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Kumar P, Brazel D, DeRogatis J, Valerin JBG, Whiteson K, Chow WA, Tinoco R, Moyers JT. The cure from within? a review of the microbiome and diet in melanoma. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 41:261-280. [PMID: 35474500 PMCID: PMC9042647 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-022-10029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Therapy for cutaneous melanoma, the deadliest of the skin cancers, is inextricably linked to the immune system. Once thought impossible, cures for metastatic melanoma with immune checkpoint inhibitors have been developed within the last decade and now occur regularly in the clinic. Unfortunately, half of tumors do not respond to checkpoint inhibitors and efforts to further exploit the immune system are needed. Tantalizing associations with immune health and gut microbiome composition suggest we can improve the success rate of immunotherapy. The gut contains over half of the immune cells in our bodies and increasingly, evidence is linking the immune system within our gut to melanoma development and treatment. In this review, we discuss the importance the skin and gut microbiome may play in the development of melanoma. We examine the differences in the microbial populations which inhabit the gut of those who develop melanoma and subsequently respond to immunotherapeutics. We discuss the role of dietary intake on the development and treatment of melanoma. And finally, we review the landscape of published and registered clinical trials therapeutically targeting the microbiome in melanoma through dietary supplements, fecal microbiota transplant, and microbial supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Kumar
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Danielle Brazel
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Julia DeRogatis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jennifer B Goldstein Valerin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 200, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Katrine Whiteson
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Warren A Chow
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 200, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Roberto Tinoco
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Justin T Moyers
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, 101 The City Drive South, Building 200, Orange, CA, 92868, USA.
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Hezaveh E, Jafari S, Jalilpiran Y, Zargarzadeh N, Mahdavi R, Gargari BP. Dietary components and the risk of non-melanoma skin cancer: A systematic review of epidemiological studies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-16. [PMID: 34933633 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2016600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is the most common cancer among white-skinned people. The main environmental risk factor for all types of skin cancer is ultraviolet (UV) exposure to the sun. However, significant modifiable risk factors, such as diet, have been studied about NMSC risk. Several original studies have been conducted on the link between various dietary components and the risk of NMSC in the past decade, but have not been systematically reviewed. This review focuses on the potential impact of dietary components in the prevention of NMSC and evaluates the findings of epidemiologic evidence for dietary factors. We conducted a systematic search of three databases, including Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and PubMed, to identify relevant epidemiological studies published between 2000 and July 6, 2021. Finally, forty-three articles were included. Because of the inherent limitations of epidemiological studies, no definitive conclusions can be drawn; however, the links between folate, citrus, caffeine, and alcohol with BCC are notable; thus, high dietary folate intake, as well as citrus and alcohol consumption, are associated with an increased risk of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), whereas caffeine is associated with a lower risk. More research is required to reach a definitive conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erfan Hezaveh
- Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Sahar Jafari
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yahya Jalilpiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikan Zargarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Mahdavi
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahram Pourghassem Gargari
- Nutrition Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Li G, Cheng Y, Zhang T, Li Y, Han L, Liang G. Characterization of Oxygenated Heterocyclic Compounds and in vitro Antioxidant Activity of Pomelo Essential Oil. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:937-947. [PMID: 33688168 PMCID: PMC7936692 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s299678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Citrus essential oils are widely used for aromatherapy and the alternative treatment of chronic diseases. Beyond the aroma substances, they are known to contain bioactive nonvolatile components; however, little knowledge has been gained about nonvolatiles in the essential oil of pomelo (Citrus grandis Osbeck), the largest citrus fruit. The purpose of this study was to analyze the nonvolatile oxygenated heterocyclic compounds (OHCs) of pomelo essential oils and evaluate their in vitro antioxidant activities for further development. Methods Cold-pressed essential oil (CPEO) and distilled essential oil (DEO) were obtained from the peel of the Liangping pomelo cultivar. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a photodiode array and fluorescence detection method was developed to identify and quantify the OHCs of the two essential oils. Ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-imidazoline-1-oxyl 3-oxide (PTIO) radical scavenging assays were used to determine the antioxidative capabilities. Results Thirteen OHCs were identified in CPEO. Coumarins such as meranzin (2.0 mmol L−1) and furanocoumarins such as isoimperatorin (1.3 mmol L−1) composed the majority of nonvolatiles in CPEO. These OHCs were characterized by high proportion (58%) of side chain epoxides. Five OHCs, namely, auraptenol, 6ʹ,7ʹ-dihydroxybergamottin (6ʹ,7ʹ-DHB), imperatorin, isoimperatorin and 8-geranyloxypsoralen were first identified in pomelo CPEO. Eight OHCs were detected at trace amounts in pomelo DEO. Antioxidant assays showed that CPEO was multiple times more potent than DEO regarding the total reducing power and radical scavenging capacity. Clearance of PTIO, a stable reactive oxygen species, followed slow kinetics. Conclusion Coumarins and furanocoumarins, two families of OHCs, constituted most of the nonvolatile components in CPEO. The nonvolatiles contributed significantly to the in vitro antioxidant activity of CPEO. Pomelo CPEO showed good prospects as a potential long-lasting natural antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijie Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Cheng
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Tenghui Zhang
- Chengdu Centre Testing International Group Co., Ltd., Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingzhuo Li
- Chongqing Beibei Agricultural and Rural Committee, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Leng Han
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guolu Liang
- College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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Mahamat-Saleh Y, Cervenka I, Al-Rahmoun M, Mancini FR, Severi G, Ghiasvand R, Veierod MB, Caini S, Palli D, Botteri E, Sacerdote C, Ricceri F, Trichopoulou A, Peppa E, La Vecchia C, Overvad K, Dahm CC, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Perez-Cornago A, Jakszyn P, Grioni S, Schulze MB, Skeie G, Lasheras C, Colorado-Yohar S, Rodríguez-Barranco M, Kühn T, Katzke VA, Amiano P, Tumino R, Panico S, Ezponda A, Sonestedt E, Scalbert A, Weiderpass E, Boutron-Ruault MC, Kvaskoff M. Citrus intake and risk of skin cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition cohort (EPIC). Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:1057-1067. [PMID: 32710289 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Citrus intake has been suggested to increase the risk of skin cancer. Although this relation is highly plausible biologically, epidemiologic evidence is lacking. We aimed to examine the potential association between citrus intake and skin cancer risk. EPIC is an ongoing multi-center prospective cohort initiated in 1992 and involving ~ 520,000 participants who have been followed-up in 23 centers from 10 European countries. Dietary data were collected at baseline using validated country-specific dietary questionnaires. We used Cox proportional hazards regression models to compute hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). During a mean follow-up of 13.7 years, 8448 skin cancer cases were identified among 270,112 participants. We observed a positive linear dose-response relationship between total citrus intake and skin cancer risk (HR = 1.10, 95% CI 1.03-1.18 in the highest vs. lowest quartile; Ptrend = 0.001), particularly with basal cell carcinoma (BCC) (HR = 1.11, 95% CI 1.02-1.20, Ptrend = 0.007) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.04-1.47, Ptrend = 0.01). Citrus fruit intake was positively associated with skin cancer risk (HR = 1.08, 95% CI 1.01-1.16, Ptrend = 0.01), particularly with melanoma (HR = 1.23, 95% CI 1.02-1.48; Ptrend = 0.01), although with no heterogeneity across skin cancer types (Phomogeneity = 0.21). Citrus juice was positively associated with skin cancer risk (Ptrend = 0.004), particularly with BCC (Ptrend = 0.008) and SCC (Ptrend = 0.004), but not with melanoma (Phomogeneity = 0.02). Our study suggests moderate positive linear dose-response relationships between citrus intake and skin cancer risk. Studies with available biomarker data and the ability to examine sun exposure behaviors are warranted to clarify these associations and examine the phototoxicity mechanisms of furocoumarin-rich foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahya Mahamat-Saleh
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, 94 805, Villejuif, France
- Inserm UMR1018, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Iris Cervenka
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, 94 805, Villejuif, France
- Inserm UMR1018, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie Al-Rahmoun
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, 94 805, Villejuif, France
- Inserm UMR1018, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Francesca R Mancini
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, 94 805, Villejuif, France
- Inserm UMR1018, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, 94 805, Villejuif, France
- Inserm UMR1018, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Reza Ghiasvand
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit B Veierod
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Department of Biostatistics, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Saverio Caini
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network Institute (ISPRO), Florence, Italy
| | - Edoardo Botteri
- Department of Bowel Cancer Screening, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit for Women's Health, Women's Clinic, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carlotta Sacerdote
- Piedmont Reference Centre for Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention (CPO Piemonte), Turin, 10126, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ricceri
- Epidemiology Unit, ASL TO3, Piedmont Region, Grugliasco, 10095, Italy
| | | | | | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, Athens, Greece
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Kim Overvad
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aurora Perez-Cornago
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Paula Jakszyn
- Unit of Nutrition and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Programme, Catalan Institute of Oncology, ĹHospitallet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Universitat Ramón Llull, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Guri Skeie
- Department of Community Medicine, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Cristina Lasheras
- Department of Functional Biology, University of Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Sandra Colorado-Yohar
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Research Group on Demography and Health, National Faculty of Public Health, University of Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Miguel Rodríguez-Barranco
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Andalusian School of Public Health (EASP), Granada, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ibs.GRANADA), Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Verena A Katzke
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Pilar Amiano
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, BioDonostia Research Institue, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Department, Civic-M. P. Arezzo Hospital, ASP Ragusa, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Ana Ezponda
- Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Emily Sonestedt
- Nutritional Epidemiology, Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Biomarkers Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, 94 805, Villejuif, France
- Inserm UMR1018, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Marina Kvaskoff
- CESP, Fac. de médecine - Univ. Paris-Sud, Fac. de médecine - UVSQ, INSERM, Université Paris Saclay, 94 805, Villejuif, France.
- Inserm UMR1018, Gustave Roussy, 114 Rue Edouard Vaillant, F-94805, Villejuif, France.
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