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Merenstein DJ, Tancredi DJ, Karl JP, Krist AH, Lenoir-Wijnkoop I, Reid G, Roos S, Szajewska H, Sanders ME. Is There Evidence to Support Probiotic Use for Healthy People? Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100265. [PMID: 38977065 PMCID: PMC11342770 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2024.100265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are typically marketed as foods and dietary supplements, categories for products intended to maintain health in generally healthy populations and which, unlike drugs, cannot claim to treat or cure disease. This review addresses the existing evidence that probiotics are beneficial to healthy people. Our approach was to perform a descriptive review of efficacy evidence that probiotics can prevent urinary, vaginal, gastrointestinal, and respiratory infections, and improve risk factors associated with cardiovascular health or reduce antibiotic use. Other endpoints such as mental, dental, or immune health were not specifically addressed. We concluded that there is sufficient evidence of efficacy and safety for clinicians and consumers to consider using specific probiotics for some indications - such as the use of probiotics to support gut function during antibiotic use or to reduce the risk of respiratory tract infections - for certain people. However, we did not find a sufficiently high level of evidence to support unconditional, population-wide recommendations for other preventive endpoints we reviewed for healthy people. Although evidence for some indications is suggestive of the preventive benefits of probiotics, additional research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Merenstein
- Department of Family Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Daniel J Tancredi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - J Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Alex H Krist
- Department of Family Medicine and Population Health, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | | | - Gregor Reid
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Surgery, Western University, London, ON, Canada
| | - Stefan Roos
- Department of Molecular Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala BioCenter, Uppsala, Sweden; Research & Development, BioGaia AB, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hania Szajewska
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, United States.
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Chioma Mgbodile F, Nwagu TNT. Probiotic therapy, African fermented foods and food-derived bioactive peptides in the management of SARS-CoV-2 cases and other viral infections. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 38:e00795. [PMID: 37041970 PMCID: PMC10066861 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The current paper focuses on the impact of probiotics, African fermented foods and bioactive peptides on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection severity and related viral infections. Using probiotics or bioactive peptides as therapeutic adjuncts appears superior to standard care alone. Probiotics play critical roles in innate and adaptive immune modulation by balancing the gut microbiota to combat viral infections, secondary bacterial infections and microbial dysbiosis. African fermented foods contain abundant potential probiotic microorganisms such as the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Saccharomyces, and Bacillus. More so, fermented food-derived bioactive peptides play vital roles in preventing cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, lung injury, diabetes, and other COVID-19 comorbidities. Regularly incorporating potential probiotics and bioactive peptides into diets should enable a build-up of the benefits in the body system that may result in a better prognosis, especially in COVID-19 patients with underlying complexities. Despite the reported therapeutic potentials of probiotics and fermented foods, numerous setbacks exist regarding their application in disease management. These shortfalls underscore an evident need for more studies to evaluate the specific potentials of probiotics and traditional fermented foods in ameliorating SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.
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Coleman JL, Hatch-McChesney A, Small SD, Allen JT, Sullo E, Agans RT, Fagnant HS, Bukhari AS, Karl JP. Orally Ingested Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics as Countermeasures for Respiratory Tract Infections in Nonelderly Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2022; 13:2277-2295. [PMID: 35948276 PMCID: PMC9776651 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of gut microbiota-targeted interventions on the incidence, duration, and severity of respiratory tract infections (RTIs) in nonelderly adults, and factors moderating any such effects, are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the effects of orally ingested probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics compared with placebo on RTI incidence, duration, and severity in nonelderly adults, and to identify potential sources of heterogeneity. Studies were identified by searching CENTRAL, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to December 2021. English-language, peer-reviewed publications of randomized, placebo-controlled studies that tested an orally ingested probiotic, prebiotic, or synbiotic intervention of any dose for ≥1 wk in adults aged 18-65 y were included. Results were synthesized using intention-to-treat and per-protocol random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was explored by subgroup meta-analysis and meta-regression. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias assessment tool for randomized trials version 2 (RoB2). Forty-two manuscripts reporting effects of probiotics (n = 38), prebiotics (n = 2), synbiotics (n = 1) or multiple -biotic types (n = 1) were identified (n = 9179 subjects). Probiotics reduced the risk of experiencing ≥1 RTI (relative risk = 0.91; 95% CI: 0.84, 0.98; P = 0.01), and total days (rate ratio = 0.77; 95% CI: 0.71, 0.83; P < 0.001), duration (Hedges' g = -0.23; 95% CI: -0.39, -0.08; P = 0.004), and severity (Hedges' g = -0.16; 95% CI: -0.29, -0.03; P = 0.02) of RTIs. Effects were relatively consistent across different strain combinations, doses, and durations, although reductions in RTI duration were larger with fermented dairy as the delivery matrix, and beneficial effects of probiotics were not observed in physically active populations. Overall risk of bias was rated as "some concerns" for most studies. In conclusion, orally ingested probiotics, relative to placebo, modestly reduce the incidence, duration, and severity of RTIs in nonelderly adults. Physical activity and delivery matrix may moderate some of these effects. Whether prebiotic and synbiotic interventions confer similar protection remains unclear due to few relevant studies. This trial was registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ as CRD42020220213.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie L Coleman
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick,
MA, USA
- Oak Ride Institute of Science and Education, Belcamp, MD,
USA
| | | | - Stephanie D Small
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick,
MA, USA
- Oak Ride Institute of Science and Education, Belcamp, MD,
USA
| | - Jillian T Allen
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick,
MA, USA
- Oak Ride Institute of Science and Education, Belcamp, MD,
USA
| | - Elaine Sullo
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Richard T Agans
- Naval Medical Research Unit Dayton, Dayton, OH, USA
- PARSONS Government Services, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Heather S Fagnant
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick,
MA, USA
| | - Asma S Bukhari
- US Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick,
MA, USA
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Neris Almeida Viana S, do Reis Santos Pereira T, de Carvalho Alves J, Tianeze de Castro C, Santana C da Silva L, Henrique Sousa Pinheiro L, Nougalli Roselino M. Benefits of probiotic use on COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:2986-2998. [PMID: 36178362 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2128713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes the new global pandemic, which has already resulted in millions of deaths, affecting the world's health and economy. Probiotics have shown benefits in a variety of diseases, including respiratory infections, and may be beneficial in the adjunctive treatment of COVID-19. This study analyzed the effectiveness of probiotics as adjunctive treatment in reducing symptoms of patients with COVID-19, through a systematic review with meta-analysis. The EMBASE (Elsevier), Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (ICTRP) were searched through March 16, 2022. The risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was estimated using a fixed-effect model. RoB 2 and ROBINS I were used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. Nine studies were included (7 clinical trials and 2 cohorts), of which three clinical trials comprised the meta-analysis. Results showed that probiotics were associated with a significant 51% reduction in symptoms reported by COVID-19 patients (RR 0.49, 95% CI 0.40-0.61). There was a significant improvement in cough (RR 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.83), headaches (RR 0.17, 95% CI 0.05-0.65), and diarrhea (RR 0. 33, 95% CI 0.12-0.96) of patients on probiotic therapy. These findings suggest that probiotic supplementation is effective in improving symptoms of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suelen Neris Almeida Viana
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Laboratory of Studies in Food Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Tamires do Reis Santos Pereira
- Postgraduate Program in Food Science, Laboratory of Studies in Food Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Janaína de Carvalho Alves
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology, Laboratory of Studies in Food Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | - Caroline Tianeze de Castro
- Postgraduate Program in Collective Health, Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mariana Nougalli Roselino
- Laboratory of Studies in Food Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador-Bahia, Brazil
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Probiotic Intervention in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: A Review. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.3.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is a noncommunicable lifestyle condition that impacts millions of individuals worldwide. Diabetes is a physiological illness that affects several different organs in the human body. Several studies have found a direct relationship between gut microbiota and diabetes control. Probiotic intervention in the treatment of diabetes mellitus has been the center of focus in the current scenario. Alteration in composition and metabolic activity of gut microbiota significantly contributes to human health. However, the key mechanism of gut microbiota in the inhibition of diabetes is not fully understood. This review discusses the effect of probiotics on diabetes and the role of gut microbiota. It emphasizes on the pharmacological effects of probiotics on diabetic symptoms like glycemic response, hypercholesterolemia, hypertension, as well as gestational diabetes.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Probiotics are live micro-organisms that may give a beneficial physiological effect when administered in adequate amounts. Some trials show that probiotic strains can prevent respiratory infections. Even though our previously published review showed the benefits of probiotics for acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs), several new studies have been published. This is an update of a review first published in 2011 and updated in 2015. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and safety of probiotics (any specified strain or dose), compared with placebo or no treatment, in the prevention of acute URTIs in people of all ages, at risk of acute URTIs. SEARCH METHODS We searched CENTRAL (2022, Issue 6), MEDLINE (1950 to May week 2, 2022), Embase (1974 to 10 May 2022), Web of Science (1900 to 10 May 2022), the Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, which includes the China Biological Medicine Database (from 1978 to 10 May 2022), the Chinese Medicine Popular Science Literature Database (from 2000 to 10 May 2022), and the Master's Degree Dissertation of Beijing Union Medical College Database (from 1981 to 10 May 2022). We searched the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform and ClinicalTrials.gov for completed and ongoing trials on 10 May 2022. SELECTION CRITERIA We included individual randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-RCTs comparing probiotics with placebo or no treatment to prevent acute URTIs. The participants were children, adults, or the elderly in the community, care facilities, schools, or hospitals. Our main outcomes were the number of participants diagnosed with URTIs (at least one event and at least three events), the incidence rate (number of cases/person year) of acute URTIs, and the mean duration of an episode of URTIs. Our secondary outcomes were the number of participants who were absent from childcare centre, school, or work due to acute URTIs; the number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs; and the number of participants who experienced at least one adverse event from probiotics. We excluded studies if they did not specify acute respiratory infections as 'upper'; studies with more than 50% of participants vaccinated against influenza or other acute URTIs within the last 12 months; and studies with significantly different proportions of vaccinated participants between the probiotics arm and the placebo or no treatment arm. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed the eligibility of trials and extracted data using standard Cochrane methodological procedures. We analysed both intention-to-treat and per-protocol data and used a random-effects model. We expressed results as risk ratios (RRs) for dichotomous outcomes and mean differences (MDs) for continuous outcomes, both with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We assessed the certainty of the evidence using the GRADE approach. MAIN RESULTS We included 23 individual RCTs and one cluster-RCT. As one of the individual RCTs did not report outcomes in a usable way, we could only meta-analyse data from 23 trials, involving a total of 6950 participants including children (aged from one month to 11 years old), adults (mean age 37.3), and older people (mean age 84.6 years). One trial reported 22.5% flu-vaccine participants within the last 12 months, and 25.4% flu-vaccine participants during the intervention. Probiotics were more likely to be given with milk-based food in children; administered in powder form in adults; and given with milk-based food or in capsules in the elderly. Most of the studies used one or two strains (e.g. Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL9, Lactobacillus paracasei (8700:2 or N1115)) and 109 or 1011 colony-forming units (CFU)/day of probiotics for more than three months. We found that probiotics may reduce the number of participants diagnosed with URTIs (at least one event) (RR 0.76, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.87; P < 0.001; 16 studies, 4798 participants; low-certainty evidence); likely reduce the number of participants diagnosed with URTIs (at least three events) (RR 0.59, 95% CI 0.38 to 0.91; P = 0.02; 4 studies, 763 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); may reduce the incidence rate (number of cases/person year) of URTIs (rate ratio 0.82, 95% CI 0.73 to 0.92, P = 0.001; 12 studies, 4364 participants; low-certainty evidence); may reduce the mean duration of an episode of acute URTIs (MD -1.22 days, 95% CI -2.12 to -0.33; P = 0.007; 6 studies, 2406 participants; low-certainty evidence); likely reduce the number of participants who used prescribed antibiotics for acute URTIs (RR 0.58, 95% CI 0.42 to 0.81; P = 0.001; 6 studies, 1548 participants; moderate-certainty evidence); and may not increase the number of participants who experienced at least one adverse event (RR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.15; P = 0.79; 8 studies, 2456 participants; low-certainty evidence). Evidence showing a decrease in the number of people absent from childcare centre, school, or work due to acute URTIs with probiotics is very uncertain (RR 0.14, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.59; 1 study, 80 participants; very low-certainty evidence). Adverse events from probiotics were minor, and most commonly gastrointestinal symptoms, such as vomiting, flatulence, diarrhoea, and bowel pain. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we found that probiotics were better than placebo or no treatment in preventing acute URTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunli Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi Rong Dong
- The Center of Gerontology and Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiukui Hao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Domínguez Rubio AP, D’Antoni CL, Piuri M, Pérez OE. Probiotics, Their Extracellular Vesicles and Infectious Diseases. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:864720. [PMID: 35432276 PMCID: PMC9006447 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.864720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been shown to be effective against infectious diseases in clinical trials, with either intestinal or extraintestinal health benefits. Even though probiotic effects are strain-specific, some "widespread effects" include: pathogen inhibition, enhancement of barrier integrity and regulation of immune responses. The mechanisms involved in the health benefits of probiotics are not completely understood, but these effects can be mediated, at least in part, by probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs). However, to date, there are no clinical trials examining probiotic-derived EVs health benefits against infectious diseases. There is still a long way to go to bridge the gap between basic research and clinical practice. This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge about EVs released by probiotic bacteria to understand their possible role in the prevention and/or treatment of infectious diseases. A better understanding of the mechanisms whereby EVs package their cargo and the process involved in communication with host cells (inter-kingdom communication), would allow further advances in this field. In addition, we comment on the potential use and missing knowledge of EVs as therapeutic agents (postbiotics) against infectious diseases. Future research on probiotic-derived EVs is needed to open new avenues for the encapsulation of bioactives inside EVs from GRAS (Generally Regarded as Safe) bacteria. This could be a scientific novelty with applications in functional foods and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Paula Domínguez Rubio
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cecilia L. D’Antoni
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Piuri
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Oscar E. Pérez
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Türkyılmaz A, Arıkan V. Several Shaping Characteristics of OneCurve Continuously Rotating System versus Three Different Kinematic Systems: ProTaper Universal, Twisted File Adaptive and WaveOne Gold. MEANDROS MEDICAL AND DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.4274/meandros.galenos.2021.93723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Batu ED, Kaya Akca U, Basaran O, Bilginer Y, Özen S. Probiotic use in the prophylaxis of periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome: a retrospective cohort study. Rheumatol Int 2022; 42:1207-1211. [PMID: 34994815 DOI: 10.1007/s00296-021-05084-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and adenitis (PFAPA) syndrome is an autoinflammatory recurrent fever syndrome that mainly affects children. Probiotics are currently used to prevent upper respiratory tract infections and flares of diseases associated with immune dysregulation. We aimed to evaluate the response to probiotic treatment in PFAPA patients. Patients with PFAPA syndrome who received probiotics and were followed between July 2019 and July 2021 were included in this retrospective study. Demographic and clinical features and response to probiotics were assessed. Twenty out of 111 children with PFAPA syndrome (F/M:1) were included. The median (min-max) ages at symptoms onset and diagnosis were 24 (3-72) and 51.5 (11-120) months, respectively. All 20 patients received probiotics during the disease course. The probiotic preparation they received included a combination of two lactobacilli as Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL9 (Lp HEAL9) and Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2 (Lpa 8700:2). The median age at probiotic onset was 60 (33-192) months, while the duration of probiotic use was 4.5 (3-19) months. All patients except one experienced a decrease in attack frequency with probiotic use. After probiotic treatment, the median number of episodes during 3 months decreased from 3 to 1 (p < 0.001). Eight (40%) patients had no attacks during the 3 months after probiotic initiation. And, 5 (45%) of 11 patients who had ≥ 1 attacks on probiotics mentioned that the attack severity decreased significantly after probiotic initiation. Our results suggest that probiotic strains Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL9 and Lactobacillus paracasei 8700:2 could be beneficial in PFAPA patients by decreasing the attack frequency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezgi D Batu
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Ummusen Kaya Akca
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozge Basaran
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yelda Bilginer
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Seza Özen
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
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Picó-Monllor JA, Ruzafa-Costas B, Núñez-Delegido E, Sánchez-Pellicer P, Peris-Berraco J, Navarro-Lopez V. Selection of Probiotics in the Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infections and Their Impact on Occupational Health: Scoping Review. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124419. [PMID: 34959970 PMCID: PMC8705755 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The occupational health impact of respiratory infectious diseases is costly to the economy and the health care system. Probiotics are non-pathogenic live microorganisms that, when ingested in adequate amounts, can colonize the intestinal tract, and enhance the immune system. In recent years, numerous studies have described the possible usefulness of certain probiotic strains in the treatment and prevention of respiratory tract infections, with disparate results. In order to assess the possible efficacy and safety of these microorganisms to prevent or ameliorate respiratory tract infections, we systematically searched the bibliographic databases MEDLINE (via Pubmed), EMBASE, The Cochrane library, Scopus, and Web of science, using the descriptors “Respiratory Tract Infections”, “Probiotics”, “Occupational Health”, “Humans”, and “Clinical Trials”. After applying our inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 studies were accepted for review and critical analysis. Our analysis suggests that a combination of different probiotics, most of them in the genus Bifidobacterium sp. and Lactobacillus sp., could be a good mix to strengthen the immune system and reduce the symptoms of URTIs in the healthy working population.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Antonio Picó-Monllor
- Department of Pharmacology, Pediatrics and Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Miguel Hernández de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Beatriz Ruzafa-Costas
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Eva Núñez-Delegido
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
| | - Pedro Sánchez-Pellicer
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
| | | | - Vicente Navarro-Lopez
- MiBioPath Research Group, Health and Science Faculty, Catholic University of Murcia (UCAM), Campus de los Jerónimos n 135, 30107 Murcia, Spain; (B.R.-C.); (E.N.-D.); (P.S.-P.); (V.N.-L.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital Universitario Vinalopó, 03293 Elche, Spain
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Strauss M, Mičetić-Turk D, Pogačar MŠ, Fijan S. Probiotics for the Prevention of Acute Respiratory-Tract Infections in Older People: Systematic Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:690. [PMID: 34200435 PMCID: PMC8228160 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this systematic review was to present the indirect influence of probiotics on the incidence and duration of acute upper respiratory-tract infections in older people, by regulating the immune system. Eight randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria, considering the threshold of older people being 60 years and over. Single strain probiotics were used in all studies, including three probiotic strains used in fermented foods: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus OLL1073R-1, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei CNCM I-1518 and Lacticaseibacillusparacasei Shirota, and three probiotic strains used as food supplements: Loigolactobacillus coryniformis K8 CECT5711, Bacillus subtilis CU1 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG. Current evidence showed that certain probiotic strains were better than a placebo in lowering the incidence or number of older people experiencing acute upper respiratory tract infections; however, not all probiotic strains were efficient, and not all studies reported statistically significant outcomes. More high quality large-scale properly controlled clinical studies focusing on older people are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Strauss
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Health and Nutrition, University of Maribor, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.S.); (D.M.-T.)
| | - Dušanka Mičetić-Turk
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Health and Nutrition, University of Maribor, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.S.); (D.M.-T.)
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Maja Šikić Pogačar
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia;
| | - Sabina Fijan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute for Health and Nutrition, University of Maribor, Žitna ulica 15, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia; (M.S.); (D.M.-T.)
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Darbandi A, Asadi A, Ghanavati R, Afifirad R, Darb Emamie A, Kakanj M, Talebi M. The effect of probiotics on respiratory tract infection with special emphasis on COVID-19: Systemic review 2010-20. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 105:91-104. [PMID: 33578007 PMCID: PMC7871912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the effects of probiotics on respiratory tract infection (RTI) a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) from January 2010 to January 2020 was conducted. The PubMed, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, and International Clinical Trials Registry Platform databases were systematically searched for the following keywords: respiratory tract infection, probiotics, viral infection, COVID-19, and clinical trial. A total of 27 clinical trials conducted on 9433 patients with RTI plus 10 ongoing clinical studies of probiotics intervention in Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reviewed. The review looked at the potency of probiotics for the hindrance and/or treatment of RTI diseases, this may also apply to COVID-19. The review found that probiotics could significantly increase the plasma levels of cytokines, the effect of influenza vaccine and quality of life, as well as reducing the titer of viruses and the incidence and duration of respiratory infections. These antiviral and immune-modulating activities and their ability to stimulate interferon production recommend the use of probiotics as an adjunctive therapy to prevent COVID-19. Based on this extensive review of RCTs we suggest that probiotics are a rational complementary treatment for RTI diseases and a viable option to support faster recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atieh Darbandi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Roghayeh Afifirad
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Darb Emamie
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kakanj
- Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center, Food and Drug Administation, MOH&ME, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Malihe Talebi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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