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de Oliveira JC, de Melo Katak R, Muniz VA, de Oliveira MR, Rocha EM, da Silva WR, do Carmo EJ, Roque RA, Marinotti O, Terenius O, Astolfi-Filho S. Bacteria isolated from Aedes aegypti with potential vector control applications. J Invertebr Pathol 2024; 204:108094. [PMID: 38479456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2024.108094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Highly anthropophilic and adapted to urban environments, Aedes aegypti mosquitoes are the main vectors of arboviruses that cause human diseases such as dengue, zika, and chikungunya fever, especially in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. Microorganisms with mosquitocidal and larvicidal activities have been suggested as environmentally safe alternatives to chemical or mechanical mosquito control methods. Here, we analyzed cultivable bacteria isolated from all stages of the mosquito life cycle for their larvicidal activity against Ae. aegypti. A total of 424 bacterial strains isolated from eggs, larvae, pupae, or adult Ae. aegypti were analyzed for the pathogenic potential of their crude cultures against larvae of this same mosquito species. Nine strains displayed larvicidal activity comparable to the strain AM65-52, reisolated from commercial BTi-based product VectoBac® WG. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that the set of larvicidal strains contains two representatives of the genus Bacillus, five Enterobacter, and two Stenotrophomonas. This study demonstrates that some bacteria isolated from Ae. aegypti are pathogenic for the mosquito from which they were isolated. The data are promising for developing novel bioinsecticides for the control of these medically important mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marta Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", University of São Paulo - ESALQ - USP, Brazil
| | - Elerson Matos Rocha
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Central Multiuser Laboratory, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Edson Júnior do Carmo
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB/UFAM, Brazil
| | | | - Osvaldo Marinotti
- Department of Biology, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
| | - Olle Terenius
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 596, SE-751 24 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Spartaco Astolfi-Filho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia - PPGBIOTEC/UFAM, Brazil; Instituto de Ciências Biológicas - ICB/UFAM, Brazil
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Dos Santos LA, Cayô R, Valiatti TB, Gales AC, de Araújo LFB, Rodrigues FM, de Carvalho TS, Vaz MAB, Campanharo M. Biodiversity of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in clinical samples from the Southwest Amazon region (Rondônia/Brazil). Sci Rep 2024; 14:9383. [PMID: 38654061 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59733-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Brazil is recognized for its biodiversity and the genetic variability of its organisms. This genetic variability becomes even more valuable when it is properly documented and accessible. Understanding bacterial diversity through molecular characterization is necessary as it can improve patient treatment, reduce the length of hospital stays and the selection of resistant bacteria, and generate data for health and epidemiological surveillance. In this sense, in this study, we aimed to understand the biodiversity and molecular epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in clinical samples recovered in the state of Rondônia, located in the Southwest Amazon region. Retrospective data from the Central Public Health Laboratories (LACEN/RO) between 2018 and 2021 were analysed using the Laboratory Environment Manager Platform (GAL). Seventy-two species with carbapenem resistance profiles were identified, of which 25 species carried at least one gene encoding carbapenemases of classes A (blaKPC-like), B (blaNDM-like, blaSPM-like or blaVIM-like) and D (blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-24-like, blaOXA-48-like, blaOXA-58-like or blaOXA-143-like), among which we will highlight Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Serratia marcescens, and Providencia spp. With these results, we hope to contribute to the field by providing epidemiological molecular data for state surveillance on bacterial resistance and assisting in public policy decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levy Assis Dos Santos
- Federal University of Rondônia Foundation (UNIR), Postgraduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources (PPGReN), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Rondônia (LACEN/RO), Medical Biology Center, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Cayô
- Laboratory ALERTA, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory of Bacteriology and Immunology (LIB), Department of Biological Sciences (DCB), Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences (ICAQF), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Barcelos Valiatti
- Laboratory ALERTA, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Gales
- Laboratory ALERTA, Department of Medicine, Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fatarelli Bento de Araújo
- Federal University of Rondônia Foundation (UNIR), Postgraduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources (PPGReN), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Fernando Marques Rodrigues
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Rondônia (LACEN/RO), Medical Biology Center, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Silva de Carvalho
- Central Public Health Laboratory of Rondônia (LACEN/RO), Medical Biology Center, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
| | - Marcos André Braz Vaz
- Department of Informatics and Statistics, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Marcela Campanharo
- Federal University of Rondônia Foundation (UNIR), Postgraduate Program in Conservation and Use of Natural Resources (PPGReN), Porto Velho, RO, Brazil
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Sciences (DCAB), Federal University of Espirito Santo, São Mateus, ES, Brazil
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Mosquera KD, Nilsson LKJ, de Oliveira MR, Rocha EM, Marinotti O, Håkansson S, Tadei WP, de Souza AQL, Terenius O. Comparative assessment of the bacterial communities associated with Anopheles darlingi immature stages and their breeding sites in the Brazilian Amazon. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:156. [PMID: 37127597 PMCID: PMC10150499 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05749-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neotropical anopheline mosquito Anopheles darlingi is a major malaria vector in the Americas. Studies on mosquito-associated microbiota have shown that symbiotic bacteria play a major role in host biology. Mosquitoes acquire and transmit microorganisms over their life cycle. Specifically, the microbiota of immature forms is largely acquired from their aquatic environment. Therefore, our study aimed to describe the microbial communities associated with An. darlingi immature forms and their breeding sites in the Coari municipality, Brazilian Amazon. METHODS Larvae, pupae, and breeding water were collected in two different geographical locations. Samples were submitted for DNA extraction and high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was conducted. Microbial ecology analyses were performed to explore and compare the bacterial profiles of An. darlingi and their aquatic habitats. RESULTS We found lower richness and diversity in An. darlingi microbiota than in water samples, which suggests that larvae are colonized by a subset of the bacterial community present in their breeding sites. Moreover, the bacterial community composition of the immature mosquitoes and their breeding water differed according to their collection sites, i.e., the microbiota associated with An. darlingi reflected that in the aquatic habitats where they developed. The three most abundant bacterial classes across the An. darlingi samples were Betaproteobacteria, Clostridia, and Gammaproteobacteria, while across the water samples they were Gammaproteobacteria, Bacilli, and Alphaproteobacteria. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reinforce the current evidence that the environment strongly shapes the composition and diversity of mosquito microbiota. A better understanding of mosquito-microbe interactions will contribute to identifying microbial candidates impacting host fitness and disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine D Mosquera
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise K J Nilsson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Marta Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia (PPG-BIONORTE), Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Elerson Matos Rocha
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, Central Multi User Laboratory, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, Brazil
| | | | - Sebastian Håkansson
- Division of Applied Microbiology, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Wanderli P Tadei
- Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Antonia Queiroz Lima de Souza
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture (ESALQ), University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Olle Terenius
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Biomedical Centre (BMC), Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Uppsala, Sweden.
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dos Santos NAC, de Carvalho VR, Souza-Neto JA, Alonso DP, Ribolla PEM, Medeiros JF, Araujo MDS. Bacterial Microbiota from Lab-Reared and Field-Captured Anopheles darlingi Midgut and Salivary Gland. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1145. [PMID: 37317119 PMCID: PMC10224351 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Anopheles darlingi is a major malaria vector in the Amazon region and, like other vectors, harbors a community of microorganisms with which it shares a network of interactions. Here, we describe the diversity and bacterial composition from the midguts and salivary glands of lab-reared and field-captured An. darlingi using metagenome sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The libraries were built using the amplification of the region V3-V4 16S rRNA gene. The bacterial community from the salivary glands was more diverse and richer than the community from the midguts. However, the salivary glands and midguts only showed dissimilarities in beta diversity between lab-reared mosquitoes. Despite that, intra-variability was observed in the samples. Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were dominant in the tissues of lab-reared mosquitoes. Sequences of Wolbachia and Asaia were both found in the tissue of lab-reared mosquitoes; however, only Asaia was found in field-captured An. darlingi, but in low abundance. This is the first report on the characterization of microbiota composition from the salivary glands of An. darlingi from lab-reared and field-captured individuals. This study can provide invaluable insights for future investigations regarding mosquito development and interaction between mosquito microbiota and Plasmodium sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najara Akira Costa dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Departament of Medicine, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia/Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (N.A.C.d.S.); (J.F.M.)
- Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária-PIVEM, Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rafaela de Carvalho
- Multiuser Central Laboratory, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (J.A.S.-N.)
| | - Jayme A. Souza-Neto
- Multiuser Central Laboratory, Department of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18610-034, SP, Brazil; (V.R.d.C.); (J.A.S.-N.)
| | - Diego Peres Alonso
- Department of Biotecnology (IBTEC–Campus Botucatu), Instituto de Biotecnologia da UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil; (D.P.A.); (P.E.M.R.)
| | - Paulo Eduardo Martins Ribolla
- Department of Biotecnology (IBTEC–Campus Botucatu), Instituto de Biotecnologia da UNESP, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil; (D.P.A.); (P.E.M.R.)
| | - Jansen Fernandes Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Experimental, Departament of Medicine, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia/Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil; (N.A.C.d.S.); (J.F.M.)
- Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária-PIVEM, Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
| | - Maisa da Silva Araujo
- Plataforma de Produção e Infecção de Vetores da Malária-PIVEM, Laboratório de Entomologia, Fiocruz Rondônia, Porto Velho 76812-245, RO, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Conservação e uso de Recursos Naturais–PPGReN, Departament of Biology, Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia, Campus José Ribeiro Filho, Porto Velho 76801-059, RO, Brazil
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Translacional e Clínica, Centro de Pesquisa em Medicina Tropical, Porto Velho 76812-329, RO, Brazil
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Calumby RJN, de Almeida LM, de Barros YN, Segura WD, Barbosa VT, da Silva AT, Dornelas CB, Alvino V, Grillo LAM. Characterization of cultivable intestinal microbiota in Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and determination of its cellulolytic activity. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 110:e21881. [PMID: 35263470 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus is an agricultural pest that affects various palm crops, including coconut (Cocos nucifera) plantations which are prominent in the economy of Northeastern Brazil. Characterization of the intestinal microbiota of R. palmarum, as well as elucidation of aspects related to the biochemistry and physiology of the insect's digestion, is essential for intervention in specific metabolic processes as a form of pest control. Thus, this study aimed to characterize the intestinal microbiota of R. palmarum and investigate its ability to degrade cellulosic substrates, to explore new biological control measures. Intestinal dissection of eight adult R. palmarum insects was performed in a laminar flow chamber, and the intestines were homogenized in sterile phosphate-buffered saline solution. Subsequently, serial dilution aliquots of these solutions were spread on nutritive agar plates for the isolation of bacteria and fungi. The microorganisms were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with a time-of-flight mass spectrometry and evaluated for their ability to degrade cellulose. Fourteen bacterial genera (Acinetobacter, Alcaligenes, Arthrobacter, Bacillus, Citrobacter, Enterococcus, Kerstersia, Lactococcus, Micrococcus, Proteus, Providencia, Pseudomonas, Serratia, and Staphylococcus) and two fungal genera (Candida and Saccharomyces)-assigned to the Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Ascomycota phyla-were identified. The cellulolytic activity was exhibited by six bacterial and one fungal species; of these, Bacillus cereus demonstrated the highest enzyme synthesis (enzymatic index = 4.6). This is the first study characterizing the R. palmarum intestinal microbiota, opening new perspectives for the development of strategies for the biological control of this insect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo J N Calumby
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Lara M de Almeida
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Yasmin N de Barros
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson D Segura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valcilaine T Barbosa
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Antonio T da Silva
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Camila B Dornelas
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Valter Alvino
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Luciano A M Grillo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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Djihinto OY, Medjigbodo AA, Gangbadja ARA, Saizonou HM, Lagnika HO, Nanmede D, Djossou L, Bohounton R, Sovegnon PM, Fanou MJ, Agonhossou R, Akoton R, Mousse W, Djogbénou LS. Malaria-Transmitting Vectors Microbiota: Overview and Interactions With Anopheles Mosquito Biology. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:891573. [PMID: 35668761 PMCID: PMC9164165 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.891573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a vector-borne infectious disease that is still a major public health concern worldwide, especially in tropical regions. Malaria is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium and transmitted through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. The control interventions targeting mosquito vectors have achieved significant success during the last two decades and rely mainly on the use of chemical insecticides through the insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS). Unfortunately, resistance to conventional insecticides currently being used in public health is spreading in the natural mosquito populations, hampering the long-term success of the current vector control strategies. Thus, to achieve the goal of malaria elimination, it appears necessary to improve vector control approaches through the development of novel environment-friendly tools. Mosquito microbiota has by now given rise to the expansion of innovative control tools, such as the use of endosymbionts to target insect vectors, known as "symbiotic control." In this review, we will present the viral, fungal and bacterial diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes, including the bacteriophages. This review discusses the likely interactions between the vector microbiota and its fitness and resistance to insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oswald Y. Djihinto
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adandé A. Medjigbodo
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Albert R. A. Gangbadja
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Helga M. Saizonou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Hamirath O. Lagnika
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Dyane Nanmede
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Laurette Djossou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Roméo Bohounton
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Pierre Marie Sovegnon
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Marie-Joel Fanou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Romuald Agonhossou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Romaric Akoton
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Wassiyath Mousse
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Luc S. Djogbénou
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research Centre (TIDRC), University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
- Regional Institute of Public Health, University of Abomey-Calavi, Ouidah, Benin
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Birnberg L, Climent-Sanz E, Codoñer FM, Busquets N. Microbiota Variation Across Life Stages of European Field-Caught Anopheles atroparvus and During Laboratory Colonization: New Insights for Malaria Research. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:775078. [PMID: 34899658 PMCID: PMC8652072 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.775078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential use of bacteria for developing novel vector control approaches has awakened new interests in the study of the microbiota associated with vector species. To set a baseline for future malaria research, a high-throughput sequencing of the bacterial 16S ribosomal gene V3-V4 region was used to profile the microbiota associated with late-instar larvae, newly emerged females, and wild-caught females of a sylvan Anopheles atroparvus population from a former malaria transmission area of Spain. Field-acquired microbiota was then assessed in non-blood-fed laboratory-reared females from the second, sixth, and 10th generations. Diversity analyses revealed that bacterial communities varied and clustered differently according to origin with sylvan larvae and newly emerged females distributing closer to laboratory-reared females than to their field counterparts. Inter-sample variation was mostly observed throughout the different developmental stages in the sylvan population. Larvae harbored the most diverse bacterial communities; wild-caught females, the poorest. In the transition from the sylvan environment to the first time point of laboratory breeding, a significant increase in diversity was observed, although this did decline under laboratory conditions. Despite diversity differences between wild-caught and laboratory-reared females, a substantial fraction of the bacterial communities was transferred through transstadial transmission and these persisted over 10 laboratory generations. Differentially abundant bacteria were mostly identified between breeding water and late-instar larvae, and in the transition from wild-caught to laboratory-reared females from the second generation. Our findings confirmed the key role of the breeding environment in shaping the microbiota of An. atroparvus. Gram-negative bacteria governed the microbiota of An. atroparvus with the prevalence of proteobacteria. Pantoea, Thorsellia, Serratia, Asaia, and Pseudomonas dominating the microbiota associated with wild-caught females, with the latter two governing the communities of laboratory-reared females. A core microbiota was identified with Pseudomonas and Serratia being the most abundant core genera shared by all sylvan and laboratory specimens. Overall, understanding the microbiota composition of An. atroparvus and how this varies throughout the mosquito life cycle and laboratory colonization paves the way when selecting potential bacterial candidates for use in microbiota-based intervention strategies against mosquito vectors, thereby improving our knowledge of laboratory-reared An. atroparvus mosquitoes for research purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lotty Birnberg
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eric Climent-Sanz
- ADM-Biopolis, Parc Cientific Universitat de València, Paterna, Spain
| | | | - Núria Busquets
- IRTA, Centre de Recerca en Sanitat Animal (CReSA, IRTA-UAB), Barcelona, Spain
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