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Shan C, Liu Y, Ma C, Li C, Liu Q, Liu S, Jiang G, Tian J. Dietary supplementation with Clostridium autoethanogenum protein improves growth performance and promotes muscle protein synthesis by activating the mTOR signaling pathway of the broiler. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1389738. [PMID: 38974336 PMCID: PMC11225622 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1389738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The experiment aimed to evaluate the effects of different ratios of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP) used in the diets on the growth performance, muscle quality, serum indexes, and mTOR pathway of white feather broilers. Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, comprising equal numbers of males and females, were randomly assigned to one of four treatments, and each treatment consisted of 12 replicates of 10 birds. Four diets were formulated based on isoenergetic and isonitrogenous principles. The control group (CAP 0) did not receive any CAP, while the experimental groups received 2% (CAP 2), 3% (CAP 3), and 4% (CAP 4) of CAP for six weeks. Compared with the CAP0, (1) The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lower (p < 0.05), and the leg muscle yield was higher (p < 0.05) in the CAP3 and CAP4; (2) The serum levels of TP, ALB, T-AOC, and SOD were improved in the CAP3 (p < 0.05); (3) The expression of Lipin-1 gene was down-regulated and AMPKɑ2, Akt, and 4E-BP1 genes were up-regulated in the experiment group (p < 0.05); (4) The inclusion of 3% CAP in the diet increased the levels of 4E-BP1, S6K1, Akt, and AMPKɑ2 phosphorylation by modulating the mTOR signaling pathway (p < 0.05). In conclusion, broiler diets containing 3% CAP can activate the mTOR signaling pathway to promote muscle synthesis and improve growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiao Shan
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Biotechnology Research Institute, Dalian Sanyi Animal Medicine Co., Ltd., Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Chaoxin Ma
- Research Quality Control Center, Jiangsu Sanyi Animal Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, China
| | - Chuang Li
- Research Quality Control Center, Jiangsu Sanyi Animal Nutrition Technology Co., Ltd., Xuzhou, China
| | - Qiuchen Liu
- Dalian Sanyi Biotechnology Research Institute, Dalian Sanyi Animal Medicine Co., Ltd., Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Sisi Liu
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guotuo Jiang
- Dalian Sanyi Biotechnology Research Institute, Dalian Sanyi Animal Medicine Co., Ltd., Dalian Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Tian
- School of Biological Engineering, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
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Wang X, Zhang T, Li W, Wang H, Yan L, Zhang X, Zhao L, Wang N, Zhang B. Arginine alleviates Clostridium perfringens α toxin-induced intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro via the SLC38A9/mTORC1 pathway. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1357072. [PMID: 38638435 PMCID: PMC11024335 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1357072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Clostridium perfringens α toxin is a main virulence factor responsible for gut damage in animals. Arginine is a functional amino acid exhibiting significant immunoregulatory activities. However, the effects and immunoregulatory mechanisms of arginine supplementation on α toxin-induced intestinal injury remain unclear. Methods In vivo, 256 male Arbor Acres chickens were randomly assigned to a 2×2 factorial arrangement, involving diet treatments (with or without 0.3% arginine supplementation) and immunological stress (with or without α toxin challenge). In vitro, IEC-6 cells were treated with or without arginine in the presence or absence of α toxin. Moreover, IEC-6 cells were transfected with siRNA targeting mTOR and SLC38A9 to explore the underlying mechanisms. Results and discussion The results showed that in vivo, arginine supplementation significantly alleviated the α toxin-induced growth performance impairment, decreases in serum immunoglobulin (Ig)A and IgG levels, and intestinal morphology damage. Arginine supplementation also significantly reduced the α toxin-induced increase in jejunal proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and IL-17 mRNA expression. Clostridium perfringens α toxin significantly decreased jejunal mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and solute carrier family 38 member 9 (SLC38A9) mRNA expression, while arginine supplementation significantly increased mTOR and SLC38A9 mRNA expression. In vitro, arginine pretreatment mitigated the α toxin-induced decrease in cell viability and the increase in cytotoxicity and apoptosis. Arginine pretreatment also alleviated the α toxin-induced upregulation of mRNA expression of inflammation-related cytokines IL-6, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)10, CXCL11 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), as well as apoptosis-related genes B-cell lymphoma-2 associated X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-XL) and cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3 (Caspase-3) and the ratio of Bax to Bcl-2. Arginine pretreatment significantly increased the α toxin-induced decrease in mTOR, SLC38A9, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4EBP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K) mRNA expression. Knockdown SLC38A9 and mTOR largely abrogated the positive effects of arginine pretreatment on α toxin-induced intracellular changes. Furthermore, SLC38A9 silencing abolished the increased mTOR mRNA expression caused by arginine pretreatment. In conclusion, arginine administration attenuated α toxin-induced intestinal injury in vivo and in vitro, which could be associated with the downregulation of inflammation via regulating SLC38A9/mTORC1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenli Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Heliang Wang
- Qingdao Sino-science Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Shandong New Hope Liuhe Group, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lianwen Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Nianxue Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
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Li S, Zhong H, Wang Z, Chen J, Huang Z, Zou T, You J. Dietary protein restriction regulates skeletal muscle fiber metabolic characteristics associated with the FGF21-ERK1/2 pathway. iScience 2024; 27:109249. [PMID: 38450157 PMCID: PMC10915561 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Under conditions of dietary amino acid balance, decreasing the dietary crude protein (CP) level in pigs has a beneficial effect on meat quality. To further elucidate the mechanism, we explored the alteration of muscle fiber characteristics and key regulators related to myogenesis in the skeletal muscle of pigs fed a protein restricted diet. Compared to pigs fed a normal protein diet, dietary protein restriction significantly increased the slow-twitch muscle fiber proportion in skeletal muscle, succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) activity, the concentrations of ascorbate, biotin, palmitoleic acid, and the ratio of s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAM) to s-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH), but the fast-twitch muscle fiber proportion, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, the concentrations of ATP, glucose-6-phosphate, SAM, and SAH in skeletal muscle, and the ratio of serum triiodothyronine (T3) to tetraiodothyronine (T4) were decreased. In conclusion, we demonstrated that dietary protein restriction induced skeletal muscle fiber remodeling association the regulation of FGF21-ERK1/2-mTORC1 signaling in weaned piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Haopeng Zhong
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zirui Wang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Zhouyin Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tiande Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Jinming You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Madsen JG, Kreuzer M, Silacci P, Bee G. Effect of sex and milk replacer with or without supplemental carnitine and arginine on growth characteristics, carcass, and meat quality of artificially reared low-birth weight pigs. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae122. [PMID: 38703031 PMCID: PMC11143478 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
This study compared milk replacer either remaining unsupplemented (CON) or supplemented with 0.5 g L-carnitine plus 16.7 g L-arginine/kg (CarArg) and fed to 48 low-birth weight (L-BtW) artificially reared piglets (24 per group) from days 7 to 28 of age. Eight farrowing series were needed to complete the study. On day 28, the lightest piglets were slaughtered, and the heaviest pigs were weaned. The heaviest pigs were weaned on day 28 and offered free access to a starter (weaning to 25 kg body weight [BW]), grower (25 to 60 kg BW), and finisher diet (60 to 96 kg BW on day 170 of age). After euthanization on days 28 and 170, blood was sampled for assessment of serum metabolite and hormone concentrations, and the semitendinosus muscle (STM) was weighed, and later subjected to enzyme activity analysis and assessment of myofiber characteristics. In the 170-d-old pigs carcass and meat quality traits were assessed. Growth data were analyzed accordingtoatwo-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), with dietary treatment and farrowing series as fixed effects, while remaining data were analyzed with dietary treatment, sex, their interaction, and farrowing series as main factors. Dietary treatments affected (P ≤ 0.049) muscle enzyme activity at both day 28, with greater citrate synthase (CS) and LDH activities and lower HAD:CS ratio in STM light portion, and lower LDH:CS ratio in STM dark portion, and 170 of age with lower HAD:CS ratio. In the starter period, CarArg pigs had greater average daily gain (P = 0.021) and average daily feed intake (P = 0.010). At slaughter, these pigs had lower (P = 0.013) glucose and greater (P = 0.022) urea serum concentrations. However, supplementing the milk replacer with carnitine and arginine had no long-term effects on growth performance, carcass composition, and meat quality of L-BtW pigs. In addition, muscle morphology and myofiber-related properties remained unaffected by the supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes G Madsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Kreuzer
- Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zürich, Switzerland, Switzerland
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He W, Posey EA, Steele CC, Savell JW, Bazer FW, Wu G. Dietary glycine supplementation activates mechanistic target of rapamycin signaling pathway in tissues of pigs with intrauterine growth restriction. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae141. [PMID: 38761109 PMCID: PMC11217904 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) cell signaling pathway serves as the central mechanism for the regulation of tissue protein synthesis and growth. We recently reported that supplementing 1% glycine to corn- and soybean meal-based diets enhanced growth performance between weaning and market weights in pigs with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). Results of recent studies have revealed an important role for glycine in activating mTOR and protein synthesis in C2C12 muscle cells. Therefore, the present study tested the hypothesis that dietary glycine supplementation enhanced the mTOR cell signaling pathway in skeletal muscle and other tissues of IUGR pigs. At weaning (21 d of age), IUGR pigs and litter mates with normal birth weights (NBW) were assigned randomly to one of the two groups: supplementation with either 1% glycine or 1.19% l-alanine (isonitrogenous control) to a corn- and soybean meal-based diet. Tissues were obtained from the pigs within 1 wk after the feeding trial ended at 188 d of age to determine the abundances of total and phosphorylated forms of mTOR and its two major downstream proteins: eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein-1 (4EBP1) and ribosomal protein S6 kinase-1 (p70S6K). Results showed that IUGR decreased (P < 0.05) the abundances of both total and phosphorylated mTOR, 4EBP1, and p70S6K in the gastrocnemius muscle and jejunum. In the longissimus lumborum muscle of IUGR pigs, the abundances of total mTOR did not differ (P > 0.05) but those for phosphorylated mTOR and both total and phosphorylated 4EBP1 and p70S6K were downregulated (P < 0.05), when compared to NBW pigs. These adverse effects of IUGR in the gastrocnemius muscle, longissimus lumborum muscle, and jejunum were prevented (P < 0.05) by dietary glycine supplementation. Interestingly, the abundances of total or phosphorylated mTOR, 4EBP1, and p70S6K in the liver were not affected (P > 0.05) by IUGR or glycine supplementation. Collectively, our findings indicate that IUGR impaired the mTOR cell signaling pathway in the tissues of pigs and that adequate glycine intake was crucial for maintaining active mTOR-dependent protein synthesis for the growth and development of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenliang He
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Erin A Posey
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Chandler C Steele
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Savell
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Rodrigues Junior CF, Murata GM, Gerlinger-Romero F, Nachbar RT, Marzuca-Nassr GN, Gorjão R, Vitzel KF, Hirabara SM, Pithon-Curi TC, Curi R. Changes in Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism Signaling Induced by Glutamine Supplementation and Exercise. Nutrients 2023; 15:4711. [PMID: 38004105 PMCID: PMC10674901 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effects of resistance exercise training (RET) and/or glutamine supplementation (GS) on signaling protein synthesis in adult rat skeletal muscles. METHODS The following groups were studied: (1) control, no exercise (C); (2) exercise, hypertrophy resistance exercise training protocol (T); (3) no exercise, supplemented with glutamine (G); and (4) exercise and supplemented with glutamine (GT). The rats performed hypertrophic training, climbing a vertical ladder with a height of 1.1 m at an 80° incline relative to the horizontal with extra weights tied to their tails. The RET was performed three days a week for five weeks. Each training session consisted of six ladder climbs. The extra weight load was progressively increased for each animal during each training session. The G groups received daily L-glutamine by gavage (one g per kilogram of body weight per day) for five weeks. The C group received the same volume of water during the same period. The rats were euthanized, and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles from both hind limbs were removed and immediately weighed. Glutamine and glutamate concentrations were measured, and histological, signaling protein contents, and mRNA expression analyses were performed. RESULTS Supplementation with free L-glutamine increased the glutamine concentration in the EDL muscle in the C group. The glutamate concentration was augmented in the EDL muscles from T rats. The EDL muscle mass did not change, but a significant rise was reported in the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the fibers in the three experimental groups. The levels of the phosphorylated proteins (pAkt/Akt, pp70S6K/p70S6K, p4E-BP1/4E-BP1, and pS6/S6 ratios) were significantly increased in EDL muscles of G rats, and the activation of p4E-BP1 was present in T rats. The fiber CSAs of the EDL muscles in T, G, and GT rats were increased compared to the C group. These changes were accompanied by a reduction in the 26 proteasome activity of EDL muscles from T rats. CONCLUSION Five weeks of GS and/or RET induced muscle hypertrophy, as indicated by the increased CSAs of the EDL muscle fibers. The increase in CSA was mediated via the upregulated phosphorylation of Akt, 4E-BP1, p70S6k, and S6 in G animals and 4E-BP1 in T animals. In the EDL muscles from T animals, a decrease in proteasome activity, favoring a further increase in the CSA of the muscle fibers, was reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Flores Rodrigues Junior
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (C.F.R.J.); (T.C.P.-C.); (R.C.)
| | - Gilson Masahiro Murata
- Divisions of Nephrology and Molecular Medicine, LIM-29, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil;
| | | | - Renato Tadeu Nachbar
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (C.F.R.J.); (T.C.P.-C.); (R.C.)
| | - Gabriel Nasri Marzuca-Nassr
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile;
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging (Code RED21993), Talca 3460000, Chile
| | - Renata Gorjão
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil;
| | - Kaio Fernando Vitzel
- School of Health Sciences, Massey University (University of New Zealand), Auckland 0745, New Zealand;
| | - Sandro Massao Hirabara
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil;
| | - Tania Cristina Pithon-Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (C.F.R.J.); (T.C.P.-C.); (R.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil;
| | - Rui Curi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-220, Brazil; (C.F.R.J.); (T.C.P.-C.); (R.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Cruzeiro do Sul, São Paulo 01506-000, Brazil;
- Butantan Institute, São Paulo 05585-000, Brazil
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Dou L, Sun L, Liu C, Su L, Chen X, Yang Z, Hu G, Zhang M, Zhao L, Jin Y. Effect of dietary arginine supplementation on protein synthesis, meat quality and flavor in growing lambs. Meat Sci 2023; 204:109291. [PMID: 37523931 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effect of dietary arginine supplementation on protein synthesis, meat quality and flavor in lambs. Eighteen Dorper (♂) × Small Tailed Han sheep (♀) crossed ewe lambs of similar weight (27.29 ± 2.02 kg; aged 3 months) were assigned to two groups, the control group was fed the basal diet (Con group), and the arginine group (Arg group) was supplemented with 1% l-arginine based on the Con group for 90 d. The results suggested that dietary arginine significantly increased final body weight, loin eye muscle area, muscle fiber diameter, cross-sectional area (P < 0.050), and decreased shear force value and cooking loss (P < 0.050), as well as altered the composition and contents of volatile flavor compounds in lambs. Importantly, the total protein (TP) content, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities in serum, branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT), AST, ALT activities and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) gene expression and content were elevated (P < 0.050), while content of urea nitrogen (BUN) in serum and 3-methylhistidine (3-MH) were decreased in arginine fed lambs (P < 0.050). In addition, arginine triggered muscle protein synthesis through protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, while minimized protein degradation by regulating gene expression of myogenin (MyoG), myostatin (MSTN), muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx) and forkhead box O3 family (FoxO3) (P < 0.050). Taken together, this study suggested that arginine can be used to improve protein deposition and meat quality in lamb production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Dou
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lina Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Inner Mongolia Vocational College of Chemical Engineering, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lin Su
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Zhihao Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Guanhua Hu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Min Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Lihua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ye Jin
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Integrative Research Base of Beef and Lamb Processing Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People's Republic of China, Hohhot 010018, China.
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Ling ZN, Jiang YF, Ru JN, Lu JH, Ding B, Wu J. Amino acid metabolism in health and disease. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:345. [PMID: 37699892 PMCID: PMC10497558 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01569-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Amino acids are the building blocks of protein synthesis. They are structural elements and energy sources of cells necessary for normal cell growth, differentiation and function. Amino acid metabolism disorders have been linked with a number of pathological conditions, including metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, immune diseases, and cancer. In the case of tumors, alterations in amino acid metabolism can be used not only as clinical indicators of cancer progression but also as therapeutic strategies. Since the growth and development of tumors depend on the intake of foreign amino acids, more and more studies have targeted the metabolism of tumor-related amino acids to selectively kill tumor cells. Furthermore, immune-related studies have confirmed that amino acid metabolism regulates the function of effector T cells and regulatory T cells, affecting the function of immune cells. Therefore, studying amino acid metabolism associated with disease and identifying targets in amino acid metabolic pathways may be helpful for disease treatment. This article mainly focuses on the research of amino acid metabolism in tumor-oriented diseases, and reviews the research and clinical research progress of metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases and immune-related diseases related to amino acid metabolism, in order to provide theoretical basis for targeted therapy of amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Nan Ling
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Fan Jiang
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Nan Ru
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Hua Lu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Bo Ding
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China
| | - Jian Wu
- Division of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Department of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 79 Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, P.R. China.
- NHC Key Laboratory of Combined Multi-organ Transplantation, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Organ Transplantation, Research Unit of Collaborative Diagnosis and Treatment For Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU019), Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
- Key Laboratory of Organ Transplantation, Research Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, P.R. China.
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9
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Park JB. Effects of 12 weeks of low molecular collagen peptide supplementation on body composition in overweight Korean adults aged 50 years and older.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3016558/v2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
After the age of 50, their muscle mass gradually declines each year, and the lost muscle is often replaced by fat mass. Insufficient protein intake after middle age further accelerates this process. Previous studies that have used collagen as a supplementation, which accounts for about 30% of the body's protein, have combined it with resistance exercise. This study investigated the effects of collagen supplementation on body composition in individuals over the age of 50 (23≤BMI≤32), while maintaining their daily activity levels constant. Participants were assigned to either the collagen group (n=42) or the placebo group(n=42). Collagen supplementation (15g of collagen) and placebo product (xanthan gum) were offered. Bioactive Collagen Peptides, which is a type of low molecular weight collagen extracted from porcine raw materials, was used. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Blood samples were taken for analysis. Physical activities and dietary intake were measured by international physical activity questionnaire and a 3-day food record, respectively. 74 participants in the collagen group (n=37) and placebo group (n=37) were used in the final analysis. Physical activity and dietary intake showed no significant difference between the two groups. The collagen group showed a significant reduction in total body fat mass compared to the placebo group, as evidenced by both BIA (P=0.021) and DEXA (P=0.041) measurements. There were no significant differences in blood measurements between the two groups. Therefore, the intake of collagen supplementation after middle age may be used for preventing age related fat mass accumulation.
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10
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Hodkovicova N, Halas S, Tosnerova K, Stastny K, Svoboda M. The use of functional amino acids in different categories of pigs - A review. VET MED-CZECH 2023; 68:299-312. [PMID: 37982122 PMCID: PMC10646542 DOI: 10.17221/72/2023-vetmed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review deals with a particularly important topic: the use of functional amino acids in different categories of pigs. It is especially relevant in the context of the current efforts to reduce the use of antibiotics in pig farming and the search for possible alternatives to replace them. The review is based on the definition that functional amino acids (FAAs) are classified as dispensable amino acids, but with additional biological functions, i.e., not only are they used for protein formation, but they are also involved in regulating essential metabolic pathways to improve health, survival, growth, and development. We describe the mechanism of action of individual FAAs and their potential use in pigs, including glutamate, glutamine, arginine, branched-chain amino acids (i.e., leucine, isoleucine, and valine), tryptophan and glycine. The work is divided into three parts. The first part deals with the FAAs and their role in the overall health of sows and their offspring. The second part describes the use of functional amino acids in piglets after weaning. Part three examines the use of functional amino acids in growing and fattening pigs and their impact on meat quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Hodkovicova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Simon Halas
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Husbandry, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Kosice, Kosice, Slovak Republic
| | - Kristina Tosnerova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kamil Stastny
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Preventive Medicine, Veterinary Research Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Svoboda
- Ruminant and Swine Clinic, University of Veterinary Sciences Brno, Brno, Czech Republic
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11
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Calvani R, Picca A, Coelho-Júnior HJ, Tosato M, Marzetti E, Landi F. "Diet for the prevention and management of sarcopenia". Metabolism 2023:155637. [PMID: 37352971 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a geriatric condition characterized by a progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, with an increased risk of adverse health outcomes (e.g., falls, disability, institutionalization, reduced quality of life, mortality). Pharmacological remedies are currently unavailable for preventing the development of sarcopenia, halting its progression, or impeding its negative health outcomes. The most effective strategies to contrast sarcopenia rely on the adoption of healthier lifestyle behaviors, including adherence to high-quality diets and regular physical activity. In this review, the role of nutrition in the prevention and management of sarcopenia is summarized. Special attention is given to current "blockbuster" dietary regimes and agents used to counteract age-related muscle wasting, together with their putative mechanisms of action. Issues related to the design and implementation of effective nutritional strategies are discussed, with a focus on unanswered questions on the most appropriate timing of nutritional interventions to preserve muscle health and function into old age. A brief description is also provided on new technologies that can facilitate the development and implementation of personalized nutrition plans to contrast sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, 70100 Casamassima, Italy.
| | - Hélio José Coelho-Júnior
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario "Agostino Gemelli" IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy.
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12
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Park JB. Effects of collagen supplementation on body composition and muscle strength in Korean adults aged 50 years and older.. [DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3016558/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Insufficient protein intake can accelerate the loss of muscle mass as one ages. A decrease in muscle mass leads to an increase in fat mass, creating a vicious cycle that can result in sarcopenic obesity. Previous studies that have used collagen as a supplementation, which accounts for about 30% of the body's protein, have combined it with resistance exercise.
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of collagen supplementation on body composition in individuals over the age of 50, while maintaining their daily activity levels constant.
DESIGN: Double-blind randomized controlled trial
PARTICIPANTS: Participants were assigned to either the collagen group (n=42) or the placebo group(n=42).
MEASUREMENTS: Collagen supplementation (14g of collagen) and placebo product (xanthan gum) were offered to collagen group and placebo group respectively, once a day. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Participants were instructed to maintain their dietary intake and physical activity levels, which were evaluated through a 3-day food record analysis and an international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) analysis, respectively.
RESULTS: 74 participants in the collagen group (n=37) and placebo group (n=37) completed the follow-up, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of physical activity levels. The collagen group showed a significant reduction in total body fat mass compared to the placebo group, as evidenced by both BIA (P=0.021) and DEXA (P=0.041) measurements. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of muscle mass.
Conclusion: From this study, the consumption of collagen supplementation is effective in reducing fat mass, which is significant in preventing sarcopenic obesity after middle age.
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Yao R, Cools A, Matthijs A, Deyn PPD, Maes D, Janssens GPJ. Peculiarities in the Amino Acid Composition of Sow Colostrum and Milk, and Their Potential Relevance to Piglet Development. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040298. [PMID: 37104453 PMCID: PMC10141862 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of mother's milk is considered the ideal diet for neonates. This study investigated how conserved or variable the amino acid profile of sow colostrum and milk is throughout lactation, compared with other studies in sows and other species. Twenty-five sows (parity one to seven) from one farm with gestation lengths of 114 to 116 d were sampled on d 0, 3, and 10 after parturition. The total amino acid profile of the samples was analyzed through ion-exchange chromatography, and the results were displayed as the percentage of total amino acid and compared with literature data. Most of the amino acid concentrations in sow milk decreased significantly (p < 0.05) throughout the lactation period, while the amino acid profile generally showed a conserved pattern, especially from d 3 to d 10, and was rather similar across different studies. Glutamine + glutamate was the most abundant amino acid in milk at all sampling moments, accounting for 14-17% of total amino acids. The proportions of proline, valine, and glycine in sow milk nearly accounted for 11%, 7%, and 6% respectively, and were higher compared to human, cow, and goat milk, while the methionine proportion was less than the other three. Compared to the large variations often reported in macronutrient concentrations, the amino acid profile of sow milk in the present study, as well as in others, seems well conserved across the lactation period. Similarities with characteristic differences were also observed between sow milk and piglet body composition, which might reflect the nutrition requirements of preweaning piglets. This study warrants further research exploring the link between the whole amino acid profile and the particular amino acids for suckling piglets and could facilitate insight for optimizing creep feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Yao
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - An Cools
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Anneleen Matthijs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Peter P De Deyn
- Laboratory of Neurochemistry and Behaviour, Faculty of Pharmaceutical, Biomedical and Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Dominiek Maes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Reproduction and Population Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Geert P J Janssens
- Department of Veterinary and Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
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14
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Influence of mTOR-regulated anabolic pathways on equine skeletal muscle health. J Equine Vet Sci 2023; 124:104281. [PMID: 36905972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2023.104281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle is a highly dynamic organ that is essential for locomotion as well as endocrine regulation in all populations of horses. However, despite the importance of adequate muscle development and maintenance, the mechanisms underlying protein anabolism in horses on different diets, exercise programs, and at different life stages remain obscure. Mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a key component of the protein synthesis pathway and is regulated by biological factors such as insulin and amino acid availability. Providing a diet ample in vital amino acids, such as leucine and glutamine, is essential in activating sensory pathways that recruit mTOR to the lysosome and assist in the translation of important downstream targets. When the diet is well balanced, mitochondrial biogenesis and protein synthesis are activated in response to increased exercise bouts in the performing athlete. It is important to note that the mTOR kinase pathways are multi-faceted and very complex, with several binding partners and targets that lead to specific functions in protein turnover of the cell, and ultimately, the capacity to maintain or grow muscle mass. Further, these pathways are likely altered across the lifespan, with an emphasis of growth in young horses while decreases in musculature with aged horses appears to be attributable to degradation or other regulators of protein synthesis rather than alterations in the mTOR pathway. Previous work has begun to pinpoint ways in which the mTOR pathway is influenced by diet, exercise, and age; however, future research is warranted to quantify the functional outcomes related to changes in mTOR. Promisingly, this could provide direction on appropriate management techniques to support skeletal muscle growth and maximize athletic potential in differing equine populations.
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15
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Hirose S, Waku T, Tani M, Masuda H, Endo K, Ashitani S, Aketa I, Kitano H, Nakada S, Wada A, Hatanaka A, Osawa T, Soga T, Kobayashi A. NRF3 activates mTORC1 arginine-dependently for cancer cell viability. iScience 2023; 26:106045. [PMID: 36818298 PMCID: PMC9932127 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells coordinate the mTORC1 signals and the related metabolic pathways to robustly and rapidly grow in response to nutrient conditions. Although a CNC-family transcription factor NRF3 promotes cancer development, the biological relevance between NRF3 function and mTORC1 signals in cancer cells remains unknown. Hence, we showed that NRF3 contributes to cancer cell viability through mTORC1 activation in response to amino acids, particularly arginine. NRF3 induced SLC38A9 and RagC expression for the arginine-dependent mTORC1 recruitment onto lysosomes, and it also enhanced RAB5-mediated bulk macropinocytosis and SLC7A1-mediated selective transport for arginine loading into lysosomes. Besides, the inhibition of the NRF3-mTORC1 axis impaired mitochondrial function, leading to cancer cell apoptosis. Consistently, the aberrant upregulation of the axis caused tumor growth and poor prognosis. In conclusion, this study sheds light on the unique function of NRF3 in arginine-dependent mTORC1 activation and the pathophysiological aspects of the NRF3-mTORC1 axis in cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuuhei Hirose
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1–3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan,Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
| | - Tsuyoshi Waku
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan,Corresponding author
| | - Misato Tani
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1–3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan
| | - Haruka Masuda
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1–3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan
| | - Keiko Endo
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | - Sanae Ashitani
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | - Iori Aketa
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1–3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan
| | - Hina Kitano
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan
| | - Sota Nakada
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan
| | - Ayaka Wada
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1–3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan
| | - Atsushi Hatanaka
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1–3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Osawa
- Division of Integrative Nutriomics and Oncology, RCAST, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Kakuganji, Tsuruoka 997-0052, Japan
| | - Akira Kobayashi
- Laboratory for Genetic Code, Graduate School of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, 1–3 Miyakodani, Tatara, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan,Laboratory for Genetic Code, Department of Medical Life Systems, Faculty of Life and Medical Sciences, Doshisha University, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610–0394, Japan,Corresponding author
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16
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van der Heijden I, Monteyne AJ, Stephens FB, Wall BT. Alternative dietary protein sources to support healthy and active skeletal muscle aging. Nutr Rev 2023; 81:206-230. [PMID: 35960188 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To mitigate the age-related decline in skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and the associated negative health outcomes, it has been proposed that dietary protein recommendations for older adults should be increased alongside an active lifestyle and/or structured exercise training. Concomitantly, there are growing environmental concerns associated with the production of animal-based dietary protein sources. The question therefore arises as to where this dietary protein required for meeting the protein demands of the rapidly aging global population should (or could) be obtained. Various non-animal-derived protein sources possess favorable sustainability credentials, though much less is known (compared with animal-derived proteins) about their ability to influence muscle anabolism. It is also likely that the anabolic potential of various alternative protein sources varies markedly, with the majority of options remaining to be investigated. The purpose of this review was to thoroughly assess the current evidence base for the utility of alternative protein sources (plants, fungi, insects, algae, and lab-grown "meat") to support muscle anabolism in (active) older adults. The solid existing data portfolio requires considerable expansion to encompass the strategic evaluation of the various types of dietary protein sources. Such data will ultimately be necessary to support desirable alterations and refinements in nutritional guidelines to support healthy and active aging, while concomitantly securing a sustainable food future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ino van der Heijden
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Alistair J Monteyne
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Francis B Stephens
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin T Wall
- Department of Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom
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17
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Wang F, Yin Y, Wang Q, Xie J, Fu C, Guo H, Chen J, Yin Y. Effects of dietary β-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, amino acid composition and muscular antioxidant capacity in Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pig. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2022; 107:878-886. [PMID: 36575591 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
β-alanine has been demonstrated to improve carcass traits and meat quality of animals. However, no research has been found on the effects of dietary β-alanine in the meat quality control of finishing pigs, which are among the research focus. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary β-alanine supplementation on growth performance, meat quality, carnosine content, amino acid composition and muscular antioxidant capacity of Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pigs. The treatments contained a basal diet (control, CON) and a basal diet supplemented with 600 mg/kg β-alanine. Each treatment group consisted of five pens, with five pigs per pen. Results showed that compared with CON, supplemental β-alanine did not affect the final body weight, average daily gain, average daily feed intake and the feed-to-gain ratio of pigs. Dietary β-alanine supplementation tended to increase the pH45 min (p = 0.071) while decreasing the shear force (p = 0.085) and the drip loss (p = 0.091). Moreover, it improved (p < 0.05) the activities of glutathione peroxidase and catalase and lessened (p < 0.05) malondialdehyde concentration. Added β-alanine in diets of finishing pigs could enhance the concentrations of arginine, alanine, and glutamate (p < 0.05) in the longissimus dorsi muscle and tended to raise the levels of cysteine, glycine and anserine (p = 0.060, p = 0.098 and p = 0.091 respectively). Taken together, our results showed that dietary β-alanine supplementation contributed to the improvement of the carcass traits, meat quality and anserine content, the amelioration of muscle antioxidant capacity and the regulation of amino acid composition in Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yexin Yin
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Junyan Xie
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chenxing Fu
- Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Henghua Guo
- Anhui Huaheng Biotechnology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Jiashun Chen
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yulong Yin
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin, China.,Animal Nutritional Genome and Germplasm Innovation Research Center, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Scientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-Central, Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
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18
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Exploring and Identifying Candidate Genes and Genomic Regions Related to Economically Important Traits in Hanwoo Cattle. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:6075-6092. [PMID: 36547075 PMCID: PMC9777506 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44120414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current review was to explore and summarize different studies concerning the detection and characterization of candidate genes and genomic regions associated with economically important traits in Hanwoo beef cattle. Hanwoo cattle, the indigenous premium beef cattle of Korea, were introduced for their marbled fat, tenderness, characteristic flavor, and juiciness. To date, there has been a strong emphasis on the genetic improvement of meat quality and yields, such as backfat thickness (BFT), marbling score (MS), carcass weight (CW), eye muscle area (EMA), and yearling weight (YW), as major selection criteria in Hanwoo breeding programs. Hence, an understanding of the genetics controlling these traits along with precise knowledge of the biological mechanisms underlying the traits would increase the ability of the industry to improve cattle to better meet consumer demands. With the development of high-throughput genotyping, genomewide association studies (GWAS) have allowed the detection of chromosomal regions and candidate genes linked to phenotypes of interest. This is an effective and useful tool for accelerating the efficiency of animal breeding and selection. The GWAS results obtained from the literature review showed that most positional genes associated with carcass and growth traits in Hanwoo are located on chromosomes 6 and 14, among which LCORL, NCAPG, PPARGC1A, ABCG2, FAM110B, FABP4, DGAT1, PLAG1, and TOX are well known. In conclusion, this review study attempted to provide comprehensive information on the identified candidate genes associated with the studied traits and genes enriched in the functional terms and pathways that could serve as a valuable resource for future research in Hanwoo breeding programs.
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Amdi C, Pedersen MLM, Larsen C, Klaaborg J, Williams AR, Madsen JG. Suckling Induces Differential Gut Enzyme Activity and Body Composition Compared to Feeding Milk Replacer in Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223112. [PMID: 36428340 PMCID: PMC9687014 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate differences in growth, hematology, metabolism, small intestine (SI) morphology, and enzyme activity of sow-reared piglets (SOW) compared to artificially reared piglets (MILK) given milk replacers in two different environments. Thirty-six piglets were selected at birth based on their birth weight; eighteen were kept on a commercial farm, another eighteen transferred to an animal research facility for artificial rearing. Differences were observed in enzymatic activity, with a larger amount of sucrase in the SOW compared with MILK group across the SI. SOW piglets also had a body composition with a larger amount of fat, muscle, and bone mass content. Differences in hematology were observed, suggesting environmental influences, biochemistry differences reflective of the diets given, and finally, an increased dry matter (DM) intake in SOW piglets was estimated. No differences were observed in immune function and only small differences in the gut integrity were found between the two groups. It can be concluded that body composition and enzyme activity can be manipulated through dietary intervention and that an increase in DM during lactation is beneficial for gut function. The study warrants further investigation into what this means for the subsequent weaning period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Amdi
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Correspondence:
| | - Marie Louise M. Pedersen
- Pig Research Centre, Danish Agriculture and Food Council, Axeltorv 3, 1609 Copenhagen V, Denmark
| | - Christina Larsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Joanna Klaaborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Andrew R. Williams
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Johannes Gulmann Madsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Grønnegårdsvej 2, 1870 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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20
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Zhou J, Tu J, Wang L, Yang L, Yang G, Zhao S, Zeng X, Qiao S. Free Amino Acid-Enriched Diets Containing Rapidly but Not Slowly Digested Carbohydrate Promote Amino Acid Absorption from Intestine and Net Fluxes across Skeletal Muscle of Pigs. J Nutr 2022; 152:2471-2482. [PMID: 36774113 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxac165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The approach to matching appropriate carbohydrates alongside free amino acids to achieve optimal muscle growth remains unclear. OBJECTIVES We investigated whether the consumption of a diet containing rapidly digested carbohydrate and free amino acids can enhance intestinal absorption and muscular uptake of amino acids in pigs. METHOD Twelve barrows (28 kg; 11 wk old) with catheters installed in the portal vein, mesenteric vein, femoral artery, and femoral vein were randomly assigned to consume 1 of 2 free amino acid-enriched diets (3.34%) containing rapidly [waxy corn starch (WCS)] or slowly [pea starch (PS)] digested carbohydrate for 27 d. Blood was collected to determine the fluxes of plasma glucose and amino acids across the portal vein and the hindlimb muscle. Dietary in vitro carbohydrate digestive rates were also determined. Data were analyzed using repeated-measures (time × group) ANOVA. RESULTS Carbohydrate in vitro cumulative digestibility at 30 and 240 min was 69.00% and 95.25% for WCS and 23.25% and 81.15% for PS, respectively. The animal experiment presented WCS increased individual amino acids (lysine, 0.67 compared with 0.53 mmol/min; threonine, 0.40 compared with 0.29 mmol/min; isoleucine, 0.33 compared with 0.22 mmol/min; glutamate, 0.51 compared with 0.35 mmol/min; and proline, 0.51 compared with 0.27 mmol/min), essential amino acid (EAA; 3.26 compared with 2.65 mmol/min), and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA; 0.86 compared with 0.65 mmol/min) fluxes across the portal vein during 8 h postprandial, as well as individual amino acids (isoleucine, 0.08 compared with 0.02 mmol/min; leucine, 0.06 compared with 0.02 mmol/min; and glutamine, 0.44 compared with 0.25 mmol/min), EAA (0.50 compared with 0.21 mmol/min), and BCAA (0.17 compared with 0.06 mmol/min) net fluxes across the hindlimb muscle during 8 h postprandial compared with PS (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS A diet containing rapidly digested carbohydrate and free amino acids can promote intestinal absorption and net fluxes across hindlimb muscle of amino acids in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jiayu Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lijie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Guangxin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shengjun Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Agriculture Feed Industry Centre, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China; Beijing Bio-feed additives Key Laboratory, Beijing, PR China.
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21
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Oliveira CH, Dias KM, Bernardes RD, Diana TF, Rodrigueiro RJ, Calderano AA, Albino LF. The effects of arginine supplementation through different ratios of arginine:lysine on performance, skin quality and creatine levels of broiler chickens fed diets reduced in protein content. Poult Sci 2022; 101:102148. [PMID: 36152435 PMCID: PMC9508590 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.102148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Two trials were carried out to assess the effects of arginine supplementation through ratios of digestible arginine:lysine on growth performance, skin quality and creatine levels in muscle and serum of broiler chickens fed diets reduced in protein content. A total of 1,540 Cobb500 male chickens were distributed into 7 treatments, with 10 replicates with 22 birds each. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and a control diet was formulated to satisfy broiler nutritional requirements. A basal diet with reduced protein content was formulated to meet broiler nutritional requirements, except for SID Arg levels. The experimental diets were obtained by adding L-arginine to basal diets, meeting 6 different SID Arg:Lys ratios (94, 100, 106, 112, 118, and 124%). Body weight, body weight gain, average daily feed intake, and feed conversion ratio were evaluated from 01 to 21 d old (trial 1) and from 22 to 44 d old (trial 2). At 21 and 44 d, in trials 1 and 2, respectively, birds were slaughtered to assess skin thickness (ST), skin strength (SS), creatine level in muscle (CRM) and serum (CRS). Data were subjected to ANOVA, and treatments were compared to the control group by Dunnett's test (P ≤ 0.05). Regression analyses were performed to model the variables assessed and the ratios of SID Arg:Lys. The SID Arg:Lys ratios did not affect ADFI of broilers in both trials (P > 0.05), whereas it linearly increased the BW, BWG, and ST, in both trials (P < 0.001). The FCR of broilers linearly decreased, in trial 1 (P = 0.038) and trial 2 (P < 0.001). The CRM of birds had a linear effect (P < 0.001) in trial 1, and a quadratic effect (P = 0.001) in trial 2. The CRS and SS of broilers linearly increased, in trial 2 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, increasing SID Arg:Lys ratios in diets reduced CP enhanced growth performance, skin quality and CR levels in muscle and serum of broiler chickens from 01 to 21 and 22 to 44 d old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos H. Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa - MG, Brazil,Corresponding author:
| | - Kelly M.M. Dias
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa - MG, Brazil
| | - Romário D. Bernardes
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa - MG, Brazil
| | - Thiago F. Diana
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa - MG, Brazil
| | | | - Arele A. Calderano
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa - MG, Brazil
| | - Luiz F.T. Albino
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa - MG, Brazil
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22
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Wang X, Xu J, Zeng H, Han Z. Enhancement of BCAT2-Mediated Valine Catabolism Stimulates β-Casein Synthesis via the AMPK-mTOR Signaling Axis in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:9898-9907. [PMID: 35916279 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c03629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Valine, a kind of branched-chain amino acid, plays a regulatory role beyond that of a building block in milk protein synthesis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism through which valine stimulates β-casein synthesis has not been clarified. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the effect of valine on β-casein synthesis and shed light into the molecular mechanism using an in vitro model. Results showed that valine supplementation significantly increased β-casein synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). Meanwhile, the supplementation of valine resulted in high levels of branched-chain aminotransferase transaminase 2 (BCAT2), TCA-cycle intermediate metabolites, and ATP, AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibition, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. Furthermore, the inhibition of BCAT2 decreased the β-casein synthesis and downregulated the AMPK-mTOR pathway, with similar results observed for AMPK activation. Together, the present data indicate that valine promotes the synthesis of β-casein by affecting the AMPK-mTOR signaling axis and that BCAT2-mediated valine catabolism is the key target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinling Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hanfang Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Zhaoyu Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
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23
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Kang K, Zhou N, Peng W, Peng F, Ma M, Li L, Fu F, Xiang S, Zhang H, He X, Song Z. Multi-Omics Analysis of the Microbiome and Metabolome Reveals the Relationship Between the Gut Microbiota and Wooden Breast Myopathy in Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:922516. [PMID: 35812872 PMCID: PMC9260154 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.922516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wooden breast (WB) is a widely prevalent myopathy in broiler chickens. However, the role of the gut microbiota in this myopathy remains largely unknown, in particular the regulatory effect of gut microbiota in the modulation of muscle metabolism. Totally, 300 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were raised until 49 days and euthanized, and the breast filets were classified as normal (NORM), mild (MILD), or severe wooden breast (SEV). Birds with WB comprised 27.02% of the individuals. Severe WB filets had a greater L* value, a* value, and dripping loss but a lower pH (P < 0.05). WB filets had abundant myofiber fragmentation, with a lower average myofiber caliber and more fibers with a diameter of <20 μm (P < 0.05). The diversity of the intestinal microflora was decreased in birds with severe WB, with decreases in Chao 1, and observed species indices. At the phylum level, birds with severe WB had a lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio (P = 0.098) and a decreased abundance of Verrucomicrobia (P < 0.05). At the species level, gut microbiota were positively correlated with 131 digesta metabolites in pathways of glutamine and glutamate metabolism and arginine biosynthesis but were negatively correlated with 30 metabolites in the pathway of tyrosine metabolism. In plasma, WB induced five differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs), including anserine and choline, which were related to the severity of the WB lesion. The microbial-derived metabolites, including guanidoacetic acid, antiarol, and (2E)-decenoyl-ACP, which entered into plasma were related to meat quality traits and myofiber traits. In summary, WB filets differed in gut microbiota, digesta, and plasma metabolites. Gut microbiota respond to the wooden breast myopathy by driving dynamic changes in digesta metabolites that eventually enter the plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelang Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Nanxuan Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Weishi Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Fang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Mengmeng Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Liwei Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Fuyi Fu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Shuhan Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
| | - Haihan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Xi He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
| | - Zehe Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Ministry of Education Engineering Research Center of Feed Safety and Efficient Use, Changsha, China
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Poultry Production Safety, Changsha, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Animal Production Safety, Changsha, China
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24
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Rezaei R, Gabriel AS, Wu G. Dietary supplementation with branched-chain amino acids enhances milk production by lactating sows and the growth of suckling piglets. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2022; 13:65. [PMID: 35710489 PMCID: PMC9205058 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-022-00718-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Under current dietary regimens, milk production by lactating sows is insufficient to sustain the maximal growth of their piglets. As precursors of glutamate and glutamine as well as substrates and activators of protein synthesis, branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) have great potential for enhancing milk production by sows. Methods Thirty multiparous sows were assigned randomly into one of three groups: control (a corn- and soybean meal-based diet), the basal diet + 1.535% BCAAs; and the basal diet + 3.07% BCAAs. The ratio (g/g) among the supplemental L-isoleucine, L-leucine and L-valine was 1.00:2.56:1.23. Diets were made isonitrogenous by the addition of appropriate amounts of L-alanine. Lactating sows had free access to drinking water and their respective diets. The number of live-born piglets was standardized to 9 per sow at d 0 of lactation (the day of parturition). On d 3, 15 and 29 of lactation, body weights and milk consumption of piglets were measured, and blood samples were obtained from sows and piglets 2 h and 1 h after feeding and nursing, respectively. Results Feed intake did not differ among the three groups of sows. Concentrations of asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, citrulline, arginine, proline, BCAAs, and many other amino acids were greater (P < 0.05) in the plasma of BCAA-supplemented sows and their piglets than those in the control group. Compared with the control, dietary supplementation with 1.535% and 3.07% BCAAs increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of free and protein-bound BCAAs, glutamate plus glutamine, aspartate plus asparagine, and many other amino acids in milk; milk production by 14% and 21%, respectively; daily weight gains of piglets by 19% and 28%, respectively, while reducing preweaning mortality rates by 50% and 70%, respectively. Conclusion Dietary supplementation with up to 3.07% BCAAs enhanced milk production by lactating sows, and the growth and survival of their piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Rezaei
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Ana San Gabriel
- Ajinomoto Co., Inc, 1-15-1 Kyobashi, Chuoku, Tokyo, 104-8315, Japan
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
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25
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Lu C, Tang R, Su M, Zou J, Lu L. Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species Is Necessary for Efficient Onset of Cyprinid Herpesvirus 2 Replication: Implications for Novel Antiviral Strategy With Antioxidants. Front Microbiol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.792655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) has caused great economic loss to the crucian carp breeding industry. Upon viral stimulation, eukaryotic cells generally activate the expression of anti-oxidative genes to maintain the intracellular oxidative balance and resist viral infection. Here, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in CyHV-2-infected cells were monitored to show that CyHV-2 induced the increase of intracellular ROS during early infection, and intracellular excessive accumulation of ROS was ameliorated during late infection, which was accompanied by activated expression of genes related to Nrf2 signaling pathway. In order to explore the interaction between CyHV-2 infection and ROS production, RyuF-2 cells were treated with either antioxidant epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) or berberine hydrochloride (BBH) and then infected with CyHV-2. Both BBH and EGCG could effectively inhibit the amplification of CyHV-2 while inhibiting the accumulation of intracellular ROS. Consistent with this, the oxidant stress-related genes were up-regulated by CyHV-2 infection and down-regulated in cells treated with either BBH or EGCG, through which the production of intracellular ROS was modulated. These results collectively demonstrated that early ROS accumulation favored the replication of CyHV-2, while antioxidants (BBH and EGCG) could inhibit the amplification of CyHV-2 by inhibiting ROS induction.
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26
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Kido K, Koshinaka K, Iizawa H, Honda H, Hirota A, Nakamura T, Arikawa M, Ra SG, Kawanaka K. Egg White Protein Promotes Developmental Growth in Rodent Muscle Independently of Leucine Content. J Nutr 2022; 152:117-129. [PMID: 34610138 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leucine has unique anabolic properties, serving as a nutrient signal that stimulates muscle protein synthesis. OBJECTIVE We tested whether the leucine concentration is the only factor determining protein quality for muscle development. METHODS We selected 3 dietary proteins: casein (CAS), egg white protein (EWP), and albumin (ALB), representing the leucine concentrations of ∼8.3%, 7.7%, and 6.7% of the total protein (wt:wt), respectively. In the chronic feeding experiment, these proteins were pair-fed to growing male Wistar rats [110-135 g body weight (BW)] for 14 d as a protein source, providing 10% of total energy intake, after which soleus and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles were used to estimate muscle growth. In the acute administration experiment, we injected CAS, ALB, and EWP to rats by oral gavage (0.3 g protein/100 g BW), and after 1 or 3 h EDL muscle was excised for capillary electrophoresis-MS-based metabolomics. In another chronic feeding experiment, rats were pair-fed either CAS or a CAS diet supplemented with arginine to the same level as in the EWP diet for 14 d. RESULTS At the end of the 14-d feeding, soleus and EDL muscle weight was 20% and 17% higher, respectively, when rats were fed EWP as compared with CAS (P < 0.05). In addition, the 14-d EWP diet increased the expression of p70S6K by 117% compared with CAS (P < 0.05). These results suggest the possibility that some amino acids (excluding leucine), derived from EWP, promote muscle growth. Metabolomics analysis showed that muscle arginine concentration, following acute protein administration, appeared to match muscle growth over the 14-d feeding period. In addition, 14-d arginine supplementation to a CAS diet increased EDL muscle weight by 15% when compared with the plain CAS diet (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EWP promotes rat developmental muscle growth compared with CAS, which can be partly explained by the arginine-rich EWP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Kido
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Koshinaka
- Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata, Japan
| | - Hiroki Iizawa
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Honda
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ayumu Hirota
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taishi Nakamura
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Miku Arikawa
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Song-Gyu Ra
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokushima University, Tokushima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Kawanaka
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Institute for Physical Activity, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Effects of Inclusion of N-Carbamylglutamate in the Non-Protein Diet on Growth and Slaughter Performance, Meat Quality, Nitrogen Metabolism and Antioxidant of Holstein Bulls. Animals (Basel) 2021; 12:ani12010033. [PMID: 35011139 PMCID: PMC8749524 DOI: 10.3390/ani12010033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Using dietary non-protein nitrogen is an effective way to decrease the dependence on protein resources in cattle production. N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) is a structural analogue of N-acetylglutamate (NAG), which is a precursor of endogenous Arg synthesis. NCG improves urea cycling and enhances the endogenous synthesis of Arg, nitric oxide synthase and NO. The present study showed that beef benefited from being fed NCG product in the urea diet by enhancing its growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen metabolism and plasma amino acids. Abstract The objectives of this experiment were to investigate the effects of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen utilization, plasma antioxidant and amino acids of Holstein bulls. In this case, 24 Holstein bulls (490 ± 29.0 kg of body weights and 540 ± 6.1 d of age) were blocked by body weights and age and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups: (1) CON group: bulls were fed the control diet, (2) CON + NCG group: bulls were fed the control diet with 40 mg/kg BW NCG, (3) Urea group: bulls were fed the urea diet, and (4) Urea + NCG group: bulls were fed the urea diet with 40 mg/kg BW NCG. Feeding NCG significantly improved ADG, FCR, DM and CP digestibility, carcass weight, slaughter weight, DOP, eye muscle area, shear force (p = 0.001) and reduced L* of color, drip loss and cooking loss. Concurrently, feeding the urea diet induced a decreased ADG, carcass weight and slaughter weight, DOP, eye muscle area and shear force. NCG decreased contents of fecal N and urinary N, plasma urea in bulls and ammonia but increased N retention and utilization, plasma NO, plasma Arg, Leu, Ile and Tyr. On the other hand, feeding the urea diet increased urinary N, plasma urea and ammonia. Thus the study efficiently demonstrates that beef benefited from being fed a NCG product in the urea diet by enhancing its growth and slaughter performance, meat quality, nitrogen metabolism and plasma amino acids.
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28
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Rodrigues GDA, Júnior DTV, Soares MH, da Silva CB, Fialho FA, Barbosa LMDR, Neves MM, Rocha GC, Duarte MDS, Saraiva A. L-Arginine Supplementation for Nulliparous Sows during the Last Third of Gestation. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11123476. [PMID: 34944251 PMCID: PMC8698042 DOI: 10.3390/ani11123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of L-arginine supplementation during the last third of gestation on molecular mechanisms related to skeletal muscle development of piglets and litter traits at birth. Twenty-three nulliparous sows averaging 205.37 ± 11.50 kg of body weight were randomly assigned to the following experimental treatments: control (CON), where pregnant sows were fed diets to meet their nutritional requirements; arginine (ARG), where sows where fed CON + 1.0% L-arginine. Skeletal muscle from piglets born from sows from ARG group had greater mRNA expression of MYOD (p = 0.043) and MYOG (p ≤ 0.01), and tended to present greater mRNA expression (p = 0.06) of IGF-2 gene compared to those born from CON sows. However, there were no differences (p > 0.05) in the histomorphometric variables of fetuses' skeletal muscle. The total weight of born piglets, total weight of born alive piglets, piglet weight at birth, coefficient of variation of birth weight, and the incidence of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) piglets did not differ between groups. No stillborn piglets (p < 0.01) were verified in the ARG sows compared to CON group. The blood levels of estradiol (p = 0.035) and urea (p = 0.03) were higher in ARG sows compared to those from the CON group. In summary, our data show that arginine supplementation of nulliparous sows at late gestation enhance mRNA expression of key myogenic regulatory factors, which likely contribute to improve animal growth rates in later stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Amorim Rodrigues
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Dante Teixeira Valente Júnior
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Marcos Henrique Soares
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Caroline Brito da Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Abranches Fialho
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Lívia Maria dos Reis Barbosa
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
| | - Mariana Machado Neves
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Cipriano Rocha
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Alysson Saraiva
- Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil; (G.d.A.R.); (D.T.V.J.); (M.H.S.); (C.B.d.S.); (F.A.F.); (L.M.d.R.B.); (M.M.N.); (G.C.R.)
- Muscle Biology and Nutrigenomics Laboratory, Department of Animal Sciences, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Ingerslev AK, Rasmussen L, Zhou P, Nørgaard JV, Theil PK, Jensen SK, Lærke HN. Effects of dairy and plant protein on growth and growth biomarkers in a piglet model. Food Funct 2021; 12:11625-11640. [PMID: 34724015 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The increasing world population with improved living conditions has increased the demand for food protein. This has intensified the search for sustainable alternative plant-derived high-quality protein sources for human nutrition. To study the effect of plant and milk proteins on growth in weaned pigs as a model for humans, 96 weaned pigs were divided into 48 pens and fed one of 4 different diets for 3 weeks. The dietary protein originated from either 50% rice + 50% 00-rapeseed protein (RICE + RAPE), 50% milk protein (MPC) + 50% 00-rapeseed protein (MPC + RAPE), 50% milk + 50% rice protein (MPC + RICE), or 100% MPC, and were supplemented with crystalline amino acids to meet the amino acid requirements. Weekly feed intake and body weights were recorded and after 3 weeks, a blood sample was taken 1 hour after a fixed meal, while organ weights were measured, and liver- and muscle tissue, and bone samples were collected at euthanasia. All pigs had a high daily gain and a low feed-to-gain ratio (F : G, feed intake per kg weight gain), but feed intake and daily gain was lowest and F : G highest in the RICE + RAPE diet. Metacarpal bones were longer and heavier in MPC + RICE and MPC fed pigs compared to pigs fed diet RICE + RAPE (P < 0.05), and intermediate in MPC + RAPE fed pigs, with no differences in bone thickness (P > 0.05). Plasma levels of all essential amino acids except Cys and Lys decreased markedly when fed a diet containing only plant protein. The differences were not associated with differences in plasma insulin or IGF-1, nor in the abundance of mRNA related to growth in liver and longissimus dorsi muscle. In conclusion, the growth of piglets fed a combination of milk and rice protein did not differ from the pure dairy-based diet, whereas the pure plant-based diet consisting of rice and rapeseed protein led to reduced growth. This was most likely caused by a lower feed intake and a lower than expected amino acid digestibility of the 00-rapeseed protein. There were no indications that the milk protein, beyond a favourable amino acid composition and high digestibility, specifically stimulated growth factors or other biomarkers of growth via the IGF-1 and insulin signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Rasmussen
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Pan Zhou
- Department of Animal Science, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark.
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Functional Amino Acids and Autophagy: Diverse Signal Transduction and Application. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111427. [PMID: 34768858 PMCID: PMC8592284 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional amino acids provide great potential for treating autophagy-related diseases by regulating autophagy. The purpose of the autophagy process is to remove unwanted cellular contents and to recycle nutrients, which is controlled by many factors. Disordered autophagy has been reported to be associated with various diseases, such as cancer, neurodegeneration, aging, and obesity. Autophagy cannot be directly controlled and dynamic amino acid levels are sufficient to regulate autophagy. To date, arginine, leucine, glutamine, and methionine are widely reported functional amino acids that regulate autophagy. As a signal relay station, mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) turns various amino acid signals into autophagy signaling pathways for functional amino acids. Deficiency or supplementation of functional amino acids can immediately regulate autophagy and is associated with autophagy-related disease. This review summarizes the mechanisms currently involved in autophagy and amino acid sensing, diverse signal transduction among functional amino acids and autophagy, and the therapeutic appeal of amino acids to autophagy-related diseases. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of amino acid regulation of autophagy and the role of functional amino acids in clinical autophagy-related diseases and to further convert these mechanisms into feasible therapeutic applications.
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Arginine Regulates TOR Signaling Pathway through SLC38A9 in Abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102552. [PMID: 34685533 PMCID: PMC8534056 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine plays an important role in the regulation of the target of the rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway, and Solute Carrier Family 38 Member 9 (SLC38A9) was identified to participate in the amino acid-dependent activation of TOR in humans. However, the regulations of arginine on the TOR signaling pathway in abalone are still unclear. In this study, slc38a9 of abalone was cloned, and the slc38a9 was knocked down and overexpressed to explore its function in the regulation of the TOR signaling pathway. The results showed that knockdown of slc38a9 decreased the expression of tor, ribosomal s6 protein kinase (s6k) and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e (eif4e) and inhibited the activation of the TOR signaling pathway by arginine. Overexpression of slc38a9 up-regulated the expression of TOR-related genes. In addition, hemocytes of abalone were treated with 0, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mmol/L of arginine, and abalones were fed diets with 1.17%, 1.68% and 3.43% of arginine, respectively, for 120 days. Supplementation of arginine (0.5–4 mmol/L) increased the expressions of slc38a9, tor, s6k and eif4e in hemocytes, and abalone fed with 1.68% of dietary arginine showed higher mRNA levels of slc38a9, tor, s6k and eif4e and phosphorylation levels of TOR, S6 and 4E-BP. In conclusion, the TOR signaling pathway of abalone can be regulated by arginine, and SLC38A9 plays an essential role in this regulation.
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Suryawan A, El-Kadi SW, Nguyen HV, Fiorotto ML, Davis TA. Intermittent Bolus Compared With Continuous Feeding Enhances Insulin and Amino Acid Signaling to Translation Initiation in Skeletal Muscle of Neonatal Pigs. J Nutr 2021; 151:2636-2645. [PMID: 34159368 PMCID: PMC8417931 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition administered as intermittent bolus feeds rather than continuously promotes greater protein synthesis rates in skeletal muscle and enhances lean growth in a neonatal piglet model. The molecular mechanisms responsible remain unclear. OBJECTIVES We aimed to identify the insulin- and/or amino acid-signaling components involved in the enhanced stimulation of skeletal muscle by intermittent bolus compared to continuous feeding in neonatal pigs born at term. METHODS Term piglets (2-3 days old) were fed equal amounts of sow milk replacer [12.8 g protein and 155 kcal/(kg body weight · d)] by orogastric tube as intermittent bolus meals every 4 hours (INT) or by continuous infusion (CTS). After 21 days, gastrocnemius muscle samples were collected from CTS, INT-0 (before a meal), and INT-60 (60 minutes after a meal) groups (n = 6/group). Insulin- and amino acid-signaling components relevant to mechanistic target of rapamycin complex (mTORC) 1 activation and protein translation were measured. RESULTS Phosphorylation of the insulin receptor, IRS-1, PDK1, mTORC2, pan-Akt, Akt1, Akt2, and TSC2 was 106% to 273% higher in the skeletal muscle of INT-60 piglets than in INT-0 and CTS piglets (P < 0.05), but phosphorylation of PTEN, PP2A, Akt3, ERK1/2, and AMPK did not differ among groups, nor did abundances of PHLPP, SHIP2, and Ubl4A. The association of GATOR2 with Sestrin1/2, but not CASTOR1, was 51% to 52% lower in INT-60 piglets than in INT-0 and CTS piglets (P < 0.05), but the abundances of SLC7A5/LAT1, SLC38A2/SNAT2, SLC38A9, Lamtor1/2, and V-ATPase did not differ. Associations of mTOR with RagA, RagC, and Rheb and phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4EBP1, but not eIF2α and eEF2, were 101% to 176% higher in INT-60 piglets than in INT-0 and CTS piglets (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The enhanced rates of muscle protein synthesis and growth with intermittent bolus compared to continuous feeding in a neonatal piglet model can be explained by enhanced activation of both the insulin- and amino acid-signaling pathways that regulate translation initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Suryawan
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Samer W El-Kadi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Hanh V Nguyen
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marta L Fiorotto
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Teresa A Davis
- USDA/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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Amino Acids in Autophagy: Regulation and Function. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1332:51-66. [PMID: 34251638 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-74180-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a dynamic process in which the eukaryotic cells break down intracellular components by lysosomal degradation. Under the normal condition, the basal level of autophagy removes damaged organelles, misfolded proteins, or protein aggregates to keep cells in a homeostatic condition. Deprivation of nutrients (e.g., removal of amino acids) stimulates autophagy activity, promoting lysosomal degradation and the recycling of cellular components for cell survival. Importantly, insulin and amino acids are two main inhibitors of autophagy. They both activate the mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway to inhibit the autophagy upstream of the uncoordinated-51 like kinase 1/2 (ULK1/2) complex that triggers autophagosome formation. In particular, insulin activates mTORC1 via the PI3K class I-AKT pathway; while amino acids activate mTORC1 either through the PI3K class III (hVps34) pathway or through a variety of amino acid sensors located in the cytosol or lysosomal membrane. These amino acid sensors control the translocation of mTORC1 from the cytosol to the lysosomal surface where mTORC1 is activated by Rheb GTPase, therefore regulating autophagy and the lysosomal protein degradation.
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Liu J, Zhou J, Li J, Bao H. Identification of candidate genes associated with slaughter traits in F2 chicken population using genome-wide association study. Anim Genet 2021; 52:532-535. [PMID: 34028062 DOI: 10.1111/age.13079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Slaughter traits are crucial economic traits of chickens. We performed a GWAS to discover critical loci and candidate genes for 21 slaughter traits in an F2 chicken population resulting from crossing Luxi gamecocks and recessive white feather broilers. We found some SNPs and genes which were significantly associated with keel length, head length, body slope length, bilateral leg weight without shin, bilateral foot weight, subcutaneous fat thickness, heart weight, muscular stomach weight and glandular stomach weight. This study provides references for further investigation of slaughter traits and molecular breeding in chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - J Zhou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - J Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - H Bao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, Beijing Key Laboratory of Animal Genetic Improvement, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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Che D, Nyingwa PS, Ralinala KM, Maswanganye GMT, Wu G. Amino Acids in the Nutrition, Metabolism, and Health of Domestic Cats. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1285:217-231. [PMID: 33770409 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54462-1_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Domestic cats (carnivores) require high amounts of dietary amino acids (AAs) for normal growth, development, and reproduction. Amino acids had been traditionally categorised as nutritionally essential (EAAs) or nonessential (NEAAs), depending on whether they are synthesized de novo in the body. This review will focus on AA nutrition and metabolism in cats. Like other mammals, cats do not synthesize the carbon skeletons of twelve proteinogenic AAs: Arg, Cys, His, Ile, Leu, Lys, Met, Phe, Thr, Trp, Tyr, and Val. Like other feline carnivores but unlike many mammals, cats do not synthesize citrulline and have a very limited ability to produce taurine from Cys. Except for Leu and Lys that are strictly ketogenic AAs, most EAAs are both glucogenic and ketogenic AAs. All the EAAs (including taurine) must be provided in diets for cats. These animals are sensitive to dietary deficiencies of Arg and taurine, which rapidly result in life-threatening hyperammonemia and retinal damage, respectively. Although the National Research Council (NCR, Nutrient requirements of dogs and cats. National Academies Press, Washington, DC, 2006) does not recommend dietary requirements of cats for NEAAs, much attention should be directed to this critical issue of nutrition. Cats can synthesize de novo eight proteinogenic AAs: Ala, Asn, Asp, Gln, Glu, Gly, Pro, and Ser, as well as some nonproteinogenic AAs, such as γ-aminobutyrate, ornithine, and β-alanine with important physiological functions. Some of these AAs (e.g., Gln, Glu, Pro, and Gly) are crucial for intestinal integrity and health. Except for Gln, AAs in the arterial blood of cats may not be available to the mucosa of the small intestine. Plant-source foodstuffs lack taurine and generally contain inadequate Met and Cys and, therefore, should not be fed to cats in any age group. Besides meat, animal-source foodstuffs (including ruminant meat & bone meal, poultry by-product meal, porcine mucosal protein, and chicken visceral digest) are good sources of proteinogenic AAs and taurine for cats. Meeting dietary requirements for both EAAs and NEAAs in proper amounts and balances is crucial for improving the health, wellbeing, longevity, and reproduction of cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Che
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, and Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Pakama S Nyingwa
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, and Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Khakhathi M Ralinala
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, and Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Gwen M T Maswanganye
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, and Key Laboratory of Animal Production, Product Quality and Security of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
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Lachica M, Rojas-Cano M, Lara L, Haro A, Fernández-Fígares I. Net portal appearance of proteinogenic amino acids in Iberian pigs fed betaine and conjugated linoleic acid supplemented diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hussain T, Tan B, Murtaza G, Metwally E, Yang H, Kalhoro MS, Kalhoro DH, Chughtai MI, Yin Y. Role of Dietary Amino Acids and Nutrient Sensing System in Pregnancy Associated Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:586979. [PMID: 33414718 PMCID: PMC7783402 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.586979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective implantation is related to pregnancy-associated disorders such as spontaneous miscarriage, intrauterine fetal growth restriction and others. Several factors proclaimed to be involved such as physiological, nutritional, environmental and managemental that leads to cause oxidative stress. Overloading of free radicals promotes oxidative stress, and the internal body system could not combat its ability to encounter the damaging effects and subsequently leading to pregnancy-related disorders. During pregnancy, essential amino acids display important role for optimum fetal growth and other necessary functions for continuing fruitful pregnancy. In this context, dietary amino acids have received much attention regarding the nutritional concerns during pregnancy. Arginine, glutamine, tryptophan and taurine play a crucial role in fetal growth, development and survival while ornithine and proline are important players for the regulation of gene expression, protein synthesis and angiogenesis. Moreover, amino acids also stimulate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway which plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins in placenta, uterus and fetus. This review article explores the significances of dietary amino acids in pregnancy development, regulation of nutrient-sensing pathways such as mTOR, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), insulin/insulin-like growth factor signaling pathway (IIS) and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) which exhibit important role in reproduction and its related problems. In addition, the antioxidant function of dietary amino acids against oxidative stress triggering pregnancy disorders and their possible outcomes will also be enlightened. Dietary supplementation of amino acids during pregnancy could help mitigate reproductive disorders and thereby improving fertility in animals as well as humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarique Hussain
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C,PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bie Tan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Ghulam Murtaza
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Elsayed Metwally
- Department of Cytology & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Huansheng Yang
- Hunan International Joint laboratory of Animal Intestinal Ecology and Health, Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Human Health, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro
- Department of Animal Products Technology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agriculture University, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ismail Chughtai
- Animal Sciences Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIAB-C,PIEAS), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yulong Yin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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Zhao Y, Albrecht E, Sciascia QL, Li Z, Görs S, Schregel J, Metges CC, Maak S. Effects of Oral Glutamine Supplementation on Early Postnatal Muscle Morphology in Low and Normal Birth Weight Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E1976. [PMID: 33126436 PMCID: PMC7692811 DOI: 10.3390/ani10111976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Adapted nutrition can improve the growth of low birth weight (LBW) piglets. Since maternal milk is thought to provide insufficient glutamine (Gln) for LBW piglets, the current study investigated the influence of Gln supplementation during the early suckling period on development and lipid deposition in skeletal muscle. The weight differences between LBW and normal birth weight (NBW) littermates persisted from birth to slaughter (p < 0.001). However, intramuscular Gln and Ala concentrations were altered in piglets according to the supplementation (p < 0.01). There were larger muscle fibers (p = 0.048) in Gln-supplemented piglets. Capillarization or nuclei number per muscle fiber was not influenced by birth weight (BiW) or Gln supplementation. Abundance of myosin heavy chain (MYH) isoforms was slightly altered by Gln supplementation. LBW piglets had more lipid droplets than NBW piglets at day 5 of life in both muscles (p < 0.01). The differences decreased with age. Adipocyte development increased with age, but was not influenced by BiW or supplementation. The results indicate that BiW differences were accompanied by differences in lipid deposition and muscle fiber structure, suggesting a delayed development in LBW piglets. Supplementation with Gln may support piglets to overcome those disadvantages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaolu Zhao
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Y.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Elke Albrecht
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Y.Z.); (S.M.)
| | - Quentin L. Sciascia
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (Z.L.); (S.G.); (J.S.); (C.C.M.)
| | - Zeyang Li
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (Z.L.); (S.G.); (J.S.); (C.C.M.)
| | - Solvig Görs
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (Z.L.); (S.G.); (J.S.); (C.C.M.)
| | - Johannes Schregel
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (Z.L.); (S.G.); (J.S.); (C.C.M.)
| | - Cornelia C. Metges
- Institute of Nutritional Physiology “Oskar Kellner”, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Q.L.S.); (Z.L.); (S.G.); (J.S.); (C.C.M.)
| | - Steffen Maak
- Institute of Muscle Biology and Growth, Leibniz Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), 18196 Dummerstorf, Germany; (Y.Z.); (S.M.)
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Khatun J, Loh TC, Foo HL, Akit H, Khan KI. Growth Performance, Cytokine Expression, and Immune Responses of Broiler Chickens Fed a Dietary Palm Oil and Sunflower Oil Blend Supplemented With L-Arginine and Varying Concentrations of Vitamin E. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:619. [PMID: 33195499 PMCID: PMC7594519 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study set out to examine the combined effects of the supplementation of a dietary palm oil (PO) and sunflower oil (SO) blend, 0. 25% L-Arginine (L-Arg), and different levels of vitamin E (Vit E) on growth performance, fat deposition, cytokine expression, and immune response in broilers. A total of 216 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb500) were randomly distributed into six dietary groups as follows: Diet 1: 6% palm oil (negative control); Diet 2: PO and SO blend (4% palm oil and 2% sunflower oil) + 0.25% L-Arg (positive control); Diet 3: (PO and SO blend + 0.25% L-Arg) + 20 mg/kg Vit E; Diet 4: (PO and SO blend + 0.25% L-Arg) + 50 mg/kg Vit E; Diet 5: (PO and SO blend + 0.25% L-Arg) + 100 mg/kg Vit E; and Diet 6: (PO and SO blend + 0.25% L-Arg) + 150 mg/kg Vit E. Weight gain and serum IgG and IgM increased while feed conversion ratio, fat deposition, and plasma cholesterol decreased in broilers fed Vit E with the oil blend and L-Arg, compared to those fed the negative control (Diet 1). Expression of IFN and TNF-α were reduced, whereas TGF-ß1 was up-regulated as the level of Vit E increased in the broiler diets. In summary, the combination of oil blend, L-Arg, and Vit E at a level of 50 mg/kg increased the performance and altered the expression of cytokines that may positively influence immune function in broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannatara Khatun
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Animal Science and Nutrition, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Teck Chwen Loh
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Hooi Ling Foo
- Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Henny Akit
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Kabirul I Khan
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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Gandra JR, Pedrini CA, Cônsolo NRB, Acosta AP, Seno LO, Barbosa LCGS, Noia IZ, Buarque VLM, Padilla ARH, Colnago LA, Gandra ERS. Metabolome fingerprints, performance and carcass quality of beef calves supplemented with antibiotic free additive. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:710-722. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1828095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jefferson R. Gandra
- Instituto de Estudos em Desenvolvimento Agrário e Regional, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá-PA, Brazil
| | - Cibeli A. Pedrini
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Nara R. B. Cônsolo
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson P. Acosta
- Postgraduate Program in Sustainable Production and Animal Health, Center for Agrarian Sciences, State University of Maringá, Umuarama, Brazil
| | - Leonardo O. Seno
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Luis C. G. S. Barbosa
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabelle Z. Noia
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados, MS, Brazil
| | - Vicente L. M. Buarque
- Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Science and Food Engineering, Universidade of São Paulo, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Erika R. S. Gandra
- Instituto de Estudos em Desenvolvimento Agrário e Regional, Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará, Marabá-PA, Brazil
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41
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Wang Y, Han S, Zhou J, Li P, Wang G, Yu H, Cai S, Zeng X, Johnston LJ, Levesque CL, Qiao S. Effects of dietary crude protein level and N-carbamylglutamate supplementation on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity of jejunum in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5810962. [PMID: 32201878 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Three experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of dietary crude protein (CP) level and N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation on apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) and ileal digestibility of nutrients and digestive enzyme activity of jejunum in growing pigs. In experiment 1, 10 Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows (initial BW: 48.7 kg) were allotted to a three-period switchback design with five experimental diets and two replicate pigs per diet in each period. Diets were categorized as high CP (HP, 18% CP), moderate low CP (MLP, 15% CP), very low CP (VLP, 12% CP), and MLP and VLP with 0.1% NCG supplementation. Feces and urine were collected from day 6 to day 11 after a 5-d adaptation period. The DE, ME, and ATTD of GE, OM, CP, NDF, ADF, and P decreased (P < 0.01) with a reduction of dietary CP, but no effect of dietary treatments on pig daily N retention was detected. The NCG supplementation increased (P < 0.01) DE and ATTD of ADF of the VLP diet. In experiment 2, 10 jejunal-cannulated Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows (initial BW: 44.5 kg) were fed five diets for three periods as experiment 1. Jejunal fluid was collected on days 6 and 8 after a 5-d adaptation period. The digestive enzymes activity was not affected by dietary CP level, except for α-amylase, for which there was a decrease (P < 0.01) in pigs fed VLP diets compared to HP and MLP diets. In experiment 3, 12 ileal-cannulated Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire barrows (initial BW: 46.7 kg) were allotted to a three-period switchback design with six diets and two replicate pigs per diet in each period. The six experimental diets consisted of five experimental diets as experiment 1 and one N-free diet. Ileal digesta was collected from day 6 to day 8 after a 5-d adaptation period. Results indicated that apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of CP and P and ileal digestibility of Arg, His, Ile, Leu, Phe, and all dispensable AA, except Pro, decreased (P < 0.01) in pigs fed VLP diet compared to HP and MLP diets, but AID of GE, OM, EE, NDF, and ADF were not affected. The supplementation of NCG in the VLP diet increased (P < 0.01) the AID of CP and ileal digestibility of Arg, His, Leu, Phe, Val, Ser, and Tyr. In conclusion, reducing dietary CP level decreased nutrient digestibility, but improved the efficiency of dietary N utilization and reduced N emission. Moderate reduction of dietary CP level had a minimal effect on nutrient digestibility and digestive enzyme activity. Additionally, NCG supplementation plays a beneficial effect on nutrient digestion only if the dietary CP level is extremely lowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuming Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Health Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaijuan Han
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Health Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, China
| | - Junyan Zhou
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Health Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peili Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Health Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Health Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Haitao Yu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Health Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Cai
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Health Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangfang Zeng
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Health Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lee J Johnston
- West Central Research and Outreach Center, University of Minnesota, Morris, MN
| | - Crystal L Levesque
- Department of Animal Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD
| | - Shiyan Qiao
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Health Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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42
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Prenatal Amino Acid Supplementation to Improve Fetal Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12092535. [PMID: 32825593 PMCID: PMC7551332 DOI: 10.3390/nu12092535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant fetal growth remains a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality and is associated with a risk of developing non-communicable diseases later in life. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis combining human and animal studies to assess whether prenatal amino acid (AA) supplementation could be a promising approach to promote healthy fetal growth. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane libraries were searched to identify studies orally supplementing the following AA groups during gestation: (1) arginine family, (2) branched chain (BCAA), and (3) methyl donors. The primary outcome was fetal/birth weight. Twenty-two human and 89 animal studies were included in the systematic review. The arginine family and, especially, arginine itself were studied the most. Our meta-analysis showed beneficial effects of arginine and (N-Carbamyl) glutamate (NCG) but not aspartic acid and citrulline on fetal/birth weight. However, no effects were reported when an isonitrogenous control diet was included. BCAA and methyl donor supplementation did not affect fetal/birth weight. Arginine family supplementation, in particular arginine and NCG, improves fetal growth in complicated pregnancies. BCAA and methyl donor supplementation do not seem to be as promising in targeting fetal growth. Well-controlled research in complicated pregnancies is needed before ruling out AA supplements or preferring arginine above other AAs.
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Yun W, Song M, Lee J, Oh H, An J, Kim G, Lee S, Lee S, Kim HB, Cho J. Arginine addition in a diet for weaning pigs can improve the growth performance under heat stress. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 62:460-467. [PMID: 32803178 PMCID: PMC7416154 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2020.62.4.460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The effects of arginine (Arg) and methionine (Met) supplementation on nutrient
use in pigs were determined under hot season conditions. A total of five
experimental diets including basal diet (CON) were supplemented with two types
of amino acids (Arg and Met) and two different amounts of amino acids (0.2% and
0.4%). Under hot season condition, pigs fed with additional Arg were
significantly higher in average daily gain (ADG) than the CON group and the ADG
increased linearly (p < 0.05) with increasing Arg
supplementation. But there was no significant difference with Met
supplementation (p > 0.05). The apparent ileal
digestibility (AID) of amino acids had no significant difference among
treatments (p > 0.05), while d-reactive oxygen
metabolites (d-ROMs) concentration in treatments with Arg supplementation, were
significantly higher (p < 0.05) than other treatments.
In conclusion, exposure of pigs to heat stress does not affect the AID of amino
acid, whereas pig fed with additional Arg improved ADG and feed efficiency under
heat stress condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Yun
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Minho Song
- Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Korea
| | - Jihwan Lee
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Hanjin Oh
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | - Jiseon An
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
| | | | - Sungdae Lee
- National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Suhyup Lee
- Department of Swine Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Hyeun Bum Kim
- Department of Animal Resource and Science, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Korea
| | - Jinho Cho
- Department of Animal Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea
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Zeinali Khosroshahi M, Asbaghi O, Moradi S, Rezaei kelishadi M, Kaviani M, Mardani M, Jalili C. The effects of supplementation with L-arginine on anthropometric indices and body composition in overweight or obese subjects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
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45
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Alborzi P, Jafari Atrabi M, Akbarinejad V, Khanbabaei R, Fathi R. Incorporation of arginine, glutamine or leucine in culture medium accelerates in vitro activation of primordial follicles in 1-day-old mouse ovary. ZYGOTE 2020; 28:1-8. [PMID: 32482183 DOI: 10.1017/s096719942000026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In vitro activation of primordial follicles provides cancer patients subjected to oncotherapy with a safe therapeutic strategy for fertility preservation, however a successful protocol for activation of primordial follicles in prepubertal patients has not yet been defined comprehensively. There is evidence that amino acids such as leucine, arginine and glutamine could stimulate the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, which plays a pivotal role in primordial follicle activation. Nevertheless, there has been no report that elucidates the effect of these amino acids on in vitro development of ovarian follicles. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of these amino acids and their combination on the formation and activation of primordial follicles in 1-day-old murine ovaries during an 11-day culture period. The experimental groups consisted of base medium (BM), base medium + arginine (ARG), base medium + glutamine (GLU), base medium + leucine (LEU) and base medium + a combination of arginine, glutamine and leucine (AGL). The proportions of different stages of ovarian follicles and gene expression of regulatory factors were assessed using histology and quantitative real-time PCR on days 5 and 11 of culture. The proportion of transitional and primary follicles was greater in all amino acid-treated groups compared with the BM group (P < 0.05). Moreover, leucine resulted in elevated expression of Gdf9 and Bmp15, and glutamine augmented the expression of Pi3k on day 11 of culture. In conclusion, the present study showed that inclusion of leucine, glutamine, arginine or their combination in the culture medium for murine ovarian tissue could accelerate the activation of primordial follicles and alter the expression of the corresponding factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parimah Alborzi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Jafari Atrabi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Akbarinejad
- Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ramezan Khanbabaei
- Department of Biology, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
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46
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Gilbreath KR, Bazer FW, Satterfield MC, Cleere JJ, Wu G. Ruminal microbes of adult sheep do not degrade extracellular l-citrulline. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:skaa164. [PMID: 32415842 PMCID: PMC7344112 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined whether extracellular citrulline is degraded by ruminal bacteria of sheep. In the first experiment, whole rumen fluid (3 mL) from six adult Suffolk sheep was incubated at 37 °C with 5 mM l-glutamine (Gln), l-glutamate (Glu), l-arginine (Arg), or l-citrulline (Cit) for 0, 0.5, 1, and 2 h or with 0, 0.5, 2, or 5 mM Gln, Glu, Arg, or Cit for 2 h. An aliquot (50 µL) of the incubation solution was collected at the predetermined time points for amino acids (AA) analyses. Results showed extensive hydrolysis of Gln into Glu and ammonia, of Arg into l-ornithine and l-proline, but little or no degradation of extracellular Cit or Glu by ruminal microbes. In the second experiment, six adult Suffolk sheep were individually fed each of three separate supplements (8 g Gln , Cit, or urea) on three separate days along with regular feed (800 g/animal). Blood (2 mL) was sampled from the jugular vein prior to feeding (time 0) and at 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 h after consuming the supplement. Plasma was analyzed for AA, glucose, ammonia, and urea. The concentrations of Cit in the plasma of sheep consuming this AA increased (P < 0.001) by 117% at 4 h and those of Arg increased by 23% at 4 h, compared with the baseline values. Urea or Gln feeding did not affect (P > 0.05) the concentrations of Cit or Arg in plasma. These results indicate that Cit is not metabolized by ruminal microbes of sheep and is, therefore, absorbed as such by the small intestine and used for the synthesis of Arg by extrahepatic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyler R Gilbreath
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Fuller W Bazer
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | | | - Jason J Cleere
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Guoyao Wu
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Qi M, Wang J, Tan B, Li J, Liao S, Liu Y, Yin Y. Dietary glutamine, glutamate, and aspartate supplementation improves hepatic lipid metabolism in post-weaning piglets. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2020; 6:124-129. [PMID: 32542191 PMCID: PMC7283369 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A previous study has demonstrated that early weaning significantly suppressed hepatic glucose metabolism in piglets. Glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp) and glutamine (Gln) are major metabolic fuels for the small intestine and can alleviate weaning stress, and therefore might improve hepatic energy metabolism. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of administration of Glu, Asp and Gln on the expression of hepatic genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in post-weaning piglets. Thirty-six weaned piglets were assigned to the following treatments: control diet (Control; basal diet + 15.90 g/kg alanine); Asp, Gln and Glu-supplemented diet (Control + AA; basal diet + 1.00 g/kg Asp + 5.00 g/kg Glu + 10.00 g/kg Gln); and the energy-restricted diet supplemented with Asp, Gln and Glu (Energy− + AA; energy deficient diet + 1.00 g/kg Asp + 5.00 g/kg Glu + 10.00 g/kg Gln). Liver samples were obtained on d 5 and 21 post-weaning. Piglets fed Energy− + AA diet had higher liver mRNA abundances of acyl-CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), as well as higher protein expression of serine/threonine protein kinase 11 (LKB1), phosphor-acetyl-CoA carboxylase (P-ACC) and SIRT1 compared with piglets fed control diet (P < 0.05) on d 5 post-weaning. Control + AA diet increased liver malic enzyme 1 (ME1) and SIRT1 mRNA levels, as well as protein expression of LKB1 and P-ACC on d 5 post-weaning (P < 0.05). On d 21 post-weaning, compared to control group, Glu, Gln and Asp supplementation up-regulated the mRNA levels of ACOX1, ME1 and SIRT1 (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that dietary Glu, Gln and Asp supplementation could improve hepatic lipid metabolism to some extent, which may provide nutritional intervention for the insufficient energy intake after weaning in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Qi
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Bi'e Tan
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jianjun Li
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Simeng Liao
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100008, China
| | - Yanhong Liu
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis 95616, CA, USA
| | - Yulong Yin
- Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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48
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Berrazaga I, Salles J, Laleg K, Guillet C, Patrac V, Giraudet C, Le Bacquer O, Gueugneau M, Denis P, Pouyet C, Pion A, Sanchez P, Boirie Y, Micard V, Walrand S. Anabolic Properties of Mixed Wheat-Legume Pasta Products in Old Rats: Impact on Whole-Body Protein Retention and Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1596. [PMID: 32485842 PMCID: PMC7353003 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms that are responsible for sarcopenia are numerous, but the altered muscle protein anabolic response to food intake that appears with advancing age plays an important role. Dietary protein quality needs to be optimized to counter this phenomenon. Blending different plant proteins is expected to compensate for the lower anabolic capacity of plant-based when compared to animal-based protein sources. The objective of this work was to evaluate the nutritional value of pasta products that were made from a mix of wheat semolina and faba bean, lentil, or split pea flour, and to assess their effect on protein metabolism as compared to dietary milk proteins in old rats. Forty-three old rats have consumed for six weeks isoproteic and isocaloric diets containing wheat pasta enriched with 62% to 79% legume protein (depending on the type) or milk proteins, i.e., casein or soluble milk proteins (SMP). The protein digestibility of casein and SMP was 5% to 14% higher than legume-enriched pasta. The net protein utilization and skeletal muscle protein synthesis rate were equivalent either in rats fed legume-enriched pasta diets or those fed casein diet, but lower than in rats fed SMP diet. After legume-enriched pasta intake, muscle mass, and protein accretion were in the same range as in the casein and SMP groups. Mixed wheat-legume pasta could be a nutritional strategy for enhancing the protein content and improving the protein quality, i.e., amino acid profile, of this staple food that is more adequate for maintaining muscle mass, especially for older individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insaf Berrazaga
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- IATE Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Jérôme Salles
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Karima Laleg
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- IATE Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Christelle Guillet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Véronique Patrac
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Christophe Giraudet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Olivier Le Bacquer
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Marine Gueugneau
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Philippe Denis
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Corinne Pouyet
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Angelique Pion
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Phelipe Sanchez
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
| | - Yves Boirie
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- Service de Nutrition Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Valérie Micard
- IATE Agropolymer Engineering and Emerging Technologies, University Montpellier, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, 34060 Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphane Walrand
- UNH, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, CRNH, Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, Auvergne, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France; (I.B.); (J.S.); (K.L.); (C.G.); (V.P.); (C.G.); (O.L.B.); (M.G.); (P.D.); (C.P.); (A.P.); (P.S.); (Y.B.)
- Service de Nutrition Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Gabriel Montpied, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
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The Role of Arginine in Disease Prevention, Gut Microbiota Modulation, Growth Performance and the Immune System of Broiler Chicken – A Review. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2019-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The effect of dietary arginine on disease prevention, immune system modulation, the gut micro-biota composition and growth of broiler chicken was reviewed. The main aim of poultry production is the maximization of profit at the least possible cost. This objective can mainly be achieved by ensuring that there is no interference in growth or disease outbreak and by feeding chicken with the best possible level of nutrients. With the ban on antibiotic growth promoters, attention is shifted towards other nutrition methods to prevent diseases and promote growth. More attention is therefore given to protein diets in animal nutrition due to their importance as essential part of active biological compounds in the body, assisting in the breakdown of body tissue and helping in the physiological processes of the animal. Arginine plays important function in serving as building blocks of proteins and polypeptides. It performs other roles during the regulation of important biochemical functions such as maintenance, growth, reproduction and immunity. Arginine cannot be synthesized by the body so it has to be supplemented in the diet. When arginine is supplemented above the recommended level, the gut mucosa is protected, immunosuppression is alleviated, diseases like necrotic enteritis, infectious bursal disease and coccidiosis in broiler chickens are prevented. There is an improvement in growth resulting from the increase in intestinal absorption, barrier function and microbiota composition.
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Effect of Amniotic Injection of N-Carbamylglutamate on Meat Quality of Broilers. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040576. [PMID: 32235422 PMCID: PMC7222414 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) is a key activator of endogenous arginine production, which plays a vital role in meat quality and antioxidant performance. To the best of our knowledge, there is no study about NCG enhancing the meat quality of broilers. The present research was aimed at exploring the effects of amniotic injection of NCG on meat quality of pectoral muscle in broilers. The data showed that the in ovo feeding (IOF) of NCG enhanced the arginine content, improved the nutritional properties, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and improved the meat quality in the pectoral muscle of broilers. In summary, amniotic injection of NCG on day 17.5 of incubation could be an effective and novel approach to improving the meat quality of broilers. Abstract The current study was performed to determine the influence of amniotic injection of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) on meat quality of pectoral muscle in broilers. A total of 792 alive broiler embryos at 17 d of incubation were assigned to three treatments randomly (non-injected control, saline-injected control, or NCG-injected treatment). The two injection treatments were an injection with 0.1 mL 0.85% aseptic saline alone or containing 2 mg NCG per egg at 17.5 d of incubation. After hatching, 72 healthy male chicks were selected from each treatment and housed in six pens for a 42 day feeding study. Pectoral muscles from six 42-day-old broilers were collected from each treatment group and were dissected for meat quality assays. The results showed that arginine contents in pectoral muscle in either free or hydrolytic form in the NCG group were higher than those in the non-injection control group (p < 0.05). In comparison to the non-injection or saline-injection control groups, NCG injection resulted in a lower lactic acid content in pectoral muscle (p < 0.05). Muscular antioxidant capacity in the NCG group was higher, as evidenced by the higher activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase and lower content of malondialdehyde (p < 0.05). In addition, the group of in ovo administration of NCG had decreased drip loss and increased crude fat content in pectoral muscle in comparison to those of either control group (p < 0.05) and had enhanced crude protein content compared to that of the saline-injection control group (p < 0.05). Briefly, these results indicate that amniotic administration of NCG in the late incubation phase increased the arginine content, improved the nutritional properties, enhanced the antioxidant capacity, and improved the meat quality in the pectoral muscle of broilers. Amniotic injection of NCG may serve as a novel approach to improving the meat quality of broilers.
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