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Aguilar-Toalá JE, Astiazarán-García H, Estrada-Montoya MC, Garcia HS, Vallejo-Cordoba B, González-Córdova AF, Hernández-Mendoza A. Modulatory Effect of the Intracellular Content of Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 Against the Aflatoxin B 1-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rats. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2020; 11:470-477. [PMID: 29862461 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-018-9433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been recognized that lactic acid bacteria exhibit antioxidant properties, which have been mainly endorsed to the intact viable bacteria. However, recent studies have shown that intracellular content (IC) may also be good sources of antioxidative metabolites, which may potentially contribute to oxidative homeostasis in vivo. Hence, the modulatory effect of the intracellular content of Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 (IC431) on aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced oxidative stress in rats was evaluated on the basis of its influence on hepatic lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant status-antioxidant capacity (TAC), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities; and on the oxidative stress index (OSi). Results demonstrated that CAT and GPx activities, and TAC, determined in plasma samples, were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in rats treated with AFB1 plus IC431 (3.98 μM/min/mg protein, 1.88 μM/min/mg protein, and 238.7 μM Trolox equivalent, respectively) than AFB1-treated rats (3.47 μM/min/mg protein, 1.46 μM/min/mg protein, and 179.7 μM Trolox equivalent, respectively). Furthermore, plasma and liver tissue samples from rats treated with AFB1 plus IC431 showed significantly (P < 0.05) lower LPO values (52 and 51%, respectively) and OSi (59 and 51%, respectively) than AFB1-treated rats. Hence, our results proved that the intracellular content of Lact. casei CRL 431 contains metabolites that are capable to modulate the antioxidant defense systems in living organism, which may help to ameliorate the damage associated to AFB1-induced oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Aguilar-Toalá
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - H Astiazarán-García
- Laboratorio de Patología Experimental, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - M C Estrada-Montoya
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - H S Garcia
- Unidad de Investigación y Desarrollo en Alimentos (UNIDA), Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz M. A. de Quevedo 2279, Col. Formando Hogar Veracruz, 91897, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - B Vallejo-Cordoba
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - A F González-Córdova
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
| | - A Hernández-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Química y Biotecnología de Productos Lácteos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo A.C. (CIAD), Carretera a La Victoria Km. 0.6, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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Scientific Opinion on the risk for public and animal health related to the presence of sterigmatocystin in food and feed. EFSA J 2013. [DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Hasanzadeh S, Amani S. Aflatoxin B1 effects on ovarian follicular growth and atresia in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00580-012-1446-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hernandez-Mendoza A, González-Córdova AF, Vallejo-Cordoba B, Garcia HS. Effect of oral supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri in reduction of intestinal absorption of aflatoxin B(1) in rats. J Basic Microbiol 2011; 51:263-8. [PMID: 21298677 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.201000119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/14/2010] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The goals of this work were to assess the ability of Lactobacillus reuteri to bind aflatoxin B(1) in the intestinal tract and determine its effect on intestinal absorption of the toxin dispensed in either single or multiple doses in a murine model. Male Wistar rats were used, and two experiments were conducted after bacteria were implanted. Experiment one involved a single-oral dose of toxin, and the subsequent flow cytometric analysis of bacteria isolated from the small intestine and treated with specific FITC-labeled AFB(1) antibodies. The second experiment was carried out supplying the toxin in 7 oral sub-doses, and the later quantification of AFB(1)-Lys adducts in blood samples by ELISA assay. The results demonstrated that L. reuteri was able to bind AFB(1) in the intestinal tract, mostly in the duodenum. Furthermore, the AFB(1)-Lys adducts were present at significantly lower levels in those animals receiving AFB(1) plus bacteria than in those receiving only AFB(1). Our findings confirm that probiotic bacteria could act as biological barriers in normal intestinal conditions thereby reducing the bioavailability of AFB(1) ingested orally in a single or multiple doses, thus avoiding its toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrián Hernandez-Mendoza
- UNIDA-Instituto Tecnológico de Veracruz, M.A. de Quevedo, Col. Formando Hogar, Veracruz, Ver., México
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Investigation of acute effects of aflatoxin on rat proximal and distal colon spontaneous contractions. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 46:2876-80. [PMID: 18620790 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 05/22/2008] [Accepted: 05/26/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxins are one of the most potent toxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, cancerogenic, and immunosuppresive substances that naturally occurring contaminants of food. There are some studies in various animal species that have reported aflatoxin effects on gastrointestinal systems, but acute effects of aflatoxins have not been clearly investigated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the acute gastrointestinal effects of total aflatoxin on rat isolated proximal and distal colon. Aflatoxin was given cumulatively at 10(-8)-10(-5)M concentrations and the amplitude and frequency of proximal and distal colon contractions were increased significantly. In the presence of atropine sulfate (23.6 nM) and morphine (0.3 microM) the amplitude and frequency of aflatoxin induced spontan contractions in the proximal and distal colon decreased significantly, on the other hand, L-NNA (0.3 microM) increased contractions' amplitude and frequency significantly in the proximal colon but not in the distal colon. In conclusion, aflatoxin may increase the amplitude and frequency of contractions by increasing muscarinic activity or by decreasing NO synthase and/or release in proximal colon and by increasing muscarinic activity in the distal colon. These findings of aflatoxin on isolated rat proximal and distal colon may explain their acute gastrointestinal effects in humans and animals.
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Orner GA, Roebuck BD, Dashwood RH, Bailey GS. Post-initiation chlorophyllin exposure does not modulate aflatoxin-induced foci in the liver and colon of rats. J Carcinog 2006; 5:6. [PMID: 16460570 PMCID: PMC1373623 DOI: 10.1186/1477-3163-5-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2005] [Accepted: 02/06/2006] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyllin (CHL) is a promising chemopreventive agent believed to block cancer primarily by inhibiting carcinogen uptake through the formation of molecular complexes with the carcinogens. However, recent studies suggest that CHL may have additional biological effects particularly when given after the period of carcinogen treatment. This study examines the post-initiation effects of CHL towards aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced preneoplastic foci of the liver and colon. The single concentration of CHL tested in this study (0.1% in the drinking water) had no significant effects on AFB1-induced foci of the liver and colons of rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayle A Orner
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Bill D Roebuck
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Dartmouth Medical School, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Roderick H Dashwood
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - George S Bailey
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
- Environmental and Molecular Toxicology Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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Lambert IB, Singer TM, Boucher SE, Douglas GR. Detailed review of transgenic rodent mutation assays. Mutat Res 2005; 590:1-280. [PMID: 16081315 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2005.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 252] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2005] [Revised: 04/04/2005] [Accepted: 04/12/2005] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Induced chromosomal and gene mutations play a role in carcinogenesis and may be involved in the production of birth defects and other disease conditions. While it is widely accepted that in vivo mutation assays are more relevant to the human condition than are in vitro assays, our ability to evaluate mutagenesis in vivo in a broad range of tissues has historically been quite limited. The development of transgenic rodent (TGR) mutation models has given us the ability to detect, quantify, and sequence mutations in a range of somatic and germ cells. This document provides a comprehensive review of the TGR mutation assay literature and assesses the potential use of these assays in a regulatory context. The information is arranged as follows. (1) TGR mutagenicity models and their use for the analysis of gene and chromosomal mutation are fully described. (2) The principles underlying current OECD tests for the assessment of genotoxicity in vitro and in vivo, and also nontransgenic assays available for assessment of gene mutation, are described. (3) All available information pertaining to the conduct of TGR assays and important parameters of assay performance have been tabulated and analyzed. (4) The performance of TGR assays, both in isolation and as part of a battery of in vitro and in vivo short-term genotoxicity tests, in predicting carcinogenicity is described. (5) Recommendations are made regarding the experimental parameters for TGR assays, and the use of TGR assays in a regulatory context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iain B Lambert
- Mutagenesis Section, Environmental Health Sciences Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, 0803A, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada K1A 0L2.
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Larsson P, Tjälve H. Extrahepatic bioactivation of aflatoxin B1 in fetal, infant and adult rats. Chem Biol Interact 1995; 94:1-19. [PMID: 7820877 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(94)03283-e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Whole-body autoradiography of 3H-labelled aflatoxin B1 (3H-AFB1) in female non-pregnant adult and infant Sprague-Dawley rats showed retention of tissue-bound radioactivity, in addition to the liver, in the mucosa and some glands in the nose, and in the mucosa of the nasopharynx, trachea, bronchioles, colon and caecum. The extrahepatic binding was most pronounced in the infant rats. In a rat pretreated with the glutathione (GSH)-depleting agent phorone, bound labelling was also seen in the superficial part of the mucosa of the glandular stomach. Autoradiography of 3H-AFB1 in pregnant rats showed a marked localization of bound AFB1-metabolites in the fetal nasal olfactory and tracheal mucosa. In vitro experiments demonstrated that the nasal olfactory mucosa had a much higher capacity than the liver to form AFB1-metabolites which bound to DNA and protein. The bioactivation was observed both pre- and post-natally and increased with age. Bioactivation was found also in the caecum, the colon and the lateral nasal gland (Steno's gland), but not in the small intestine, oesophagus or Harderian gland. Our results indicated that glutathione-S transferase activity catalysing the AFB1-8,9-epoxide GSH-conjugation was present in the nasal olfactory mucosa and liver at all pre- and post-natal ages examined. Several of the extrahepatic tissues able to bioactivate AFB1 have been reported to be targets for the carcinogenicity of the substance. Our results indicate that the extrahepatic carcinogenicity of AFB1 is correlated to a local bioactivation in the sensitive tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Larsson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Berry
- Department of Morbid Anatomy, London Hospital, Whitechapel, U.K
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Rinde E, Hill R, Chiu A, Haberman B. Proliferative hepatocellular lesions of the rat: review and future use in risk assessment. Toxicol Ind Health 1987; 3:145-66. [PMID: 3590204 DOI: 10.1177/074823378700300106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Autrup H, Schwartz RD, Essigmann JM, Smith L, Trump BF, Harris CC. Metabolism of aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine by cultured rat and human colon. TERATOGENESIS, CARCINOGENESIS, AND MUTAGENESIS 1981; 1:3-13. [PMID: 6119799 DOI: 10.1002/tcm.1770010103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
A model system for comparing carcinogen metabolism between human and rat colon has been developed. Tissue explants maintained under chemically defined conditions were treated with radioactively labeled carcinogens. After incubation for 24 hours, the binding of radioactive carcinogen to DNA was quantitated. Further, the carcinogen-DNA adducts and carcinogen metabolites released into the culture media were identified. Both human and rat colon activate benzo[a]pyrene (BP), aflatoxin B1 (AFB), and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) into chemical species that reacted with cellular macromolecules. When human and rat colons were compared, the metabolism of AFB and DMH was qualitatively similar - the same major carcinogen-DNA adducts and metabolic profile. However, the mean binding levels of DMH and AFB to colonic DNA were higher in rats than in humans. BP-guanine adducts were the major adducts formed by both rat and human colonic DNA. However, BP-adenine adducts were observed in rat colonic DNA but not in human colonic DNA. A positive correlation for the binding of BP and DMH to human DNA of different individuals was observed, but no correlation was found between BP and AFB. The data suggest that similar enzyme systems may be involved in the metabolism of BP and DMH, whereas different enzymes might be involved in the metabolic activation of AFB.
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Chedid A, Halfman CJ, Greenberg SR. Hormonal influences on chemical carcinogenesis: studies with the aflatoxin B1 hepatocarcinoma model in the rat. Dig Dis Sci 1980; 25:869-74. [PMID: 6254737 DOI: 10.1007/bf01338530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The role of adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, and corticosterone on chemical carcinogenesis was investigated using the rat aflatoxin B1 hepatocarcinoma model. The animals were divided into untreated controls and various experimental groups receiving the carcinogen alone or the carcinogen with a hormone. Animals lost during the treatment period died mostly of massive hepatic necrosis. The results following 65 weeks of observation show that: (1) hormones decrease the toxicity of aflatoxin B1; (2) adrenocorticotropin possibly exerts its influence on aflatoxin B1 hepatocarcinogenesis through adrenal stimulation, and (3) in aflatoxin B1-adrenocorticotropin treated animals, hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, and malignant lymphoma may be observed.
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Pozharisski KM, Likhachev AJ, Klimashevski VF, Shaposhnikov JD. Experimental intestinal cancer research with special reference to human pathology. Adv Cancer Res 1979; 30:165-237. [PMID: 388992 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-230x(08)60897-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Lalor JH, Kimbrough TD, Llewellyn GC. Induction of duodenal serotonin production by dietary sodium selenite and aflatoxin B1. FOOD AND COSMETICS TOXICOLOGY 1978; 16:611-3. [PMID: 730088 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-6264(78)80231-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Voors AW, Johnson WD, Steele SH, Rothschild H. Relationship between respiratory cancer and wetlands residency in Louisiana. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 1978; 33:124-9. [PMID: 686835 DOI: 10.1080/00039896.1978.10667321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer mortality is high among white men residing in southern Louisiana parishes (counties). In an effort to elucidate this phenomenon, we studied three environmental correlates of cancer-namely, smoking, residence in urban communities, and residence in the wetlands. Multiple regression analysis was applied to cancer mortalities adjusted for age and urban residency, and specific for race, sex, amount of standing water area in the parish, and cancer site. Cancer sites were grouped according to their correlation with smoking: strong, moderate, and no correlation. For men, the smoking-related cancer mortality not only showed an association with residence in wetlands but also was higher in the Louisiana wetlands than in the remainder of the United States.
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Ohtsubo K, Saito M, Kimura H. High incidence of hepatic tumours in rats fed mouldy rice contaminated with Aspergillus versicolor containing sterigmatocystin. FOOD AND COSMETICS TOXICOLOGY 1978; 16:143-9. [PMID: 208934 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-6264(78)80194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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