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Cavallaro MC, Sanders CJ, Hladik ML. Measured efficacy, bioaccumulation, and leaching of a transfluthrin-based insecticidal paint: a case study with a nuisance, nonbiting aquatic insect. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:5413-5422. [PMID: 36057132 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pest management professionals will require a diverse, adaptive abatement toolbox to combat advanced challenges from disease vector and nuisance insect populations. Designed for post-application longevity, insecticidal paints offer extended residual effects on targeted insect pest populations; a measured understanding of active ingredient bioavailability over time is valuable to fully assess treatment efficacy and potential environmental risks. This study was initiated because a nuisance net-spinning caddisfly, Smicridea fasciatella, is lowering the quality of life for riverfront residents at the type locality. RESULTS We tested the efficacy and potential mobility of a transfluthrin-based paint (a.i. 0.50%), comparing the impacts of UV exposure and substrate texture over time. Direct UV exposure decreased efficacy (β ± S.E. = 0.008 ± 0.001, P < 0.001) and a coarse texture maintained greater efficacy (β ± S.E. = -3.7 ± 1.3, P = 0.004) over time. Notably, the coarse texture + indirect UV treatment maintained 100% mortality after 240 days. UV exposure and substrate texture did not have a significant impact on leachate concentrations over time, and successive immersion tests indicated a two-phase emission pattern. Bioaccumulation increased with time on the cuticle of dead adult S. fasciatella; after 24 h of direct exposure the concentration of transfluthrin was 25.3 ± 0.9 ng/caddisfly with a maximum concentration of 345 ng/caddisfly after 7 days. CONCLUSION Our predictions were validated with measured, time-dependent impacts on efficacy, leachability, and bioaccumulation. Because of the mobility of active ingredient in the environment, insecticidal paints merit low-impact protocols to improve public health outcomes and environmental safety. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cavallaro
- Bullhead City Pest Abatement District, Bullhead City, AZ, USA
- Department of Entomology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Corey J Sanders
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Valbon W, Andreazza F, Oliveira EE, Liu F, Feng B, Hall M, Klimavicz J, Coats JR, Dong K. Bioallethrin activates specific olfactory sensory neurons and elicits spatial repellency in Aedes aegypti. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:438-445. [PMID: 34661374 PMCID: PMC8748403 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of pyrethroid insecticides is a pivotal strategy for mosquito control globally. Commonly known for their insecticidal activity by acting on voltage-gated sodium channels, pyrethroids, such as bioallethrin and transfluthrin, are used in mosquito coils, emanators and other vaporizers to repel mosquitoes and other biting arthropods. However, whether specific olfactory receptor neurons are activated by pyrethroids to trigger spatial repellency remains unknown. RESULTS We used behavioral and electrophysiological approaches to elucidate the mechanism of bioallethrin repellency in Aedes aegypti, a major vector of dengue, yellow fever, Zika and chikungunya viruses. We found that bioallethrin elicits spatial (i.e. non-contact) repellency and activates a specific type of olfactory receptor neuron in mosquito antennae. Furthermore, bioallethrin repellency is significantly reduced in a mosquito mutant of Orco, an obligate olfactory co-receptor that is essential for the function of odorant receptors (Ors). These results indicate that activation of specific Or(s) by bioallethrin contributes to bioallethrin repellency. In addition, bioallethrin repellency was reduced in a pyrethroid-resistant strain that carries two mutations in the sodium channel gene that are responsible for knockdown resistance (kdr) to pyrethroids, indicating a role of activation of sodium channels in bioallethrin repellency. CONCLUSION Results from this study show that bioallethrin repellency is likely to be the result of co-activation of Or(s) and sodium channels. These findings not only contribute to our understanding of the modes of action of volatile pyrethroids in spatial repellency, but also provide a framework for developing new repellents based on the dual-target mechanism revealed. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson Valbon
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Felipe Andreazza
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Eugenio E. Oliveira
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Institute of Health and Environment, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Maura Hall
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - James Klimavicz
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Joel R. Coats
- Department of Entomology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Entomology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, Brazil
- Corresponding author: (KD)
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Moreno-Gómez M, Bueno-Marí R, Miranda MA. A Three-Pronged Approach to Studying Sublethal Insecticide Doses: Characterising Mosquito Fitness, Mosquito Biting Behaviour, and Human/Environmental Health Risks. INSECTS 2021; 12:546. [PMID: 34208127 PMCID: PMC8230870 DOI: 10.3390/insects12060546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 10/30/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide, pyrethroids are one of the most widely used insecticide classes. In addition to serving as personal protection products, they are also a key line of defence in integrated vector management programmes. Many studies have assessed the effects of sublethal pyrethroid doses on mosquito fitness and behaviour. However, much remains unknown about the biological, physiological, demographic, and behavioural effects on individual mosquitoes or mosquito populations when exposure occurs via spatial treatments. Here, females and males of two laboratory-reared mosquito species, Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus, were exposed to five different treatments: three doses of the pyrethroid prallethrin, as well as an untreated and a negative control. The effects of each treatment on mosquito species, sex, adult mortality, fertility, F1 population size, and biting behaviour were also evaluated. To compare knockdown and mortality among treatments, Mantel-Cox log-rank tests were used. The results showed that sublethal doses reduced mosquito survival, influencing population size in the next generation. They also provided 100% protection to human hosts and presented relatively low risks to human and environmental health. These findings emphasise the need for additional studies that assess the benefits of using sublethal doses as part of mosquito management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Moreno-Gómez
- Henkel Ibérica S.A, Research and Development (R&D) Insect Control Department, Carrer Llacuna 22, 1-1, 08005 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Bueno-Marí
- Laboratorios Lokímica, Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo (I+D), Ronda Auguste y Louis Lumière 23, Nave 10, Parque Tecnológico, Paterna, 46980 Valencia, Spain;
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnologia Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Miguel. A. Miranda
- Applied Zoology and Animal Conservation Research Group, University of the Balearic Islands, Cra. Valldemossa km 7,5, 07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain;
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Belsky J, Biddinger DJ, Joshi NK. Whole-Body Acute Contact Toxicity of Formulated Insecticide Mixtures to Blue Orchard Bees ( Osmia lignaria). TOXICS 2021; 9:toxics9030061. [PMID: 33802682 PMCID: PMC8002567 DOI: 10.3390/toxics9030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Blue orchard bees, [Osmia lignaria (Say) (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)], have been developed as an important pollinator for orchard crops in North America over the last 40 years. The toxicity of several pesticides to O. lignaria and other Osmia species has been previously reported. However, the field-realistic toxicity of formulated premix insecticides comprised of multiple active ingredients (each with a different mode of action) to O. lignaria has not been assessed. Here, we use a customized spray tower in a laboratory setting to assess adult male and female whole-body direct contact exposure to four formulated pesticide mixtures: thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin (TLC), imidacloprid + beta-cyfluthrin (IBC), chlorantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin (CLC) and methoxyfenozide + spinetoram (MS) by directly spraying anesthetized bees in Petri dishes. Separately, adult male and female whole-body direct contact exposure to formulated imidacloprid (I), beta-cyfluthrin (BC) and their 1:1 binary combination (IBC) was assessed using the same experimental method. Resulting mortality in each study was screened up to 96 h post-treatment to determine acute whole-body contact toxicity. In the first study, TLC and IBC resulted in statistically higher mortality at 24 and 48 h than the two other insecticide combinations tested. The CLC and MS combinations were slower acting and the highest mortality for O. lignaria exposed to these mixtures was recorded at 96 h. We did observe significant differences in toxicity between CLC and MS. In the second study, exposure to the 1:1 binary combination of IBC caused overall significantly higher mortality than exposure to I or BC alone. Both active ingredients alone, however, demonstrated equivalent levels of mortality to the 1:1 binary combination treatment at the 96 h observation reading, indicating increased speed of kill, but not necessarily increased toxicity. Significant differences in the onset of mortality following acute contact whole-body exposure to the formulated insecticide mixtures and individual active ingredients tested were consistently observed across all experiments in both studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Belsky
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - David J. Biddinger
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA;
- Penn State Fruit Research and Extension Center, Biglerville, PA 17307, USA
| | - Neelendra K. Joshi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
- Correspondence:
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Zhou G, Yu L, Wang X, Zhong D, Lee MC, Kibret S, Yan G. Behavioral response of insecticide-resistant mosquitoes against spatial repellent: A modified self-propelled particle model simulation. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0244447. [PMID: 33373422 PMCID: PMC7771694 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapidly increasing pyrethroid insecticide resistance and changes in vector biting and resting behavior pose serious challenges in malaria control. Mosquito repellents, especially spatial repellents, have received much attention from industry. We attempted to simulate interactions between mosquitoes and repellents using a machine learning method, the Self-Propelled Particle (SPP) model, which we modified to include attractiveness/repellency effects. We simulated a random walk scenario and scenarios with insecticide susceptible/resistant mosquitoes against repellent alone and against repellent plus attractant (to mimic a human host). Simulation results indicated that without attractant/repellent, mosquitoes would fly anywhere in the cage at random. With attractant, all mosquitoes were attracted to the source of the odor by the end. With repellent, all insecticide-susceptible mosquitoes eventually moved to the corner of the cage farthest from the repellent release point, whereas, a high proportion of highly resistant mosquitoes might reach the attractant release point (the human) earlier in the simulation. At fixed concentration, a high proportion of mosquitoes could be able to reach the host when the relative repellency efficacy (compare to attractant efficacy) was <1, whereas, no mosquitoes reached the host when the relative repellency efficacy was > 1. This result implies that repellent may not be sufficient against highly physiologically insecticide resistant mosquitoes, since very high concentrations of repellent are neither practically feasible nor cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Leonard Yu
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Ming-chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Solomon Kibret
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, California, United States of America
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Bibbs CS, Hahn DA, Kaufman PE, Xue RD. Sublethal effects of a vapour-active pyrethroid, transfluthrin, on Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) fecundity and oviposition behaviour. Parasit Vectors 2018; 11:486. [PMID: 30157907 PMCID: PMC6114540 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-018-3065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is assumed that mosquitoes surviving exposure to spatial repellents when attempting to bite a host will not have significant adverse impacts on their downstream biology. Therefore, a critical knowledge gap is understanding the extent to which sublethal exposure to volatile pyrethroids may damage the performance of mosquitoes that survive exposure to vapour-active pyrethroids. To address this, laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti (L.) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse) were exposed to one of three sublethal concentrations of transfluthrin before being offered a blood-meal, after which their survival, fecundity, fertility, and egg-laying behaviour was assessed. RESULTS Both species expressed reduced skip-oviposition behaviour at all exposures. Both species also suffered a major reduction in viable eggs (50-75% reduction in viable eggs laid). A phenotype where eggs collapsed after laying was observed in Ae. aegypti, and this response increased with exposure concentrations. Dissected females of both species retained 50% or fewer of their eggs, with Ae. albopictus retaining a significant proportion of melanised oocytes following the highest exposure. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that volatile pyrethroids can reduce skip-oviposition, which may improve source reduction outcomes during integrated management. The additional fecundity reduction caused by sublethal exposures to volatile pyrethroids improves our confidence in recommending them for urban vector management. Furthermore, we suggest that volatile pyrethroids should be adapted into delivery methods compatible with mosquito abatement programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S. Bibbs
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092 USA
| | - Daniel A. Hahn
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Phillip E. Kaufman
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, 1881 Natural Area Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Rui-de Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, 120 EOC Drive, St. Augustine, FL 32092 USA
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Shen Y, Xue RD, Bibbs CS. Relative Insecticidal Efficacy of Three Spatial Repellent Integrated Light Sources Against Aedes aegypti. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2017; 33:348-351. [PMID: 29369020 DOI: 10.2987/17-6675.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Three repellent products, OFF! Mosquito Lamp, Insecticandel, and Rescue DecoShield, were comparatively evaluated against Aedes aegypti in 130-m2 enclosed areas with a 317-m3 air volume. The results showed that the OFF! Mosquito Lamp with metofluthrin had a greater effect than the Insecticandel with transfluthrin, which had greater effect than the DecoShield with lemongrass oil and several other plant oils against Ae. aegypti. The OFF! Mosquito Lamp was the only product to exceed 50% mortality. An outdoor semi-field evaluation was conducted to determine the effect by distance of the product. Mosquitoes were stationed in cages at 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 m away from the treatment in a downwind linear array and exposed for 10 min. They were recorded for knockdown after treatment and at 24 h for mortality. The OFF! Mosquito Lamp produced 100% mortality indoors and >80% knockdown and 90% mortality within 6 m while outdoors against Ae. aegypti.
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Avicor SW, Wajidi MFF, Owusu EO. To coil or not to coil: application practices, perception and efficacy of mosquito coils in a malaria-endemic community in Ghana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:21138-21145. [PMID: 28730366 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-9737-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although evidence of mosquito coils' impact on disease epidemiology is limited, they are popularized as mosquito-borne disease prevention devices. Their usage affects the environment, human and mosquito health. This study investigated the perception, usage pattern and efficacy of coils in a predominantly poor malaria-endemic Ghanaian peri-urban area. Information on protection methods, perception and usage pattern was garnered using questionnaires. The efficacy of commonly used coils in the area was then assessed on the malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, in a glass chamber. Sole or co-application of mosquito control methods and risky usage practices were reported. Coils were deemed harmful to humans and mosquitoes, and their perceived effectiveness varied, with several factors influencing their purchase. High d-allethrin concentration coils induced quicker mosquito knockdown; however, mortality was less than 85%. The coil usage pattern compromises users' health and can enhance mosquito tolerance to d-allethrin. The coils were ineffective against the vector, outlining a dichotomy between the users' perception of efficacy and the observed efficacy. Hence, the usage of other safer and more effective vector control methods should be encouraged to protect households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silas W Avicor
- Entomology Division, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana, New Tafo-Akim, Ghana.
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana.
- Molecular Entomology Research Group, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Mustafa F F Wajidi
- Molecular Entomology Research Group, School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Ebenezer O Owusu
- African Regional Postgraduate Programme in Insect Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Animal Biology and Conservation Science, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Bibbs CS, Xue RD. ThermaCELL and OFF! Clip-On Devices Tested for Repellency and Mortality Against Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodida: Amblyommidae). JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:861-865. [PMID: 27113108 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjw039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ThermaCELL with allethrin and OFF! Clip-on with metofluthrin were tested in a 939 m2 vented enclosure against nymphal lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (L.). Repellency assays were conducted at varying distances relative to product specifications for repellency range. Nymphal ticks acclimated for 24 h in chambers attached to 10 repellency tracks per repetition. Devices were turned on, and the tick travel distance and delay until beginning to travel were recorded. Mortality of ticks was recorded after 24 h. Mortality assays were also conducted at the same distances with five ticks per cage, and 12 cages per distance radially distributed around a device. Cages were removed after 5 min, 15 min, 30 min, and 60 min of exposure and checked after 24 h for mortality. Significant travel distance was found when exposed to the ThermaCELL and OFF! Clip-on at their shortest test distances. Significant mortality also resulted at the same distances. Ticks exposed to active devices for longer than 15 min had significant mortality at the shortest distance for OFF! Clip-on and multiple distances for the ThermaCELL. Overall, the spatial repellent devices ThermaCELL with allethrin and OFF! Clip-on with metofluthrin both demonstrated desirable effects when tested against A. americanum nymphs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher S Bibbs
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, St. Augustine, FL 32080 (; ),
| | - Rui-De Xue
- Anastasia Mosquito Control District of St. Johns County, St. Augustine, FL 32080 (; )
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Bibbs CS, Xue RD. OFF! Clip-on Repellent Device With Metofluthrin Tested on Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) for Mortality at Different Time Intervals and Distances. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 53:480-483. [PMID: 26668103 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjv200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The OFF! Clip-on mosquito-repellent device was tested outdoors against Aedes aegypti (L.). A single treatment device was used against batches of caged adult, nonblood fed Ae. aegypti at multiple locations 0.3m from treatment center. Another set of cages was stationed 0.6m from treatment. A final set of cages was placed 0.9m away. Trials ran for durations of 5, 15, 30, and 60 min. Initial knockdown and mortality after 24 h was recorded. The devices had effective knockdown and mortality. This was not sustained at distances greater than 0.3m from the device.
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