramia
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan Herschtal
- Department of Biometrics Novotech, Carlton, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - Thierry Soussi
- Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Cancer Center Karolinska, Solna, Sweden.,INSERM, U1138, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France
| | - Guillermina Lozano
- The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Hu Chen
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Han Liang
- Graduate Program in Quantitative and Computational Biosciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Terence P Speed
- Bioinformatics Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Ygal Haupt
- Tumor Suppression Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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21
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Ubiquitin ligase TRIM71 suppresses ovarian tumorigenesis by degrading mutant p53. Cell Death Dis 2019; 10:737. [PMID: 31570706 PMCID: PMC6769007 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-019-1977-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hotspot p53 mutants augment cancer cell proliferation, metastasis and metabolism through their gain-of-function (GOF). Ovarian cancer sustains the highest frequency of TP53 mutations, but the mechanisms underlying regulation of mutant p53s’ GOF in this type of cancer remain incompletely understood. Herein, we identified the E3-ubiquitin ligase TRIM71 as a novel mutant p53-binding protein. Ectopic TRIM71-induced ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of mutant p53 by binding to its transactivation (TA) domain, and inhibited the expression of a broad spectrum of mutant p53 target genes. Ectopic TRIM71 also restrained, whereas ablation of TRIM71 endorsed, ovarian carcinoma cell growth in vitro and in vivo. Significantly, TRIM71 overexpression is highly associated with favorable prognosis, particularly, in TP53-mutated ovarian carcinomas. Altogether, our findings unveil the anti-tumor function of TRIM71 in ovarian cancer development and prognosis by downregulating mutant p53s.
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22
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Liu Y, Tavana O, Gu W. p53 modifications: exquisite decorations of the powerful guardian. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:564-577. [PMID: 31282934 PMCID: PMC6736412 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The last 40 years have witnessed how p53 rose from a viral binding protein to a central factor in both stress responses and tumor suppression. The exquisite regulation of p53 functions is of vital importance for cell fate decisions. Among the multiple layers of mechanisms controlling p53 function, posttranslational modifications (PTMs) represent an efficient and precise way. Major p53 PTMs include phosphorylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, and methylation. Meanwhile, other PTMs like sumoylation, neddylation, O-GlcNAcylation, adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation, hydroxylation, and β-hydroxybutyrylation are also shown to play various roles in p53 regulation. By independent action or interaction, PTMs affect p53 stability, conformation, localization, and binding partners. Deregulation of the PTM-related pathway is among the major causes of p53-associated developmental disorders or diseases, especially in cancers. This review focuses on the roles of different p53 modification types and shows how these modifications are orchestrated to produce various outcomes by modulating p53 activities or targeted to treat different diseases caused by p53 dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Liu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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23
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Wu J. What's knowledge is prologue: celebrating the 40th anniversary of the p53 discovery. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:523. [PMID: 31291649 PMCID: PMC6736407 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiarui Wu
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China E-mail:
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24
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Zhou X, Hao Q, Lu H. Mutant p53 in cancer therapy-the barrier or the path. J Mol Cell Biol 2019; 11:293-305. [PMID: 30508182 PMCID: PMC6487791 DOI: 10.1093/jmcb/mjy072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Since wild-type p53 is central for maintaining genomic stability and preventing oncogenesis, its coding gene TP53 is highly mutated in ~50% of human cancers, and its activity is almost abrogated in the rest of cancers. Approximately 80% of p53 mutations are single point mutations with several hotspot mutations. Besides loss of function and dominant-negative effect on the wild-type p53 activity, the hotspot p53 mutants also acquire new oncogenic functions, so-called 'gain-of-functions' (GOF). Because the GOF of mutant p53 is highly associated with late-stage malignance and drug resistance, these p53 mutants have become hot targets for developing novel cancer therapies. In this essay, we review some recent progresses in better understanding of the role of mutant p53 GOF in chemoresistance and the underlying mechanisms, and discuss the pros and cons of targeting mutant p53 for the development of anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Zhou
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, and Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenetics and Metabolism, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Hao
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Tulane Cancer Center, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
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25
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Pennington KL, Chan TY, Torres MP, Andersen JL. The dynamic and stress-adaptive signaling hub of 14-3-3: emerging mechanisms of regulation and context-dependent protein-protein interactions. Oncogene 2018; 37:5587-5604. [PMID: 29915393 PMCID: PMC6193947 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0348-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
14-3-3 proteins are a family of structurally similar phospho-binding proteins that regulate essentially every major cellular function. Decades of research on 14-3-3s have revealed a remarkable network of interacting proteins that demonstrate how 14-3-3s integrate and control multiple signaling pathways. In particular, these interactions place 14-3-3 at the center of the signaling hub that governs critical processes in cancer, including apoptosis, cell cycle progression, autophagy, glucose metabolism, and cell motility. Historically, the majority of 14-3-3 interactions have been identified and studied under nutrient-replete cell culture conditions, which has revealed important nutrient driven interactions. However, this underestimates the reach of 14-3-3s. Indeed, the loss of nutrients, growth factors, or changes in other environmental conditions (e.g., genotoxic stress) will not only lead to the loss of homeostatic 14-3-3 interactions, but also trigger new interactions, many of which are likely stress adaptive. This dynamic nature of the 14-3-3 interactome is beginning to come into focus as advancements in mass spectrometry are helping to probe deeper and identify context-dependent 14-3-3 interactions-providing a window into adaptive phosphorylation-driven cellular mechanisms that orchestrate the tumor cell's response to a variety of environmental conditions including hypoxia and chemotherapy. In this review, we discuss emerging 14-3-3 regulatory mechanisms with a focus on post-translational regulation of 14-3-3 and dynamic protein-protein interactions that illustrate 14-3-3's role as a stress-adaptive signaling hub in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Pennington
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - T Y Chan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - M P Torres
- School of Biological Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - J L Andersen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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26
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Niazi S, Purohit M, Niazi JH. Role of p53 circuitry in tumorigenesis: A brief review. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:7-24. [PMID: 30199707 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Maintenance of genome integrity under the stressed condition is paramount for normal functioning of cells in the multicellular organisms. Cells are programmed to protect their genome through specialized adaptive mechanisms which will help decide their fate under stressed conditions. These mechanisms are the outcome of activation of the intricate circuitries that are regulated by the p53 master protein. In this paper, we provided a comprehensive review on p53, p53 homologues and their isoforms, including a description about the ubiquitin-proteasome system emphasizing its role in p53 regulation. p53 induced E3(Ub)-ligases are an integral part of the ubiquitin-proteasome system. This review outlines the roles of important E3(Ub)-ligases and their splice variants in maintaining cellular p53 protein homeostasis. It also covers up-to-date and relevant information on small molecule Mdm2 inhibitors originated from different organizations. The review ends with a discussion on future prospects and investigation directives for the development of next-generation modulators as p53 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraj Niazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy-Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India.
| | - Madhusudan Purohit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy-Mysuru, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, 570015, India.
| | - Javed H Niazi
- Sabanci University SUNUM Nanotechnology Research Centre, TR-34956, Istanbul, Turkey
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27
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Labuschagne CF, Zani F, Vousden KH. Control of metabolism by p53 - Cancer and beyond. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2018; 1870:32-42. [PMID: 29883595 PMCID: PMC6102416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2018.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
p53 is an important tumour suppressor gene, with loss of p53 contributing to the development of most human cancers. However, the activation of p53 in response to stress signals underpins a role for p53 in diverse aspects of health and disease. Activities of p53 that regulate metabolism can play a role in maintaining homeostasis and protecting cells from damage - so preventing disease development. By contrast, either loss or over-activation of p53 can contribute to numerous metabolic pathologies, including aging, obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Zani
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Karen H Vousden
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK.
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28
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Li D, Tavana O, Sun SC, Gu W. Peli1 Modulates the Subcellular Localization and Activity of Mdmx. Cancer Res 2018; 78:2897-2910. [PMID: 29523541 PMCID: PMC5984691 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mdm2 and Mdmx, both major repressors of p53 in human cancers, are predominantly localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm, respectively. The mechanism by which subcellular localization of Mdmx is regulated remains unclear. In this study, we identify the E3 ligase Peli1 as a major binding partner and regulator of Mdmx in human cells. Peli1 bound Mdmx in vitro and in vivo and promoted high levels of ubiquitination of Mdmx. Peli1-mediated ubiquitination was degradation-independent, promoting cytoplasmic localization of Mdmx, which in turn resulted in p53 activation. Consistent with this, knockdown or knockout Peli1 in human cancer cells induced nuclear localization of Mdmx and suppressed p53 activity. Myc-induced tumorigenesis was accelerated in Peli1-null mice and associated with downregulation of p53 function. Clinical samples of human cutaneous melanoma had decreased Peli1 expression, which was associated with poor overall survival. Together, these results demonstrate that Peli1 acts as a critical factor for the Mdmx-p53 axis by modulating the subcellular localization and activity of Mdmx, thus revealing a novel mechanism of Mdmx deregulation in human cancers.Significance: Peli1-mediated regulation of Mdmx, a major inhibitor of p53, provides critical insight into activation of p53 function in human cancers. Cancer Res; 78(11); 2897-910. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Omid Tavana
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Shao-Cong Sun
- Department of Immunology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, MD Anderson Cancer Center UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, New York.
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29
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Hamilton ME, Bols NC, Duncker BP. The characterization of γH2AX and p53 as biomarkers of genotoxic stress in a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) brain cell line. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 201:850-858. [PMID: 29554631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Rainbow trout cell cultures were exposed to three genotoxicants and examined for effects on γH2AX and p53 levels by western blotting and on cell viability using the indicator dyes Alamar Blue (AB) for energy metabolism and 5'-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester (CFDA-AM) for plasma membrane integrity. Bleomycin induced γH2AX and p53 in a dose- and time-dependent manner and had little cytotoxic effect. However, induction was first seen at 0.3 μM for γH2AX but not until 16.5 μM for p53. Methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) increased H2AX phosphorylation but diminished p53 levels as the dose was increased from 908 μM up to 2724 μM. Over this dose range cell viability was progressively lost. 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (NQO) induced both γH2AX and p53, beginning at 62.5 nM, which was also the concentration at which cell viability began to decline. As the NQO concentration increased further, elevated γH2AX was detected at up to 2.0 μM, while p53 was elevated up to 1.0 μM. Therefore, H2AX phosphorylation was superior to p53 levels as a marker of DNA damage caused by genotoxicants that act by introducing double-stranded DNA breaks (bleomycin), alkyl groups (MMS), and quinoline adducts (NQO).
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Hamilton
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Niels C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Bernard P Duncker
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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30
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Chen G, Zhou T, Li Y, Yu Z, Sun L. p53 target miR-29c-3p suppresses colon cancer cell invasion and migration through inhibition of PHLDB2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 487:90-95. [PMID: 28392396 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
miR-29c-3p is a potential tumor suppressor microRNA that is reportedly downregulated in several types of human cancers, but its role in colon cancer remains to be elucidated. Meanwhile, TP53, one of the most important tumor suppressors, is highly mutated in colon cancer. In the attempt to connect p53 and miR-29c-3p, we found that the upstream of miR-29c-3p gene contains a functional p53 consensus responsive element that is driven by p53 transcriptional factor activity, suggesting miR-29c-3p as a direct p53 target gene. Through online software prediction and in vivo validation, we demonstrated that Pleckstrin Homology Like Domain Family Member 2 (PHLDB2) is a valid miR-29c-3p target gene. Analysis of human cancer databases available from PROGgeneV2 showed that higher expression of PHLDB2 is associated with shorter overall survival and metastasis-free survival of colon cancer patients. Further, suppression of colon cancer cell invasion and migration by miR-29c-3p was significantly attenuated in the presence of ectopic PHLDB2, indicating PHLDB2 is a critical downstream target of miR-29c-3p. Collectively, our findings present the first to elucidate that miR-29c is a direct p53 target gene, and also identify PHLDB2 as an important miR-29c target gene involved in colon cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geng Chen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Department of Gastroenterology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhenxiang Yu
- Department of Respiration, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Liankun Sun
- Department of Pathophysiology, Basic College of Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Zhou WH, Dong L, Du MR, Zhu XY, Li DJ. Cyclosporin A improves murine pregnancy outcome in abortion-prone matings: involvement of CD80/86 and CD28/CTLA-4. Reproduction 2008; 135:385-95. [DOI: 10.1530/rep-07-0063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Immune regulation during pregnancy is complex, and thus an optimal therapy for pregnancy complications is always a big challenge to reproductive medicine. Cyclosporin A (CsA), a potent immunosuppressant, prevents rejection of allografts by hosts, but little is known about the modulating effect of CsA on the materno-fetal relationship. Here, pregnant CBA/J females mated with DBA/2 males as an abortion-prone model were administered with CsA on day 4.5 of gestation, and the pregnant CBA/J females mated with BALB/c males were established as successful pregnancy control. It was demonstrated that administration of CsA at the window of implantation significantly up-regulated the expression of CTLA-4, while down-regulating the levels of CD80, CD86, and CD28 at the materno-fetal interface in the CBA/J×DBA/2 abortion-prone matings, and the embryo resorption rate of the abortion-prone matings reduced significantly after CsA treatment, implying that modulation of costimulatory molecule expression by CsA might contribute to preventing the fetus from maternal immune attack. In addition, treatment with CsA induced enhanced growth and reduced cell apoptosis of the murine trophoblast cells. Together, these findings indicate that CsA has a beneficial effect on the materno-fetal interface in abortion-prone matings, leading to a pregnancy outcome improvement, which might provide new therapeutics for spontaneous pregnancy wastage.
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