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Nakano A, Ueno HM, Kawata D, Tatara Y, Tamada Y, Mikami T, Murashita K, Nakaji S, Itoh K. Dairy consumption, bone turnover biomarkers, and osteo sono assessment index in Japanese adults: A cross-sectional analysis of data from the Iwaki Health Promotion Project. Bone Rep 2024; 21:101770. [PMID: 38736771 PMCID: PMC11087920 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2024.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dairy foods are nutritional sources of calcium, phosphorus, protein, and other nutrients that improve bone health. However, the effects of dairy consumption on bone biomarkers in the Japanese population remain unclear. This study explored the association between dairy consumption and bone biomarkers in Japanese adults. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted as part of the Iwaki Health Promotion Project in Aomori, Japan. In total, 1063 adults were included in the analysis. Bone turnover marker levels were measured in local citizens during their annual medical checkups. The calcaneus osteo sono assessment index (OSI) was calculated using a quantitative ultrasound technique. The dietary intake of foods and nutrients was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. Linear regression models were established using dairy consumption and bone biomarkers with adjustments. Statistic significance was considered by P < 0.05. Results In multivariate models, the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b and parathyroid hormone concentrations were inversely associated with dietary dairy consumption after adjusting for age and sex. The undercarboxylated osteocalcin, a procollagen type I N-terminal peptide to bone alkaline phosphatase ratio, and OSI were the directly associated with dairy consumption in multivariate models with adjustment. Conclusions Dairy consumption is partially associated with bone turnover biomarkers and OSI in adult Japanese participants. Habitual consumption of dairy foods may contribute to the nutritional supplementation for maintaining bone health, including turnover and structure. Clinical trial registry number and website where it was obtained The Japanese Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN000040459), https://center6.umin.ac.jp/cgi-open-bin/ctr/ctr_view.cgi?recptno=R000046175.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayatake Nakano
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
- Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi M. Ueno
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
- Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kawata
- Milk Science Research Institute, Megmilk Snow Brand Co., Ltd., Kawagoe, Japan
- Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yota Tatara
- Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tamada
- Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Research Center for Health-Medical Data Science, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mikami
- Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Innovation Center for Health Promotion, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Koichi Murashita
- Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Research Institute of Health Innovation, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Shigeyuki Nakaji
- Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Ken Itoh
- Department of Precision Nutrition for Dairy Foods, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
- Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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Tamura M, Watanabe J, Noguchi T, Nishikawa T. High poly-γ-glutamic acid-containing natto improves lipid metabolism and alters intestinal microbiota in mice fed a high-fat diet. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2024; 74:47-56. [PMID: 38292115 PMCID: PMC10822762 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.23-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Several beneficial effects of poly-γ-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) have been reported. To test whether natto, a fermented soy food rich in γ-PGA, can improve intestinal microbiota content and lipid metabolism in a high-fat diet, we compared the intestinal microbiota content, plasma, liver, and fecal contents, and changes in gene expression in the livers and large intestines of a group of mice fed a high-fat diet supplemented with cooked soybeans (SC group) and a group fed a high-fat diet supplemented with natto (NA group) for 42 days; high-fat diet-fed mice were used as a control (Con group). Hepatic lipid levels were significantly lower, the fecal bile acid and lipid levels were significantly greater, and the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio was significantly higher in the SC and NA groups as compared to Con group. Additionally, plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, the expression of liver fatty acid synthase, and the relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae was significantly higher in the NA group than in the Con group. Although both natto and cooked soybeans impacted the metabolic response to a high-fat diet, the addition of natto had a greater effect on glucose and lipid metabolism. γ-PGA may play an important role in natto functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Tamura
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan
| | - Jun Watanabe
- Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan
| | - Tomotsugu Noguchi
- Industrial Technology Innovation Center of Ibaraki Prefecture, 3781-1 Nagaoka, Ibaraki-machi, Ibaraki 311-3195, Japan
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Jethwa JT. Alternative Medical Therapy. Indian J Orthop 2023; 57:245-259. [PMID: 38107794 PMCID: PMC10721595 DOI: 10.1007/s43465-023-01035-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Background Complementary/alternative medicine" (CAM) is defined as a diverse range of medical treatments, largely non-allopathic, mostly traditional, and not integrated into the authoritarian healthcare system. Interestingly for some schools, allopathy is alternative/complementary therapy. Osteoporosis is an ever-known disease treated before the era of allopathic medicine. Even though the customary medical system of India is among the most well-known in the world, every continent has its own alternative therapies for various chronic diseases. Purpose This review of the scientific information is to help the readers understand how crucial the conceptual underpinnings of alternative medical therapy systems are to the advancement of conventional allopathic practices. Method Many older and recent articles about alternative medical therapy in the management of osteoporosis published in scientific journals are reviewed. Relevant information from cross-references on methods of evaluating the efficacy of different modalities and their scientific pathways is included. An effort has been made to summarise the treatment of osteoporosis by these systems. Opinions, impressions, and inferences are added while describing various aspects of these modalities. Result The National Library of Medicine has played an active role in publishing studies of the management of osteoporosis by alternative therapies. Many issues of management of osteoporosis still lack reliable treatment. However, good information is now available about choosing alternate medical therapy that has been studied scientifically and has shown promising results. Conclusion Medicinal plants and certain natural treatments can treat osteoporosis and its problems. The use of alternate medical therapy has been proven recently by clinical practice and conventional wisdom. This sharing may help the medical practitioner to understand and judiciously allow complementary therapy while treating osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawahar Tulsidas Jethwa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Narendra Modi Medical College, Nr. Rambaug, Opp. Fire Station, Maninagar, Ahmedabad, 380 008 India
- Ahmedabad, Gujarat India
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Evenepoel P, Stenvinkel P, Shanahan C, Pacifici R. Inflammation and gut dysbiosis as drivers of CKD-MBD. Nat Rev Nephrol 2023; 19:646-657. [PMID: 37488276 DOI: 10.1038/s41581-023-00736-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Two decades ago, Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes coined the term chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) to describe the syndrome of biochemical, bone and extra-skeletal calcification abnormalities that occur in patients with CKD. CKD-MBD is a prevalent complication and contributes to the excessively high burden of fractures and cardiovascular disease, loss of quality of life and premature mortality in patients with CKD. Thus far, therapy has focused primarily on phosphate retention, abnormal vitamin D metabolism and parathyroid hormone disturbances, but these strategies have largely proved unsuccessful, thus calling for paradigm-shifting concepts and innovative therapeutic approaches. Interorgan crosstalk is increasingly acknowledged to have an important role in health and disease. Accordingly, mounting evidence suggests a role for both the immune system and the gut microbiome in bone and vascular biology. Gut dysbiosis, compromised gut epithelial barrier and immune cell dysfunction are prominent features of the uraemic milieu. These alterations might contribute to the inflammatory state observed in CKD and could have a central role in the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD. The emerging fields of osteoimmunology and osteomicrobiology add another level of complexity to the pathogenesis of CKD-MBD, but also create novel therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Evenepoel
- Laboratory of Nephrology, Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Transplantation, KU Leuven, Herestraat, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Peter Stenvinkel
- Department of Renal Medicine M99, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Catherine Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Roberto Pacifici
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Lipids, Department of Medicine, Emory Microbiome Research Center, and Immunology and Molecular Pathogenesis Program, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Yang HJ, Zhang T, Yue Y, Jeong SJ, Ryu MS, Wu X, Li C, Jeong DY, Park S. Protective Effect of Long-Term Fermented Soybeans with Abundant Bacillus subtilis on Glucose and Bone Metabolism and Memory Function in Ovariectomized Rats: Modulation of the Gut Microbiota. Foods 2023; 12:2958. [PMID: 37569228 PMCID: PMC10418888 DOI: 10.3390/foods12152958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effects of different types of long-term fermented soybeans (traditionally made doenjang; TMD) on glucose and bone metabolism and memory function in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. The rats were categorized into six groups: Control, cooked unfermented soybeans (CSB), and four TMDs based on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) and biogenic amine contents analyzed previously: high B. subtilis (HS) and high biogenic amines (HA; HSHA), low B. subtilis (LS) and HA (LSHA), HS and low biogenic amines (LA; HSLA), and LS and LA (LSLA). The rats in the CSB and TMD groups fed orally had a 4% high-fat diet for 12 weeks. Rats in the Control (OVX rats) and Normal-control (Sham-operated rats) groups did not consume CSB or TMD, although macronutrient contents were the same in all groups. Uterine weight and serum 17β-estradiol concentrations were much lower in the Control than the Normal-control group, but CSB and TMD intake did not alter them regardless of B. subtilis and biogenic amine contents. HOMA-IR, a measure of insulin resistance, decreased with TMD with high B. subtilis (HSLA and HSHA) compared to the Control group. In OGTT and IPGTT, serum glucose concentrations at each time point were higher in the Control than in the Normal-control, and HSLA and HSHA lowered them. Memory function was preserved with HSHA and HSLA administration. Bone mineral density decline measured by DEXA analysis was prevented in the HSHA and HSLA groups. Bone metabolism changes were associated with decreased osteoclastic activity, parathyroid hormone levels, and osteoclastic activity-related parameters. Micro-CT results demonstrated that TMD, especially HSLA and HSHA, preserved bone structure in OVX rats. TMD also modulated the fecal bacterial community, increasing Lactobacillus, Ligalactobacillus, and Bacillus. In conclusion, through gut microbiota modulation, TMD, particularly with high B. subtilis content, acts as a synbiotic to benefit glucose, bone, and memory function in OVX rats. Further research is needed to make specific recommendations for B. subtilis-rich TMD for menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Jong Yang
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (M.-S.R.)
| | - Ting Zhang
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Yu Yue
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Su-Ji Jeong
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (M.-S.R.)
| | - Myeong-Seon Ryu
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (M.-S.R.)
| | - Xuangao Wu
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
| | - Do-Yeon Jeong
- Department of R & D, Microbial Institute for Fermentation Industry, Sunchang-gun 56048, Republic of Korea; (H.-J.Y.); (S.-J.J.); (M.-S.R.)
| | - Sunmin Park
- Department of Bioconvergence, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (T.Z.); (X.W.)
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Obesity/Diabetes Research Center, Hoseo University, Asan-si 31499, Republic of Korea; (Y.Y.); (C.L.)
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Afzaal M, Saeed F, Islam F, Ateeq H, Asghar A, Shah YA, Ofoedu CE, Chacha JS. Nutritional Health Perspective of Natto: A Critical Review. Biochem Res Int 2022; 2022:5863887. [PMID: 36312453 PMCID: PMC9616652 DOI: 10.1155/2022/5863887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Natto, a traditional soy food fermented by Bacillus subtilis, is made by steaming or cooking soaked soybean seeds, inoculating them with the bacteria, and then letting them sit for an incubation period. Natto soya has grown popular because of its nutritional importance and health advantages. As a result, farmers have more opportunities, thanks to the natto soybean market. For the natto soybean market to remain stable and grow, improved soybean cultivars with enhanced natto quality traits are essential. Natto's high-quality attributes are influenced by the bacteria strain, processing parameters, and soybean variety. Natto has a specific flavor and aroma with a slimy, sticky consistency. Natto possesses various therapeutic potentials and contains a range of essential nutrients and bioactive compounds, i.e., nattokinase, soybean isoflavone, γ-polyglutamic acid, vitamin K2, and biogenic amines. Bacterial species, processing conditions, and cultivars of soybean determine the quality characteristics of natto. Natto food is higher in menaquinone-7 and contains 100 times more menaquinone-7 than most cheeses. The present review highlights the production technology, microbiology, nutritional composition, and therapeutic potentials of natto.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Afzaal
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar Islam
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Huda Ateeq
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aasma Asghar
- Department of Home Economics, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Department of Food Science, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Chigozie E. Ofoedu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria
| | - James S. Chacha
- Department of Food Science and Agroprocessing, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P.O. Box 3006, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro, Tanzania
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Messina M, Duncan A, Messina V, Lynch H, Kiel J, Erdman JW. The health effects of soy: A reference guide for health professionals. Front Nutr 2022; 9:970364. [PMID: 36034914 PMCID: PMC9410752 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.970364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Soy is a hotly debated and widely discussed topic in the field of nutrition. However, health practitioners may be ill-equipped to counsel clients and patients about the use of soyfoods because of the enormous, and often contradictory, amount of research that has been published over the past 30 years. As interest in plant-based diets increases, there will be increased pressure for practitioners to gain a working knowledge of this area. The purpose of this review is to provide concise literature summaries (400-500 words) along with a short perspective on the current state of knowledge of a wide range of topics related to soy, from the cholesterol-lowering effects of soy protein to the impact of isoflavones on breast cancer risk. In addition to the literature summaries, general background information on soyfoods, soy protein, and isoflavones is provided. This analysis can serve as a tool for health professionals to be used when discussing soyfoods with their clients and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Alison Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Heidi Lynch
- Kinesiology Department, Point Loma Nazarene University, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Jessica Kiel
- Scientific and Clinical Affairs, Medifast Inc., Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John W. Erdman
- Division of Nutritional Sciences and Beckman Institute, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana/Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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8
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Qiao Y, Zhang K, Zhang Z, Zhang C, Sun Y, Feng Z. Fermented soybean foods: A review of their functional components, mechanism of action and factors influencing their health benefits. Food Res Int 2022; 158:111575. [PMID: 35840260 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
After thousands of years of evolution and development, traditional fermented soybean foods, with their unique charm, have gained a stable place in the global market. With the explosive development of modern biological technologies, some traditional fermented soybean foods that possess health-promoting benefits are gradually appearing. Physiologically active substances in fermented soybean foods have received extensive attention in recent decades. This review addresses the potential health benefits of several representative fermented soybean foods, as well as the action mechanism and influencing factors of their functional components. Phenolic compounds, low-molecular-weight peptides, melanoidins, furanones and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid are the antioxidative components predominantly found in fermented soybean foods. Angiotensin I-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides and γ-aminobutyric acid isolated from fermented soy foods provide potential selectivity for hypertension therapy. The potential anti-inflammatory bioactive components in fermented soybean foods include γ-linolenic acid, butyric acid, soy sauce polysaccharides, 2S albumin and isoflavone glycones. Deoxynojirimycin, genistein, and betaine possess high activity against α-glucosidase. Additionally, fermented soybean foods contain neuroprotective constituents, including indole alkaloids, nattokinase, arbutin, and isoflavone vitamin B12. The anticancer activities of fermented soybean foods are associated with surfactin, isolavone, furanones, trypsin inhibitors, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid. Nattokinase is highly correlated with antioxidant activity. And a high level of menaquinones-7 is linked to protection against neurodegenerative diseases. Sufficiently recognizing and exploiting the health benefits and functional components of traditional fermented soybean foods could provide a new strategy in the development of the food fermentation industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kenan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Zongcai Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Heilongjiang Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd. Harbin Cigarette Factory, Harbin 150027, China
| | - Zhen Feng
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, No.600, Changjiang Road, Harbin 150030, China; Spice and Beverage Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Wanning 571533, China.
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Rastogi YR, Thakur R, Thakur P, Mittal A, Chakrabarti S, Siwal SS, Thakur VK, Saini RV, Saini AK. Food fermentation – Significance to public health and sustainability challenges of modern diet and food systems. Int J Food Microbiol 2022; 371:109666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang C, Wei S, Jin M, Liu B, Yue M, Wang Y. Integrated Microbiomic and Metabolomic Dynamics of Fermented Corn and Soybean By-Product Mixed Substrate. Front Nutr 2022; 9:831243. [PMID: 35299761 PMCID: PMC8922052 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.831243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes and their metabolites produced in fermented food have been considered as critical contributors to the quality of the final products, but the comprehensive understanding of the microbiomic and metabolomic dynamics in plant-based food during solid-state fermentation remains unclear. Here, the probiotics of Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis were inoculated into corn and defatted soybean to achieve the two-stage solid-state fermentation. A 16S sequencing and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry were applied to investigate the dynamics of microbiota, metabolites, and their integrated correlations during fermentation. The results showed that the predominant bacteria changed from Streptophyta and Rickettsiales at 0 h to Bacillus and Pseudomonas in aerobic stage and then to Bacillus, Enterococcus, and Pseudomonas in anaerobic stage. In total, 229 notably different metabolites were identified at different fermentation times, and protein degradation, amino acid synthesis, and carbohydrate metabolism were the main metabolic pathways during the fermentation. Notably, phenylalanine metabolism was the most important metabolic pathway in the fermentation process. Further analysis of the correlations among the microbiota, metabolites, and physicochemical characteristics indicated that Bacillus spp. was significantly correlated with amino acids and carbohydrate metabolism in aerobic stage, and Enterococcus spp. was remarkably associated with amino acids metabolism and lactic acid production in the anaerobic stage. The present study provides new insights into the dynamic changes in the metabolism underlying the metabolic and microbial profiles at different fermentation stages, and are expected to be useful for future studies on the quality of fermented plant-based food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Siyu Wei
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingliang Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bojing Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Min Yue
- Institute of Preventive Veterinary Sciences and Department of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang University College of Animal Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Feed Safety and Pollution Prevention and Controlling, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Feed Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yizhen Wang
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Das D, Sarkar S, Borsingh Wann S, Kalita J, Manna P. Current perspectives on the anti-inflammatory potential of fermented soy foods. Food Res Int 2022; 152:110922. [PMID: 35181093 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fermented soy foods (FSF) are gaining significant attention due to promising health benefits. In recent years, FSF are being studied extensively due to the presence of diverse functional ingredients including active isoflavones and peptides along with essential micronutrients. The process of fermentation is responsible for the enrichment of various bioactive principles in soy-based fermented foods and exclusion of some anti-nutrient factors which are found predominantly in raw soybeans. Emerging evidence suggests that FSF possess immense therapeutic potential against inflammation and associated pathological complications. Extracts prepared from various FSF (e.g. fermented soy paste, milk, and sauce) were found to exert promising anti-inflammatory effects in numerous in vitro and in vivo settings. Moreover, clinical findings highlighted an inverse relationship between consumption of FSF and the prevalence of chronic inflammatory disorders among the communities which habitually consume fermented soy products. Molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory role of FSF have been delineated in many literatures which collectively suggest that FSF extracts have regulatory actions over the expression and/or activity of several proinflammatory cytokines, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, and some other factors involved in the inflammatory pathways. The present review discusses the anti-inflammatory effects of FSF with mechanistic insights based upon the available findings from cell culture, preclinical, and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dibyendu Das
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sanjib Sarkar
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sawlang Borsingh Wann
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Jatin Kalita
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Research Planning and Business Development Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India
| | - Prasenjit Manna
- Biotechnology Group, Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India; Center for Infectious Diseases, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat 785006, Assam, India.
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12
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Cui Y, Cai H, Zheng W, Shu X. Associations of Dietary Intakes of Calcium, Magnesium, and Soy Isoflavones With Bone Fracture Risk in Men: A Prospective Study. JBMR Plus 2021; 6:e10563. [PMID: 35229059 PMCID: PMC8861979 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of dietary factors in osteoporotic fractures in men is underinvestigated. We examined the associations of dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, and soy isoflavones with risk of osteoporotic fractures in the Shanghai Men's Health Study. Included in this prospective study were 61,025 men aged 40 to 74 years at study enrollment (2002–2006). The cohort was followed up via in‐person surveys for occurrence of bone fractures, major diseases, and survival status. Multivariable Cox regression was applied to evaluate the associations of variables under study (ie, dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, and soy isoflavones) with incidence of osteoporotic and non‐osteoporotic fractures, measured by hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). During a median follow‐up of 9.5 years, 1.2% and 3.4% of participants experienced osteoporotic or non‐osteoporotic fractures, respectively. Dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with risk of osteoporotic fractures with adjusted HRs of 0.78 (95% CI 0.60–1.02) and 0.27 (95% CI 0.13–0.56), respectively, for intake levels of 401 mg/d and >1000 mg/d versus ≤400 mg/d. Higher magnesium intake was associated with increased risk of osteoporotic fractures after adjusting for dietary calcium intake, with HRs of 1.27 (95% CI 0.97–1.66) and 2.21 (95% CI 1.08–4.50), respectively, for intakes of 251 mg/d and >450 mg/d versus intake ≤250 mg/d. High soy isoflavone intake was associated with a 25% reduction of osteoporotic fracture risk (HR = 0.73, 95% CI 0.56–0.97 for soy isoflavone intake >45.2 mg/d versus <21.7 mg/d). Dietary intakes of calcium, magnesium, or soy isoflavones were unrelated to the risk of non‐osteoporotic fractures. Our study added to the evidence that dietary calcium intake was inversely associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures in a dose–response fashion, while high magnesium intake was associated with an increased risk. Our study also revealed a novel association between higher soy isoflavone consumption and osteoporotic fractures in men. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Cui
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Hui Cai
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
| | - Xiao‐Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center Vanderbilt University Medical Center Nashville TN USA
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13
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Vitamin K2 Holds Promise for Alzheimer's Prevention and Treatment. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13072206. [PMID: 34199021 PMCID: PMC8308377 DOI: 10.3390/nu13072206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the importance of vitamin K2 (VK2) in human health. However, there have been no clinical studies investigating the role of VK2 in the prevention or treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a debilitating disease for which currently there is no cure. In reviewing basic science research and clinical studies that have connected VK2 to factors involved in AD pathogenesis, we have found a growing body of evidence demonstrating that VK2 has the potential to slow the progression of AD and contribute to its prevention. In our review, we consider the antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects of VK2 and its impact on neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, cognition, cardiovascular health, and comorbidities in AD. We also examine the link between dysbiosis and VK2 in the context of the microbiome's role in AD pathogenesis. Our review is the first to consider the physiological roles of VK2 in the context of AD, and, given the recent shift in AD research toward nonpharmacological interventions, our findings emphasize the timeliness and need for clinical studies involving VK2.
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14
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Shahbazi R, Sharifzad F, Bagheri R, Alsadi N, Yasavoli-Sharahi H, Matar C. Anti-Inflammatory and Immunomodulatory Properties of Fermented Plant Foods. Nutrients 2021; 13:1516. [PMID: 33946303 PMCID: PMC8147091 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented plant foods are gaining wide interest worldwide as healthy foods due to their unique sensory features and their health-promoting potentials, such as antiobesity, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and anticarcinogenic activities. Many fermented foods are a rich source of nutrients, phytochemicals, bioactive compounds, and probiotic microbes. The excellent biological activities of these functional foods, such as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory functions, are widely attributable to their high antioxidant content and lactic acid-producing bacteria (LAB). LAB contribute to the maintenance of a healthy gut microbiota composition and improvement of local and systemic immunity. Besides, antioxidant compounds are involved in several functional properties of fermented plant products by neutralizing free radicals, regulating antioxidant enzyme activities, reducing oxidative stress, ameliorating inflammatory responses, and enhancing immune system performance. Therefore, these products may protect against chronic inflammatory diseases, which are known as the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Given that a large body of evidence supports the role of fermented plant foods in health promotion and disease prevention, we aim to discuss the potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of selected fermented plant foods, including berries, cabbage, and soybean products, and their effects on gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Shahbazi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.S.); (F.S.); (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Farzaneh Sharifzad
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.S.); (F.S.); (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Rana Bagheri
- College of Liberal Art and Sciences, Portland State University, Portland, OR 97201, USA;
| | - Nawal Alsadi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.S.); (F.S.); (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Hamed Yasavoli-Sharahi
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.S.); (F.S.); (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
| | - Chantal Matar
- Cellular and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada; (R.S.); (F.S.); (N.A.); (H.Y.-S.)
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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15
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Marques ID, Carriço MRS, Gayer MC, de Jesus Soares J, Roehrs R, Denardin ELG, Paim CS. Multiresidue Analytical Method for Pesticides in Soybean Extract. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:305-311. [PMID: 33429421 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Developed and validated a fast, simple and effective method based on the use of DLLME technique and determination by GC-MS of 26 pesticides in SE. To carry out the extraction of the pesticides of the matrix, 70 μL of mix of pesticides (1.5 μg/mL) was added to 5.0 mL of SE, containing 1.0 g of sodium chloride and 3.0 mL of acetonitrile. The results of validation were suitable. The calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.500-5.0 μg/mL. The method showed a limit of detection and quantification of 0.17 μg/mL and 0.50 μg/mL, respectively. The recovery recovering between 47% and 115%, with relative standard deviation (RSD) of <20% for fortification levels (range of 1.0-3.0 μg/mL). The method validated can be applied for routine analysis in soy-based drinks, considering it is fast, easy to perform and has satisfactory validation results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Dias Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Murilo Ricardo Sigal Carriço
- Curso de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Mateus Cristofari Gayer
- Curso de Ciências da Natureza, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Jefferson de Jesus Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Rafael Roehrs
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Elton Luis Gasparotto Denardin
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Pampa, BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
| | - Clésio Soldateli Paim
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), BR 472 - Km 585, CEP 97500-970, Uruguaiana (RS), Brazil
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16
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Jang CH, Oh J, Lim JS, Kim HJ, Kim JS. Fermented Soy Products: Beneficial Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030636. [PMID: 33803607 PMCID: PMC8003083 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermented soybean products, such as cheonggukjang (Japanese natto), doenjang (soy paste), ganjang (soy sauce), and douchi, are widely consumed in East Asian countries and are major sources of bioactive compounds. The fermentation of cooked soybean with bacteria (Bacillus spp.) and fungi (Aspergillus spp. and Rhizopus spp.) produces a variety of novel compounds, most of which possess health benefits. This review is focused on the preventive and ameliorative potential of fermented soy foods and their components to manage neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Jang
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
| | - Jisun Oh
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.O.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Ji Sun Lim
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.O.); (J.S.L.)
| | - Hyo Jung Kim
- Department of Korean Medicine Development, National Institute for Korean Medicine Development, Gyeongsan 38540, Korea;
| | - Jong-Sang Kim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea;
- Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea; (J.O.); (J.S.L.)
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-53-950-5752; Fax: +82-53-950-6750
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17
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Dietary calcium and vitamin K are associated with osteoporotic fracture risk in middle-aged and elderly Japanese women, but not men: the Murakami Cohort Study. Br J Nutr 2021; 125:319-328. [PMID: 32378495 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114520001567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although dietary Ca, vitamin D and vitamin K are nutritional factors associated with osteoporosis, little is known about their effects on incident osteoporotic fractures in East Asian populations. This study aimed to determine whether intakes of these nutrients predict incident osteoporotic fractures. We adopted a cohort study design with a 5-year follow-up. Subjects were 12 794 community-dwelling individuals (6301 men and 6493 women) aged 40-74 years. Dietary intakes of Ca, vitamin D and vitamin K were assessed with a validated FFQ. Covariates were demographic and lifestyle factors. All incident cases of major osteoporotic limb fractures, including those of the distal forearm, neck of humerus, neck or trochanter of femur and lumbar or thoracic spine were collected. Hazard ratios (HR) for energy-adjusted Ca, vitamin D and vitamin K were calculated with the residual method. Mean age was 58·8 (sd 9·3) years. Lower energy-adjusted intakes of Ca and vitamin K in women were associated with higher adjusted HR of total fractures (Pfor trend = 0·005 and 0·08, respectively). When vertebral fracture was the outcome, Pfor trend values for Ca and vitamin K were 0·03 and 0·006, respectively, and HR of the lowest and highest (reference) intake groups were 2·03 (95 % CI 1·08, 3·82) and 2·26 (95 % CI 1·19, 4·26), respectively. In men, there were null associations between incident fractures and each of the three nutrient intakes. Lower intakes of dietary Ca and vitamin K were independent lifestyle-related risk factors for osteoporotic fracture in women but not men. These associations were robust for vertebral fractures, but not for limb fractures.
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18
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Iwasaki M, Sato M, Yoshihara A, Saito T, Kitamura K, Ansai T, Nakamura K. A 5-year longitudinal association between dietary fermented soya bean (natto) intake and tooth loss through bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: The Yokogoshi cohort study. Gerodontology 2021; 38:267-275. [PMID: 33393717 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this 5-year cohort study, we aimed to determine whether the intake of natto, a fermented soya bean food product, has an indirect effect on tooth loss incidence through BMD changes among postmenopausal women. BACKGROUND Evidence indicates (1) that natto has a beneficial effect on bone health and (2) that a decrease in bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with tooth loss. METHODS The study recruited 435 postmenopausal women (average age = 64.2 years). Natto intake (exposure) was assessed at baseline using a food frequency questionnaire. Lumbar spine BMD and number of teeth were measured at baseline and 5-year follow-up. BMD change (mediator) and the number of teeth lost (outcome) over time were calculated. The mediation model consisted of these 3 variables. Mediation analysis was performed to test the indirect effect of the natto intake measured through BMD change on tooth loss. RESULTS During the study, the mean number of teeth lost was 1.2 (standard deviation = 1.8), and the mean BMD decline was 2.5% (standard deviation = 7.1). After adjusting for potential confounders, increasing habitual natto intake was significantly indirectly associated with a lower incidence of tooth loss mediated by BMD change (incidence rate ratio of tooth loss among women with "≥1 pack/day" natto intake was 0.90 [95% confidence interval = 0.82-0.99] compared to those with natto consumption of "rarely"). CONCLUSIONS Dietary natto intake is significantly indirectly associated with a lower incidence of tooth loss among postmenopausal women, and systemic bone density could be a mediator of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Misuzu Sato
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Akihiro Yoshihara
- Division of Oral Science for Health Promotion, Department of Oral Health and Welfare, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshiko Saito
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Kaori Kitamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ansai
- Division of Community, Oral Health Development, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nakamura
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
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19
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Zhu Q, Escamilla DM, Wu X, Song Q, Li S, Rosso ML, Lord N, Xie F, Zhang B. Identification and validation of major QTLs associated with low seed coat deficiency of natto soybean seeds (Glycine max L.). TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:3165-3176. [PMID: 32851437 PMCID: PMC7547995 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-020-03662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Two major QTLs associated with low seed coat deficiency of soybean seeds were identified in two biparental populations, and three SNP markers were validated to assist low-SCD natto soybean breeding selection. Soybean seed coat deficiency (SCD), known as seed coat cracking during soaking in the natto production process, is problematic because split or broken beans clog production lines and increases production costs. Development of natto soybean cultivars with low SCD is crucial to support the growth of the natto industry. Unfortunately, information on the genetic control of SCD in soybean, which is desperately needed to facilitate breeding selection, remains sparse. In this study, two F2 populations derived from V11-0883 × V12-1626 (Pop 1) and V11-0883 × V12-1885 (Pop 2) were developed and genotyped with BARCSoySNP6K Beadchips and F2-derived lines were evaluated for SCD in three consecutive years (2016-2018) in order to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with low SCD in soybean. A total of 17 QTLs underlying SCD were identified in two populations. Among these, two major and stable QTLs, qSCD15 on chromosome 15 and qSCD20 on chromosome 20, were detected across multiple years. These QTLs explained up to 30.3% of the phenotypic variation for SCD in Pop 1 and 6.1% in Pop 2 across years. Three SNP markers associated with the qSCD20 were validated in additional four biparental populations. The average selection efficiency of low-SCD soybean was 77% based on two tightly linked markers, Gm20_34626867 and Gm20_34942502, and 64% based on the marker Gm20_35625615. The novel and stable QTLs identified in this study will facilitate elucidation of the genetic mechanism controlling SCD in soybean, and the markers will significantly accelerate breeding for low-SCD soybean through marker-assisted selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhu
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Diana M Escamilla
- Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Xingbo Wu
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Qijian Song
- Soybean Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, USDA-ARS, Beltsville, MD, 20705, USA
| | - Song Li
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - M Luciana Rosso
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Nilanka Lord
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Futi Xie
- College of Agronomy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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Dai J, Tao L, Shi C, Yang S, Li D, Sheng J, Tian Y. Fermentation Improves Calcium Bioavailability in Moringa oleifera leaves and Prevents Bone Loss in Calcium-deficient Rats. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:3692-3703. [PMID: 32724632 PMCID: PMC7382168 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, there is an increasing demand of healthier plant calcium supplements. Moringa oleifera leaves (MOL) are rich in calcium and thus are promising candidates for developing efficient calcium supplements. Here, using fermentation-based approaches, we developed a Moringa oleifera leaf ferment (MOLF), which contents higher levels of calcium. The therapeutic potential of the MOLF was also examined both in vitro and in vivo. Nine lactic acid bacteria and four yeasts were tested for better fermentation of MOL. Calcium-deficient rats were used for evaluating the therapeutic effects of MOLF. The results of liquid fermentation showed that the mixture of Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus acidophilus , and Candida utilis elevated the content of MOL calcium most strikingly, with the content of calcium increased nearly 2.4-fold (from 2.08% to 4.90%). The resulting MOLF was then subjected to cell experiments and animal experiments. The results showed that calcium absorption in Caco-2 cells in MOLF group was higher than that in CaCl2 group significantly. Interestingly, in calcium-deficient rats, MOLF treatment significantly increased the thickness of cortical bone, rat body weight, wet weight of the femur, and the femur bone density, whereas it decreased osteoclast numbers. These results indicate that microbial fermentation increased calcium bioavailability of MOL, promote the growth and development of calcium-deficient rats, bone calcium deposition, and bone growth; enhance bone strength; reduce bone resorption; and prevent calcium deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahe Dai
- College of Food Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Liang Tao
- College of Food Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Chongyin Shi
- College of Food Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Shuwen Yang
- College of Food Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Depeng Li
- College of Food Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Jun Sheng
- College of Food Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big DataYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
| | - Yang Tian
- College of Food Science and TechnologyYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Biological Big DataYunnan Agricultural UniversityKunmingChina
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21
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Akbulut AC, Pavlic A, Petsophonsakul P, Halder M, Maresz K, Kramann R, Schurgers L. Vitamin K2 Needs an RDI Separate from Vitamin K1. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1852. [PMID: 32575901 PMCID: PMC7353270 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K and its essential role in coagulation (vitamin K [Koagulation]) have been well established and accepted the world over. Many countries have a Recommended Daily Intake (RDI) for vitamin K based on early research, and its necessary role in the activation of vitamin K-dependent coagulation proteins is known. In the past few decades, the role of vitamin K-dependent proteins in processes beyond coagulation has been discovered. Various isoforms of vitamin K have been identified, and vitamin K2 specifically has been highlighted for its long half-life and extrahepatic activity, whereas the dietary form vitamin K1 has a shorter half-life. In this review, we highlight the specific activity of vitamin K2 based upon proposed frameworks necessary for a bioactive substance to be recommended for an RDI. Vitamin K2 meets all these criteria and should be considered for a specific dietary recommendation intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Cengiz Akbulut
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Angelina Pavlic
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Ploingarm Petsophonsakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
| | - Maurice Halder
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Katarzyna Maresz
- International Science & Health Foundation, 30-134 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Rafael Kramann
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (R.K.)
| | - Leon Schurgers
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands; (A.C.A.); (A.P.); (P.P.)
- Division of Nephrology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (M.H.); (R.K.)
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Wesselink AK, Hatch EE, Mikkelsen EM, Trolle E, Willis SK, McCann SE, Valsta L, Lundqvist A, Tucker KL, Rothman KJ, Wise LA. Dietary phytoestrogen intakes of adult women are not strongly related to fecundability in 2 preconception cohort studies. J Nutr 2020; 150:1240-1251. [PMID: 31943053 PMCID: PMC7198303 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phytoestrogens are plant-derived hormonally active compounds found in soy, cruciferous vegetables, nuts, and seeds. Although phytoestrogens have been associated with altered endogenous hormonal activity, luteal phase deficiency, and reduced endometrial decidualization, the literature reporting examinations of phytoestrogen intake and fertility presents mixed findings. OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate prospectively the association between dietary phytoestrogen intake (isoflavones, lignans, and coumestans) and fecundability, the per-cycle probability of conception, in 2 cohorts of women planning pregnancy. METHODS Pregnancy Study Online (PRESTO) and Snart Foraeldre (SF) are parallel web-based preconception cohort studies of women from North America and Denmark, respectively, who are trying to conceive. Participants complete an online baseline questionnaire on sociodemographic, lifestyle, and medical factors. We ascertained intake of individual phytoestrogens from validated FFQs. We measured fecundability using data on menstruation and pregnancy status from bimonthly follow-up questionnaires. We analyzed data from 4880 PRESTO and 2898 SF female study participants who had been attempting conception for ≤6 cycles at study entry. We used proportional probabilities regression models to estimate fecundability ratios (FRs) and 95% CIs. RESULTS Phytoestrogen intake varied across cohorts, yet was associated with higher socioeconomic status and healthier behaviors in both cohorts. After adjustment for potential confounders, phytoestrogen intake was not substantially associated with fecundability in either cohort. We observed some evidence of improved fecundability with increasing isoflavone intake among women age ≥30 years in PRESTO (FR: 1.12; 95% CI: 0.94, 1.34, for comparison of ≥90th with <25th percentile intake) and SF (corresponding FR: 1.19; 95% CI: 0.92, 1.55). Lignan intake was associated with slightly increased fecundability in SF (FR for comparison of 75th to 90th with <25th percentile: 1.10; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.26), but decreased fecundability in PRESTO (FR for comparison of ≥90th with <25th percentile: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.72, 0.97). CONCLUSIONS We did not observe strong associations between phytoestrogen intake and prospectively-measured fecundability among North American or Danish pregnancy planners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia K Wesselink
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Address correspondence to AKW (e-mail: )
| | - Elizabeth E Hatch
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ellen M Mikkelsen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ellen Trolle
- Division of Risk Assessment and Nutrition, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sydney K Willis
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Susan E McCann
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Liisa Valsta
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Katherine L Tucker
- Zuckerberg College of Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth J Rothman
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA,Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Lauren A Wise
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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Kojima A, Ikehara S, Kamiya K, Kajita E, Sato Y, Kouda K, Tamaki J, Kagamimori S, Iki M. Natto Intake is Inversely Associated with Osteoporotic Fracture Risk in Postmenopausal Japanese Women. J Nutr 2020; 150:599-605. [PMID: 31825069 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxz292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The direct association between intake of Japanese fermented soybeans, namely natto, and bone mineral density (BMD) is known. However, the association with osteoporotic fractures has not been studied. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether habitual natto intake is associated with a risk of osteoporotic fractures. METHODS This prospective cohort study included 1417 postmenopausal Japanese women who were enrolled in the Japanese Population-Based Osteoporosis cohort study in 1996, 1999, 2002, and 2006 and were aged ≥45 y at baseline. The intake of natto, tofu, and other soybean products was surveyed with use of a FFQ at baseline. Fractures were ascertained in follow-up surveys conducted in 1999, 2002, 2006, and 2011/2012. Osteoporotic fracture was the primary outcome and was defined as a clinical fracture occurring without strong external force, diagnosed with radiographs by a medical doctor. HRs with 95% CIs were estimated with Cox proportional hazard models. RESULTS During the 17,699 person-years of follow-up (median, 15.2 y), 172 women experienced osteoporotic fractures. After adjustment for age and BMD at the total hip, the HRs compared with those of < 1 pack (approximately 40 g)/wk natto intake were 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52, 0.98) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.30, 0.87) for 1-6 and ≥7 packs/wk, respectively. After further adjustment for BMI, history of osteoporotic fractures, history of myocardial infarction or stroke, diabetes mellitus, current smoking, alcohol intake, frequency of tofu and other soybean product intakes, and dietary calcium intake, the HRs were 0.79 (95% CI: 0.56, 1.10) and 0.56 (95% CI: 0.32, 0.99) for 1-6 and ≥7 packs/wk, respectively. Frequency of tofu or other soybean product intakes had no association with the risk of osteoporotic fractures. CONCLUSIONS Habitual natto intake may be associated with a reduced risk of osteoporotic fractures independent of confounding factors, including BMD, in Japanese postmenopausal women. This trial was registered at umin.ac.jp as UMIN 000032869.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Kojima
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Kyoto College of Nutritional & Medical Sciences, Kyoto City, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Satoyo Ikehara
- Public Health, Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine,Suita City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kuniyasu Kamiya
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Etsuko Kajita
- Chukyo Gakuin University Faculty of Nursing, Mizunami City, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuho Sato
- Department of Human Life, Jin-ai University, Echizen City, Fukui, Japan
| | - Katsuyasu Kouda
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Kansai Medical University, Hirakata City, Osaka, Japan
| | - Junko Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osaka-Sayama City, Osaka, Japan
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Hussain G, Wang J, Rasul A, Anwar H, Qasim M, Zafar S, Aziz N, Razzaq A, Hussain R, de Aguilar JLG, Sun T. Current Status of Therapeutic Approaches against Peripheral Nerve Injuries: A Detailed Story from Injury to Recovery. Int J Biol Sci 2020; 16:116-134. [PMID: 31892850 PMCID: PMC6930373 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.35653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral nerve injury is a complex condition with a variety of signs and symptoms such as numbness, tingling, jabbing, throbbing, burning or sharp pain. Peripheral nerves are fragile in nature and can easily get damaged due to acute compression or trauma which may lead to the sensory and motor functions deficits and even lifelong disability. After lesion, the neuronal cell body becomes disconnected from the axon's distal portion to the injury site leading to the axonal degeneration and dismantlement of neuromuscular junctions of targeted muscles. In spite of extensive research on this aspect, complete functional recovery still remains a challenge to be resolved. This review highlights detailed pathophysiological events after an injury to a peripheral nerve and the associated factors that can either hinder or promote the regenerative machinery. In addition, it throws light on the available therapeutic strategies including supporting therapies, surgical and non-surgical interventions to ameliorate the axonal regeneration, neuronal survival, and reinnervation of peripheral targets. Despite the availability of various treatment options, we are still lacking the optimal treatments for a perfect and complete functional regain. The need for the present age is to discover or design such potent compounds that would be able to execute the complete functional retrieval. In this regard, plant-derived compounds are getting more attention and several recent reports validate their remedial effects. A plethora of plants and plant-derived phytochemicals have been suggested with curative effects against a number of diseases in general and neuronal injury in particular. They can be a ray of hope for the suffering individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Hussain
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Jing Wang
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021 China
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Shamaila Zafar
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Nimra Aziz
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Aroona Razzaq
- Neurochemicalbiology and Genetics Laboratory (NGL), Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000 Pakistan
| | - Rashad Hussain
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Translational Neuromedicine (SMD), School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave, Box 645, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
| | - Jose-Luis Gonzalez de Aguilar
- Université de Strasbourg, UMR_S 1118, Strasbourg, France
- INSERM, U1118, Mécanismes Centraux et Péripheriques de la Neurodégénérescence, Strasbourg, France
| | - Tao Sun
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, 361021 China
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Smeriglio A, Calderaro A, Denaro M, Laganà G, Bellocco E. Effects of Isolated Isoflavones Intake on Health. Curr Med Chem 2019; 26:5094-5107. [PMID: 28990503 DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666171006143047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 09/16/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Isoflavones are naturally occurring flavonoids, commonly found in the food consumed for centuries in the East-Asian population, characterized by a structure able to exert nonsteroidal estrogen-like activity on human cells. They have attracted researcher interest all around the word, following the results obtained in epidemiological and clinical studies. The involvement of isoflavones and their metabolites in various biological processes suggests that they can influence several metabolic pathways and can influence the gene expression at epigenetic level, involving effects that probably are due to early life exposure. They show positive health effects on several diseases, especially in the prevention of coronary heart and neurological diseases, hormone-related cancers, osteoporosis, and postmenopausal symptoms. METHODS We have performed a critical evaluation of available literature trough a structured search of bibliographic databases about isoflavones health promoting properties, risk assessment and mechanisms of action. In addition, we supplied useful information on their biochemical properties, sources and bioavailability. RESULTS Although these molecules have been the subjects of numerous researches, their role for the wellness of the human organism remains controversial. Moreover, there are substantial inconsistencies between the results obtained by epidemiologic studies conducted on Eastern population, which found high health promoting properties, and Western clinical trials, which found much less positive effects. CONCLUSION Further epidemiologic studies and well-designed prospective human studies are to determine the beneficial effects of isoflavones exposure, as well as establishing its safe therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Smeriglio
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Antonella Calderaro
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Denaro
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Laganà
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
| | - Ersilia Bellocco
- Department of Chemical, University of Messina, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, Messina, Italy
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Ma Y, Tang PTP, McClure DD, Valtchev P, Ashton JF, Dehghani F, Kavanagh JM. Development of a menaquinone-7 enriched functional food. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2019.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Wu L, Zeng T, Zinellu A, Rubino S, Kelvin DJ, Carru C. A Cross-Sectional Study of Compositional and Functional Profiles of Gut Microbiota in Sardinian Centenarians. mSystems 2019; 4:4/4/e00325-19. [PMID: 31289141 PMCID: PMC6616150 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00325-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Sardinia, Italy, has a high prevalence of residents who live more than 100 years. The reasons for longevity in this isolated region are currently unknown. Gut microbiota may hold a clue. To explore the role gut microbiota may play in healthy aging and longevity, we used metagenomic sequencing to determine the compositional and functional differences in gut microbiota associated with populations of different ages in Sardinia. Our data revealed that the gut microbiota of both young and elderly Sardinians shared similar taxonomic and functional profiles. A different pattern was found in centenarians. Within the centenarian group, the gut microbiota was correlated with the functional independence measurement of the host. Centenarians had a higher diversity of core microbiota species and microbial genes than those in the young and elderly. We found that the gut microbiota in Sardinian centenarians displayed a rearranged taxonomic pattern compared with those of the young and elderly, featured by depletion of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and Eubacterium rectale and enriched for Methanobrevibacter smithii and Bifidobacterium adolescentis Moreover, functional analysis revealed that the microbiota in centenarians had high capacity for central metabolism, especially glycolysis and fermentation to short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), although the gut microbiota in centenarians was low in genes encoding enzymes involved in degradation of carbohydrates, including fibers and galactose.IMPORTANCE The gut microbiota has been proposed as a promising determinant for human health. Centenarians as a model for extreme aging may help us understand the correlation of gut microbiota with healthy aging and longevity. Here we confirmed that centenarians had microbiota elements usually associated with benefits to health. Our finding of a high capacity of glycolysis and related SCFA production represented a healthy microbiome and environment that is regarded as beneficial for host gut epithelium. The low abundance of genes encoding components of pathways involved in carbohydrate degradation was also found in the gut microbiota of Sardinian centenarians and is often associated with poor gut health. Overall, our study here represents an expansion of previous research investigating the age-related changes in gut microbiota. Furthermore, our study provides a new prospective for potential targets for gut microbiota intervention directed at limiting gut inflammation and pathology and enhancing a healthy gut barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wu
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Tiansheng Zeng
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - David J Kelvin
- Division of Immunology, International Institute of Infection and Immunity, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
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Liu X, Zhang M, Zhang H, Zhao A, Sun J, Tang W. [Role of PPAR-γ-regulated autophagy in genistein-induced inhibition of hepatic stellate cell activation]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2019; 39:561-565. [PMID: 31140420 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2019.05.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the inhibitory effect of genistein on activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) in vitro and the role of the autophagy pathway regulated by PPAR-γ in mediating this effect. METHODS Cultured HSC-T6 cells were exposed to different concentrations of genistein for 48 h, and HSC activation was verified by detecting the expressions of -SMA and 1(I) collagen; autophagy activation in the cells was determined by detecting the expressions of LC3-II and p62 using Western blotting. The autophagy inhibitor 3-MA was used to confirm the role of autophagy in genistein-induced inhibition of HSC activation. A PPAR-γ inhibitor was used to explore the role of PPAR-γ in activating autophagy in the HSCs. RESULTS Genistein at concentrations of 5 and 50 μmol/L significantly inhibited the expressions of -SMA and 1(I) collagen (P < 0.05), markedly upregulated the expressions of PPAR-γ and the autophagy-related protein LC3-II (P < 0.05) and significantly down-regulated the expression of the ubiqutin-binding protein p62 (P < 0.05) in HSC-T6 cells. The cells pretreated with 3-MA prior to genistein treatment showed significantly increased protein expressions of -SMA and 1(I) collagen compared with the cells treated with genistein only (P < 0.05). Treatment with the PPAR-γ inhibitor obviously lowered the expression of LC3-II and enhanced the expression p62 in genistein-treated HSC-T6 cells, suggesting the activation of the autophagy pathway. CONCLUSIONS PPAR-γ- regulated autophagy plays an important role in mediating genistein-induced inhibition of HSC activation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Liu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Meifang Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Haifeng Zhang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Anda Zhao
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Juan Sun
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Wen Tang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Ninth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
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Tamaki J, Fujimori K, Ikehara S, Kamiya K, Nakatoh S, Okimoto N, Ogawa S, Ishii S, Iki M. Estimates of hip fracture incidence in Japan using the National Health Insurance Claim Database in 2012-2015. Osteoporos Int 2019; 30:975-983. [PMID: 30648192 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-019-04844-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Using the nationwide health insurance claims database, we found that the age-standardized hip fracture incidence rates in Japan indicated significant increase in males but no significant change in females during 2012-2015. The fracture risk in subjects aged 75-84 years indicated decrease in females but no change in males. INTRODUCTION Nationwide registry data on hip fractures have not yet been established in Japan. Using the newly developed National Database of Health Insurance Claims (NDB), which covers the entire Japanese population, we investigated the incidence rates of hip fractures and the associated regional differences. We also assessed the frequency of osteoporosis prescriptions, bone turnover marker (BTM) level, and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. METHODS The annual numbers of hip fractures, osteoporosis prescriptions, and BTM level and BMD measurements by prefecture from 2012 to 2015 were obtained from NDB data. We calculated the standardized claims-data ratio (SCR) in each prefecture. RESULTS The age-standardized incidence rates from 2012 to 2015 indicated no significant change in females and significant increase in males (p value for trend; 0.920, 0.002, respectively). The fracture risk decreased in females aged 75-84 years and indicated no increase in females aged 85-89 years during 2012-2015, while the fracture risk indicated no change in males aged 75-84 years and increased in males aged 85-89 years. The frequency of osteoporosis prescriptions, BTM level measurements, and BMD measurements in the general population in the corresponding period increased with statistical or marginal significance in females and males. West-east regional differences were observed in the incidence rates; the highest SCR values in the western prefectures were approximately double the lowest values in the eastern prefectures. CONCLUSIONS The age-standardized hip fracture incidence rates indicated no significant change in females and significant increase in males in Japan from 2012 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tamaki
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan.
| | - K Fujimori
- Department of Health Administration and Policy, Tohoku University School of Medicine, 2-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8575, Japan
| | - S Ikehara
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - K Kamiya
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigaku-Machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, 569-8686, Japan
| | - S Nakatoh
- Asahi General Hospital, 477, Tomari, Asahi-machi, Shimo-Shinkawa-gun, Toyama, 939-0798, Japan
| | - N Okimoto
- Okimoto Clinic, 185-4, Kubi, Yutaka-machi, Kure-city, Hiroshima, 734-0304, Japan
| | - S Ogawa
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - S Ishii
- Japan Osteoporosis Foundation, 2-14, Oodemma-cho, Nihombashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 103-0011, Japan
| | - M Iki
- Department of Public Health, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 377-2, Oono-Higashi, Osaka Sayama city, Osaka, 589-8511, Japan
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Tarvainen M, Fabritius M, Yang B. Determination of vitamin K composition of fermented food. Food Chem 2019; 275:515-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.09.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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High levels of branched chain fatty acids in nātto and other Asian fermented foods. Food Chem 2019; 286:428-433. [PMID: 30827628 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 01/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The mean intake (500 mg/day) of branched chain fatty acids (BCFA) in western countries is from dairy products and beef. We hypothesized that Asian countries with low dairy consumption have an alternative source of BCFA and report the characterization of nātto and selected fermented foods for BCFA content. Nātto BCFA averaged 0.6 (range 0.21-1.43) mg BCFA per g natto (wet weight) and was highly variable. Nātto major BCFA are C14-17 iso- and anteiso-BCFA similar to fluid milk. BCFA concentrations were 1.00 ± 0.64%, 1.63 ± 0.72% and 0.65 ± 0.07%, of total fatty acids in nātto, shrimp paste and fish sauce, respectively. In contrast, saturates, monounsaturates, and major polyunsaturates were more constant (coefficient of variation = 21%, 26% and 4% compared to 64% for nātto BCFA). Detection of fatty acid ethyl esters were confirmed in miso and found in homemade kimchi. Habitual nātto and/or fermented seafood consumption could support BCFA intakes similar to dairy consumption.
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Cao ZH, Green-Johnson JM, Buckley ND, Lin QY. Bioactivity of soy-based fermented foods: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2019; 37:223-238. [PMID: 30521852 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
For centuries, fermented soy foods have been dietary staples in Asia and, now, in response to consumer demand, they are available throughout the world. Fermentation bestows unique flavors, boosts nutritional values and increases or adds new functional properties. In this review, we describe the functional properties and underlying action mechanisms of soy-based fermented foods such as Natto, fermented soy milk, Tempeh and soy sauce. When possible, the contribution of specific bioactive components is highlighted. While numerous studies with in vitro and animal models have hinted at the functionality of fermented soy foods, ascribing health benefits requires well-designed, often complex human studies with analysis of diet, lifestyle, family and medical history combined with long-term follow-ups for each subject. In addition, the contribution of the microbiome to the bioactivities of fermented soy foods, possibly mediated through direct action or bioactive metabolites, needs to be studied. Potential synergy or other interactions among the microorganisms carrying out the fermentation and the host's microbial community may also contribute to food functionality, but the details still require elucidation. Finally, safety evaluation of fermented soy foods has been limited, but is essential in order to provide guidelines for consumption and confirm lack of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hui Cao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China
| | - Julia M Green-Johnson
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology (UOIT), Oshawa L1H 7K4, Canada
| | | | - Qiu-Ye Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, China.
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LC-ESI-MS based characterisation of isoflavones in soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) from India. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2018; 55:5045-5054. [PMID: 30483000 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-018-3443-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
A total of twenty-one soybean varieties were screened for their morphological characteristics followed by isoflavone content analysis by HPLC. The total isoflavone (TI) content was found within a wide range of 140.9-1048.6 μg/g of soy in different varieties. The highest isoflavone content was found in MAUS-2 followed by DS_2613 and lowest in Karunae (140.9 μg/g of soy). Various isoflavone forms were identified by LC-ESI+ MS. Significant differences in the isoflavone content were observed for all the aglycones and their glucoside conjugates as well as total daidzein, total genistein, total glycitein, and TI. A positive correlation between TI content and growth stages was found during the progression of seed development. An increase of 5.4-fold and 5.3-fold of TI concentration was observed for JS 335 and MAUS-2 respectively, from early to green mature (R5-R8) stage of bean development.
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Lee DH, Kim MJ, Park SH, Song EJ, Nam YD, Ahn J, Jang YJ, Ha TY, Jung CH. Bioavailability of Isoflavone Metabolites After Korean Fermented Soybean Paste (Doenjang) Ingestion in Estrogen-Deficient Rats. J Food Sci 2018; 83:2212-2221. [PMID: 30035387 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Doenjang (DJ), a fermented soybean product used in soups, stews, and sauces, contains high quality proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and other functional ingredients, including isoflavones and saponins. This study investigated whether DJ improves the bioavailability of isoflavones compared to boiled soybean (BS) in sham-operated or ovariectomized (OVX) rats. We also examined the effects of ovariectomy on the differences in bioavailability of isoflavones. BS and DJ were administered in sham-operated and OVX rats, and blood samples were collected. Twenty-six isoflavone-derived metabolites were identified. Pharmacokinetic analysis revealed that T1/2 values of the individual isoflavone metabolites were most different in sham and OVX rats, even after the same sample treatment; however, Tmax values were significant different in a few metabolites such as daidzein 4'-glucuronide, daidzein 4'-sulfate, 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid, and benzoic acid. For most of the individual metabolites, Cmax was higher in both sham and OVX rats administered BS than those administered DJ. The AUC was generally lower in OVX rats than in sham rats. The AUC of daidzein and genistein in BS-fed sham rats was approximately 1.7-fold higher than those administered DJ, whereas glycitein was detected only in the DJ group. No significant differences in AUC of daidzein and genistein were observed between BS and DJ administration in OVX rats, although the total isoflavone content of DJ was lower; thus, DJ-mediated isoflavone bioavailability was more effective in OVX rats. Similar tendencies were observed for phase II and gut-mediated metabolites. These results suggested that DJ enhanced isoflavone bioavailability under estrogen deficiency, even when the total isoflavone content was decreased by fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hye Lee
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Hyun Park
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ji Song
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Do Nam
- Research Group of Gut Microbiome, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyun Ahn
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jin Jang
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Youl Ha
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hwa Jung
- Research Group of Metabolic Mechanism, Korea Food Research Inst., Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
- Dept. of Food Biotechnology, Korea Univ. of Science and Technology, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 55365, Republic of Korea
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Hinton PS, Ortinau LC, Dirkes RK, Shaw EL, Richard MW, Zidon TZ, Britton SL, Koch LG, Vieira-Potter VJ. Soy protein improves tibial whole-bone and tissue-level biomechanical properties in ovariectomized and ovary-intact, low-fit female rats. Bone Rep 2018; 8:244-254. [PMID: 29922706 PMCID: PMC6005802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoporosis and related fractures, decreased physical activity, and metabolic dysfunction are serious health concerns for postmenopausal women. Soy protein might counter the negative effects of menopause on bone and metabolic health due to the additive or synergistic effects of its bioactive components. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of ovariectomy (OVX) and a soy-protein diet (SOY) on bone outcomes in female, low-capacity running (LCR) rats selectively bred for low aerobic fitness as a model of menopause. METHODS At 27 weeks of age, LCR rats (N = 40) underwent OVX or sham (SHAM) surgery and were randomized to one of two isocaloric and isonitrogenous plant-protein-based dietary treatments: 1) soy-protein (SOY; soybean meal); or, 2) control (CON, corn-gluten meal), resulting in four treatment groups. During the 30-week dietary intervention, animals were provided ad libitum access to food and water; body weight and food intake were measured weekly. At completion of the 30-week intervention, body composition was measured using EchoMRI; animals were fasted overnight, euthanized, and blood and hindlimbs collected. Plasma markers of bone formation (osteocalcin, OC; N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen, P1NP) and resorption (tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, TRAP5b; C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen, CTx) were measured using ELISA. Tibial trabecular microarchitecture and cortical geometry were evaluated using μCT; and torsional loading to failure was used to assess cortical biomechanical properties. Advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content of the femur was measured using a fluorimetric assay, and was expressed relative to collagen content measured by a colorimetric OH-proline assay. Two-factor ANOVA or ANOVCA was used to test for significant main and interactive effects of ovarian status (OV STAT: OVX vs. SHAM) and DIET (SOY vs. CON); final body weight was included as a covariate for body-weight-dependent cortical geometry and biomechanical properties. RESULTS OVX had significantly greater CTx than SHAM; SOY did not affect bone turnover markers. OVX adversely affected trabecular microarchitecture as evidenced by reduced BV/TV, trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), and connectivity density (Conn.D), and by increased trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) and structural model index (SMI). SOY increased BV/TV only in ovary-intact animals. There was no effect of OVX or SOY on tibial cortical geometry. In SHAM and OVX rats, SOY significantly improved whole-bone strength and stiffness; SOY also increased tissue-level stiffness and tended to increase tissue-level strength (p = 0.067). There was no effect of OVX or SOY on AGE content. CONCLUSION Soy protein improved cortical bone biomechanical properties in female low-fit rats, regardless of ovarian hormone status.
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Key Words
- Bone
- CON, control diet
- CTx, C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen
- Conn.D, connectivity density
- G, shear modulus of elasticity
- Ks, torsional stiffness
- LCR, low-capacity runners
- Menopause
- OC, osteocalcin
- OVX, ovariectomy
- Osteoporosis
- Ovariectomy
- P1NP, N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen
- SHM, Sham
- SOY, Soy-protein-based diet
- Soy protein
- Su, ultimate tensile strength
- TRAP5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- Tb.N, trabecular number
- Tb.Sp, trabecular separation
- Tb.Th, trabecular thickness
- Tmax, maximal torque
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela S. Hinton
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Laura C. Ortinau
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Rebecca K. Dirkes
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Emily L. Shaw
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Matthew W. Richard
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Terese Z. Zidon
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Steven L. Britton
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren G. Koch
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Marles RJ, Roe AL, Oketch-Rabah HA. US Pharmacopeial Convention safety evaluation of menaquinone-7, a form of vitamin K. Nutr Rev 2018; 75:553-578. [PMID: 28838081 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nux022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin K plays important biological roles in maintaining normal blood coagulation, bone mineralization, soft tissue physiology, and neurological development. Menaquinone-7 is a form of vitamin K2 that occurs naturally in some animal-derived and fermented foods. It is also available as an ingredient of dietary supplements. Menaquinone-7 has greater bioavailability than other forms of vitamin K, which has led to increasing sales and use of menaquinone-7 supplements. This special article reviews the chemistry, nomenclature, dietary sources, intake levels, and pharmacokinetics of menaquinones, along with the nonclinical toxicity data available and the data on clinical outcomes related to safety (adverse events). In conclusion, the data reviewed indicate that menaquinone-7, when ingested as a dietary supplement, is not associated with any serious risk to health or with other public health concerns. On the basis of this conclusion, US Pharmacopeia monographs have been developed to establish quality standards for menaquinone-7 as a dietary ingredient and as a dietary supplement in various dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin J Marles
- US Pharmacopeial Convention's Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations Joint Standard Setting Subcommittee, US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Amy L Roe
- US Pharmacopeial Convention's Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations Joint Standard Setting Subcommittee, US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Hellen A Oketch-Rabah
- US Pharmacopeial Convention's Dietary Supplements Admission Evaluations Joint Standard Setting Subcommittee, US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA. US Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Jaghsi S, Hammoud T, Haddad S. Relation Between Circulating Vitamin K1 and Osteoporosis in the Lumbar Spine in Syrian Post-Menopausal Women. Open Rheumatol J 2018. [PMID: 29541269 PMCID: PMC5842378 DOI: 10.2174/1874312901812010001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In the past two decades, Vitamin K has been receiving more attention due to its role in bone health and metabolism. The bone mineral density does not remain steady with age, particularly declining after menopause. Objective: This study is aimed to investigate the relationship between bone mineral density and serum vitamin K1 levels in post-menopausal women, and to evaluate serum vitamin K1 levels as a potential biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis. Methods: Serum levels of vitamin k1 were measured in 23 postmenopausal osteoporotic women, and in 15 postmenopausal healthy control women using a standardized Enzyme-Linked Immune Sorbent Assay (ELISA) kit. Bone mineral density BMD was assessed at the lumbar spine. Results: The mean serum vitamin k1 level was significantly lower in the postmenopausal osteoporotic women group than in the normal control group (mean=0.794 vs3.61ng/ml, P< 0.0001), and serum vitamin k1 concentration was positively correlated with lumbar spine BMD among postmenopausal osteoporotic women (R=0.533, p = 0.009), and in postmenopausal healthy control (R=0.563, p = 0.02). Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of vitamin k1 for osteoporosis were 90% and 98%, respectively (cut-off value: 0.853 ng/ml). The area under the ROC curve (AUC) value for vitamin k1 was 0.984 the odd ratio result was 18.66. Conclusion: Our results suggest that vitamin K1 may contribute to maintain bone mineral density. Vitamin K1 may have a role in diagnosing post-menopausal osteoporosis. Vitamin K1 may be a valuable diagnostic as well as therapeutic marker in post-menopausal osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawsan Jaghsi
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Taghrid Hammoud
- Department of Physiology and drugs, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Shaden Haddad
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Hsu C, Wu BY, Chang YC, Chang CF, Chiou TY, Su NW. Phosphorylation of Isoflavones by Bacillus subtilis BCRC 80517 May Represent Xenobiotic Metabolism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:127-137. [PMID: 29231720 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The soy isoflavones daidzein (DAI) and genistein (GEN) have beneficial effects on human health. However, their oral bioavailability is hampered by their low aqueous solubility. Our previous study revealed two water-soluble phosphorylated conjugates of isoflavones, daidzein 7-O-phosphate and genistein 7-O-phosphate, generated via biotransformation by Bacillus subtilis BCRC80517 cultivated with isoflavones. In this study, two novel derivatives of isoflavones, daidzein 4'-O-phosphate and genistein 4'-O-phosphate, were identified by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS and 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR, and their biotransformation roadmaps were proposed. Primarily, isoflavone glucosides were deglycosylated and then phosphorylated predominantly into 7-O-phosphate conjugates with traces of 4'-O-phosphate conjugates. Inevitably, trace quantities of glucosides were converted into 6″-O-succinyl glucosides. GEN was more efficiently phosphorylated than DAI. Nevertheless, the presence of GEN prolonged the time until the exponential phase of cell growth, whereas the other isoflavones showed little effect on cell growth. Our findings provide new insights into the novel microbial phosphorylation of isoflavones involved in xenobiotic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hsu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Yuan Wu
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chuan Chang
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Fon Chang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica , Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ying Chiou
- Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Chemistry, Kitami Institute of Technology , Kitami 090-8507, Japan
| | - Nan-Wei Su
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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Zhao Y, Liu Q, Zhang S, Jiang L, Liu Y, Han C. Formation and Properties of Recombined Soymilk and Cow’s Milk Gels: Effect of Glucono-δ-lactone. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:885-892. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Qingguan Liu
- Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University
| | | | - Yang Liu
- Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University
| | - Cuiping Han
- Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University
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40
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Tamura M, Hoshi C, Kimura Y, Suzuki T, Yamamoto-Maeda M. Effects of γ-Polyglutamic Acid on the Cecal Microbiota and Visceral Fat in KK-A y/TaJcl Male Mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.24.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Motoi Tamura
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Chigusa Hoshi
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Yukiko Kimura
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Tadahiro Suzuki
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Mari Yamamoto-Maeda
- Food Research Institute of National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Şanlier
- Biruni University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Büşra Başar Gökcen
- Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aybüke Ceyhun Sezgin
- Gazi University, Faculty of Tourism, Department of Gastronomy and Culinary Art, Gölbaşı/Ankara, Turkey
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Lambert MNT, Hu LM, Jeppesen PB. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effects of isoflavone formulations against estrogen-deficient bone resorption in peri- and postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 2017; 106:801-811. [PMID: 28768649 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.116.151464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Age-related estrogen deficiency leads to accelerated bone resorption. There is evidence that, through selective estrogen receptor modulation, isoflavones may exert beneficial effects against estrogen-deficient bone loss. Isoflavone aglycones show higher bioavailability than their glycosidic counterparts and thus may have greater potency.Objective: To summarize evidence, we executed a systematic review and meta-analysis examining isoflavone therapies and bone mineral density (BMD) loss in peri- and postmenopausal women.Design: We systematically searched EMBASE and PubMed for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating isoflavone therapies for treating BMD loss at the lumbar spine and femoral neck in estrogen-deficient women. Separate meta-analyses were carried out with the use of random-effects models for the lumbar spine and femoral neck for all studies providing isoflavones as aglycones.Results: Twenty-six RCTs (n = 2652) were included in the meta-analysis. At the lumbar spine, isoflavone treatment was associated with a significantly (P < 0.00001) higher weighted mean difference (WMD) of BMD change of 0.01 (95% CI: 0.01, 0.02) than the control. For the femoral neck (18 RCTs, n = 1604), isoflavone treatment showed a significantly (P < 0.01) higher WMD of BMD change of 0.01 (95% CI: 0.00, 0.02) compared with the control. When isolating studies that provide isoflavone aglycones in their treatment arm, the average effect was further significantly increased at the spine (5 RCTs, n = 682) to 0.04 (P < 0.00001; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.05) and femoral neck (4 RCTs, n = 524) to 0.03 (P < 0.05; 95% CI: 0.00, 0.06) compared with the control. This protective effect against bone loss disappeared when only studies with formulations comprising predominantly isoflavone glycosides were included.Conclusions: Isoflavone treatments exert a moderately beneficial effect against estrogen-deficient bone loss in women. The effect appears dependent on whether isoflavone treatments are in aglycone form; we conclude that beneficial effects against bone loss may be enhanced for isoflavone aglycones.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lin Meng Hu
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Bendix Jeppesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Park HJ, Jung MY. One step salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extraction followed by UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS for the analysis of isoflavones in soy milk. Food Chem 2017; 229:797-804. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.02.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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44
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Guo H, Xue L, Yao S, Cai X, Qian J. Rhein functionalized magnetic chitosan as a selective solid phase extraction for determination isoflavones in soymilk. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:96-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Palermo A, Tuccinardi D, D'Onofrio L, Watanabe M, Maggi D, Maurizi AR, Greto V, Buzzetti R, Napoli N, Pozzilli P, Manfrini S. Vitamin K and osteoporosis: Myth or reality? Metabolism 2017; 70:57-71. [PMID: 28403946 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2017.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin K is a liposoluble vitamin. The predominant dietary form, phylloquinone or vitamin K1, is found in plants and green vegetables; whereas menaquinone, or vitamin K2, is endogenously synthesized by intestinal bacteria and includes several subtypes that differ in side chain length. Aside from its established role in blood clotting, several studies now support a critical function of vitamin K in improving bone health. Vitamin K is in fact required for osteocalcin carboxylation that in turn regulates bone mineral accretion; it seems to promote the transition of osteoblasts to osteocytes and also limits the process of osteoclastogenesis. Several observational and interventional studies have examined the relationship between vitamin K and bone metabolism, but findings are conflicting and unclear. This systematic review aims to investigate the impact of vitamin K (plasma levels, dietary intake, and oral supplementation) on bone health with a particular interest in bone remodeling, mineral density and fragility fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Palermo
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Dario Tuccinardi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy.
| | - Luca D'Onofrio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Polo Pontino, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Mikiko Watanabe
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Daria Maggi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Maurizi
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Greto
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Buzzetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Polo Pontino, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Napoli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Pozzilli
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Manfrini
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Campus Bio-Medico of Rome, 00128 Rome, Italy
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Wang W, Yao L, Cheng CY, Zhang T, Atsumi H, Wang L, Wang G, Anilionyte O, Steiner H, Ou J, Zhou K, Wawrousek C, Petrecca K, Belcher AM, Karnik R, Zhao X, Wang DIC, Ishii H. Harnessing the hygroscopic and biofluorescent behaviors of genetically tractable microbial cells to design biohybrid wearables. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1601984. [PMID: 28560325 PMCID: PMC5438213 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1601984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cells' biomechanical responses to external stimuli have been intensively studied but rarely implemented into devices that interact with the human body. We demonstrate that the hygroscopic and biofluorescent behaviors of living cells can be engineered to design biohybrid wearables, which give multifunctional responsiveness to human sweat. By depositing genetically tractable microbes on a humidity-inert material to form a heterogeneous multilayered structure, we obtained biohybrid films that can reversibly change shape and biofluorescence intensity within a few seconds in response to environmental humidity gradients. Experimental characterization and mechanical modeling of the film were performed to guide the design of a wearable running suit and a fluorescent shoe prototype with bio-flaps that dynamically modulates ventilation in synergy with the body's need for cooling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Lining Yao
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Chin-Yi Cheng
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Architecture, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hiroshi Atsumi
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Luda Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Guanyun Wang
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Oksana Anilionyte
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Helene Steiner
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jifei Ou
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kang Zhou
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117585, Singapore
| | - Chris Wawrousek
- New Balance Athletics, 190 Merrimack Street, Lawrence, MA 01843, USA
| | | | - Angela M. Belcher
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Rohit Karnik
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Xuanhe Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Daniel I. C. Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Hiroshi Ishii
- MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Lefevre M, Racedo SM, Denayrolles M, Ripert G, Desfougères T, Lobach AR, Simon R, Pélerin F, Jüsten P, Urdaci MC. Safety assessment of Bacillus subtilis CU1 for use as a probiotic in humans. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 83:54-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Cicero AFG, Colletti A. Role of phytochemicals in the management of metabolic syndrome. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 23:1134-44. [PMID: 26778479 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization (WHO) for some years has been focusing on what is now commonly referred to as an "epidemic of obesity and diabetes" ("diabesity"): behind this outbreak, there are several risk factors grouped in what is called "metabolic syndrome" (MetS). The basis of this "epidemic" is either a diet too often characterized by excessive consumption of saturated and trans-esterified fatty acids, simple sugars and salt, either a sedentary lifestyle. PURPOSE The aim of this review is to focus on the phytochemicals that have a more positive effect on the treatment and/or prevention of MetS. CHAPTERS Treatment strategies for MetS include pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic options, with varying degrees of success rate. The first is indicated for patients with high cardiovascular risk, while the second one is the most cost-effective preventive approach for subjects with borderline parameters and for patients intolerant to pharmacological therapy. MetS non-pharmacological treatments could involve the use of nutraceuticals, most of which has plant origins (phytochemicals), associated with lifestyle improvement. The chapter will discuss the available evidence on soluble fibres from psyllium and other sources, cinnamaldehyde, cinnamic acid and other cinnamon phytochemicals, berberine, corosolic acid from banaba, charantin from bitter gourd, catechins and flavonols from green tea and cocoa. Vegetable omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, alliin from garlic, soy peptides, and curcumin from curcuma longa. CONCLUSION Some nutraceuticals, when adequately dosed, should improve a number of the MetS components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arrigo F G Cicero
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Colletti
- Diseases Research Center, Medicine & Surgery Dept., Alma Mater Studiorum Atherosclerosis and Metabolic University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Lin Q, Mathieu O, Tompkins TA, Buckley ND, Green-Johnson JM. Modulation of the TNFα-induced gene expression profile of intestinal epithelial cells by soy fermented with lactic acid bacteria. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Cosso R, Falchetti A. Vitamin K and bone metabolism: the myth and the truth. EXPERT REVIEW OF PRECISION MEDICINE AND DRUG DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/23808993.2016.1174061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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