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Alotaibi BS, El-Masry TA, Selim H, El-Bouseary MM, El-Sheekh MM, Makhlof MEM, El-Nagar MMF. New insights into the anticancer effects of Polycladia crinita aqueous extract and its selenium nanoformulation against the solid Ehrlich carcinoma model in mice via VEGF, notch 1, NF-кB, cyclin D1, and caspase 3 signaling pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345516. [PMID: 38469406 PMCID: PMC10926956 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Phaeophyceae species are enticing interest among researchers working in the nanotechnology discipline, because of their diverse biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-tumor. In the present study, the anti-cancer properties of Polycladia crinita extract and green synthesized Polycladia crinita selenium nanoparticles (PCSeNPs) against breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) and solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) were investigated. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy examinations of Polycladia crinita were determined and various analytical procedures, such as SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD, were employed to characterize the biosynthesized PCSeNPs. In vitro, the anticancer activity of free Polycladia crinita and PCSeNPs was evaluated using the viability assay against MDA-MB-231, and also cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry was determined. Furthermore, to study the possible mechanisms behind the in vivo anti-tumor action, mice bearing SEC were randomly allocated into six equal groups (n = 6). Group 1: Tumor control group, group 2: free SeNPs, group 3: 25 mg/kg Polycladia crinita, group 4: 50 mg/kg Polycladia crinita, group 5: 25 mg/kg PCSeNPs, group 6: 50 mg/kg PCSeNPs. Results: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy examinations of Polycladia crinita extract exposed the presence of many bioactive compounds, such as 4-Octadecenoic acid-methyl ester, Tetradecanoic acid, and n-Hexadecenoic acid. These compounds together with other compounds found, might work in concert to encourage the development of anti-tumor activities. Polycladia crinita extract and PCSeNPs were shown to inhibit cancer cell viability and early cell cycle arrest. Concentrations of 50 mg/kg of PCSeNPs showed suppression of COX-2, NF-кB, VEGF, ki-67, Notch 1, and Bcl-2 protein levels. Otherwise, showed amplification of the caspase 3, BAX, and P53 protein levels. Moreover, gene expression of caspase 3, caspase 9, Notch 1, cyclin D1, NF-кB, IL-6, and VEGF was significantly more effective with PCSeNPs than similar doses of free extract. Conclusion: The PCSeNPs mediated their promising anti-cancerous action by enhancing apoptosis and mitigating inflammation, which manifested in promoting the total survival rate and the tumor volume decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Badriyah S. Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thanaa A. El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Hend Selim
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Maisra M. El-Bouseary
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | | | - Mofida E. M. Makhlof
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Maysa M. F. El-Nagar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Antioxidant and Anticancer Potentials of the Olive and Sesame Mixture against Dimethylhydrazine-Induced Colorectal Cancer in Wistar Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:5440773. [PMID: 36262974 PMCID: PMC9576397 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5440773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and natural agents have shown some promise in fighting it. Thus, the present study tried to evaluate the healing potential of an equal combination of olive and sesame extract (MOS) against the colorectal cancerous lesions that were induced by dimethylhydrazine (DMH) in male rats and also compare the anticarcinogenic potential of the MOS and vitamin E with each other. Therefore, the mixture of equal olive and sesame extract (MOS) was used as the main treatment, alongside vitamin E as a parallel treatment. This study examined the red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) levels, biochemical indices, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), C-reactive protein (CRP), total protein (TP), creatine kinase (CPK), albumin, and the colon tissue pathology, as well as the level of protein expression of the adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). Also, the tissue stress markers including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were analyzed. Overall, the results represented a significant reduction in the congestion, mitotic index, inflammation, and cell destruction in the MOS group compared to the DMH group. In terms of the oxidative stress level, a significant increase was observed in the DMH group in comparison with the DMH-MOS group (P < 0.05), and the MOS significantly increased TAC level (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the DMH+MOS-exposed group exhibited a significantly lower expression of the PCNA, CEA, and PDGF proteins than those of the DMH group. Overall, the MOS showed that it can effectively prevent DMH-induced colon lesions. This mixture, as a strong antioxidant agent, can be clinically applied for preventing and treating colorectal cancer, the effectiveness of which is higher than that of vitamin E.
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Mohammadihaji R, Gheibi N, Amiri S, Adibzadeh S, Abdolmaleki F, Elmi A, Rahmani B, Azad M. The effect of ω-6 fatty acid on WT1 and WIF-1 genes expression and inducing apoptosis in A375 melanoma cell line. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Newell M, Goruk S, Schueler J, Mazurak V, Postovit LM, Field CJ. Docosahexaenoic acid enrichment of tumor phospholipid membranes increases tumor necroptosis in mice bearing triple negative breast cancer patient-derived xenografts. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109018. [PMID: 35489658 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) reduces breast cancer tumor growth in preclinical models. To better understand how DHA amplifies the actions of docetaxel (TXT) chemotherapy, we examined the effects of two doses of dietary DHA on tumor size, membrane DHA content and necroptosis using a drug resistant triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patient derived xenograft (PDX) model. Female NSG mice bearing TNBC PDXs were randomized to one of three nutritionally complete diets (20% w/w fat): control (0% DHA), high DHA (3.8% HDHA), or low DHA (1.6% LDHA) with or without intraperitoneal injections of 5 mg/kg TXT, twice weekly for 6 weeks (n=8 per group). Tumors from mice fed either HDHA+TXT or LDHA+TXT were similar in size to each other, but were 36% and 32% smaller than tumors from mice fed control+TXT, respectively (P<0.05). A dose effect of DHA incorporation was observed in plasma total phospholipids and in phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. Both doses of DHA resulted in similarly increased necrotic tissue and decreased NFκB protein expression compared to control tumors, however only the HDHA+TXT had increased expression of necroptosis related proteins: RIPK1, RIPK3 and MLKL (P<0.05). Increased MLKL was observed in the lipid raft portion of HDHA+TXT tumor extracts. This work confirms the efficacy of a combination therapy consisting of DHA supplementation and TXT chemotherapy using two doses of DHA as indicated by reduced tumor growth in a TNBC PDX model. Moreover, the results suggest that decreased growth may occur through increased DHA incorporation into tumor phospholipid membranes and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marnie Newell
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - Julia Schueler
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Vera Mazurak
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1
| | - Lynne-Marie Postovit
- Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2R7; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6
| | - Catherine J Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, T6G 2E1.
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Vaezi M. Evaluation of quercetin omega-6 and -9 esters on activity and structure of mushroom tyrosinase: Spectroscopic and molecular docking studies. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13953. [PMID: 34585423 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the most ubiquitous dietary flavonoids widely distributed in plants and foods of plant origin, and is a potent tyrosinase inhibitor. Quercetin fatty esters could lead to an improve in quercetin lipophilicity which could positively affect its pharmacological activity. In this study, the inhibitory effect of two novel esters of quercetin-linoleic acid (ligand A) and quercetin-oleic acid (ligand B) has been investigated on structure and diphenolase activity of mushroom tyrosinase (MT) by experimental and molecular docking techniques. The inhibitory kinetics study using UV-visible spectrophotometry in the presence of its substrate 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa), revealed that both esters successfully inhibit the activity of tyrosinase and reduce the formation of dopaquinone. Results showed that the binding of ligands to MT induced rearrangement and conformational changes of the enzyme. Thermodynamic parameters of these interactions (Ka , ∆G°, ∆H° and ∆S°) were obtained at pH = 6.8 and temperatures of 298 and 310 K. Molecular docking studies further was applied to calculation of binding energies (ΔGbA = -21.84 kJ/mol, ΔGbB = -20.92 kJ/mol), inhibition constant values (KIA = 160 µM, KIB = 220 µM) and the special binding site. It can be deduced that ligands act as a potential tyrosinase inhibitor and it was found that the best possible interaction condition with binding modes visualize was achieved by ligand A and exhibited the potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. These findings may be helpful to understand the inhibition mechanism of quercetin fatty acids esters on tyrosinase and provide a convenient screening method to differentiate phenolic tyrosinase inhibitors. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Bioavailability and antioxidant activity of conjugated fatty acids with their bioequivalence in several biological effects and metabolic processes such as beta-oxidation from various forms has been reported to be highly variable and useful. Quercetin shows beneficial role in human health, but its biological effects in vivo is limited by poor bioavailability, low skin permeability and solubility. This study design new tyrosinase inhibitors which helpful to functional research of unsaturated fatty acid esters in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and hyperpigmentation disorders. In addition, undesirable enzymatic browning of plant derived-foods by tyrosinase causes a decrease in market value and economic loss of food products. The results suggest that the conjugation of quercetin with linoleic and oleic acids resulted in novel stronger tyrosinase inhibitors which may have therapeutic applications and replacement of toxic tyrosinase inhibitors and contribute as anti- browning agents in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morteza Vaezi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran
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Mollica MP, Trinchese G, Cimmino F, Penna E, Cavaliere G, Tudisco R, Musco N, Manca C, Catapano A, Monda M, Bergamo P, Banni S, Infascelli F, Lombardi P, Crispino M. Milk Fatty Acid Profiles in Different Animal Species: Focus on the Potential Effect of Selected PUFAs on Metabolism and Brain Functions. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13041111. [PMID: 33800688 PMCID: PMC8066999 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Milk contains several important nutrients that are beneficial for human health. This review considers the nutritional qualities of essential fatty acids (FAs), especially omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) present in milk from ruminant and non-ruminant species. In particular, the impact of milk fatty acids on metabolism is discussed, including its effects on the central nervous system. In addition, we presented data indicating how animal feeding—the main way to modify milk fat composition—may have a potential impact on human health, and how rearing and feeding systems strongly affect milk quality within the same animal species. Finally, we have presented the results of in vivo studies aimed at supporting the beneficial effects of milk FA intake in animal models, and the factors limiting their transferability to humans were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria P. Mollica
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Trinchese
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- BAT Center—Interuniversity Center for Studies on Bioinspired Agro-Environmental Technology, University of Naples ‘Federico II’, 80055 Naples, Italy
| | - Fabiano Cimmino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Eduardo Penna
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Gina Cavaliere
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Raffaella Tudisco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Nadia Musco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Claudia Manca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Angela Catapano
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Marcellino Monda
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Human Physiology and Unit of Dietetics and Sports Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80138 Naples, Italy;
| | - Paolo Bergamo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-08-2529-9506
| | - Sebastiano Banni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Monserrato, 09042 Cagliari, Italy; (C.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Federico Infascelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Pietro Lombardi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Production, University of Napoli Federico II, 80100 Naples, Italy; (R.T.); (N.M.); (F.I.); (P.L.)
| | - Marianna Crispino
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy; (M.P.M.); (G.T.); (F.C.); (E.P.); (G.C.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
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Her-2 Breast Cancer Outcomes Are Mitigated by Consuming n-3 Polyunsaturated, Saturated, and Monounsaturated Fatty Acids Compared to n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123901. [PMID: 33419361 PMCID: PMC7766940 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle habits, such as the consumption of a healthy diet, may prevent up to 30–50% of breast cancer (BC) cases. Dietary fats are of specific interest, as research provides strong evidence regarding the association of dietary fats and BC. However, there is limited research on the role of different types of fats including polyunsaturated (PUFA), monounsaturated (MUFA), and saturated fatty acids (SFA). The objective of this study was to determine the effects of lifelong exposure to various dietary fats on mammary tumour development over a 20-week period. Female heterozygous MMTV-neu (ndl) YD5 mouse models were fed five maternal diets containing (1) 10% safflower oil (n-6 PUFA, control), (2) 3% menhaden oil + 7% safflower oil (marine n-3 PUFA, control), (3) 3% flaxseed + 7% safflower oil (plant-based n-3 PUFA), (4) 10% olive oil (MUFA), or (5) 10% lard (SFA). The primary measures, tumour latency, volume, and multiplicity differed by diet treatment in the following general order, n-6 PUFA > plant n-3 PUFA, SFA, MUFA > marine n-3 PUFA. Overall, these findings show that the quality of the diet plays a significant role influencing mammary tumour outcomes.
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Runau F, Arshad A, Isherwood JD, Sandhu JK, Ng LL, Dennison AR, Jones DJL. Proteomic Characterization of Circulating Molecular Perturbations Associated With Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Following Intravenous ω-3 Fatty Acid and Gemcitabine Administration: A Pilot Study. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2020; 45:738-750. [PMID: 32716569 DOI: 10.1002/jpen.1952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Administration of intravenous ω-3 fatty acid (ω-3FA) in advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients receiving gemcitabine chemotherapy shows disease stabilization and improved progression-free survival. Using high-definition plasma proteomics, the underlying biological mechanisms responsible for these clinical effects are investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS A pilot study involving plasma that was collected at baseline from 13 patients with histologically confirmed, unresectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma (baseline group) after 1-month treatment with intravenous gemcitabine and ω-3FA (treatment group) and intravenous gemcitabine only (control group) and was prepared for proteomic analysis. A 2-arm study comparing baseline vs treatment and treatment vs control was performed. Proteins were isolated from plasma with extensive immunodepletion, then digested and labeled with isobaric tandem mass tag peptide tags. Samples were then combined, fractionated, and injected into a QExactive-Orbitrap Mass-Spectrometer and analyzed on Proteome Discoverer and Scaffold with ensuing bioinformatics analysis. Selective reaction monitoring analysis was performed for verification. In total, 3476 proteins were identified. Anti-inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, haptoglobin, and serum amyloid-A1) were reduced in the treatment group. Enrichment analysis showed angiogenesis downregulation, complement immune systems upregulation, and epigenetic modifications on histones. Pathway analysis identified direct action via the Pi3K-AKT pathway. Serum amyloid-A1 significantly reduced (P < .001) as a potential biomarker of efficacy for ω-3FA. CONCLUSIONS This pilot study demonstrates administration of ω-3FA has potential anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, and proapoptotic effects via direct interaction with cancer-signaling pathways in patients with advanced pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Further studies in a larger sample size is required to validate the clinical correlation found in this preliminary study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franscois Runau
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK.,Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ali Arshad
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - John D Isherwood
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Jatinderpal K Sandhu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Leong L Ng
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ashley R Dennison
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Donald J L Jones
- Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.,Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Singh D, Tripathi AD, Adhikari KS, Paul V. Development of Functional Dark Chocolate by Incorporating Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) Oil and Honey with Improved Organoleptic and Textural Attributes. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401315666190823093846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Chocolate is one of the most consumable fast-moving consumer goods
(FMCG), possessing many health benefits. The present study was envisaged to develop dark chocolate
incorporated with flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) oil and honey. Flaxseed oil contains omega-3
fatty acid which is useful in heart disease, arthritis, inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, and cancer,
whereas honey acts as an antioxidant.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to develop functional dark chocolate with improved organoleptic,
textural and functional attributes by optimizing the ingredients levels such as flaxseed oil
and honey and its further validation for quality improvement.
Methods:
The chocolate composition was optimized by selecting two variables including flaxseed oil
(1-2.5g) and honey (10-15g) at 3 levels in central composite rotatable design (CCRD) by using Design-
Expert version 11 software tool.
Results:
After optimization, the best-predicted formulation comprising flaxseed oil 2.37% (w/w) and
honey 15% (w/w) showed best sensorial score (p<0.05) with desirability 0.826.
Conclusion:
Physicochemical analysis of optimized formulation showed significant improvement in
organoleptic attributes (p <0.05) with a significant increase of 10.22% (p <0.05) in antioxidant activity
in comparison to control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dixita Singh
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Abhishek D. Tripathi
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Kundan S. Adhikari
- School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
| | - Veena Paul
- Centre of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India
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Li P, Shan B, Jia K, Hu F, Xiao Y, Zheng J, Gao YT, Wang H, Gao Y. Plasma omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and recurrence of endometrial cancer. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:576. [PMID: 32563240 PMCID: PMC7305622 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-07035-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were proposed to have potential effects against inflammation and cancer. However, results from epidemiology studies remain inconsistent. We aimed to explore the associations of plasma PUFAs with EC recurrence and all-cause mortality. METHOD Women diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) between 2008 and 2013 and underwent surgery at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center of China were recruited. Survival status was followed up through September 2017. EC recurrence and total cause deaths were identified through medical record and telephone interview. In total, 202 patients with enough plasma samples at time of surgery were included. There were 195 patients who provided baseline plasma and survival information included in the current study. Plasma omega-3 PUFAs were measured by GC-FID. Cox Proportional Hazard model adjusted for potential cofounders was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs. RESULTS Median follow-up time for patients was 58 months after surgery. A total of 13 recurrences and 11 all-cause deaths, of which, 2 deaths from EC, were identified. Level of plasma EPA was higher in recurrent patients than total patients (0.78% vs 0.51%, P = 0.015). Higher plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) level trended to have positive association with EC recurrence (P-trend = 0.04), although comparing to the lowest tertile, the highest tertile of EPA level was not significantly associated with increased risk of EC recurrence (HRT3vsT1 = 6.02; 95%CI = 0.7-52.06). The association between total omega-3 PUFA and EC recurrence tended to be stronger among patients with deeper myometrial invasion (OR = 3.41; 95%CI = 1.06-10.95; P-interaction = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Higher plasma EPA level was significantly associated with EC recurrence. Further studies are warranted to confirm these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION ChiCTR1900025418; Retrospectively registered (26 August 2019); Chinses Clinical Trial Registry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiqin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Boer Shan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Keyu Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jusheng Zheng
- School of Life Sciences, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Tang Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai, China
| | - Huaying Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ying Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Nutrition, Metabolism and Food Safety, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
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Randomized Study Design to Test Effects of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation as Adjuvant Therapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2138:337-350. [PMID: 32219761 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0471-7_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acid co-supplementation on inflammation and nutritional status in colorectal cancer patients. Patients were randomly assigned into four groups: (1) controls, receiving placebos; (2) omega-3 fatty acid arm, receiving two 330 mg omega-3 fatty acid capsules daily and placebo (for vitamin D3) weekly; (3) vitamin D arm, receiving a 50,000 IU vitamin D3 soft gel weekly and two placebos (for omega-3 fatty acids) daily; and (4) co-supplementation arm, receiving a 50,000 IU vitamin D3 soft gel weekly and two 330 mg omega-3 fatty acids capsules daily for 8 weeks. As outcomes, we measure height; weight; fat-free mass (FFM); serum levels of 25(OH)D, TNF-α, and IL-6; C-CRP; and albumin, before and after the intervention. The presented results show that vitamin D3 plus omega-3 fatty acid co-supplementation in colorectal cancer patients has beneficial impacts on inflammation and nutritional status.
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Jóźwiak M, Filipowska A, Fiorino F, Struga M. Anticancer activities of fatty acids and their heterocyclic derivatives. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 871:172937. [PMID: 31958454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Traditional chemotherapy relies on the premise that rapidly proliferating cancer cells are more likely to be killed by a cytotoxic agent, but in reality, the long-standing problem of chemotherapy is the lack of tumor-specific treatments. Apart from the impact on tumor cells, the drugs' major limitation is their severe adverse side effects on normal cells and tissues. Nutritional and epidemiological studies have indicated that cancer progression is correlated with the consumption of fatty acids, but the exact mechanisms still remain unknown. In the first part of our review, we discussed the beneficial effects of free fatty acids (saturated and unsaturated) on the progress of carcinogenesis in different tumor cell lines. We presented various mechanisms proposed in the literature, which explain the possible impact on the cells metabolism. The second part describes modifications of different fatty acids with existing anticancer drugs and heterocyclic moieties by condensation reactions. Such conjugations increased the tissue selectivity and made chemotherapy potentially more effective and less toxic in in vivo and in vitro studies. This fatty acid modifications, which change the activity of compounds, their uptake selectivity and alter drug delivery methods, may be the key to unlocking true medical potential of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Jóźwiak
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Filipowska
- Department of Biosensors and Processing of Biomedical Signals, Silesian University of Technology, Zabrze, Poland
| | - Ferdinando Fiorino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia Universita di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Marta Struga
- Chair and Department of Biochemistry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Murray M, Roseblade A, Chen Y, Bourget K, Rawling T. Carbon Chain Length Modulates MDA‐MB‐231 Breast Cancer Cell Killing Mechanisms by Mitochondrially Targeted Aryl−Urea Fatty Acids. ChemMedChem 2020; 15:247-255. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201900577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murray
- Discipline of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Ariane Roseblade
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology Sydney Ultimo, New South Wales 2007 Australia
| | - Yongjuan Chen
- Discipline of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Kirsi Bourget
- Discipline of Pharmacology School of Medical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and HealthUniversity of Sydney Camperdown, New South Wales 2006 Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Faculty of ScienceUniversity of Technology Sydney Ultimo, New South Wales 2007 Australia
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Haidari F, Abiri B, Iravani M, Razavi SM, Sarbakhsh P, Ahmadi-Angali K, Vafa M. Effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, tumor marker CEA, and nutritional status in patients with colorectal cancer: a study protocol for a double blind randomized controlled trial. Trials 2019; 20:682. [PMID: 31815661 PMCID: PMC6900845 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-019-3719-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Much evidence is available demonstrating that both vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids block the development and progression of colonic carcinogenesis. The results of animal studies have shown that the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids can decrease inflammatory biomarkers, enhance the efficacy of chemotherapy, and decrease the side effects of chemotherapy or cancer. Also, observational studies propose that higher levels of 25(OH)D are related to improved survival of colorectal cancer patients. This study will aim to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, tumor marker CEA, and nutritional status in colorectal cancer patients. METHODS/DESIGN We will carry out an 8-week double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on inflammatory biomarkers, tumor marker CEA, and nutritional status in patients with stage ӀӀ or ӀӀӀ colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy. DISCUSSION Because of the important effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids on molecular pathways involved in cancer development and progression, it seems that both vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids may provide a new adjuvant therapy by decreasing inflammatory biomarkers and resistance to cancer treatment in patients with colorectal cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20180306038979N1. Registered on 16 March 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haidari
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masood Iravani
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Mohsen Razavi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Sarbakhsh
- Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi-Angali
- Faculty of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Lin CR, Chu TM, Luo A, Huang SJ, Chou HY, Lu MW, Wu JL. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress metastatic features of human cholangiocarcinoma cells by suppressing twist. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 74:108245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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16
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Breast cancer prevention in premenopausal women: role of the Mediterranean diet and its components. Nutr Res Rev 2019; 33:19-32. [PMID: 31571551 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a growing public health concern in most developed and developing countries. Since an increasing number of patients with BC are diagnosed before the menopause and premenopausal women show a more aggressive phenotype, there is consistent interest in promoting prevention strategies in order to reduce the incidence of BC in the premenopause. The Mediterranean diet (MD) has been reported to have beneficial effect in terms of cancer prevention. This healthy dietary pattern consists primarily of foods having important antioxidant properties along with a favourable fatty acid profile, all associated with a reduced risk of cancer. Due to the large variability in study subject characteristics, the protective role of the MD on BC still remains controversial and studies that have investigated the association between adherence to the MD and risk of BC in premenopausal women are fewer than those in postmenopausal women. In addition, the possibility that the beneficial effects of the MD are due to a single component or might more probably derive from the synergic effects of all components of the MD remains a scantly explored field. Considering the increased risk of recurrence and mortality rate of BC in premenopausal women as compared with postmenopausal women, the aim of the present report is to provide a general overview of the current evidence on the relationship between BC and the MD specifically in premenopausal women, and to emphasise the potential role of the MD as an effective measure to reduce the risk of developing BC in premenopausal women.
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Haidari F, Abiri B, Iravani M, Ahmadi-Angali K, Vafa M. Effects of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Co-Supplementation on Inflammatory Factors and Tumor Marker CEA in Colorectal Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial. Nutr Cancer 2019; 72:948-958. [PMID: 32441198 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2019.1659380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation on inflammatory factors and tumor marker CEA in colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Methods: In this study, 81 patients with stage ӀӀ or ӀӀӀ colorectal cancer were randomly assigned into four groups: (1) control: receiving a vitamin D placebo, weekly + two omega-3 fatty acid placebo capsules, daily; (2) omega-3 fatty acid, receiving two omega-3 fatty acid capsules (each capsule containing 330 mg of omega-3 fatty acids), daily + a vitamin D placebo, weekly; (3) vitamin D, receiving a 50,000 IU vitamin D soft gel, weekly + two omega-3 fatty acid placebo capsules, daily; (4) co-supplementation, receiving a 50,000 IU vitamin D soft gel, weekly + two omega-3 fatty acids capsules, for 8 weeks. Before and after the intervention, serum levels of 25(OH)D, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, NF-kB activity, and tumor marker CEA, were measured.Results: After 8 weeks of intervention, patients who received combined vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids supplements compared with omega-3, vitamin D, and placebo had significantly decreased TNF-α, and IL-1β (P < .05). In addition, serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and tumor marker CEA were decreased significantly in omega-3, vitamin D, and co-supplementation of them, compared with baseline. NF-kB activity was decreased significantly in vitamin D and co-supplementation groups, compared with baseline. Regarding CEA, there was no significant difference between the four groups at the end of intervention (P > .05).Conclusion: Results show that co-supplementation of vitamin D and omega-3 fatty acids co-supplementation, in colorectal cancer patients have beneficial impacts on inflammation and tumor marker CEA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haidari
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Masood Iravani
- Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kambiz Ahmadi-Angali
- Faculty of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Iran
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18
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Haidari F, Abiri B, Iravani M, Ahmadi-Angali K, Vafa M. Randomized Study of the Effect of Vitamin D and Omega-3 Fatty Acids Cosupplementation as Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Inflammation and Nutritional Status in Colorectal Cancer Patients. J Diet Suppl 2019; 17:384-400. [DOI: 10.1080/19390211.2019.1600096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Haidari
- Department of Nutrition, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Abiri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Paramedicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Kambiz Ahmadi-Angali
- Faculty of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Vafa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Pediatric Growth and Development Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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19
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Selected Office Based Anticancer Treatment Strategies. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2019; 2019:7462513. [PMID: 30766601 PMCID: PMC6350558 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7462513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Over the years, the treatment of patients with cancer has varied widely as much because of recent advancements in science and medicine as the philosophies that belie their use. This paper briefly describes many of the prevailing approaches in use today with an attempt to offer some perspective of how to apply these disparate methodologies so that they may be more effectively integrated, resulting in consistently better clinical responses.
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Lee HJ, Han YM, An JM, Kang EA, Park YJ, Cha JY, Hahm KB. Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in preventing gastrointestinal cancers: current status and future perspectives. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2018; 18:1189-1203. [DOI: 10.1080/14737140.2018.1524299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho-Jae Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Young-Min Han
- Western Seoul Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Min An
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo, Korea
| | - Eun A. Kang
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo, Korea
| | | | - Ji-Young Cha
- Department of Biochemistry, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ki Baik Hahm
- CHA Cancer Preventive Research Center, CHA Bio Complex, Pangyo, Korea
- Digestive Disease Center, CHA University Bundang Medical Center, Seongnam, Korea
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21
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Novotná K, Fantová M, Nohejlová L, Borková M, Stádník L, Ducháček J. Effect of Chlorella Vulgaris and Japonochytrium sp. Microalgae Supplementation on Composition and Fatty Acid Profile of Goat Milk. ACTA UNIVERSITATIS AGRICULTURAE ET SILVICULTURAE MENDELIANAE BRUNENSIS 2017. [DOI: 10.11118/actaun201765051585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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22
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Alexandri E, Ahmed R, Siddiqui H, Choudhary MI, Tsiafoulis CG, Gerothanassis IP. High Resolution NMR Spectroscopy as a Structural and Analytical Tool for Unsaturated Lipids in Solution. Molecules 2017; 22:E1663. [PMID: 28981459 PMCID: PMC6151582 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22101663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mono- and polyunsaturated lipids are widely distributed in Nature, and are structurally and functionally a diverse class of molecules with a variety of physicochemical, biological, medicinal and nutritional properties. High resolution NMR spectroscopic techniques including 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR have been successfully employed as a structural and analytical tool for unsaturated lipids. The objective of this review article is to provide: (i) an overview of the critical 1H-, 13C- and 31P-NMR parameters for structural and analytical investigations; (ii) an overview of various 1D and 2D NMR techniques that have been used for resonance assignments; (iii) selected analytical and structural studies with emphasis in the identification of major and minor unsaturated fatty acids in complex lipid extracts without the need for the isolation of the individual components; (iv) selected investigations of oxidation products of lipids; (v) applications in the emerging field of lipidomics; (vi) studies of protein-lipid interactions at a molecular level; (vii) practical considerations and (viii) an overview of future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Alexandri
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Raheel Ahmed
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Hina Siddiqui
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad I Choudhary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 214412, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Ioannis P Gerothanassis
- Section of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannina, GR-45110 Ioannina, Greece.
- H.E.J. Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.
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Hopkins MM, Meier KE. Free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) agonists inhibit proliferation of human ovarian cancer cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2017; 122:24-29. [PMID: 28735625 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2017.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Many cellular actions of omega-3 fatty acids are mediated by two G protein-coupled receptors, FFA1 and FFA4, free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) family members that are activated by these dietary constituents. FFAR agonists inhibit proliferation of human prostate and breast cancer cells. Since omega-3 fatty acids can inhibit ovarian cancer cell growth, the current study tested the potential role of FFARs in the response. OVCAR3 and SKOV3 human ovarian cancer cell lines express mRNA for FFA1; FFA4 mRNA was detected at low levels in SKOV3 but not OVCAR3. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulated proliferation of both cell lines; these responses were inhibited by eicosopentaneoic acid (EPA) and by GW9508, a synthetic FFAR agonist. The LPA antagonist Ki16425 also inhibited LPA- and EGF-induced proliferation; FFAR agonists had no further effect when added with Ki16425. The results suggest that FFARs are potential targets for ovarian cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandi M Hopkins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - Kathryn E Meier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Washington State University, Spokane, WA, USA.
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Mocellin MC, Camargo CDQ, Fabre MEDS, Trindade EBSDM. Fish oil effects on quality of life, body weight and free fat mass change in gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: A triple blind, randomized clinical trial. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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Modulation of Ras/ERK and Phosphoinositide Signaling by Long-Chain n-3 PUFA in Breast Cancer and Their Potential Complementary Role in Combination with Targeted Drugs. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030185. [PMID: 28241486 PMCID: PMC5372848 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A potential complementary role of the dietary long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3 PUFA) in combination with innovative mono-targeted therapies has recently been proposed. These compounds are thought to act pleiotropically to prevent the development and progression of a variety of cancers, including breast cancer. We hereinafter critically analyze the reports investigating the ability of LCn-3 PUFA to modulate the Ras/ERK and the phosphoinositide survival signaling pathways often aberrantly activated in breast cancer and representing the main targets of innovative therapies. The in vitro or in vivo animal and human interventional studies published up to January 2017 investigating the effects of LCn-3 PUFA on these pathways in normal and cancerous breast cells or tissues were identified through a systematic search of literature in the PubMed database. We found that, in most cases, both the in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated the ability of LCn-3 PUFA to inhibit the activation of these pro-survival pathways. Altogether, the analyzed results strongly suggest a potential role of LCn-3 PUFA as complementary agents in combination with mono-targeted therapies. Moreover, the results indicate the need for further in vitro and human interventional studies designed to unequivocally prove the potential adjuvant role of these fatty acids.
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Miura K, Hughes MCB, Ungerer JP, Green AC. Plasma eicosapentaenoic acid is negatively associated with all-cause mortality among men and women in a population-based prospective study. Nutr Res 2016; 36:1202-1209. [PMID: 27865614 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory properties, whereas omega-6 PUFAs appear to have proinflammatory properties. We aimed to assess plasma omega-3 and omega-6 PUFA status in relation to all-cause mortality in an Australian community-based study. We hypothesized that omega-3 PUFA would be inversely associated, and omega-6 PUFA positively associated with all-cause mortality. Plasma phospholipid omega-3 (eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA], docosapentaenoic acid [DPA], docosahexaenoic acid, α-linolenic acid, and total) and omega-6 PUFAs (linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, and total) were measured among 1008 adults (44% men) in 1996. Plasma PUFA composition was quantified using gas chromatography. During 17-year follow-up, 98 men and 81 women died. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, plasma EPA was inversely associated with all-cause mortality overall (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] per 1-SD increase, 0.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.95), in men (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.62-0.98), and in women (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.65-0.94), separately. Inverse associations with mortality among men were also seen for DPA (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.60-0.97) and α-linolenic acid (HR, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.57-0.94). No omega-6 PUFAs were significantly associated with mortality. Our findings of reduced all-cause mortality in men and women who have high EPA in plasma, and in men with high plasma DPA and α-linolenic acid, partially support our hypothesis that omega-3 PUFAs help reduce mortality but provide no evidence that omega-6 PUFAs may increase mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Miura
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cancer and Population Studies Group, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia.
| | - Maria Celia B Hughes
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cancer and Population Studies Group, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia
| | | | - Adèle C Green
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Cancer and Population Studies Group, 300 Herston Rd, Herston, Brisbane, Queensland 4006, Australia; CRUK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Rd, Manchester, UK
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27
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Jho DH, Cole SM, Lee EM, Espat NJ. Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation in Inflammation and Malignancy. Integr Cancer Ther 2016; 3:98-111. [PMID: 15165497 DOI: 10.1177/1534735404264736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids (FAs), which include eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid, are found in fish oils and have long been investigated as components of therapy for various disease states. Population studies initially revealed the cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects of omega-3 FAs and EPA, with subsequent clinical studies supporting the therapeutic role of omega-3 FAs in cardiovascular and chronic inflammatory conditions. Prospective randomized placebo-controlled trials have also demonstrated the utility of omega-3 FA supplementation in malignancy and cancer cachexia. In recent years, in vitro and animal studies have elucidated some of the mechanistic explanations underlying the wide range of biological effects produced by omega-3 FAs and EPA, including their antiproliferative and anticachectic actions in malignancy. In this review, the authors discuss the recent progress made with omega-3 FAs, focusing on the advances in mechanistic understanding and the results of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Jho
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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28
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Dixon SW. Integrative Tumor Board: Colon Cancer with Liver Metastases. Integr Cancer Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1534735403002002016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Work Dixon
- Oncology Nutrition Specialist & Epidemiologist Cancer Nutrition Info, LLC 926 Argonne Avenue NE Atlanta, GA 30309 Tel: 404-876-3084 Fax: 404-872-3851
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Khatib SA, Rossi EL, Bowers LW, Hursting SD. Reducing the burden of obesity-associated cancers with anti-inflammatory long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2016; 125:100-7. [PMID: 27448716 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Today's world population has an unprecedented risk of dying from the consequences of being overweight and obese. Chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and cancer are often accelerated because of excessive adiposity. Various biological mechanisms are implicated in the obesity-cancer link, particularly local and systemic inflammation as well as altered growth factor signaling pathways. In order to combat obesity-induced inflammation and the resulting increases in cancer risk and progression, the identification of safe and effective mechanism-based interventions is imperative. Notably, long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) modulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, prostaglandins and other inflammatory mediators, restore insulin sensitivity, and can prevent or delay tumorigenesis. Delineating the precise mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs suppress obesity-induced inflammation will help identify promising key mechanistic targets and intervention strategies to break the obesity-cancer link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subreen A Khatib
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Emily L Rossi
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Laura W Bowers
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States.
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Abstract
Considerable debate exists regarding the potential antineoplastic effect of dietary long-chain n-3 PUFA contained in fatty fishes. Since the majority of published data has proven that their intake does not induce toxic or carcinogenic effects in humans, their possible preventive use against cancer has been suggested. On the other hand, it is unlikely that they could be effective in cancer patients as a single therapy. Nevertheless, a considerable effort has been put forth in recent years to evaluate the hypothesis that n-3 PUFA might improve the antineoplastic efficiency of currently used anticancer agents. The rationale for this therapeutic combinatory strategy is trying to increase cancer sensitivity to conventional therapies. This could allow the use of lower drug/radiation doses and, thereby, a reduction in the detrimental health effects associated with these treatments. We will here critically examine the studies that have investigated this possibility, by focusing particularly on the biological and molecular mechanisms underlying the antineoplastic effect of these combined treatments. A possible use of n-3 PUFA in combination with the innovative single-targeted anti-cancer therapies, that often are not completely devoid of dangerous side-effects, is also suggested.
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Shahidi F, Ambigaipalan P. Beverages Fortified with Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Dietary Fiber, Minerals, and Vitamins. HANDBOOK OF FUNCTIONAL BEVERAGES AND HUMAN HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1201/b19490-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Omega-3 Fatty Acid Protects Against Arsenic Trioxide-Induced Cardiotoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 17:109-119. [DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9361-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Eicosopentaneoic Acid and Other Free Fatty Acid Receptor Agonists Inhibit Lysophosphatidic Acid- and Epidermal Growth Factor-Induced Proliferation of Human Breast Cancer Cells. J Clin Med 2016; 5:jcm5020016. [PMID: 26821052 PMCID: PMC4773772 DOI: 10.3390/jcm5020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Many key actions of ω-3 (n-3) fatty acids have recently been shown to be mediated by two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the free fatty acid receptor (FFAR) family, FFA1 (GPR40) and FFA4 (GPR120). n-3 Fatty acids inhibit proliferation of human breast cancer cells in culture and in animals. In the current study, the roles of FFA1 and FFA4 were investigated. In addition, the role of cross-talk between GPCRs activated by lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and the tyrosine kinase receptor activated by epidermal growth factor (EGF), was examined. In MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell lines, both LPA and EGF stimulated proliferation, Erk activation, Akt activation, and CCN1 induction. LPA antagonists blocked effects of LPA and EGF on proliferation in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, and on cell migration in MCF-7. The n-3 fatty acid eicosopentaneoic acid inhibited LPA- and EGF-induced proliferation in both cell lines. Two synthetic FFAR agonists, GW9508 and TUG-891, likewise inhibited LPA- and EGF-induced proliferation. The data suggest a major role for FFA1, which was expressed by both cell lines. The results indicate that n-3 fatty acids inhibit breast cancer cell proliferation via FFARs, and suggest a mechanism involving negative cross-talk between FFARS, LPA receptors, and EGF receptor.
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Synthesis of Bioconjugate Sesterterpenoids with Phospholipids and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Molecules 2015; 21:E47. [PMID: 26729084 PMCID: PMC6273371 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of sesterterpenoid bioconjugates with phospholipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been synthesized for biological activity testing as antiproliferative agents in several cancer cell lines. Different substitution analogues of the original lipidic ether edelfosine (1-O-octadecyl-2-O-methyl-rac-glycero-3-phosphocholine) are obtained varying the sesterterpenoid in position 1 or 2 of the glycerol or a phosphocholine or PUFA unit in position 3. Simple bioconjugates of sesterterpenoids and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) have been obtained too. All synthetic derivatives were tested against the human tumour cell lines HeLa (cervix) and MCF-7 (breast). Some compounds showed good IC50 (0.3 and 0.2 μM) values against these cell lines.
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Hao GW, Chen YS, He DM, Wang HY, Wu GH, Zhang B. Growth of human colon cancer cells in nude mice is delayed by ketogenic diet with or without omega-3 fatty acids and medium-chain triglycerides. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:2061-8. [PMID: 25773851 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.5.2061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumors are largely unable to metabolize ketone bodies for energy due to various deficiencies in one or both of the key mitochondrial enzymes, which may provide a rationale for therapeutic strategies that inhibit tumor growth by administration of a ketogenic diet with average protein but low in carbohydrates and high in fat. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male BALB/C nude mice were injected subcutaneously with tumor cells of the colon cancer cell line HCT116. The animals were then randomly split into three feeding groups and fed either a ketogenic diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and MCT (MKD group; n=12) or lard only (LKD group; n=12) or a standard diet (SD group; n=12) ad libitum. Experiments were ended upon attainment of the target tumor volume of 600 mm3 to 700 mm3. The three diets were compared for tumor growth and survival time (interval between tumor cell injection and attainment of target tumor volume). RESULTS The tumor growth in the MKD and LKD groups was significantly delayed compared to that in the SD group. CONCLUSIONS Application of an unrestricted ketogenic diet delayed tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Further studies are needed to address the mechanism of this diet intervention and the impact on other tumor-relevant parameters such as invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Wei Hao
- Department General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China E-mail :
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Rovito D, Giordano C, Plastina P, Barone I, De Amicis F, Mauro L, Rizza P, Lanzino M, Catalano S, Bonofiglio D, Andò S. Omega-3 DHA- and EPA-dopamine conjugates induce PPARγ-dependent breast cancer cell death through autophagy and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2185-95. [PMID: 26272430 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) may form conjugates with amines that have potential health benefits against common diseases including cancers. Here we synthesized DHA-dopamine (DHADA) and EPA-dopamine (EPADA) conjugates and studied their biological effects on different breast cancer cell lines. METHODS AND RESULTS MTT assays indicated that increasing concentrations of DHADA and EPADA significantly affected viability in MCF-7, SKBR3 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, whereas no effect was observed in MCF-10A non-tumorigenic epithelial breast cells. DHADA and EPADA enhanced Beclin-1 expression, as evidenced by immunoblotting, real-time-PCR and functional analyses. Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and Re-ChIP assays revealed that both compounds induced recruitment of Peroxisome-Proliferator-Activated-Receptor gamma (PPARγ) and RNA Polymerase-II at the Retinoic-X-Receptor binding region on Beclin-1 promoter. Moreover, both compounds enhanced autophagosome formation, evaluated by LC-3 and monodansylcadaverine labeling, that was prevented by the PPARγ antagonist GW9662, addressing the direct involvement of PPARγ. Noteworthy, long-term treatment with DHADA and EPADA caused the blockade of autophagic flux followed by apoptotic cell death as evidenced by PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation in all breast cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS We have provided new insights into the molecular mechanism through which PPARγ, as a central molecule in the cross talk between autophagy and apoptosis, mediates DHADA- and EPADA-induced cell death in breast cancer cells. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that omega-3 DHADA- and EPADA activation of PPARγ may assume biological relevance in setting novel adjuvant therapeutic interventions in breast carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Rovito
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Cinzia Giordano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Pierluigi Plastina
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Ines Barone
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Loredana Mauro
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Pietro Rizza
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Marilena Lanzino
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Stefania Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Daniela Bonofiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Andò
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy; Centro Sanitario, University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende (CS), Italy.
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Xue H, Ren W, Denkinger M, Schlotzer E, Wischmeyer PE. Nutrition Modulation of Cardiotoxicity and Anticancer Efficacy Related to Doxorubicin Chemotherapy by Glutamine and ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2015; 40:52-66. [PMID: 25888676 DOI: 10.1177/0148607115581838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX) has been one of the most effective antitumor agents against a broad spectrum of malignancies. However, DOX-induced cardiotoxicity forms the major cumulative dose-limiting factor. Glutamine and ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are putatively cardioprotective during various stresses and/or have potential chemosensitizing effects during cancer chemotherapy. METHODS Antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity of DOX treatment were evaluated simultaneously in a MatBIII mammary adenocarcinoma tumor-bearing rat model treated with DOX (cumulative dose 12 mg/kg). Single or combined treatment of parenteral glutamine (0.35 g/kg) and ω-3 PUFAs (0.19 g/kg eicosapentaenoic acid and 0.18 g/kg docosahexaenoic acid) was administered every other day, starting 6 days before chemotherapy initiation until the end of study (day 50). RESULTS Glutamine alone significantly prevented DOX-related deterioration of cardiac function, reduced serum cardiac troponin I levels, and diminished cardiac lipid peroxidation while not affecting tumor inhibition kinetics. Single ω-3 PUFA treatment significantly enhanced antitumor activity of DOX associated with intensified tumoral oxidative stress and enhanced tumoral DOX concentration while not potentiating cardiac dysfunction or increasing cardiac oxidative stress. Intriguingly, providing glutamine and ω-3 PUFAs together did not consistently confer a greater benefit; conversely, individual benefits on cardiotoxicity and chemosensitization were mostly attenuated or completely lost when combined. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate an interesting differentiality or even dichotomy in the response of tumor and host to single parenteral glutamine and ω-3 PUFA treatments. The intriguing glutamine × ω-3 PUFA interaction observed draws into question the common assumption that there are additive benefits of combinations of nutrients that are beneficial on an individual basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Xue
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Paul E Wischmeyer
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Witte TR, Hardman WE. The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty Acid consumption on mammary carcinogenesis. Lipids 2015; 50:437-46. [PMID: 25860692 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-015-4011-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) is associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer. Studies in animals and in vitro have demonstrated mechanisms that could explain this apparent effect, but clinical and epidemiological studies have returned conflicting results on the practical benefits of dietary n-3 PUFA for prevention of breast cancer. Effects are often only significant within a population when comparing the highest n-3 PUFA consumption group to the lowest n-3 group or highest n-6 group. The beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic on the risk of breast cancer are dose dependent and are negatively affected by total n-6 consumption. The majority of the world population, including the most highly developed regions, consumes insufficient n-3 PUFA to significantly reduce breast cancer risk. This review discusses the physiological and dietary context in which reduction of breast cancer risk may occur, some proposed mechanisms of action and meaningful recommendations for consumption of n-3 PUFA in the diet of developed regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore R Witte
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, 1600 Medical Center Drive, Huntington, WV, 25701, USA
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Sudan S, Rupasinghe HV. Antiproliferative activity of long chain acylated esters of quercetin-3-O-glucoside in hepatocellular carcinoma HepG2 cells. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2015; 240:1452-64. [PMID: 25681471 DOI: 10.1177/1535370215570828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 12/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their strong role in human health, poor bioavailability of flavonoids limits their biological effects in vivo. Enzymatically catalyzed acylation of fatty acids to flavonoids is one of the approaches of increasing cellular permeability and hence, biological activities. In this study, six long chain fatty acid esters of quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Q3G) acylated enzymatically and were used for determining their antiproliferative action in hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2) in comparison to precursor compounds and two chemotherapy drugs (Sorafenib and Cisplatin). Fatty acid esters of Q3G showed significant inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation by 85 to 90% after 6 h and 24 h of treatment, respectively. The cell death due to these novel compounds was associated with cell-cycle arrest in S-phase and apoptosis observed by DNA fragmentation, fluorescent microscopy and elevated caspase-3 activity and strong DNA topoisomerase II inhibition. Interestingly, Q3G esters showed significantly low toxicity to normal liver cells than Sorafenib (P < 0.05), a chemotherapy drug for hepatocellular carcinoma. Among all, oleic acid ester of Q3G displayed the greatest antiproliferation action and a high potential as an anti-cancer therapeutic. Overall, the results of the study suggest strong antiproliferative action of these novel food-derived compounds in treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Sudan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Hp Vasantha Rupasinghe
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4RN, Canada
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Runau F, Arshad A, Isherwood J, Norris L, Howells L, Metcalfe M, Dennison A. Potential for proteomic approaches in determining efficacy biomarkers following administration of fish oils rich in omega-3 fatty acids: application in pancreatic cancers. Nutr Clin Pract 2015; 30:363-70. [PMID: 25616520 DOI: 10.1177/0884533614567337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is a disease with a significantly poor prognosis. Despite modern advances in other medical, surgical, and oncologic therapy, the outcome from pancreatic cancer has improved little over the last 40 years. To improve the management of this difficult disease, trials investigating the use of dietary and parenteral fish oils rich in omega-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, exhibiting proven anti-inflammatory and anticarcinogenic properties, have revealed favorable results in pancreatic cancers. Proteomics is the large-scale study of proteins that attempts to characterize the complete set of proteins encoded by the genome of an organism and that, with the use of sensitive mass spectrometric-based techniques, has allowed high-throughput analysis of the proteome to aid identification of putative biomarkers pertinent to given disease states. These biomarkers provide useful insight into potentially discovering new markers for early detection or elucidating the efficacy of treatment on pancreatic cancers. Here, our review identifies potential proteomic-based biomarkers in pancreatic cancer relating to apoptosis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, and metabolic regulation in clinical studies. We also reviewed proteomic biomarkers from the administration of ω-3 fatty acids that act on similar anticarcinogenic pathways as above and reflect that proteomic studies on the effect of ω-3 fatty acids in pancreatic cancer will yield favorable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franscois Runau
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ali Arshad
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - John Isherwood
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Leonie Norris
- Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Lynne Howells
- Cancer Studies and Molecular Medicine, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Matthew Metcalfe
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Ashley Dennison
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Leicester General Hospital, Leicester, UK
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Murray M, Hraiki A, Bebawy M, Pazderka C, Rawling T. Anti-tumor activities of lipids and lipid analogues and their development as potential anticancer drugs. Pharmacol Ther 2015; 150:109-28. [PMID: 25603423 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Lipids have the potential for development as anticancer agents. Endogenous membrane lipids, such as ceramides and certain saturated fatty acids, have been found to modulate the viability of tumor cells. In addition, many tumors over-express cyclooxygenase, lipoxygenase or cytochrome P450 enzymes that mediate the biotransformation of ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to potent eicosanoid regulators of tumor cell proliferation and cell death. In contrast, several analogous products from the biotransformation of ω-3 PUFAs impair particular tumorigenic pathways. For example, the ω-3 17,18-epoxide of eicosapentaenoic acid activates anti-proliferative and proapoptotic signaling cascades in tumor cells and the lipoxygenase-derived resolvins are effective inhibitors of inflammatory pathways that may drive tumor expansion. However, the development of potential anti-cancer drugs based on these molecules is complex, with in vivo stability a major issue. Nevertheless, recent successes with the antitumor alkyl phospholipids, which are synthetic analogues of naturally-occurring membrane phospholipid esters, have provided the impetus for development of further molecules. The alkyl phospholipids have been tested against a range of cancers and show considerable activity against skin cancers and certain leukemias. Very recently, it has been shown that combination strategies, in which alkyl phospholipids are used in conjunction with established anticancer agents, are promising new therapeutic approaches. In future, the evaluation of new lipid-based molecules in single-agent and combination treatments may also be assessed. This could provide a range of important treatment options in the management of advanced and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Murray
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Adam Hraiki
- Pharmacogenomics and Drug Development Group, Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Mary Bebawy
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Curtis Pazderka
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Tristan Rawling
- Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Hsu HC, Chen CY, Chen MF. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids decrease levels of doxorubicin-induced reactive oxygen species in cardiomyocytes -- involvement of uncoupling protein UCP2. J Biomed Sci 2014; 21:101. [PMID: 25407516 PMCID: PMC4237738 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-014-0101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin (DOX) is associated with serious cardiotoxicity, as it increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid dietary supplements can be of benefit to patients undergoing cancer therapy. The aims of this study were to determine whether DOX-induced cardiotoxicity is related to mitochondrial uncoupling proteins and whether eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) affects DOX-induced cardiomyocyte toxicity. RESULTS Treatment of H9C2 cells with DOX resulted in decreased cell viability and UCP2 expression. Treatment with 100 μM EPA or 50 μM DHA for 24 h resulted in a maximal mitochondria concentration of these fatty acids and increased UCP2 expression. Pretreatment with 100 μM EPA or 50 μM DHA prevented the DOX-induced decrease in UCP2 mRNA and protein levels, but these effects were not seen with EPA or DHA and DOX cotreatment. In addition, the DOX-induced increase in ROS production and subsequent mitochondrial membrane potential change (∆ψ) were significantly attenuated by pretreatment with EPA or DHA. CONCLUSION EPA or DHA pre-treatment inhibits the DOX-induced decrease in UCP2 expression, increase in ROS production, and subsequent mitochondrial membrane potential change that contribute to the cardiotoxicity of DOX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ching Hsu
- />Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan S Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Chen
- />Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, No. 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 10672 Taiwan
- />Present address: 50, Lane 155, Sec 3, Keelung Rd, Taipei, 106 Taiwan
| | - Ming-Fong Chen
- />Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, 7 Chung-Shan S Rd, Taipei, Taiwan
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Patterson WL, Georgel PT. Breaking the cycle: the role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in inflammation-driven cancers. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:321-8. [PMID: 25098909 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2013-0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a cyclical, self-stimulating process. Immune cells called to sites of inflammation release pro-inflammatory signaling molecules that stimulate activation of inducible enzymes and transcription factors. These enzymes and transcription factors then stimulate production of signaling molecules that attract more immune cells and induce more enzymatic and transcriptional activity, creating a perpetual loop of inflammation. This self-renewing pool of inflammatory stimuli makes for an ideal tumor microenvironment, and chronic inflammation has been linked to oncogenesis, tumor growth, tumor cell survival, and metastasis. Three protein pathways in particular, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), cyclooxygenase (COX), and lipoxygenase (LOX), provide excellent examples of the cyclical, self-renewing nature of chronic inflammation-driven cancers. NF-kB is an inducible transcription factor responsible for the expression of a vast number of inflammation and cancer related genes. COX and LOX convert omega-6 (n-6) and omga-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) into pro- and anti-inflammatory signaling molecules. These signaling molecules stimulate or repress activity of all three of these pathways. In this review, we will discuss the pro- and anti-inflammatory functions of these fatty acids and their role in chronic inflammation and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- William L Patterson
- a Byrd Biotechnology Science Center, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, 1700 3rd Avenue. Huntington, WV 25755, USA
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Inhibitory role of polyunsaturated fatty acids on lysophosphatidic acid-induced cancer cell migration and adhesion. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:2971-7. [PMID: 24911199 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have important pharmacological effects on mammalian cells. Here, we show that carboxyl group-containing PUFAs inhibit lysophosphatidic acid (LPA)-induced focal adhesion formation, thereby inhibiting migration and adhesion. Carboxyl group-containing PUFAs inhibit LPA-induced calcium mobilization, whereas ethyl ester-group containing PUFAs have no effect. In addition, carboxyl group-containing PUFAs functionally inhibit LPA-dependent RhoA activation. Given these results, we suggest that PUFAs may inhibit LPA-induced calcium/RhoA signaling pathways leading to focal adhesion formation. Carboxyl group-containing PUFAs may have a functional role in this regulatory mechanism.
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Wongjaikam S, Summart R, Chewonarin T. Apoptosis Induction in Colon Cancer Cell Lines and Alteration of Aberrant Crypt Foci in Rat Colon by Purple Rice (Oryza sativaL. var. glutinosa) Extracts. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:690-9. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2014.899371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Hardman WE. Walnuts have potential for cancer prevention and treatment in mice. J Nutr 2014; 144:555S-560S. [PMID: 24500939 PMCID: PMC3952627 DOI: 10.3945/jn.113.188466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer may not be completely the result of novel or inherited genetic mutations but may in fact be a largely preventable disease. Researchers have identified biochemicals, including n-3 (ω-3) fatty acids, tocopherols, β-sitosterol, and pedunculagin, that are found in walnuts and that have cancer-prevention properties. Mouse studies in which walnuts were added to the diet have shown the following compared with the control diet: (1) the walnut-containing diet inhibited the growth rate of human breast cancers implanted in nude mice by ∼80%; (2) the walnut-containing diet reduced the number of mammary gland tumors by ∼60% in a transgenic mouse model; (3) the reduction in mammary gland tumors was greater with whole walnuts than with a diet containing the same amount of n-3 fatty acids, supporting the idea that multiple components in walnuts additively or synergistically contribute to cancer suppression; and (4) walnuts slowed the growth of prostate, colon, and renal cancers by antiproliferative and antiangiogenic mechanisms. Cell studies have aided in the identification of the active components in walnuts and of their mechanisms of action. This review summarizes these studies and presents the notion that walnuts may be included as a cancer-preventive choice in a healthy diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Elaine Hardman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV
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Gama RR, Giovanini A, de Rosa FS, Ogata DC, de Oliveira ALV, Cardoso Costa AF, Talini C, Feniman D, Kamei D, Júnior CF, Coco A, Carvalho AL. Chemopreventive effects of the polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 on the carcinogenesis process of the upper aerodigestive tract induced by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide in Swiss mice. Ecancermedicalscience 2014; 8:392. [PMID: 24605132 PMCID: PMC3907402 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2014.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the potential chemopreventive effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega-3 in Swiss mice submitted to oral and oesophageal carcinogenesis induction by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO). Study design: The animals underwent carcinogenesis induction with 50 µg/mL 4-NQO for eight weeks. The animals were divided into groups: Group I—4-NQO induction without chemoprevention, Group II—chemoprevention with the addition of 5% fish oil (FO) in their diet after 4-NQO carcinogenesis induction, and Group III—chemoprevention with 5% FO in their diet during and after 4-NQO carcinogenesis induction. Results: The incidence of invasive oral carcinoma was: Group I (72.9%), Group II (84.2%), and Group III (64.7%); p = 0.34. The difference in the incidence of invasive oesophageal carcinoma was statistically significant: Group I (37.8%), Group II (68.4%), and Group III (29.4%); p = 0.02. Conclusions: 4-NQO induction led to cancer in the majority of animals. Chemoprevention with FO brought no benefit in preventing the carcinogenesis process initiated by 4-NQO for oral cancer. The suggestive pro-tumour action of FO when given after tumour post-initiation seems to demonstrate that this fatty acid can potentialise the action of 4-NQO in the oesophagus carcinogenesis of the Swiss mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Ribeiro Gama
- Postgraduate Programme in Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil and Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Alameda Augusto Stelfeld, 2134 Curitiba, PR 80730-150, Brazil
| | - Allan Giovanini
- Oral Pathology Laboratory, Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Curitiba, PR 81200-100, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Scarmato de Rosa
- Pharmacy and Biochemistry Laboratory, Centro Universitário da Fundação Educacional de Barretos, Barretos, SP 14784-400, Brazil
| | - Daniel Cury Ogata
- Research Laboratory, Pathology, Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, SC 88302-901, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Vettore de Oliveira
- Molecular Biology of Cancer Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP 04021-001, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Cardoso Costa
- Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Carolina Talini
- Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Denise Feniman
- Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Douglas Kamei
- Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Celso Felipe Júnior
- Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80730-000, Brazil
| | - Allan Coco
- Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Curitiba, PR 80730-000, Brazil
| | - André Lopes Carvalho
- Postgraduate Programme in Oncology, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil and Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Laboratory, Faculdade Evangélica do Paraná, Alameda Augusto Stelfeld, 2134 Curitiba, PR 80730-150, Brazil ; Head and Neck Oncology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP 14784-400, Brazil
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Taguchi A, Kawana K, Tomio K, Yamashita A, Isobe Y, Nagasaka K, Koga K, Inoue T, Nishida H, Kojima S, Adachi K, Matsumoto Y, Arimoto T, Wada-Hiraike O, Oda K, Kang JX, Arai H, Arita M, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 in cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is suppressed by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in vitro and in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e89605. [PMID: 24586907 PMCID: PMC3937340 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0089605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs) are responsible for tumor growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 secreted from cancer stroma populated by CAFs is a prerequisite for cancer angiogenesis and metastasis. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3 PUFA) have been reported to have anti-tumor effects on diverse types of malignancies. Fat-1 mice, which can convert omega-6 to omega-3 PUFA independent of diet, are useful to investigate the functions of endogenous omega-3 PUFA. To examine the effect of omega-3 PUFA on tumorigenesis, TC-1 cells, a murine epithelial cell line immortalized by human papillomavirus (HPV) oncogenes, were injected subcutaneously into fat-1 or wild type mice. Tumor growth and angiogenesis of the TC-1 tumor were significantly suppressed in fat-1 compared to wild type mice. cDNA microarray of the tumors derived from fat-1 and wild type mice revealed that MMP-9 is downregulated in fat-1 mice. Immunohistochemical study demonstrated immunoreactivity for MMP-9 in the tumor stromal fibroblasts was diffusely positive in wild type whereas focal in fat-1 mice. MMP-9 was expressed in primary cultured fibroblasts isolated from fat-1 and wild type mice but was not expressed in TC-1 cells. Co-culture of fibroblasts with TC-1 cells enhanced the expression and the proteinase activity of MMP-9, although the protease activity of MMP-9 in fat-1-derived fibroblasts was lower than that in wild type fibroblasts. Our data suggests that omega-3 PUFAs suppress MMP-9 induction and tumor angiogenesis. These findings may provide insight into mechanisms by which omega-3 PUFAs exert anti-tumor effects by modulating tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kei Kawana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (K. Kawana); (MA)
| | - Kensuke Tomio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aki Yamashita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yosuke Isobe
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kaori Koga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Inoue
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Nishida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoko Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Adachi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahide Arimoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jing X. Kang
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Department of Health Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (K. Kawana); (MA)
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Zheng MM, Wang L, Huang FH, Guo PM, Wei F, Deng QC, Zheng C, Wan CY. Ultrasound irradiation promoted lipase-catalyzed synthesis of flavonoid esters with unsaturated fatty acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Eilati E, Hales K, Zhuge Y, Fricano KA, Yu R, van Breemen RB, Hales DB. Flaxseed enriched diet-mediated reduction in ovarian cancer severity is correlated to the reduction of prostaglandin E(2) in laying hen ovaries. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 89:179-87. [PMID: 23978451 PMCID: PMC3811136 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2013.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Revised: 07/31/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Prevention of ovarian cancer is the best approach for reducing the impact of this deadly disease. The laying hen is a robust model of spontaneous ovarian cancer that recapitulates the human disease. Dietary intervention with flaxseed, the richest vegetable source of omega-3 fatty acids (OM-3FAs) and phytoestrogen lignans, demonstrate the potential for effective prevention and amelioration of ovarian cancer by targeting inflammatory prostaglandin pathways. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is the most pro-inflammatory ecoisanoid and one of the downstream products of two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes: COX-1 and COX-2. Our objective was to investigate the effect of flaxseed supplementation for one year on ovarian cancer and correlate its effects to expression of COX enzymes and concentrations of prostaglandins. White Leghorn hens were fed 10% flaxseed-enriched or standard diet for one year. The severity of ovarian cancer was determined by gross pathology and histology. COX-1 and COX-2 localization and protein and mRNA expression and PGE2 and PGE3 concentrations in ovaries were measured by IHC, western blot, quantitative real-time PCR and LC-MS-MS, respectively. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in late stage ovarian tumors in the flaxseed-fed hens compared with the control diet-fed hens. In correlation with decreased ovarian cancer severity, concentrations of PGE2 and expression of COX-2 were diminished in ovaries of flaxseed-fed hens. PGE3 concentrations were below the level of detection. The results demonstrated that in normal ovaries, COX-1 was localized to the granulosa cell layer surrounding the follicles and ovarian surface epithelium (OSE) whereas COX-2 protein was localized to the granulosa cell layer in the follicle. Extensive COX-1 and COX-2 protein expression was found throughout the ovarian carcinoma. Our findings suggest that the flaxseed-mediated reduction in the severity of ovarian cancer in hens is correlated to the reduction in PGE2 in the ovaries of flaxseed-fed hens. These findings may provide the basis for clinical trials of dietary intervention targeting prostaglandin biosynthesis for the prevention and treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Eilati
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Karen Hales
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
| | - Yan Zhuge
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Rui Yu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Richard B. van Breemen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dale Buchanan Hales
- Department of Physiology, Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1618 453 1544; fax: +1618 453 1517.
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