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Crosstalk between xanthine oxidase (XO) inhibiting and cancer chemotherapeutic properties of comestible flavonoids- a comprehensive update. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 110:109147. [PMID: 36049673 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Gout is an inflammatory disease caused by metabolic disorder or genetic inheritance. People throughout the world are strongly dependent on ethnomedicine for the treatment of gout and some receive satisfactory curative treatment. The natural remedies as well as established drugs derived from natural sources or synthetically made exert their action by mechanisms that are closely associated with anticancer treatment mechanisms regarding inhibition of xanthine oxidase, feedback inhibition of de novo purine synthesis, depolymerization and disappearance of microtubule, inhibition of NF-ĸB activation, induction of TRAIL, promotion of apoptosis, and caspase activation and proteasome inhibition. Some anti-gout and anticancer novel compounds interact with same receptors for their action, e.g., colchicine and colchicine analogues. Dietary flavonoids, i.e., chrysin, kaempferol, quercetin, fisetin, pelargonidin, apigenin, luteolin, myricetin, isorhamnetin, phloretinetc etc. have comparable IC50 values with established anti-gout drug and effective against both cancer and gout. Moreover, a noticeable number of newer anticancer compounds have already been isolated from plants that have been using by local traditional healers and herbal practitioners to treat gout. Therefore, the anti-gout plants might have greater potentiality to become selective candidates for screening of newer anticancer leads.
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Baxter BA, Li KJ, Zarei I, Yao L, Rao S, Ryan EP. Nontargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Identifies Dietary Exposure Biomarkers for Navy Bean and Rice Bran Consumption in Children and Adults. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:14531-14543. [PMID: 36318603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c02378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dietary exposure biomarkers are needed for advancing knowledge on healthy foods. This study examined biomarkers for navy beans and rice bran in children and adults. Plasma, urine, stool, and study foods from dietary intervention studies were analyzed by metabolomics. A total of 38 children and 49 adults were assessed after consuming navy beans and/or rice bran for 2-, 4-, 6-, or 12 weeks. From the 138-175 metabolites modulated by diet, 11 were targeted for quantification. Trigonelline and pipecolate concentrations increased in children and adult plasma after 4 weeks compared to baseline. Increased xanthurenate (46%) was observed in children plasma after rice bran intake for 4 weeks. Study foods with navy beans had higher S-methylcysteine compared to control and supported the increased urine S-methylcysteine sulfoxide. Nontargeted metabolomics was moderately effective to identify target molecules as candidate biomarkers. Study limitations include interindividual metabolite variations before diet intervention. Validation is warranted using cross-over designs and larger sample sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget A Baxter
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Katherine J Li
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Iman Zarei
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Linxing Yao
- Analytical Resources Core─Bioanalysis and Omics, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523 United States
| | - Sangeeta Rao
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, United States
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Wang Q, Spenkelink B, Boonpawa R, Rietjens IM. Use of Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling to Predict Human Gut Microbial Conversion of Daidzein to S-Equol. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:343-352. [PMID: 34855380 PMCID: PMC8759082 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed for daidzein and its metabolite S-equol. Anaerobic in vitro incubations of pooled fecal samples from S-equol producers and nonproducers allowed definition of the kinetic constants. PBPK model-based predictions for the maximum daidzein plasma concentration (Cmax) were comparable to literature data. The predictions also revealed that the Cmax of S-equol in producers was only up to 0.22% that of daidzein, indicating that despite its higher estrogenicity, S-equol is likely to contribute to the overall estrogenicity upon human daidzein exposure to a only limited extent. An interspecies comparison between humans and rats revealed that the catalytic efficiency for S-equol formation in rats was 210-fold higher than that of human S-equol producers. The described in vitro-in silico strategy provides a proof-of-principle on how to include microbial metabolism in humans in PBPK modeling as part of the development of new approach methodologies (NAMs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianrui Wang
- Division
of Toxicology, Wageningen University and
Research, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert Spenkelink
- Division
of Toxicology, Wageningen University and
Research, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rungnapa Boonpawa
- Faculty
of Natural Resources and Agro-Industry, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, 47000 Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens
- Division
of Toxicology, Wageningen University and
Research, 6708WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
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St Aubin CR, Fisher AL, Hernandez JA, Broderick TL, Al-Nakkash L. Mitigation of MAFLD in High Fat-High Sucrose-Fructose Fed Mice by a Combination of Genistein Consumption and Exercise Training. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2022; 15:2157-2172. [PMID: 35911503 PMCID: PMC9329575 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s358256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is fueled by escalations in both sedentary behavior and caloric intake and is noted in obese type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients. This study aimed to examine the effects of exercise and the phytoestrogen genistein in mice fed a high fat (60% fat) high sugar (55% fructose with 45% sucrose), HFHS diet. METHODS Male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to five groups: HFHS, HFHS with genistein (600 mg/kg diet, HFHS+Gen), HFHS with moderate exercise (HFHS+Ex), and HFHS with combined genistein and moderate exercise (HFHS-Gen+Ex). Control lean mice were fed standard chow and water. Exercise consisted of 30-minute sessions of treadmill running five days/week for the 12-week study duration. Body weight was assessed weekly. Liver, kidney, fecal pellets and serum were extracted at the end of the study and maintained at -80°C. RESULTS After 12 weeks of treatment, mice in the HFHS group had the highest hepatic lipid content. Plasma levels of glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol, amylin, and total fat content were significantly elevated in HFHS mice compared to control mice. HFHS feeding increased protein expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1b (CPT-1b isoform) in gastrocnemius, CPT1a, glucose transporter protein 2 (GLUT2), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate 1 (FBP1) expression in liver. Exercise alone had minor effects on these metabolic abnormalities. Genistein alone resulted in improvements in body weight, fat content, amylin, insulin sensitivity, and liver histopathology, GR, FBP1, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 (ACC1). Combination treatment resulted in additional metabolic improvements, including reductions in hepatic lipid content and lipid area, alanine transferase activity, CPT1b, and CPT1a. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that a HFHS diet is obesogenic, inducing metabolic perturbations consistent with T2DM and MAFLD. Genistein alone and genistein combined with moderate intensity exercise were effective in reducing MAFLD and the aberrations induced by chronic HFHS feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaheyla R St Aubin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Amy L Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Jose A Hernandez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA
- Correspondence: Layla Al-Nakkash, Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, 19555 North 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ, 85308, USA, Tel +1 623 572 3719, Fax +1 623 572 3673, Email
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Ceccarelli I, Bioletti L, Peparini S, Solomita E, Ricci C, Casini I, Miceli E, Aloisi AM. Estrogens and phytoestrogens in body functions. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 132:648-663. [PMID: 34890602 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens are the hormones of reproduction in women as well as of many other important functions in the male and female body. They undergo significant changes in the different phases of life, e.g. during puberty, pregnancy or at menopause/andropause. Phytoestrogens are natural non-steroidal phenolic plant compounds that can mimic the activity of estrogens and their beneficial effects in women and in men. This narrative review summarizes the literature on the physiological role of estrogens and the several potential health benefits of phytoestrogens, with particular attention given to the possible role of phytoestrogens in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Ceccarelli
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Lucia Bioletti
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Sofia Peparini
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Erminia Solomita
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Comasia Ricci
- Department Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Ilenia Casini
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Elisangela Miceli
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Aloisi
- Department Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.
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Alshehri MM, Sharifi-Rad J, Herrera-Bravo J, Jara EL, Salazar LA, Kregiel D, Uprety Y, Akram M, Iqbal M, Martorell M, Torrens-Mas M, Pons DG, Daştan SD, Cruz-Martins N, Ozdemir FA, Kumar M, Cho WC. Therapeutic Potential of Isoflavones with an Emphasis on Daidzein. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6331630. [PMID: 34539970 PMCID: PMC8448605 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6331630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Daidzein is a phytoestrogen isoflavone found in soybeans and other legumes. The chemical composition of daidzein is analogous to mammalian estrogens, and it could be useful with a dual-directional purpose by substituting/hindering with estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) complex. Hence, daidzein puts forth shielding effects against a great number of diseases, especially those associated with the control of estrogen, such as breast cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, daidzein also has other ER-independent biological activities, such as oxidative damage reduction acting as an antioxidant, immune regulator as an anti-inflammatory agent, and apoptosis regulation, directly linked to its potential anticancer effects. In this sense, the present review is aimed at providing a deepen analysis of daidzein pharmacodynamics and its implications in human health, from its best-known effects alleviating postmenopausal symptoms to its potential anticancer and antiaging properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Alshehri
- Pharmaceutical Care Department, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jesús Herrera-Bravo
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Evelyn L. Jara
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Santo Tomas, Chile
| | - Luis A. Salazar
- Center of Molecular Biology and Pharmacogenetics, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
| | - Dorota Kregiel
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Yadav Uprety
- Amrit Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine and Surgery, Directorate of Medical Sciences, GC University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Iqbal
- Institute of Health Management, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Miquel Martorell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Pharmacy and Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, 4070386 Concepción, Chile
| | - Margalida Torrens-Mas
- Translational Research In Aging and Longevity (TRIAL Group), Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (IdISBA), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Daniel Gabriel Pons
- Grupo Multidisciplinar de Oncología Traslacional (GMOT), Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Ciències de la Salut (IUNICS), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Illes Balears (IdISBa), 07122 Palma, Spain
| | - Sevgi Durna Daştan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
- Beekeeping Development Application and Research Center, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Professor Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies (CESPU), Rua Central de Gandra, 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Art, Bingol University, Bingol 1200, Turkey
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR–Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai 400019, India
| | - William C. Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Yu L, Rios E, Castro L, Liu J, Yan Y, Dixon D. Genistein: Dual Role in Women's Health. Nutrients 2021; 13:3048. [PMID: 34578926 PMCID: PMC8472782 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced research in recent years has revealed the important role of nutrients in the protection of women's health and in the prevention of women's diseases. Genistein is a phytoestrogen that belongs to a class of compounds known as isoflavones, which structurally resemble endogenous estrogen. Genistein is most often consumed by humans via soybeans or soya products and is, as an auxiliary medicinal, used to treat women's diseases. In this review, we focused on analyzing the geographic distribution of soybean and soya product consumption, global serum concentrations of genistein, and its metabolism and bioactivity. We also explored genistein's dual effects in women's health through gathering, evaluating, and summarizing evidence from current in vivo and in vitro studies, clinical observations, and epidemiological surveys. The dose-dependent effects of genistein, especially when considering its metabolites and factors that vary by individuals, indicate that consumption of genistein may contribute to beneficial effects in women's health and disease prevention and treatment. However, consumption and exposure levels are nuanced because adverse effects have been observed at lower concentrations in in vitro models. Therefore, this points to the duplicity of genistein as a possible therapeutic agent in some instances and as an endocrine disruptor in others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Darlene Dixon
- Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Mechanistic Toxicology Branch (MTB), Division of the National Toxicology Program (DNTP), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC 27709, USA; (L.Y.); (E.R.); (L.C.); (J.L.); (Y.Y.)
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Li X, Jiang L, Xia Q, Zeng X, Wang W, Pan D, Wu Z. Effects of novel flavonoid-enriched yogurt on the diversity of intestinal microbiota in mice. Braz J Microbiol 2021; 52:2287-2298. [PMID: 34449069 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-021-00598-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy isoflavone glycoside cannot be effectively absorbed by the human intestinal tract, but probiotics with related hydrolases can transform it into aglycone to promote its absorption. In this study, a novel flavonoid-enriched yogurt was developed using an isolated β-glucosidase-producing strain (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum GY). The flavonoid aglycone-enhanced yogurt was fed to ICR mice for 21 days, and its effects were observed. The yogurt can affect the gut microbial diversity of mice, especially increasing the abundance of Parasutterella, the Bacteroidales S24-7 group, and Phascolarctobacterium in the intestinal tract of mice. Meanwhile, the ratio of Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes in the intestinal tract of mice fed with the flavonoid aglycone-enriched yogurt increased. The difference in the content of butyric acid between the L-GY + IS and the control groups was significant (P < 0.05). Therefore, milk fermentation with β-glucosidase-producing strains is a promising approach for developing flavonoid glycoside-enriched yogurt products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefei Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqun Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijun Wang
- Zhejiang Yiming Food Company, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Daodong Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330022, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhen Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats To the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, 315211, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China. .,Key Laboratory of Animal Protein Deep Processing Technology of Zhejiang, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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The 14-3-3ζ-c-Src-integrin-β3 complex is vital for platelet activation. Blood 2021; 136:974-988. [PMID: 32584951 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2019002314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several adaptor molecules bind to cytoplasmic tails of β-integrins and facilitate bidirectional signaling, which is critical in thrombosis and hemostasis. Interfering with integrin-adaptor interactions spatially or temporally to inhibit thrombosis without affecting hemostasis is an attractive strategy for the development of safe antithrombotic drugs. We show for the first time that the 14-3-3ζ-c-Src-integrin-β3 complex is formed during platelet activation. 14-3-3ζ-c-Src interaction is mediated by the -PIRLGLALNFSVFYYE- fragment (PE16) on the 14-3-3ζ and SH2-domain on c-Src, whereas the 14-3-3ζ-integrin-β3 interaction is mediated by the -ESKVFYLKMKGDYYRYL- fragment (EL17) on the 14-3-3ζ and -KEATSTF- fragment (KF7) on the β3-integrin cytoplasmic tail. The EL17-motif inhibitor, or KF7 peptide, interferes with the formation of the 14-3-3ζ-c-Src-integrin-β3 complex and selectively inhibits β3 outside-in signaling without affecting the integrin-fibrinogen interaction, which suppresses thrombosis without causing significant bleeding. This study characterized a previously unidentified 14-3-3ζ-c-Src-integrin-β3 complex in platelets and provided a novel strategy for the development of safe and effective antithrombotic treatments.
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Silva H. The Vascular Effects of Isolated Isoflavones-A Focus on the Determinants of Blood Pressure Regulation. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:49. [PMID: 33445531 PMCID: PMC7827317 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Isoflavones are phytoestrogen compounds with important biological activities, including improvement of cardiovascular health. This activity is most evident in populations with a high isoflavone dietary intake, essentially from soybean-based products. The major isoflavones known to display the most important cardiovascular effects are genistein, daidzein, glycitein, formononetin, and biochanin A, although the closely related metabolite equol is also relevant. Most clinical studies have been focused on the impact of dietary intake or supplementation with mixtures of compounds, with only a few addressing the effect of isolated compounds. This paper reviews the main actions of isolated isoflavones on the vasculature, with particular focus given to their effect on the determinants of blood pressure regulation. Isoflavones exert vasorelaxation due to a multitude of pathways in different vascular beds. They can act in the endothelium to potentiate the release of NO and endothelium-derived hyperpolarization factors. In the vascular smooth muscle, isoflavones modulate calcium and potassium channels, leading to hyperpolarization and relaxation. Some of these effects are influenced by the binding of isoflavones to estrogen receptors and to the inhibition of specific kinase enzymes. The vasorelaxation effects of isoflavones are mostly obtained with plasma concentrations in the micromolar range, which are only attained through supplementation. This paper highlights isolated isoflavones as potentially suitable alternatives to soy-based foodstuffs and supplements and which could enlarge the current therapeutic arsenal. Nonetheless, more studies are needed to better establish their safety profile and elect the most useful applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silva
- Informetrics Research Group, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam;
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 758307, Vietnam
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11
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Jang HH, Noh H, Kim HW, Cho SY, Kim HJ, Lee SH, Lee SH, Gunter MJ, Ferrari P, Scalbert A, Freisling H, Kim JB, Choe JS, Kwon O. Metabolic tracking of isoflavones in soybean products and biosamples from healthy adults after fermented soybean consumption. Food Chem 2020; 330:127317. [PMID: 32569934 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fermentation may enhance the nutritional properties of foods by increasing metabolite bioactivity or bioavailability. This study explored the effect of fermentation on isoflavone bioavailability and metabolism. Isoflavone metabolites were tracked in foods and biospecimens of healthy adults after fermented soybean (FS) or non-fermented soybean (NFS) consumption in a randomized, controlled, crossover intervention study. The change in soybean isoflavones caused by fermentation resulted in faster absorption and higher bioavailability after consumption of FS. Although the urinary level of total isoflavone metabolites was similar after the consumption of the two diets, urinary genistein 7-O-sulfate was derived as a discriminant metabolite for the FS diet by partial least squares discriminant analysis. This study suggests that an isoflavone conjugate profile might be a more appropriate marker than total isoflavone levels for discriminating between the consumption of FS and NFS diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan-Hee Jang
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea; Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hwayoung Noh
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heon-Woong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Su-Yeon Cho
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Hyeon-Jeong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Seon-Hye Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Sung-Hyen Lee
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Marc J Gunter
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Pietro Ferrari
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Heinz Freisling
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Jung-Bong Kim
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Sook Choe
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju, South Korea.
| | - Oran Kwon
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Exercise and/or Genistein Treatment Impact Gut Microbiota and Inflammation after 12 Weeks on a High-Fat, High-Sugar Diet in C57BL/6 Mice. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113410. [PMID: 33172007 PMCID: PMC7694625 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Genistein (Gen) and exercise (Exe) have been postulated as potential strategies to ameliorate obesity, inflammation, and gut microbiota (GM) with promising results. However, the impact of the combination of both Exe and Gen is yet to be investigated. We aimed to analyze the impacts of Exe, Gen, and their combined effects on GM and inflammation in mice after a 12-week high-fat, high-sugar diet (HFD). Eighty-three C57BL/6 mice were randomized to control, HFD, HFD + Exe, HFD + Gen, or HFD + Exe + Gen. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was analyzed with Illumina MiSeq. Serum samples were used to analyze interleukin (Il)-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The HFD + Exe and HFD + Exe + Gen treatments resulted in significantly greater microbial richness compared to HFD. All the treatments had a significantly different impact on the GM community structure. Ruminococcus was significantly more abundant after the HFD + Exe + Gen treatment when compared to all the other HFD groups. Exe + Gen resulted in serum Il-6 concentrations similar to that of controls. TNF-alpha concentrations did not differ by treatment. Overall, Exe had a positive impact on microbial richness, and Ruminococcus might be the driving bacteria for the GM structure differences. Exe + Gen may be an effective treatment for preventing HFD-induced inflammation.
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14
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Lu LJW, Chen NW, Nayeem F, Nagamani M, Anderson KE. Soy isoflavones interact with calcium and contribute to blood pressure homeostasis in women: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. Eur J Nutr 2020; 59:2369-2381. [PMID: 31535213 PMCID: PMC7416691 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogens and calcium regulate vascular health but caused adverse cardiovascular events in randomized trials. OBJECTIVES Whether phytoestrogenic soy isoflavones modulate the physiological effects of calcium on blood pressure was explored. DESIGN A double-blind, randomized study assigned 99 premenopausal women to 136.6 mg isoflavones (as aglycone equivalents) and 98 to placebo for 5 days per week for up to 2 years. Blood pressure, serum calcium and urinary excretion of daidzein (DE) and genistein (GE) were measured repeatedly before and during treatment. RESULTS Isoflavones did not affect blood pressure per intake dose assignment (i.e. intention-to-treat, n = 197), but significantly affected blood pressure per measured urinary excretion of isoflavones (i.e. per protocol analysis, n = 166). Isoflavones inversely moderated calcium effects on systolic blood pressure (SBP) (interaction term β-estimates: - 3.1 for DE, - 12.86 for GE, all P < 0.05), and decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (β-estimates: - 0.84 for DE, - 2.82 for GE, all P < 0.05) after controlling for calcium. The net intervention effects between the maximum and no isoflavone excretion were - 17.7 and + 13.8 mmHg changes of SBP, respectively, at serum calcium of 10.61 and 8.0 mg/dL, and about 2.6 mmHg decrease of DBP. CONCLUSIONS Moderation by isoflavones of the physiological effect of calcium tends to normalize SBP, and this effect is most significant when calcium concentrations are at the upper and lower limits of the physiological norm. Isoflavones decrease DBP independent of calcium levels. Further studies are needed to assess the impact of this novel micronutrient effect on blood pressure homeostasis and cardiovascular health. TRIAL REGISTRATION www.clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT00204490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Jane W Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Dr., Galveston, TX, 77555-1109, USA.
| | - Nai-Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Dr., Galveston, TX, 77555-1109, USA
| | - Fatima Nayeem
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Dr., Galveston, TX, 77555-1109, USA
| | - Manubai Nagamani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA
- Houston Bay Area Fertility Center, Webster, TX, 77598, USA
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 700 Harborside Dr., Galveston, TX, 77555-1109, USA.
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15
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Xia Y. Correlation and association analyses in microbiome study integrating multiomics in health and disease. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2020; 171:309-491. [PMID: 32475527 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Correlation and association analyses are one of the most widely used statistical methods in research fields, including microbiome and integrative multiomics studies. Correlation and association have two implications: dependence and co-occurrence. Microbiome data are structured as phylogenetic tree and have several unique characteristics, including high dimensionality, compositionality, sparsity with excess zeros, and heterogeneity. These unique characteristics cause several statistical issues when analyzing microbiome data and integrating multiomics data, such as large p and small n, dependency, overdispersion, and zero-inflation. In microbiome research, on the one hand, classic correlation and association methods are still applied in real studies and used for the development of new methods; on the other hand, new methods have been developed to target statistical issues arising from unique characteristics of microbiome data. Here, we first provide a comprehensive view of classic and newly developed univariate correlation and association-based methods. We discuss the appropriateness and limitations of using classic methods and demonstrate how the newly developed methods mitigate the issues of microbiome data. Second, we emphasize that concepts of correlation and association analyses have been shifted by introducing network analysis, microbe-metabolite interactions, functional analysis, etc. Third, we introduce multivariate correlation and association-based methods, which are organized by the categories of exploratory, interpretive, and discriminatory analyses and classification methods. Fourth, we focus on the hypothesis testing of univariate and multivariate regression-based association methods, including alpha and beta diversities-based, count-based, and relative abundance (or compositional)-based association analyses. We demonstrate the characteristics and limitations of each approaches. Fifth, we introduce two specific microbiome-based methods: phylogenetic tree-based association analysis and testing for survival outcomes. Sixth, we provide an overall view of longitudinal methods in analysis of microbiome and omics data, which cover standard, static, regression-based time series methods, principal trend analysis, and newly developed univariate overdispersed and zero-inflated as well as multivariate distance/kernel-based longitudinal models. Finally, we comment on current association analysis and future direction of association analysis in microbiome and multiomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglin Xia
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.
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16
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Inter-relationship between diet, lifestyle habits, gut microflora, and the equol-producer phenotype: baseline findings from a placebo-controlled intervention trial. Menopause 2020; 26:273-285. [PMID: 30188331 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000001202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Equol is an active metabolite of isoflavones produced by gut microbiota. It is beneficial to health; however, equol-producing ability varies greatly among individuals. These variations depend on the host's gut microbiota and lifestyle habits including diet. We investigated the relationship between the gut microbiota, lifestyle habits including diet, and equol-producing ability in postmenopausal Japanese women. METHODS We studied 58 postmenopausal Japanese women aged 48 to 69 years who visited the Sendai Medical Center in January, 2018. Self-administered questionnaires assessed their recent and remote food intake histories and lifestyle habits. Fecal microbiome analysis was performed using a next-generation sequencer. Urinary equol was measured using an immunochromatographic strip test. Women with urinary equol concentration >1.0 μM were defined as equol producers. RESULTS Equol-producing bacteria were identified in 97% (56) of women; however, only 13 (22%) were equol producers. Equol producers showed significantly higher microflora diversity (P = 0.002), and significantly different recent and remote food intake patterns compared with equol nonproducers. Higher consumption of foods such as meat, fish, soy, vegetables, and Japanese snacks positively affected microbial diversity and equol production, whereas a high intake of Ramen and smoking showed negative effects. CONCLUSION Equol production might not depend on the quantity, but on the quality of equol-producing bacteria. High microbial diversity might enhance equol production. Increasing microbial diversity through healthy lifestyle habits and habitual consumption of a wide variety of foods might be useful to maintain a healthy gut environment for equol production.
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17
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Improved Pharmacokinetics and Tissue Uptake of Complexed Daidzein in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12020162. [PMID: 32079113 PMCID: PMC7076374 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12020162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic profile and tissue uptake of daidzein (DAI) was determined in rat serum and tissues (lungs, eyes, brain, heart, spleen, fat, liver, kidney, and testes) after intravenous and intraperitoneal administration of DAI in suspension or complexed with ethylenediamine-modified γ-cyclodextrin (GCD-EDA/DAI). The absolute and relative bioavailability of DAI suspended (20 mg/kg i.v. vs. 50 mg/kg i.p.) and complexed (0.54 mg/kg i.v. vs. 1.35 mg/kg i.p.) was determined. After i.p. administration, absorption of DAI complexed with GCD-EDA was more rapid (tmax = 15 min) than that of DAI in suspension (tmax = 45 min) with a ca. 3.6 times higher maximum concentration (Cmax = 615 vs. 173 ng/mL). The i.v. half-life of DAI was longer in GCD-EDA/DAI complex compared with DAI in suspension (t0.5 = 380 min vs. 230 min). The volume of distribution of DAI given i.v. in GCD-EDA/DAI complex was ca. 6 times larger than DAI in suspension (38.6 L/kg vs. 6.2 L/kg). Our data support the concept that the pharmacokinetics of DAI suspended in high doses are nonlinear. Increasing the intravenous dose 34 times resulted in a 5-fold increase in AUC. In turn, increasing the intraperitoneal dose 37 times resulted in a ca. 2-fold increase in AUC. The results of this study suggested that GCD-EDA complex may improve DAI bioavailability after i.p. administration. The absolute bioavailability of DAI in GCD-EDA inclusion complex was ca. 3 times greater (F = 82.4% vs. 28.2%), and the relative bioavailability was ca. 21 times higher than that of DAI in suspension, indicating the need to study DAI bioavailability after administration by routes other than intraperitoneal, e.g., orally, subcutaneously, or intramuscularly. The concentration of DAI released from GCD-EDA/DAI inclusion complex to all the rat tissues studied was higher than after administration of DAI in suspension. The concentration of DAI in brain and lungs was found to be almost 90 and 45 times higher, respectively, when administered in complex compared to the suspended DAI. Given the nonlinear relationship between DAI bioavailability and the dose released from the GCD-EDA complex, complexation of DAI may thus offer an effective approach to improve DAI delivery for treatment purposes, for example in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS), allowing the reduction of ingested DAI doses.
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18
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Lim YJ, Lim B, Kim HY, Kwon SJ, Eom SH. Deglycosylation patterns of isoflavones in soybean extracts inoculated with two enzymatically different strains of lactobacillus species. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 132:109394. [PMID: 31731960 DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2019.109394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 08/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Microorganism selection is critical to deglycosylation in soybean fermentation for producing beneficial phytochemicals. This study investigated isoflavone bioconversion in soybean extract inoculated with Lactobacillus plantarum K2-12 and Lactobacillus curvatus JD0-31 exhibiting different enzyme activities. L. plantarum showed higher esterase (C4), esterase (C8), β-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, β-glucosidase, and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminase activities. We found that isoflavone bioconversion was distinguished into isoflavone backbone structure types. Malonyl- and acetyl- types of isoflavones except for malonyl daidzin were not significantly differed their contents between lactobacilli. Deglycosylating severity was observed in malonyl genistin in both lactobacilli, resulting mass production of genistein. On the other hand, daidzein glycosides were dependable to lactobacilli, in which L. plantarum efficiently degraded malonyl daidzin and daidzin in fast time. Glycitein was most degradable among the three aglycones by fermentation. These results suggest that efficient control of isoflavone deglycosylation by Lactobacillus species should be controlled to the inoculation period and select target isoflavones.
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Affiliation(s)
- You Jin Lim
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Bora Lim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Yeong Kim
- Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Jae Kwon
- Advanced Radiation Technology Institute, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Jeongeup 56212, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Eom
- Department of Horticultural Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Pham DC, Shibu MA, Mahalakshmi B, Velmurugan BK. Effects of phytochemicals on cellular signaling: reviewing their recent usage approaches. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:3522-3546. [PMID: 31822111 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1699014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Most of the previous studies in last three decades report evidence of interactions between the different phytochemicals and the proteins involved in signal transduction pathways using in silico, in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo analyses. However, extrapolation of these findings for clinical purposes has not been that fruitful. The efficacy of the phytochemicals in vivo studies is limited by parameters such as solubility, metabolic degradation, excretion, etc. Various approaches have now been devised to circumvent these limitations. Recently, chemical modification of the phytochemicals are demonstrated to reduce some of the limitations and improve their efficacy. Similar to traditional medicines several combinatorial phytochemical formulations have shown to be more efficient. Further, phytochemicals have been reported to be even more efficient in the form of nanoparticles. However, systematic evaluation of their efficacy, mode of action in pathway modulation, usage and associated challenges is required to be done. The present review begins with basic understanding of how signaling cascades regulate cellular response and the consequences of their dysregulation further summarizing the developments and problems associated with the dietary phytochemicals and also discuss recent approaches in strengthening these compounds in pharmacological applications. Only context relevant studies have been reviewed. Considering the limitations and scope of the article, authors do not claim inclusion of all the early and recent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinh-Chuong Pham
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - M A Shibu
- Cardiovascular and Mitochondria Related Diseases Research Center, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - B Mahalakshmi
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Bharath Kumar Velmurugan
- Toxicology and Biomedicine Research Group, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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20
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Tangyu M, Muller J, Bolten CJ, Wittmann C. Fermentation of plant-based milk alternatives for improved flavour and nutritional value. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:9263-9275. [PMID: 31686143 PMCID: PMC6867983 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10175-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2019] [Revised: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-dairy milk alternatives (or milk analogues) are water extracts of plants and have become increasingly popular for human nutrition. Over the years, the global market for these products has become a multi-billion dollar business and will reach a value of approximately 26 billion USD within the next 5 years. Moreover, many consumers demand plant-based milk alternatives for sustainability, health-related, lifestyle and dietary reasons, resulting in an abundance of products based on nuts, seeds or beans. Unfortunately, plant-based milk alternatives are often nutritionally unbalanced, and their flavour profiles limit their acceptance. With the goal of producing more valuable and tasty products, fermentation can help to the improve sensory profiles, nutritional properties, texture and microbial safety of plant-based milk alternatives so that the amendment with additional ingredients, often perceived as artificial, can be avoided. To date, plant-based milk fermentation mainly uses mono-cultures of microbes, such as lactic acid bacteria, bacilli and yeasts, for this purpose. More recently, new concepts have proposed mixed-culture fermentations with two or more microbial species. These approaches promise synergistic effects to enhance the fermentation process and improve the quality of the final products. Here, we review the plant-based milk market, including nutritional, sensory and manufacturing aspects. In addition, we provide an overview of the state-of-the-art fermentation of plant materials using mono- and mixed-cultures. Due to the rapid progress in this field, we can expect well-balanced and naturally fermented plant-based milk alternatives in the coming years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Tangyu
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jeroen Muller
- Institute of Material Sciences, Department of Biology, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph J Bolten
- Institute of Material Sciences, Department of Biology, Nestlé Research, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Wittmann
- Institute of Systems Biotechnology, Saarland University, Campus A1.5, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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21
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The developmental effects of isoflavone aglycone administration on early chick embryos. Interdiscip Toxicol 2019; 11:236-239. [PMID: 31736638 PMCID: PMC6853006 DOI: 10.2478/intox-2018-0022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybeans contain the isoflavone aglycone, an endocrine disrupter. To determine the effects of small amounts of isoflavones on developmental processes, we administered 6.25, 62.5, or 625 μg isoflavone per egg to early stage (stage 10) developing chick embryos via the yolk just beneath the embryo. Eggs were kept at 37±0.5 °C and >80% relative humidity, with one rotation per hour for 48 hrs. The embryos were observed under a stereomicroscope for morphological abnormalities and number of somites. Relative to control eggs, there were no significant differences in the average number of somites in eggs administered isoflavone aglycone. Isoflavone, however, had a dose associated effect on abnormal embryogenesis. Embryos treated with isoflavone aglycone showed developmental arrest not reaching somitegenesis, dysmorphology of the neural tube, and shortening of entire embryos.
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22
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Hellings A, Buchan L, Castro M, St. Aubin CR, Fisher AL, Al-Nakkash L, Broderick TL, Plochocki JH. Bone Strength Is Improved with Genistein Treatment in Mice with Diet-Induced Obesity. Curr Dev Nutr 2019; 3:nzz121. [PMID: 31750414 PMCID: PMC6856937 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzz121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High caloric intake of saturated fat and refined sugars accelerates the development of obesity and diabetes and increases bone fracture risk. Some evidence suggests that consumption of a diet rich in phytoestrogens like genistein has the potential to strengthen bone biomechanical properties. Its bone-strengthening properties may mitigate fracture risk associated with metabolic conditions like obesity and diabetes, especially when combined with exercise. OBJECTIVE In this study, we test the effects of genistein, exercise training, and combination treatment on biomechanical properties of cortical bone in mice fed a high-fat, high-sugar (HFHS) diet. METHODS Eighty C67BL6 mice (40 females, 40 males) aged 6 wk were treated for 12 wk with an HFHS diet containing 60% fat and drinking water with 4.2 g/L sugar (55% sucrose, 45% fructose). Subgroups of the mice were also treated with genistein and/or moderate exercise (treadmill running). Genistein was incorporated into the HFHS diet (600 mg genistein/kg HFHS) and exercise was performed daily for 30 min, 5 d/wk (n = 10 females, 10 males per group). Three-point bending mechanical testing and quantitative fluorescence microscopy were conducted on femurs to measure bone strength and matrix quality. RESULTS Mechanical testing revealed HFHS-fed mice treated with genistein, either alone or combined with exercise, had femurs that exhibited increased postyield displacement and reduced stiffness during 3-point bending in comparison with mice only treated with the HFHS diet. Femurs of genistein-treated mice also exhibited greater ultimate force required to achieve fracture. Quantitative fluorescence showed genistein reduced advanced glycation end product accumulation in bone matrix. Exercise treatment alone had no effect. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with genistein, either alone or in combination with exercise, improves fracture resistance in mice fed an HFHS diet by improving bone matrix quality and increasing bone strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Hellings
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Levi Buchan
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Monica Castro
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Chaheyla R St. Aubin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Amy L Fisher
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Department of Physiology and Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Plochocki
- Department of Anatomy, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
- Department of Medical Education, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
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23
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Nayeem F, Chen NW, Nagamani M, Anderson KE, Lu LJW. Daidzein and genistein have differential effects in decreasing whole body bone mineral density but had no effect on hip and spine density in premenopausal women: A 2-year randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Nutr Res 2019; 68:70-81. [PMID: 31421395 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Soy isoflavones are potentially beneficial phytoestrogens, but their tissue-selective effects in women are poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that soy isoflavones affect bone mineral density (BMD), which may be influenced by individual differences in isoflavone metabolism and serum calcium levels. Ninety-nine healthy premenopausal women were randomized to isoflavones (136.6 mg aglycone equivalence) and 98 to placebo for 5 days per week for up to 2 years. BMD, serum calcium, and urinary excretion of daidzein and genistein were measured before and during treatment. In 129 adherent subjects, we found that isoflavone exposure, determined by urinary excretion levels, but not by dose assignment, interacted with serum calcium in affecting whole body BMD, but not hip and spine BMD. The regression coefficient was -0.042 for genistein excretion (GE) and 0.091 for the interaction between GE and serum calcium (all P < .05). Daidzein excretion had similar but marginal effect. Genistein significantly decreased whole body BMD only at low normal serum calcium levels but increased whole body BMD at higher serum calcium levels. Comparing maximum to minimum GE, mean changes in whole body BMD were +0.033 and -0.113 g/cm2 at serum calcium levels of 10 and 8.15 mg/dL, respectively. These associations were not evident by intention-to-treat analysis, which could not model for inter-individual differences in isoflavone metabolism. In summary, soy isoflavones decrease whole body BMD only when serum calcium is low. Isoflavones are dietary substances that may influence calcium homeostasis by releasing calcium from bone while sparing the common fracture risk sites hip and spine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Nayeem
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
| | - Nai-Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
| | - Manubai Nagamani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
| | - Lee-Jane W Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555.
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Ahn-Jarvis JH, Parihar A, Doseff AI. Dietary Flavonoids for Immunoregulation and Cancer: Food Design for Targeting Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:E202. [PMID: 31261915 PMCID: PMC6680729 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8070202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids, one of the most abundant phytochemicals in a diet rich in fruits and vegetables, have been recognized as possessing anti-proliferative, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and estrogenic activities. Numerous cellular and animal-based studies show that flavonoids can function as antioxidants by preventing DNA damage and scavenging reactive oxygen radicals, inhibiting formation of DNA adducts, enhancing DNA repair, interfering with chemical damage by induction of Phase II enzymes, and modifying signaling pathways. Recent evidence also shows their ability to regulate the immune system. However, findings from clinical trials have been mixed with no clear consensus on dose, frequency, or type of flavonoids best suited to elicit many of the beneficial effects. Delivery of these bioactive compounds to their biological targets through "targeted designed" food processing strategies is critical to reach effective concentration in vivo. Thus, the identification of novel approaches that optimize flavonoid bioavailability is essential for their successful clinical application. In this review, we discuss the relevance of increasing flavonoid bioavailability, by agricultural engineering and "targeted food design" in the context of the immune system and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arti Parihar
- Department of Science, Bellingham Technical College, WA, 98225, USA
| | - Andrea I Doseff
- Department of Physiology and Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, MI, 48864, USA.
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25
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Zheng W, Ma Y, Zhao A, He T, Lyu N, Pan Z, Mao G, Liu Y, Li J, Wang P, Wang J, Zhu B, Zhang Y. Compositional and functional differences in human gut microbiome with respect to equol production and its association with blood lipid level: a cross-sectional study. Gut Pathog 2019; 11:20. [PMID: 31168326 PMCID: PMC6509798 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-019-0297-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gut microbiota affects lipid metabolism interactively with diet. Equol, a metabolite of isoflavones produced by gut bacteria, may contribute substantially in beneficial lipid-lowering effects. This study aimed to examine equol production-related gut microbiota differences among humans and its consequent association with blood lipid levels. Results Characterization of the gut microbiota by deep shotgun sequencing and serum lipid profiles were compared between equol producers and non-producers. Gut microbiota differed significantly at the community level between equol producers and non-producers (P = 0.0062). At the individual level, 32 species associated with equol production were identified. Previously reported equol-producing related species Adlercreutzia equolifaciens and Bifidobacterium bifidum showed relatively higher abundance in this study in equol producers compared to non-producers (77.5% vs. 22.5%; 72.0% vs. 28.0%, respectively). Metabolic pathways also showed significant dissimilarity between equol producers and non-producers (P = 0.001), and seven metabolic pathways were identified to be associated with the equol concentration in urine. Previously reported equol production-related gene sequences in A. equolifaciens 19450T showed higher relative abundance in equol producers than in non-producers. Additionally, we found that equol production was significantly associated with the prevalence of dyslipidemia, including a marginal increase in serum lipids (27.1% vs. 50.0%, P = 0.02). Furthermore, equol production was not determined by intake of soy isoflavones, which suggested that gut microbiota is critical in the equol production process. Conclusion Both content and functioning of the microbial gut community significantly differed between equol producers and non-producers. Further, equol producers showed lower prevalences of dyslipidemia, which suggests the important role that equol might play in lipid metabolism by gut microbiota. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13099-019-0297-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Obstetrics, Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,2Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Ma
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China.,4University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Beijing, China
| | - Ai Zhao
- 2Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tingchao He
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Na Lyu
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Pan
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Geqi Mao
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Yan Liu
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China
| | - Jing Li
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyu Wang
- 2Department of Social Medicine and Health Education, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Wang
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Baoli Zhu
- 3CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beichen West Road 1, Haidian District, Beijing, 100101 China.,4University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome, Beijing, China.,7Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,8Department of Pathogenic Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southwest Medical University, Zhongshan Road, Luzhou, Sichuan China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- 6Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Xueyuan Road 38, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191 China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing, China
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26
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Kim JS, Lee H, Nirmala FS, Jung CH, Kim MJ, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Ahn J. Dihydrodaidzein and 6-hydroxydaidzein mediate the fermentation-induced increase of antiosteoporotic effect of soybeans in ovariectomized mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:3252-3263. [PMID: 30376359 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800953r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of soybeans is known to have beneficial effects on osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. However, the effects of soybean fermentation on the bioavailability and the antiosteoporotic effect have not yet been elucidated. To address this question, we fed ovariectomized C57BL/6J mice with a 5% nonfermented raw soybean (RS)- or fermented soybean (FS)-supplemented diet. After 18 wk of treatment, microcomputed tomography showed that FSs significantly increased bone mineral density compared with RSs. This was because of the up-regulation of bone morphogenic protein 2 (Bmp2) and its downstream target osteopontin in bone tissues. We analyzed isoflavone metabolite profiles in the sera of RS- or FS-fed mice and observed that the levels of 19 isoflavone metabolites were significantly increased in the sera of FS-fed mice. Among these metabolites, we observed that both dihydrodaidzein (DHD) and 6-hydroxydaidzein (6-HD) increased osteogenesis via Bmp2 signaling pathway in MC3T3-E1 cells and reduced receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis in RAW264.7 cells through the inhibition of NF-κB activation and MAPK phosphorylation. These data suggest that improved bioavailability of FSs resulted from the production of active metabolites such as DHD and 6-HD after consumption. DHD and 6-HD can be used as potential therapeutics for the amelioration of osteoporotic bone loss.-Kim, J.-S., Lee, H., Nirmala, F. S., Jung, C. H., Kim, M. J., Jang, Y.-J., Ha, T. Y., Ahn, J. Dihydrodaidzein and 6-hydroxydaidzein mediate the fermentation-induced increase of anti-osteoporotic effect of soybeans in ovariectomized mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Sun Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunjung Lee
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Farida Sukma Nirmala
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Division of Food Functionality, Korea Food Research Institute, Wanju-gun, South Korea
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Korea University of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, South Korea
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27
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Abstract
Based on many cell culture, animal and human studies, it is well known that the most challenge issue for developing polyphenolics as chemoprevention or anti-diabtetic agents is the low oral bioavailability, which may be the major reason relating to its ambiguous therapeutic effects and large inter-individual variations in clinical trials. This review intends to highlight the unscientific evaluation on the basis of the published data regarding in vitro bioactivity of polyphenols, which may sometimes mislead the researchers and to conclude that: first, bio-accessibilities values obtained in the studies for polyphenols should be highly reconsidered in accordance with the abundant newly identified circulating and excreted metabolites, with a particular attention to colonic metabolic products which are obviously contributing much more than expected to their absorptions; second, it is phenolic metabolites, which are formed in the small intestine and hepatic cells,low molecular weight catabolic products of the colonic microflora to travel around the human body in the circulatory system or reach body tissues to elicit bioactive effects. It is concluded that better performed in vivo intervention and in vitro mechanistic studies are needed to fully understand how these molecules interact with human physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Teng
- a College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Lei Chen
- a College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
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28
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Lopez JJ, El Haouari M, Jardin I, Alonso N, Regodon S, Diez-Bello R, Redondo PC, Rosado JA. Flavonoids and Platelet-Derived Thrombotic Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:7035-7047. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666180417170218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
:
Thrombotic disorders are characterized by an increase in the probability of the
formation of unnecessary thrombi that might be due to the activation of the coagulation cascade
or the circulating platelets. Platelets or thrombocytes play an essential role in hemostasis
but abnormal platelet function leads to the development of a number of cardiovascular
complications, including thrombotic disorders. Under pathological conditions, platelets are
associated with the development of different thrombotic disorders, including atherosclerosis,
arterial thrombosis and stroke, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism; therefore,
platelets are the target of a number of anti-thrombotic strategies. Flavonoids, a large group
of polyphenols ubiquitously expressed in fruits and vegetables that have attracted considerable
attention because of their benefits in human health, including the reduction of the risk
of cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids have been reported to reduce platelet activity by attenuating
agonist-induced GPIIb/IIIa receptor activation, mobilization of intracellular free
Ca2+, granule exocytosis, as well as activation of different signaling molecules such as mitogen-
activated protein kinases or phospholipases. This review summarizes the current studies
concerning the modulation of platelet activation by flavonoids, giving especial attention to
those events associated to thrombotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J. Lopez
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Mohammed El Haouari
- Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Laboratoire des Matériaux, Substances Naturelles, Environnement et Modélisation (LMSNEM), Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, B.P. 1223, Taza Gare, Morocco
| | - Isaac Jardin
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Nieves Alonso
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Infanta Cristina, 06006 Badajoz, Spain
| | - Sergio Regodon
- Department of Animal Medicine, University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Raquel Diez-Bello
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Pedro C. Redondo
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
| | - Juan A. Rosado
- Department of Physiology (Cell Physiology Research Group), University of Extremadura, 10003-Cáceres, Spain
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29
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Lu LJW, Chen NW, Nayeem F, Ramanujam VMS, Kuo YF, Brunder DG, Nagamani M, Anderson KE. Novel effects of phytoestrogenic soy isoflavones on serum calcium and chloride in premenopausal women: A 2-year double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Nutr 2018; 37:1862-1870. [PMID: 29183775 PMCID: PMC5948121 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2017.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Revised: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soy phytoestrogens are potential alternatives to postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Adverse effects of HRT such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and pulmonary embolism are mediated by calcium-induced signaling. OBJECTIVE To determine whether soy isoflavones affect serum calcium in healthy female subjects. DESIGN In a double-blind trial, 197 premenopausal women were randomly assigned to either isoflavone (N = 99) or placebo pills (N = 98) 5 days per week for up to 2 years, plus prenatal vitamins. Isoflavone pills contained 60 mg genistein, 60 mg daidzein and 16.6 mg glycitein (expressed as aglycone equivalents). All pills contained 15 mg riboflavin as an adherence marker. Blood chemistries and urinary daidzein, genistein and riboflavin were measured multiple times during the luteal phase before and during treatment. RESULTS Analysis of the adherent population (N = 83 per group), revealed significantly strong associations between urinary levels of isoflavones and serum concentrations of calcium (regression coefficients 0.082 for daidzein and 0.229 for genistein, all P < 0.01) and chloride (regression coefficient, -1.537 for genistein, P < 0.0001), mediated in part by albumin. The effects amounted to mean changes of +0.24 mg/dL for calcium and -1.45 mEq/L for chloride, with each visit for subjects excreting the most vs. the least amounts of isoflavones. These associations were not evident in the intention-to-treat analysis (N = 197) that did not assess expected variations in isoflavone levels within and between subjects from metabolism and adherence. CONCLUSIONS These novel and strong effects of soy isoflavones on calcium homeostasis have important implications for long term effects of these natural substances on cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee-Jane W Lu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Nai-Wei Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Fatima Nayeem
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - V-M Sadagopa Ramanujam
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Yong-Fang Kuo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Donald G Brunder
- Department of Academic Computing, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Manubai Nagamani
- Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
| | - Karl E Anderson
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA.
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30
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Lord R, Fairbourn N, Mylavarapu C, Dbeis A, Bowman T, Chandrashekar A, Banayat T, Hodges CA, Al-Nakkash L. Consuming Genistein Improves Survival Rates in the Absence of Laxative in ΔF508-CF Female Mice. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1418. [PMID: 30282922 PMCID: PMC6213472 DOI: 10.3390/nu10101418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is a naturally occurring isoflavone found in soy. Genistein has been shown to increase the open probability of the most common cystic fibrosis (CF) disease-associated mutation, ∆F508-CFTR. Mice homozygous for the ∆F508 mutation are characterized with severe intestinal disease and require constant laxative treatment for survival. This pathology mimics the intestinal obstruction (meconium ileus) seen in some cystic fibrosis patients. This study tested whether dietary supplementation with genistein would reduce the dependence of the ∆F508 CF mouse model on laxatives for survival, thereby improving mortality rates. At weaning (21 days), homozygous ∆F508 mice were maintained on one of three diet regimens for a period of up to 65 days: normal diet, normal diet plus colyte, or genistein diet. Survival rates for males were as follows: standard diet (38%, n = 21), standard diet plus colyte (83%, n = 42) and genistein diet (60%, n = 15). Survival rates for females were as follows: standard diet (47%, n = 19), standard diet plus colyte (71%, n = 38), and genistein diet (87%, n = 15). Average weight of male mice fed genistein diet increased by ~2.5 g more (p = 0.006) compared to those with colyte treatment. Genistein diet did not change final body weight of females. Expression of intestinal SGLT-1 increased 2-fold (p = 0.0005) with genistein diet in females (no change in males, p = 0.722). Expression of GLUT2 and GLUT5 was comparable between all diet groups. Genistein diet reduced the number of goblet cells per micrometer of crypt depth in female (p = 0.0483), yet was without effect in males (p = 0.7267). The results from this study demonstrate that supplementation of diet with genistein for ~45 days increases the survival rate of female ∆F508-CF mice (precluding the requirement for laxatives), and genistein only improves weight gain in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lord
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Nathan Fairbourn
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Charisma Mylavarapu
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Ammer Dbeis
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Taylor Bowman
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Archana Chandrashekar
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Tatum Banayat
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
| | - Craig A Hodges
- Department of Genetics & Genome Sciences & Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, 830 BRB, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, AZCOM, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA.
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31
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Sri Harsha PSC, Wahab RA, Garcia-Aloy M, Madrid-Gambin F, Estruel-Amades S, Watzl B, Andrés-Lacueva C, Brennan L. Biomarkers of legume intake in human intervention and observational studies: a systematic review. GENES AND NUTRITION 2018; 13:25. [PMID: 30214640 PMCID: PMC6131749 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-018-0614-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing interest in assessing dietary intake more accurately across different population groups, and biomarkers have emerged as a complementary tool to replace traditional dietary assessment methods. The purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review of the literature available and evaluate the applicability and validity of biomarkers of legume intake reported across various observational and intervention studies. A systematic search in PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Knowledge identified 44 studies which met the inclusion criteria for the review. Results from observational studies focused on soy or soy-based foods and demonstrated positive correlations between soy intake and urinary, plasma or serum isoflavonoid levels in different population groups. Similarly, intervention studies demonstrated increased genistein and daidzein levels in urine and plasma following soy intake. Both genistein and daidzein exhibited dose-response relationships. Other isoflavonoid levels such as O-desmethylangolensin (O-DMA) and equol were also reported to increase following soy consumption. Using a developed scoring system, genistein and daidzein can be considered as promising candidate markers for soy consumption. Furthermore, genistein and daidzein also served as good estimates of soy intake as evidenced from long-term exposure studies marking their status as validated biomarkers. On the contrary, only few studies indicated proposed biomarkers for pulses intake, with pipecolic acid and S-methylcysteine reported as markers reflecting dry bean consumption, unsaturated aliphatic, hydroxyl-dicarboxylic acid related to green beans intake and trigonelline reported as marker of peas consumption. However, data regarding criteria such as specificity, dose-response and time-response relationship, reliability, and feasibility to evaluate the validity of these markers is lacking. In conclusion, despite many studies suggesting proposed biomarkers for soy, there is a lack of information on markers of other different subtypes of legumes. Further discovery and validation studies are needed in order to identify reliable biomarkers of legume intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedapati S C Sri Harsha
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Roshaida Abdul Wahab
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Mar Garcia-Aloy
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francisco Madrid-Gambin
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sheila Estruel-Amades
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bernhard Watzl
- 4Department of Physiology and Biochemistry of Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Cristina Andrés-Lacueva
- 2Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomic Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, XaRTA, INSA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,3CIBER de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- 1UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, UCD, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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32
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Ottaviani JI, Fong RY, Borges G, Schroeter H, Crozier A. Use of LC-MS for the quantitative analysis of (poly)phenol metabolites does not necessarily yield accurate results: Implications for assessing existing data and conducting future research. Free Radic Biol Med 2018; 124:97-103. [PMID: 29870748 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2018.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived, dietary (poly)phenols have potential effects on disease-risk reduction and primary disease prevention. The characterization of (poly)phenol absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) is recognized as crucial step to further advance nutritional and biomedical research of these compounds; and given that (poly)phenols are extensively metabolized after ingestion, accurate assessments of their in vivo metabolites is required. It has become common practice to use unmetabolized parent compounds as reference standards when quantifying (poly)phenol metabolites by LC-MS, although little is known about the accuracy of this approach. To investigate this situation with routinely used LC-MS conditions, the signal yielded by the flavan-3-ol (-)-epicatechin was compared to those of authentic standards of its phase II and microbiota-derived metabolites. The results obtained revealed underestimations up to 94% and overestimations up to 113% of individual epicatechin metabolites. Inaccurate quantitative estimates were also obtained when phase II metabolites of other (poly)phenols were quantified by reference to their unmetabolized parent compounds. This demonstrates the importance of using structurally-identical authentic metabolites as reference compounds when quantifying (poly)phenol metabolites by LC-MS. This is of importance, not just to the accuracy of ADME studies, but for the identification and validation of (poly)phenol metabolites as biomarkers of intake in epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier I Ottaviani
- Mars Inc., McLean, VA 22101, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Reedmond Y Fong
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Gina Borges
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Alan Crozier
- Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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33
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Kwon JE, Lim J, Kim I, Kim D, Kang SC. Isolation and identification of new bacterial stains producing equol from Pueraria lobata extract fermentation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192490. [PMID: 29447179 PMCID: PMC5813953 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Equol is a nonsteroidal estrogen that is produced by intestinal bacterial metabolism. Equol and equol-producing bacteria have been extensively investigated with soybean-based materials under anaerobic condition. In this study, an under-appreciated plant material, Pueraria lobata, was used to find new bacterial strains that produce equol under aerobic conditions. Three new intestinal bacteria, CS1, CS2, and CS3, were isolated, and internal transcribed spacer analysis revealed that belonging to genus Pediococcus and Lactobacillus. HPLC analysis showed that these strains produced equol or its related intermediates when fermenting P. lobata extract. In comparison to fermentation of P. lobata extract, soybean germ extract was also fermented. While the isolated strains did not produce equol in this extract, they produced other equol-related precursors. To test the modularity effect of these fermentation mixtures with the newly isolated bacteria, MCF-7 cell proliferation assay was performed, which showed that all extracts fermented with those strains has a modularity effect. Fermenting P. lobata extract with strain CS1 demonstrated the best modularity effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Eun Kwon
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewon Lim
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Inhye Kim
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghyuk Kim
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Chan Kang
- College of Life Science, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, Republic of Korea
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Sandoval-Skeet N, Kaufman JA, Castro MJ, Al-Nakkash L. Genistein diet does not modify crypt morphology in the ob/ob mouse jejunum: a comparison of cryostat and clearing techniques. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2018; 11:863-873. [PMID: 30568474 PMCID: PMC6276911 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s182501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is commonly associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction. We have previously shown that transepithelial short circuit current, Isc (chloride secretion), is significantly reduced in the jejunum from ob/ob mice vs lean controls, and consumption of 600 mg genistein/kg of diet (600 G) for 4 weeks significantly rescues Isc. We aimed to evaluate whether morphological changes in the jejunal crypts contribute to the rescue of Isc. METHODS Male mice (ob/ob and lean controls) were fed either a genistein-free diet or genistein-containing diet (600 G). Comparisons of crypt morphology were made for crypt depth, length, and numbers of proliferative cells. Assessments of crypt measures using DAPI and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) were performed using traditional cryostat sectioning and an innovative 3D optical clearing method. RESULTS We found that crypt length in the ob/ob genistein-fed group was significantly greater when measured with cleared tissue (85.19±4.73 µm, P<0.05, n=8) compared to lengths measured with cryostat (65.42±3.48 µm, n=8). In addition, proliferative EdU+ counts were approximately fivefold greater with clearing, compared to counts obtained via single plane images from cryostat sections for all groups measured. The average length to EdU+ ratio was unchanged between groups. CONCLUSION Thus, we conclude that genistein diet does not affect overall cellular proliferation or crypt morphology, other than for the modest increased crypt length measured via clearing in the ob/ob genistein group. The increase in crypt length is likely indicative of the greater accuracy of the 3D measures compared to single plane. Genistein diet-induced increases in the intestinal Isc are therefore likely not attributed to changes in intestinal crypt morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA,
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Tao JH, Zhao M, Jiang S, Pu XL, Wei XY. Comparative metabolism of two major compounds in Fructus Corni extracts by gut microflora from normal and chronic nephropathy rats in vitro by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1073:170-176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Revised: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ahmed M, Eun JB. Flavonoids in fruits and vegetables after thermal and nonthermal processing: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 58:3159-3188. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2017.1353480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maruf Ahmed
- Chonnam National University, Food Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Jong-Bang Eun
- Chonnam National University, Food Science and Technology, Gwangju, South Korea
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Chadha R, Bhalla Y, Jain A, Chadha K, Karan M. Dietary Soy Isoflavone: A Mechanistic Insight. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy, a major component of the diet for centuries contains the largest concentration of isoflavones, a class of phytoestrogens. A variety of health benefits are associated with the consumption of soy primarily because of the isoflavones genistein, daidzein, and glycitein with a potential protective effect against a number of chronic diseases. Owing to the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties allied with isoflavonoids and their use in functional foods, there is a growing interest in these compounds. This review throws light on the chemistry, and significant pharmacological and biopharmaceutical aspects of soy isoflavones. This article critically describes the mechanisms of action, infers conclusions and shows opportunity for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renu Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Yashika Bhalla
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ankita Jain
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Kunal Chadha
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Maninder Karan
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
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Lim TG, Lee SY, Duan Z, Lee MH, Chen H, Liu F, Liu K, Jung SK, Kim DJ, Bode AM, Lee KW, Dong Z. The Prolyl Isomerase Pin1 Is a Novel Target of 6,7,4'-Trihydroxyisoflavone for Suppressing Esophageal Cancer Growth. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2017; 10:308-318. [PMID: 28325828 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-16-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intake of soy isoflavones is inversely associated with the risk of esophageal cancer. Numerous experimental results have supported the anticancer activity of soy isoflavones. This study aimed to determine the anti-esophageal cancer activity of 6,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone (6,7,4'-THIF), a major metabolite of daidzein, which is readily metabolized in the human body. Notably, 6,7,4'-THIF inhibited proliferation and increased apoptosis of esophageal cancer cells. On the basis of a virtual screening analysis, Pin1 was identified as a target protein of 6,7,4'-THIF. Pull-down assay results using 6,7,4'-THIF Sepharose 4B beads showed a direct interaction between 6,7,4'-THIF and the Pin1 protein. Pin1 is a critical therapeutic and preventive target in esophageal cancer because of its positive regulation of β-catenin and cyclin D1. The 6,7,4'-THIF compound simultaneously reduced Pin1 isomerase activity and the downstream activation targets of Pin1. The specific inhibitory activity of 6,7,4'-THIF was analyzed using Neu/Pin1 wild-type (WT) and Neu/Pin1 knockout (KO) MEFs. 6,7,4'-THIF effected Neu/Pin1 WT MEFs, but not Neu/Pin1 KO MEFs. Furthermore, the results of a xenograft assay using Neu/Pin1 WT and KO MEFs were similar to those obtained from the in vitro assay. Overall, we found that 6,7,4'-THIF specifically reduced Pin1 activity in esophageal cancer models. Importantly, 6,7,4'-THIF directly bound to Pin1 but not FKBP or cyclophilin A, the same family of proteins. Because Pin1 acts like an oncogene by modulating various carcinogenesis-related proteins, this study might at least partially explain the underlying mechanism(s) of the anti-esophageal cancer effects of soy isoflavones. Cancer Prev Res; 10(5); 308-18. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae-Gyu Lim
- Korea Food Research Institute, Gyeonggi, Korea
| | - Sung-Young Lee
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Zhaoheng Duan
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Mee-Hyun Lee
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hanyong Chen
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Fangfang Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kangdong Liu
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | | | - Dong Joon Kim
- China-US (Henan) Hormel Cancer Institute, Jinshui District, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ann M Bode
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Wellness Emergence Center, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Zigang Dong
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota.
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Heng D, Zhang T, Tian Y, Yu S, Liu W, Xu K, Liu J, Ding Y, Zhu B, Yang Y, Zhang C. Effects of dietary soybean isoflavones (SI) on reproduction in the young breeder rooster. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 177:124-131. [PMID: 28041654 DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2016.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 12/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Soybean isoflavones (SIs) are phytoestrogens that competitive with estrogens in body. Although SIs play an important role in reproduction, their role in testicular development in roosters is unknown. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of SIs on testicular development and serum reproductive hormone profiles in young breeder roosters (70-133days old). Gene expression of steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme (P450scc), and 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), which are related to testosterone synthesis, in rooster testis were also evaluated after treatment with different SI doses. Although SIs had no significant effect on body weight, 5mg/kg SIs significantly increased the testis index and serum levels of reproductive hormones (gonadotropin releasing hormone, follicle- stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone).To further investigate whether SIs regulate hormone synthesis via StAR, p450scc, 3β-HSD, real time-PCR was performed to measure the mRNA levels of the corresponding genes. The results showed that 5mg/kg of SIs significantly increased StAR mRNA levels. However, there were no significant effects on p450scc or 3β-HSD mRNA levels. Moreover, the spermatogonial development and the number of germ cell layers were increased by treatment with 5mg/kg of SIs. These results suggest that SIs promote testicular growth by increasing reproductive hormone secretion, which is closely related to StAR expression, to positively regulate reproduction in young roosters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Heng
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zhang
- Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Ningxia Agricultural School, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangyu Yu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenbo Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaili Xu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Liu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Ding
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Baochang Zhu
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanzhou Yang
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics in Ningxia, Department of Histology and Embryology, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China.
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Schacht S, Masood F, Catmull S, Dolan R, Altabtabaee R, Grow W, Al-Nakkash L. Dietary Genistein Influences Number of Acetylcholine Receptors in Female Diabetic Jejunum. J Diabetes Res 2017; 2017:3568146. [PMID: 28835900 PMCID: PMC5556993 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3568146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intestinal dysfunction in the ob/ob mouse model of diabetes mimics that seen clinically. METHODS We determined the effects of a 4-week genistein diet (600 mg genistein/kg food) on intestinal function (contractility, morphology, AChR, and motility) in female ob/ob and lean mice. RESULTS Contractility of the jejunum in response to incrementally increasing concentrations of KCl was comparable in ob/ob females and lean controls regardless of a genistein-diet. There were no changes in the wall thickness measured. We assessed the number of clusters of AChR in the jejunum wall; AChR were decreased by 48% in ob/ob mice versus leans, and the genistein diet reversed this. In utilizing a video-imaging system to evaluate gastrointestinal motility, we determined that the distance between consecutive contractile events was significantly increased by 1.87-fold in ob/ob mice versus leans, and the genistein diet was without effect. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that slowed intestinal transit in the diabetic ob/ob mouse may be due in part to decreased AChR and decreased contraction events occurring per unit time. A genistein diet rescues the number of AChR to levels of leans yet did not change the number of contractile events. Feeding ob/ob mice a genistein-rich diet has potential therapeutic benefits towards improving the debilitating diabetes-related gastrointestinal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Schacht
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Faisal Masood
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Shawn Catmull
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Robert Dolan
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - RussL Altabtabaee
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Wade Grow
- Department of Anatomy, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, 19555 N. 59th Avenue, Glendale, AZ 85308, USA
- *Layla Al-Nakkash:
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Fang K, Dong H, Wang D, Gong J, Huang W, Lu F. Soy isoflavones and glucose metabolism in menopausal women: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1602-14. [PMID: 27004555 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201501024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2015] [Revised: 02/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether soy isoflavones, a type of phytoestrogen, would affect glucose homeostasis in menopausal women. METHODS AND RESULTS Studies concerning about the relationship between soy isoflavone treatment and glucose metabolism were searched on MEDLINE and WEB OF SCIENCE (updated through April 2015) and EMBASE (1990-April 2015). Seventeen randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with a total number of 1529 menopausal women were identified for meta-analysis. Soy isoflavones were found to show great significance for the improvement of glucose metabolism, though marked heterogeneity was found between studies. The overall results showed that the average difference in fasting blood glucose values between women assigned to soy isoflavones and women in placebo groups was -0.22 mmol/L (95% CI: -0.38 to -0.07 mmol/L) under a random-effects model. In addition, the effect of soy isoflavones on insulin was also significant: -0.43 μIU/mL (95% CI: -0.71 to -0.14 μIU/mL), as was the effect on homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR): -0.52 (95% CI: -0.76 to -0.28). CONCLUSION Although the results displayed a significant tendency in favor of soy isoflavones, it appears that genistein alone played an important role in improving glucose metabolism due to its low heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Fang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Hui Dong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Dingkun Wang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Jing Gong
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Wenya Huang
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Fuer Lu
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
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Tao JH, Duan JA, Qian YY, Qian DW, Guo JM. Investigation of the interactions between Chrysanthemum morifolium flowers extract and intestinal bacteria from human and rat. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 30:1807-1819. [PMID: 27151775 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Flos Chrysanthemi, dried flower of Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat, has drawn much attention recently owing to its potential beneficial health effects for human. Flos Chrysanthemi products are usually taken orally and metabolized by intestinal microflora. However, there has been no investigation of the comprehensive metabolic profile of the Flos Chrysanthemi extract by intestinal flora owing to its chemical complexity and the limitations of analytical methods. In this paper, a rapid, sensitive and automated analysis method, ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry including MSE technology and automated data processing Metabolynx™ software, was developed and successfully applied for the biotransformation and metabolic profile of flavonoids in the Flos Chrysanthemi extract by intestinal flora from human and rat. A total of 32 metabolites were detected and tentatively identified in human and rat intestinal bacterial samples. These metabolites indicated that hydrolysis, hydroxylation, acetylation, methylation, hydrogenation and deoxygenation were the major conversion pathways of flavonoids in the Flos Chrysanthemi extract in vitro. Furthermore, the effects of the Flos Chrysanthemi extract on the growth of different intestinal bacteria were detected using an Emax precision microplate reader. Certain pathogenic bacteria such as Enterobacter, Enterococcus, Clostridium and Bacteroides were significantly inhibited by Flos Chrysanthemi, while commensal probiotics such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium were moderately promoted. Our observation provided further evidence for the importance of intestinal bacteria in the metabolism and potential activity of the Flos Chrysanthemi extract. The results will also be helpful for the further pharmacokinetic study of Flos Chrysanthemi and to unravel how it works in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hua Tao
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin-Ao Duan
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi-Yun Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Da-Wei Qian
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Ming Guo
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, and National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
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Nan G, Wang P, Sun J, Lv J, Ding M, Yang L, Li Y, Yang G. Spectroscopy and molecular docking study on the interaction of daidzein and genistein with pepsin. LUMINESCENCE 2016; 31:1524-1531. [DOI: 10.1002/bio.3139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guanjun Nan
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Xi'an No.4 Hospital; Shaanxi 710004 People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Sun
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Lv
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Meiwen Ding
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Liu Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Yiping Li
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi 710061 People's Republic of China
| | - Guangde Yang
- School of Pharmacy; Xi'an Jiaotong University; Shaanxi 710061 People's Republic of China
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Simperova A, Al-Nakkash L, Faust JJ, Sweazea KL. Genistein supplementation prevents weight gain but promotes oxidative stress and inflammation in the vasculature of female obese ob/ob mice. Nutr Res 2016; 36:789-97. [PMID: 27440533 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Obesity, a state of chronic low-grade inflammation, is strongly associated with the development of hypertension and diabetes. Superoxide, a free radical elevated in obese individuals, promotes hypertension through scavenging the endogenous vasodilator nitric oxide. The hypothesis was a genistein-enriched diet would promote weight loss and reduce oxidative stress and inflammation in the vasculature of intact female ob/ob mice. Aortas and mesenteric arteries were isolated from female ob/ob mice fed genistein-free (0mg genistein/kg diet; n=6), standard chow (200-300mg genistein/kg diet; n=11) or genistein-enriched (600mg genistein/kg diet; n=9) diets for 4weeks. Sections of isolated vessels were labeled with the superoxide indicator dihydroethidium and fluorescence was measured by confocal microscopy. Protein expression of the inflammatory marker inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was measured in the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) surrounding each vessel and plasma concentrations of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were quantified. Genistein-enriched diet promoted less weight gain compared to animals fed standard chow (P=.008). Standard chow promoted increased superoxide in the aorta (P=.030) and mesenteric arteries (P=.024) compared to a diet devoid of genistein. At all tested concentrations, genistein significantly increased iNOS expression in mesenteric artery PVAT (vs. standard chow, P<.001; vs. genistein-enriched, P=.002) and tended to increase iNOS within the aortic PVAT (standard chow, P=.075) compared to the genistein-free group. Plasma SOD activity was significantly downregulated in genistein-enriched animals as compared to those fed a genistein-free diet (P=.028). In summary, although genistein prevents weight gain, it promotes vascular oxidative stress and inflammation in obese ovarian-intact female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Simperova
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ
| | - James J Faust
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ
| | - Karen L Sweazea
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ; School of Nutrition and Health Promotion, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ.
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Michelin RM, Al-Nakkash L, Broderick TL, Plochocki JH. Genistein treatment increases bone mass in obese, hyperglycemic mice. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2016; 9:63-70. [PMID: 27042131 PMCID: PMC4801201 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s97600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are associated with elevated risk of limb bone fracture. Incidences of these conditions are on the rise worldwide. Genistein, a phytoestrogen, has been shown by several studies to demonstrate bone-protective properties and may improve bone health in obese type 2 diabetics. METHODS In this study, we test the effects of genistein treatment on limb bone and growth plate cartilage histomorphometry in obese, hyperglycemic ob/ob mice. Six-week-old ob/ob mice were divided into control and genistein-treated groups. Genistein-treated mice were fed a diet containing 600 mg genistein/kg for a period of 4 weeks. Cross-sectional geometric and histomorphometric analyses were conducted on tibias. RESULTS Genistein-treated mice remained obese and hyperglycemic. However, histomorphometric comparisons show that genistein-treated mice have greater tibial midshaft diameters and ratios of cortical bone to total tissue area than the controls. Genistein-treated mice also exhibit decreased growth plate thickness of the proximal tibia. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that genistein treatment affects bone of the tibial midshaft in the ob/ob mouse, independent of improvements in the hyperglycemic state and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard M Michelin
- Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Layla Al-Nakkash
- Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jeffrey H Plochocki
- Department of Anatomy, Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Glendale, AZ, USA
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Darpan D, Joshi G, Amrutkar SM, Baviskar AT, Kler H, Singh S, Banerjee UC, Kumar R. Synthesis and biological evaluation of new 2,5-dimethylthiophene/furan based N-acetyl pyrazolines as selective topoisomerase II inhibitors. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra25705k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Based on reported pharmacophores as topoisomerase inhibitors, 2,5-dimethylthiophene/furan basedN-acetyl pyrazolines were designed and envisaged as topoisomerase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darpan Darpan
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - Gaurav Joshi
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - Suyog M. Amrutkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali, S. A. S. Nagar, Sec 67
- India
| | - Ashish T. Baviskar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali, S. A. S. Nagar, Sec 67
- India
| | - Harveen Kler
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - Sandeep Singh
- Centre for Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
| | - Uttam C. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology)
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)
- Mohali, S. A. S. Nagar, Sec 67
- India
| | - Raj Kumar
- Laboratory for Drug Design and Synthesis
- Centre for Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products
- Central University of Punjab
- Bathinda
- India
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Effect of simultaneous consumption of soymilk and coffee on the urinary excretion of isoflavones, chlorogenic acids and metabolites in healthy adults. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.09.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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48
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Lopes de Azambuja CR, dos Santos LG, Rodrigues MR, Rodrigues RFM, da Silveira EF, Azambuja JH, Flores AF, Horn AP, Dora CL, Muccillo-Baisch AL, Braganhol E, da Silva Pinto L, Parize AL, de Lima VR. Physico-chemical characterization of asolectin–genistein liposomal system: An approach to analyze its in vitro antioxidant potential and effect in glioma cells viability. Chem Phys Lipids 2015; 193:24-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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49
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Risk assessment for peri- and post-menopausal women taking food supplements containing isolated isoflavones. EFSA J 2015. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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50
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Rodríguez-Morató J, Farré M, Pérez-Mañá C, Papaseit E, Martínez-Riera R, de la Torre R, Pizarro N. Pharmacokinetic Comparison of Soy Isoflavone Extracts in Human Plasma. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6946-53. [PMID: 26186408 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The soy isoflavones daidzein and genistein produce several biological activities related to health benefits. A number of isoflavone extracts are commercially available, but there is little information concerning the specific isoflavone content of these products or differences in their bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. This study describes the development and validation of an analytical method to detect and quantify daidzein, genistein, and equol in human plasma using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method was applied in a crossover, randomized, bioavailability study. Twelve healthy volunteers were administered the same total isoflavones dose from two isoflavone supplement preparations (Super-Absorbable Soy Isoflavones (Life Extension, USA) and Fitoladius (Merck, Spain)). The pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC0-24/dose and Cmax/dose) of the isoflavones from the two preparations differed significantly. Such differences in bioavailability and kinetics may have relevant effects on the health benefits derived from their intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Rodríguez-Morató
- †Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- ‡Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- §CIBER de Fisiopatologı́a Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Magí Farré
- †Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- #Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus, M Building, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Clara Pérez-Mañá
- †Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- #Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus, M Building, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Esther Papaseit
- †Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- #Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus, M Building, Barcelona 08193, Spain
| | - Roser Martínez-Riera
- #Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus, M Building, Barcelona 08193, Spain
- ⊥Institut de Neuropsiquiatria i Adiccions, Adiction Unit and IMIM, Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
| | - Rafael de la Torre
- †Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- ‡Pompeu Fabra University (CEXS-UPF), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- §CIBER de Fisiopatologı́a Obesidad y Nutrición, Santiago de Compostela 15706, Spain
| | - Nieves Pizarro
- †Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Research Group, Neurosciences Research Program, IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Dr. Aiguader 88, Barcelona 08003, Spain
- #Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology and Department of Psychiatry, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, UAB Campus, M Building, Barcelona 08193, Spain
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