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Agiba AM, Arreola-Ramírez JL, Carbajal V, Segura-Medina P. Light-Responsive and Dual-Targeting Liposomes: From Mechanisms to Targeting Strategies. Molecules 2024; 29:636. [PMID: 38338380 PMCID: PMC10856102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, nanocarriers have played an ever-increasing role in clinical and biomedical applications owing to their unique physicochemical properties and surface functionalities. Lately, much effort has been directed towards the development of smart, stimuli-responsive nanocarriers that are capable of releasing their cargos in response to specific stimuli. These intelligent-responsive nanocarriers can be further surface-functionalized so as to achieve active tumor targeting in a sequential manner, which can be simply modulated by the stimuli. By applying this methodological approach, these intelligent-responsive nanocarriers can be directed to different target-specific organs, tissues, or cells and exhibit on-demand controlled drug release that may enhance therapeutic effectiveness and reduce systemic toxicity. Light, an external stimulus, is one of the most promising triggers for use in nanomedicine to stimulate on-demand drug release from nanocarriers. Light-triggered drug release can be achieved through light irradiation at different wavelengths, either in the UV, visible, or even NIR region, depending on the photophysical properties of the photo-responsive molecule embedded in the nanocarrier system, the structural characteristics, and the material composition of the nanocarrier system. In this review, we highlighted the emerging functional role of light in nanocarriers, with an emphasis on light-responsive liposomes and dual-targeted stimuli-responsive liposomes. Moreover, we provided the most up-to-date photo-triggered targeting strategies and mechanisms of light-triggered drug release from liposomes and NIR-responsive nanocarriers. Lastly, we addressed the current challenges, advances, and future perspectives for the deployment of light-responsive liposomes in targeted drug delivery and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Agiba
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico;
| | - José Luis Arreola-Ramírez
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.L.A.-R.); (V.C.)
| | - Verónica Carbajal
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.L.A.-R.); (V.C.)
| | - Patricia Segura-Medina
- Departamento de Investigación en Hiperreactividad Bronquial, Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Calzada de Tlalpan 4502, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (J.L.A.-R.); (V.C.)
- Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Mexico City 14380, Mexico
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Rahman KMM, Giram P, Foster BA, You Y. Photodynamic Therapy for Bladder Cancers, A Focused Review †. Photochem Photobiol 2023; 99:420-436. [PMID: 36138552 PMCID: PMC10421568 DOI: 10.1111/php.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is the first cancer for which PDT was clinically approved in 1993. Unfortunately, it was unsuccessful due to side effects like bladder contraction. Here, we summarized the recent progress of PDT for bladder cancers, focusing on photosensitizers and formulations. General strategies to minimize side effects are intravesical administration of photosensitizers, use of targeting strategies for photosensitizers and better control of light. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancers are more suitable for PDT than muscle invasive and metastatic bladder cancers. In 2010, the FDA approved blue light cystoscopy, using PpIX fluorescence, for photodynamic diagnosis of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. PpIX produced from HAL was also used in PDT but was not successful due to low therapeutic efficacy. To enhance the efficacy of PpIX-PDT, we have been working on combining it with singlet oxygen-activatable prodrugs. The use of these prodrugs increases the therapeutic efficacy of the PpIX-PDT. It also improves tumor selectivity of the prodrugs due to the preferential formation of PpIX in cancer cells resulting in decreased off-target toxicity. Future challenges include improving prodrugs and light delivery across the bladder barrier to deeper tumor tissue and generating an effective therapeutic response in an In vivo setting without causing collateral damage to bladder function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazi Md Mahabubur Rahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Prabhanjan Giram
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Barbara A. Foster
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY
| | - Youngjae You
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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3
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Advances in Liposome-Encapsulated Phthalocyanines for Photodynamic Therapy. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13020305. [PMID: 36836662 PMCID: PMC9965606 DOI: 10.3390/life13020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This updated review aims to describe the current status in the development of liposome-based systems for the targeted delivery of phthalocyanines for photodynamic therapy (PDT). Although a number of other drug delivery systems (DDS) can be found in the literature and have been studied for phthalocyanines or similar photosensitizers (PSs), liposomes are by far the closest to clinical practice. PDT itself finds application not only in the selective destruction of tumour tissues or the treatment of microbial infections, but above all in aesthetic medicine. From the point of view of administration, some PSs can advantageously be delivered through the skin, but for phthalocyanines, systemic administration is more suitable. However, systemic administration places higher demands on advanced DDS, active tissue targeting and reduction of side effects. This review focuses on the already described liposomal DDS for phthalocyanines, but also describes examples of DDS used for structurally related PSs, which can be assumed to be applicable to phthalocyanines as well.
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Ivanova-Radkevich VI. Biochemical Basis of Selective Accumulation and Targeted Delivery of Photosensitizers to Tumor Tissues. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1226-1242. [PMID: 36509715 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922110025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The method of photodynamic therapy for treatment of malignant neoplasms is based on the selective of accumulation of photosensitizers in the tumor tissue. Insufficient selectivity of photosensitizers in relation to pathologically altered tissues and generalized distribution throughout the body leads to the development of severe toxic effects, including skin phototoxicity. The mechanisms underlying selectivity of photosensitizers for tumor tissue include selective binding to blood proteins and lipoproteins (considering that the number of receptors for those is increased on tumor cell membranes), uptake by macrophages, better solubility at low pH (acidic pH is characteristic of tumor cells), and other mechanisms. At present, increase in the efficiency of photodynamic therapy is largely associated with the additional targeting of photosensitizers to tumor tissues. Targeted delivery strategies are based on the differences in metabolism and gene expression profiles between the tumor and healthy cells. There are differences in expression of receptors, proteases, or transmembrane transporters in these cells. In particular, accelerated metabolism in many types of tumors leads to overexpression of receptors for epidermal growth factor, folic acid, transferrin, and a number of other compounds. This review considers biochemical basis for the selective accumulation of various classes of photosensitizers in tumors (chlorins, phthalocyanines, 5-aminolevulinic acid derivatives, etc.) and discusses various strategies of targeted delivery with emphasis on conjugation of photosensitizers with the receptor ligands overexpressed in tumor cells.
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Xin J, Fu L, Wang S, Wang J, Zhang Z, Yao C. Plasmon-Enhanced Photodynamic Therapy for Gastric Cancer by Integrating Targeted Gold Nanorods and Photosensitizer. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2022. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2022.3346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles are widely used for biomedical purposes because of their unique optical, surface plasmon resonance properties, ease of surface functionalization, and high load capacity. Gold nanorods (AuNR), which are rod-shaped gold nanoparticles, have been used as an effective
photodynamic treatment (PDT) carrier to boost singlet oxygen (SOG) generation through localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect and then improve PDT efficacy. However, the suitable spatial location should be established to enable photosensitizer to feel the LSPR enhancement. In this
study, we utilized multifunctional PEG chain to adjust efficient distance to induce more photosensitizers to feel the enhanced LSPR effect of AuNR and used a novel gastric tumor angiogenesis marker to prevent the uncontrolled LSPR shift induced by the aggregation of AuNR, and then acquire
plasmon-enhanced PDT. The synthesized nano-system of integrated photosensitizer and targeted AuNR could significantly enhance SOG generation and improve the apoptosis-inducing ability through activation of the mitochondria-mediated apoptotic pathway, and -shorten the induction time for apoptosis,
thus acquire efficient plasmon-enhanced PDT. Comparing to the normal photosensitizer, half of the targeted photosensitizer produce same antitumor effect, which improves maximum tolerable dose. Generally, this novel targeted delivery system is a promising agent of plasmon-enhanced PDT for gastric
cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Xi’an Jiaotong University, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an,
Shaanxi 710049, China
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Transferrin conjugated Stealth liposomes for sirolimus active targeting in breast cancer. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2021.102900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Azevedo RB, Feron O, Amorim CA. Photodynamic cancer therapy using liposomes as an advanced vesicular photosensitizer delivery system. J Control Release 2021; 339:75-90. [PMID: 34562540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The multidisciplinary field of photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a combination of photochemistry and photophysics sciences, which has shown tremendous potential for cancer therapy application. PDT employs a photosensitizing agent (PS) and light to form cytotoxic reactive oxygen species and subsequently oxidize light-exposed tissue. Despite numerous advantages of PDT and enormous progress in this field, common PSs are still far from ideal treatment because of their poor permeability, non-specific phototoxicity, side effects, hydrophobicity, weak bioavailability, and tendency to self-aggregation. To circumvent these limitations, PS can be encapsulated in liposomes, an advanced drug delivery system that has demonstrated the ability to enhance drug permeability into biological membranes and loading both hydrophobic and lipophilic agents. Moreover, liposomes can also be coated by targeting agents to improve delivery efficiency. The present review aims to summarize the principles of PDT, various PS generations, PS-loaded nanoparticles, liposomes, and their impact on PDT, then discuss recent photodynamic cancer therapy strategies using liposomes as PS-loaded vectors, and highlight future possibilities and perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ricardo Bentes Azevedo
- Laboratory of Nanobiotechnology, Department of Genetics and Morphology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pôle de Pharmacologie et thérapeutique, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Gynécologie, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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Recent advances in active targeting of nanomaterials for anticancer drug delivery. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 296:102509. [PMID: 34455211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2021.102509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
One of the challenges in cancer chemotherapy is the low target to non-target ratio of therapeutic agents which incur severe adverse effect on the healthy tissues. In this regard, nanomaterials have tremendous potential for impacting cancer therapy by altering the toxicity profile of the drug. Some of the striking advantages provided by the nanocarriers mediated targeted drug delivery are relatively high build-up of drug concentration at the tumor site, improved drug content in the formulation and enhanced colloidal stability. Further, nanocarriers with tumor-specific moieties can be targeted to the cancer cell through cell surface receptors, tumor antigens and tumor vasculatures with high affinity and accuracy. Moreover, it overcomes the bottleneck of aimless drug biodistribution, undesired toxicity and heavy dosage of administration. This review discusses the recent developments in active targeting of nanomaterials for anticancer drug delivery through cancer cell surface targeting, organelle specific targeting and tumor microenvironment targeting strategies. Special emphasis has been given towards cancer cell surface and organelle specific targeting as delivery of anticancer drugs through these routes have made paradigm change in cancer management. Further, the current challenges and future prospects of nanocarriers mediated active drug targeting are also demonstrated.
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Bhandari C, Guirguis M, Savan NA, Shrivastava N, Oliveira S, Hasan T, Obaid G. What NIR photodynamic activation offers molecular targeted nanomedicines: Perspectives into the conundrum of tumor specificity and selectivity. NANO TODAY 2021; 36:101052. [PMID: 33552231 PMCID: PMC7864390 DOI: 10.1016/j.nantod.2020.101052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Near infrared (NIR) photodynamic activation is playing increasingly critical roles in cutting-edge anti-cancer nanomedicines, which include spatiotemporal control over induction of therapy, photodynamic priming, and phototriggered immunotherapy. Molecular targeted photonanomedicines (mt-PNMs) are tumor-specific nanoscale drug delivery systems, which capitalize on the unparalleled spatio-temporal precision of NIR photodynamic activation to augment the accuracy of tumor tissue treatment. mt-PNMs are emerging as a paradigm approach for the targeted treatment of solid tumors, yet remain highly complex and multifaceted. While ligand targeted nanomedicines in general suffer from interdependent challenges in biophysics, surface chemistry and nanotechnology, mt-PNMs provide distinct opportunities to synergistically potentiate the effects of ligand targeting. This review provides what we believe to be a much-need demarcation between the processes involved in tumor specificity (biomolecular recognition events) and tumor selectivity (preferential tumor accumulation) of ligand targeted nanomedicines, such as mt-PNMs, and elaborate on what NIR photodynamic activation has to offer. We discuss the interplay between both tumor specificity and tumor selectivity and the degree to which both may play central roles in cutting-edge NIR photoactivable nanotechnologies. A special emphasis is made on NIR photoactivable biomimetic nanotechnologies that capitalize on both specificity and selectivity phenomena to augment the safety and efficacy of photodynamic anti-tumor regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanda Bhandari
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - Mina Guirguis
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - N. Anna Savan
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, U.S
| | - Navadeep Shrivastava
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
| | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CH, The Netherlands
- Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Science Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CG, The Netherlands
| | - Tayyaba Hasan
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, U.S
- Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, U.S
| | - Girgis Obaid
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas 75080, U.S
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Aires Fernandes M, O. Eloy J, Tavares Luiz M, Ramos Junior SL, Borges JC, Rodríguez de la Fuente L, Ortega-de San Luis C, Maldonado Marchetti J, Santos-Martinez MJ, Chorilli M. Transferrin-functionalized liposomes for docetaxel delivery to prostate cancer cells. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.125806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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11
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Das S, Tiwari M, Mondal D, Sahoo BR, Tiwari DK. Growing tool-kit of photosensitizers for clinical and non-clinical applications. J Mater Chem B 2020; 8:10897-10940. [PMID: 33165483 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02085k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizers are photosensitive molecules utilized in clinical and non-clinical applications by taking advantage of light-mediated reactive oxygen generation, which triggers local and systemic cellular toxicity. Photosensitizers are used for diverse biological applications such as spatio-temporal inactivation of a protein in a living system by chromophore-assisted light inactivation, localized cell photoablation, photodynamic and immuno-photodynamic therapy, and correlative light-electron microscopy imaging. Substantial efforts have been made to develop several genetically encoded, chemically synthesized, and nanotechnologically driven photosensitizers for successful implementation in redox biology applications. Genetically encoded photosensitizers (GEPS) or reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating proteins have the advantage of using them in the living system since they can be manipulated by genetic engineering with a variety of target-specific genes for the precise spatio-temporal control of ROS generation. The GEPS variety is limited but is expanding with a variety of newly emerging GEPS proteins. Apart from GEPS, a large variety of chemically- and nanotechnologically-empowered photosensitizers have been developed with a major focus on photodynamic therapy-based cancer treatment alone or in combination with pre-existing treatment methods. Recently, immuno-photodynamic therapy has emerged as an effective cancer treatment method using smartly designed photosensitizers to initiate and engage the patient's immune system so as to empower the photosensitizing effect. In this review, we have discussed various types of photosensitizers, their clinical and non-clinical applications, and implementation toward intelligent efficacy, ROS efficiency, and target specificity in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Das
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Environment, Goa University, Taleigao Plateau, Goa 403206, India.
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12
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Yoon HY, Yang HM, Kim CH, Goo YT, Kang MJ, Lee S, Choi YW. Current status of the development of intravesical drug delivery systems for the treatment of bladder cancer. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2020; 17:1555-1572. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2020.1810016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ho Yub Yoon
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Mang Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Yoon Tae Goo
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Sangkil Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Keimyung University, Daegu, Korea
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Alfaifi AA, Heyder RS, Bielski ER, Almuqbil RM, Kavdia M, Gerk PM, da Rocha SRP. Megalin-targeting liposomes for placental drug delivery. J Control Release 2020; 324:366-378. [PMID: 32461116 PMCID: PMC8247794 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Every year, complications during pregnancy affect more than 26 million women. Some of those diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, as is the case of preeclampsia, the main cause of maternal deaths globally. The ability to improve the delivery of drugs to the placenta upon administration to the mother may offer new opportunities in the treatment of diseases of pregnancy. The objective of this study was to develop megalin-targeting liposome nanocarriers for placental drug delivery. Megalin is a transmembrane protein involved in clathrin-mediated endocytic processes, and is expressed in the syncytiotrophoblast (SynT), an epithelial layer at maternal-fetal interface. Targeting megalin thus offers an opportunity for the liposomes to hitchhike into the SynT, thus enriching the concentration of any associated therapeutic cargo in the placental tissue. PEGylated (2 KDa) lipids were modified with gentamicin (GM), a substrate to megalin receptors as we have shown in earlier studies, and used to prepare placental-targeting liposomes. The ability of the targeting liposomes to enhance accumulation of a fluorescence probe was assessed in an in vivo placental model - timed-pregnant Balb/c mice at gestational day (GD) 18.5. The targeting liposomes containing 10 mol% GM-modified lipids increased the accumulation of the conjugated fluorescence probe in the placenta with a total accumulation of 2.8% of the initial dose, which corresponds to a 94 fold increase in accumulation compared to the free probe (p < .0001), and 2-4 fold accumulation compared to the non-targeting control liposomes (p < .0001), as measured by both tissue extraction assay and ex vivo imaging. Furthermore, confocal images of placental SynT cross-sections show a 3-fold increase of the targeting liposomes compared with the non-targeting liposomes. The rate and extent of uptake of a fluorescent probe encapsulated within targeting liposomes was also probed in an in vitro model of the human placental barrier (polarized BeWo monolayers) using flow cytometry. Targeting liposomes containing 5 mol% GM-modified lipids enhanced the uptake of the probe by 1.5 fold compared to the non-targeting control. An increase to 10 mol% of the modified lipid resulted in further enhancement in uptake, which was 2 fold greater compared to control. In a competition assay, inhibition of the megalin receptors resulted in a significant reduction in uptake of the fluorescence probe encapsulated in GM-modified liposomes compared to the uptake without free inhibitor (p < .0001), implicating the involvement of megalin receptor in the internalization of the liposomes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that megalin-targeted liposomes may offer an opportunity to enhance the delivery of therapeutics to the placenta for the treatment of diseases of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Alfaifi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo S Heyder
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth R Bielski
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Rashed M Almuqbil
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States of America
| | - Phillip M Gerk
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America
| | - Sandro R P da Rocha
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America; Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences - School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States of America.
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Chizenga EP, Abrahamse H. Nanotechnology in Modern Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer: A Review of Cellular Resistance Patterns Affecting the Therapeutic Response. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12070632. [PMID: 32640564 PMCID: PMC7407821 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12070632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a potential therapeutic option for most localized cancers. Its high measure of specificity and minimal risk of side effects compared to other therapies has put PDT on the forefront of cancer research in the current era. The primary cause of treatment failure and high mortality rates is the occurrence of cancer resistance to therapy. Hence, PDT is designed to be selective and tumor-specific. However, because of complex biological characteristics and cell signaling, cancer cells have shown a propensity to acquire cellular resistance to PDT by modulating the photosensitization process or its products. Fortunately, nanotechnology has provided many answers in biomedical and clinical applications, and modern PDT now employs the use of nanomaterials to enhance its efficacy and mitigate the effects of acquired resistance. This review, therefore, sought to scrutinize the mechanisms of cellular resistance that affect the therapeutic response with an emphasis on the use of nanomaterials as a way of overriding cancer cell resistance. The resistance mechanisms that have been reported are complex and photosensitizer (PS)-specific. We conclude that altering the structure of PSs using nanotechnology is an ideal paradigm for enhancing PDT efficacy in the presence of cellular resistance.
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15
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Yu K, Liu M, Dai H, Huang X. Targeted drug delivery systems for bladder cancer therapy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2020.101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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16
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Bogoeva V, Petrova L, Bouckaert J, Yordanova A, Ivanov I, Vanderesse R, Frochot C. Dual function of lectins — new perspectives in targeted photodynamic therapy. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424619300209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Porphyrins and phthalocyanines are photosensitizers (PS) that are used in clinical imaging, detection of cancer cells and are particularly applied in photodynamic therapy (PDT). Many scientists have been focused on the design of different porphyrin compounds. However, similar to other anti-cancer agents, they cannot selectively recognize tumor tissues. Scientists are seeking new methods to overcome this problem and to find appropriate targeted delivery strategies. Plant lectins are especially suitable molecules for such targeting as they preferentially recognize specific antigens on the glycosylated cancer cells. This review will give more detailed information about the dual function of lectins and their interactions with PSs, which is a new perspective in targeted PDT. The implications and potential applications of such studies will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya Bogoeva
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev”, Str. Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lidiya Petrova
- Medical University of Pleven, Department of Anatomy, Histology, Cytology and Biology, 1, “Sv. Kliment Ohridski Str.”, 5800 Pleven, Bulgaria
| | - Julie Bouckaert
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionelle (UGSF), UMR 8576 of the University of Lille and CNRS, 50 Av. de Halley, 59658 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
| | - Anna Yordanova
- Institute of Molecular Biology “Roumen Tsanev”, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev”, Str. Bl. 21, 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivan Ivanov
- Institute of Catalysis, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, “Acad. G. Bonchev” Str., 1113, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Régis Vanderesse
- LCPM UMR 7375 CNRS-University of Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451 54001 Nancy CEDEX, France
| | - Céline Frochot
- LRGP UMR 7274 CNRS-University of Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, BP20451 54001 Nancy CEDEX, France
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Zheng Y, Li Z, Chen H, Gao Y. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for controllable photodynamic cancer therapy. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 144:105213. [PMID: 31926941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Compared with the traditional treatment, photodynamic therapy (PDT) in the treatment of malignant tumors has the advantages of less damage to normal tissues, quick therapeutic effect, and ability to repeat treatments to the same site. However, most of the traditional photosensitizers (PSs) have severe skin photosensitization, poor tumor targeting, and low therapeutic effect in hypoxic tumor environment, which limit the application of PDT. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can improve the targeting of PSs and release drugs with controllable photoactivity at predetermined locations, so as to achieve desired therapeutic effects with minimal side-effects. The present review summarizes the current nanoparticle platforms for PDT, and offers the description of different strategies including tumor-targeted delivery, controlled-release of PSs and the triggered photoactivity to achieve controllable PDT by nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. The challenges and prospects for further development of intelligent PSs for PDT are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Zheng
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Ziying Li
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Haijun Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Cancer Metastasis Alert and Prevention Center, College of Chemistry, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Metastasis Chemoprevention and Chemotherapy, Fuzhou University, 2 Xueyuan Road, Yangguang Building, 6FL., Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China.
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18
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Al-Attar T, Madihally SV. Targeted cancer treatment using a combination of siRNA-liposomes and resveratrol-electrospun fibers in co-cultures. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118599. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Garcia Ribeiro RS, Belderbos S, Danhier P, Gallo J, Manshian BB, Gallez B, Bañobre M, de Cuyper M, Soenen SJ, Gsell W, Himmelreich U. Targeting tumor cells and neovascularization using RGD-functionalized magnetoliposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2019; 14:5911-5924. [PMID: 31534330 PMCID: PMC6681073 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s214041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Magnetoliposomes (MLs) have shown great potential as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and as delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. Targeting the MLs towards the tumor cells or neovascularization could ensure delivery of drugs at the tumor site. In this study, we evaluated the potential of MLs targeting the αvβ3 integrin overexpressed on tumor neovascularization and different tumor cell types, including glioma and ovarian cancer. Methods MLs functionalized with a Texas Red fluorophore (anionic MLs), and with the fluorophore and the cyclic Arginine-Glycine-Aspartate (cRGD; cRGD-MLs) targeting the αvβ3 integrin, were produced in-house. Swiss nude mice were subcutaneously injected with 107 human ovarian cancer SKOV-3 cells. Tumors were allowed to grow for 3 weeks before injection of anionic or cRGD-MLs. Biodistribution of MLs was followed up with a 7T preclinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner and fluorescence imaging (FLI) right after injection, 2h, 4h, 24h and 48h post injection. Ex vivo intratumoral ML uptake was confirmed using FLI, electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and histology at different time points post injection. Results In vivo, we visualized a higher uptake of cRGD-MLs in SKOV-3 xenografts compared to control, anionic MLs with both MRI and FLI. Highest ML uptake was seen after 4h using MRI, but only after 24h using FLI indicating the lower sensitivity of this technique. Furthermore, ex vivo EPR and FLI confirmed the highest tumoral ML uptake at 4 h. Last, a Perl’s stain supported the presence of our iron-based particles in SKOV-3 xenografts. Conclusion Uptake of cRGD-MLs can be visualized using both MRI and FLI, even though the latter was less sensitive due to lower depth penetration. Furthermore, our results indicate that cRGD-MLs can be used to target SKOV-3 xenograft in Swiss nude mice. Therefore, the further development of this particles into theranostics would be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sofia Garcia Ribeiro
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Sarah Belderbos
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Juan Gallo
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Bella B Manshian
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique De Louvain, Brussels B-1200, Belgium
| | - Manuel Bañobre
- Diagnostic Tools and Methods/Advanced (Magnetic) Theranostic Nanostructures Lab, International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), PT-Braga 4715-330, Portugal
| | - Marcel de Cuyper
- Laboratory of Bionanocolloids, Interdisciplinary Research Centre, KULAK/KU Leuven, Kortrijk B-8500, Belgium
| | - Stefaan J Soenen
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Willy Gsell
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Biomedical MRI/MoSAIC, Department of Imaging and Pathology, Biomedical Sciences Group, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
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20
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Xin J, Wang S, Zhang L, Xin B, He Y, Wang J, Wang S, Shen L, Zhang Z, Yao C. Comparison of the synergistic anticancer activity of AlPcS4 photodynamic therapy in combination with different low‑dose chemotherapeutic agents on gastric cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2018; 40:165-178. [PMID: 29767247 PMCID: PMC6059740 DOI: 10.3892/or.2018.6438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited cellular delivery and internalization efficiency of Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (AlPcS4) induce poor penetration ability in cells and a slight photodynamic therapy (PDT) effect on gastric cancer. The combination treatment of AlPcS4/PDT with low-dose chemotherapeutic agents may provide a promising treatment strategy to increase the weak delivery efficiency of AlPcS4, reducing the dose of chemical agents without reducing efficacy, and improving apoptosis-inducing abilities, thereby increasing the antitumor effects and decreasing the noxious side effects on gastric cancer. We investigated and compared the synergistic antitumor growth effect on gastric cancer cells by combining AlPcS4/PDT treatment with different low-dose chemotherapeutic agents, namely, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), doxorubicin (DOX), cisplatin (CDDP), mitomycin C (MMC), and vincristine (VCR). The inhibitory effect was increased in treatments that combined AlPcS4/PDT with all the aforementioned low-dose chemotherapeutic agents, to a different extent. An evident synergistic effect was obtained in the combination treatment of AlPcS4/PDT with low-dose 5-FU, DOX, and MMC by increasing AlPcS4 intracellular uptake ability, improving apoptosis-inducing abilities, and prolonging apoptosis-inducing time. The low-dose chemotherapeutic agents prolonged the apoptosis-inducing period of AlPcS4/PDT, and AlPcS4/PDT quickly improved apoptosis-inducing abilities of chemotherapy even at low doses. Generally, the combination treatment of AlPcS4/PDT with low-dose chemotherapeutic agents had significant antitumor growth effects in addition to a low dark-cytotoxicity effect on gastric cancer, thereby representing an effective and feasible therapy method for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Senhao Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Bo Xin
- Xi'an Fanyi University, School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710105, P.R. China
| | - Yulu He
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Lijian Shen
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, Xi'an Jiaotong University, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of The Ministry of Education, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China
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21
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Xin J, Wang S, Wang B, Wang J, Wang J, Zhang L, Xin B, Shen L, Zhang Z, Yao C. AlPcS 4-PDT for gastric cancer therapy using gold nanorod, cationic liposome, and Pluronic ® F127 nanomicellar drug carriers. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:2017-2036. [PMID: 29670347 PMCID: PMC5894760 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s154054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose As a promising photodynamic therapy (PDT) agent, Al(III) phthalocyanine chloride tetrasulfonic acid (AlPcS4) provides deep penetration into tissue, high quantum yields, good photostability, and low photobleaching. However, its low delivery efficiency and high binding affinity to serum albumin cause its low penetration into cancer cells, further limiting its PDT effect on gastric cancer. In order to improve AlPcS4/PDT effect, the AlPcS4 delivery sys tems with different drug carriers were synthesized and investigated. Materials and methods Gold nanorods, cationic liposomes, and Pluronic® F127 nanomicellars were used to formulate the AlPcS4 delivery systems. The anticancer effect was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and colony formation assay. The delivery efficiency of AlPcS4 and the binding affinity to serum proteins were determined by fluorescence intensity assay. The apoptosis and necrosis ability, reactive oxygen species and singlet oxygen generation, mitochondrial transmembrane potential and ([Ca2+]i) concentration were further measured to evaluate the mechanism of cell death. Results The series of synthesized AlPcS4 delivery systems with different drug carriers improve the limited PDT effect in varying degrees. In contrast, AlPcS4 complex with gold nanorods has significant anticancer effects because gold nanorods are not only suitable for AlPcS4 delivery, but also exhibit enhanced singlet oxygen generation effect and photothermal effect to induce cell death directly. Moreover, AlPcS4 complex with cationic liposomes shows the potent inhibition effect because of its optimal AlPcS4 delivery efficiency and ability to block serum albumin. In addition, AlPcS4 complex with Pluronic F127 exhibits inferior PDT effect but presents lower cytotoxicity, slower dissociation rate, and longer retention time of incorporated drugs; thus, F127–AlPcS4 is used for prolonged gastric cancer therapy. Conclusion The described AlPcS4 drug delivery systems provide promising agents for gastric cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xin
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiazhuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Luwei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Xin
- School of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Xi'an Fan Yi University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenxi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Education Ministry, Institute of Biomedical Analytical Technology and Instrumentation, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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22
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Nathan E, Vijayashree K, Harikrishna A, Takafuji M, Jintoku H, Ihara H, Rao NM. A novel photosensitizer: An l-glutamide lipid conjugate with improved properties for photodynamic therapy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 15:1476-1483. [PMID: 27874144 DOI: 10.1039/c6pp00304d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photosensitizers (PS) are used in photodynamic therapy to treat several cancers. The efficacy of photodynamic therapy (PDT) could be further improved by overcoming aggregation-dependent quenching of PS and by improving the biodistribution of the PS. In this work we attempted to overcome these issues by conjugating a PS with a lipid molecule and tested the liposomes prepared with this PS conjugated lipid for PDT. A novel lipid-porphyrin conjugate (1 : 1) was synthesized by attaching a PS, 5-(4-methoxycarbonylphenyl)-10,15,20-triphenyl-21H,23H-porphine, to the head group of a glutamide lipid. Two liposomal preparations, with egg phosphatidylcholine as the bulk lipid, were prepared viz. liposomes with PS conjugated lipid (LPSL) and PS entrapped in liposomes (PSL). At equimolar concentrations of the PS, both liposomal preparations were found to generate comparable amounts of reactive oxygen species as free PS upon light exposure. Electron micrographs and dynamic light scattering measurements indicated uniform and circular liposomes of 150 nm in size and near neutral zeta potential. Uptake of these liposomes by the human ovarian carcinoma cell line, SK-OV-3, was shown by FACS and confocal microscopy. Upon light exposure, the LPSL, i.e., with the conjugate lipid, have shown a substantial decrease (>4 times) in the PS requirement compared to PSL or free PS in its ability to cause light mediated cell death of SK-OV-3 cells. The light mediate cell death by LPSL was shown to be not dependent on the bulk properties of the lipid. Our data suggest a potential benefit of conjugating PS with a lipid in improving the efficiency of PDT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Nathan
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India.
| | - K Vijayashree
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India.
| | - A Harikrishna
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India.
| | - Makoto Takafuji
- Kumamoto University, Dept. Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science & Technology, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Hirokuni Jintoku
- Kumamoto University, Dept. Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science & Technology, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - Hirotaka Ihara
- Kumamoto University, Dept. Applied Chemistry and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science & Technology, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan.
| | - N M Rao
- CSIR-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Uppal Road, Hyderabad, 500007 India.
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Almeida-Marrero V, van de Winckel E, Anaya-Plaza E, Torres T, de la Escosura A. Porphyrinoid biohybrid materials as an emerging toolbox for biomedical light management. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:7369-7400. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00554g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The present article reviews the most important developing strategies in light-induced nanomedicine, based on the combination of porphyrinoid photosensitizers with a wide variety of biomolecules and biomolecular assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Eduardo Anaya-Plaza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
| | - Tomás Torres
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem)
| | - Andrés de la Escosura
- Departamento de Química Orgánica
- Universidad Autónoma de Madrid
- Cantoblanco 28049
- Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemistry (IAdChem)
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24
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Lojk J, Bregar VB, Strojan K, Hudoklin S, Veranič P, Pavlin M, Kreft ME. Increased endocytosis of magnetic nanoparticles into cancerous urothelial cells versus normal urothelial cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2017; 149:45-59. [PMID: 28821965 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-017-1605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The blood-urine barrier is the tightest and most impermeable barrier in the body and as such represents a problem for intravesical drug delivery applications. Differentiation-dependent low endocytotic rate of urothelial cells has already been noted; however, the differences in endocytosis of normal and cancer urothelial cells have not been exploited yet. Here we analysed the endocytosis of rhodamine B isothiocyanate-labelled polyacrylic acid-coated cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (NPs) in biomimetic urothelial in vitro models, i.e., in highly and partially differentiated normal urothelial cells, and in cancer cells of the papillary and invasive urothelial neoplasm. We demonstrated that NPs enter papillary and invasive urothelial neoplasm cells by ruffling of the plasma membrane and engulfment of NP aggregates by macropinocytotic mechanism. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and spectrophotometric analyses showed that the efficacy of NPs delivery into normal urothelial cells and intercellular space is largely restricted, while it is significantly higher in cancer urothelial cells. Moreover, we showed that the quantification of fluorescent NP internalization in cells or tissues based on fluorescence detection could be misleading and overestimated without TEM analysis. Our findings contribute to the understanding of endocytosis-mediated cellular uptake of NPs in cancer urothelial cells and reveal a highly selective mechanism to distinguish cancer and normal urothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasna Lojk
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vladimir Boštjan Bregar
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Klemen Strojan
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Samo Hudoklin
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Peter Veranič
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Trzaska cesta 25, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia. .,Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mateja Erdani Kreft
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Lee Y, Kischuk E, Crist S, Ratliff TL, Thompson DH. Targeting and Internalization of Liposomes by Bladder Tumor Cells Using a Fibronectin Attachment Protein-Derived Peptide-Lipopolymer Conjugate. Bioconjug Chem 2017; 28:1481-1490. [PMID: 28475311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.7b00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A synthetic peptidolipopolymer conjugate, incorporated into liposomes to promote specific binding to the fibronectin (FBN) matrix surrounding bladder tumor cells and promote cellular internalization of FBN-integrin complexes, is reported. The peptide promotes association with MB49 mouse model bladder tumor cells in a sequence-specific and concentration-dependent manner, with the maximum cell association occurring at 2 mol % RWFV-PEG2000-DSPE. Double PEGylation of the liposome membrane (i.e., 4 mol % mPEG1000-DSPE + 2 mol % RWFV-PEG2000-DSPE) enhanced binding by >1.6-fold, by improving ligand presentation on the liposome surface. The sequence specificity of the peptide-lipopolymer construct was confirmed by comparing liposomes containing RWFV-PEG2000-DSPE with scrambled and nonpeptidic lipopolymer liposomal formulations. MB49 tumor-bearing mice showed greater mean radiance values for FAP peptide-targeted liposomes in tumor-associated regions of interest than for nontargeted and scrambled peptide liposome formulations. These findings suggest that peptide-modified liposomes may be an attractive vehicle for targeted delivery to bladder tumors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Lee
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Erin Kischuk
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Scott Crist
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David H Thompson
- Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Multi-disciplinary Cancer Research Facility, Purdue University , 1203 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Oliveira MB, Villa Nova M, Bruschi ML. A review of recent developments on micro/nanostructured pharmaceutical systems for intravesical therapy of the bladder cancer. Pharm Dev Technol 2017; 23:1-12. [DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2017.1312441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Brito Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Mônica Villa Nova
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
| | - Marcos Luciano Bruschi
- Postgraduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Research and Development of Drug Delivery Systems, Department of Pharmacy, State University of Maringa, Maringa, Brazil
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Abstract
Introduction: Nanotechnology has revolutionized our approach to medical diagnostics as well as therapeutics and has spanned an entirely new branch of research. This review addresses the potential applications of Nanotechnology in Urology. This article is based on the Dr. Sitharaman Best Essay award of the Urological Society of India for 2016. Methods: A PubMed search was performed for all relevant articles using the terms, “nanotechnology, nanoparticles, nanoshells, nanoscaffolds, and nanofibers.” Results: The developments in diagnostics include novel techniques of imaging of genitourinary malignancies, prostate-specific antigen measurement, early detection of mutations that are diagnostic for polycystic kidney disease. The potential applications of nanotechnology are in the targeted therapy of genitourinary malignancies, erectile dysfunction, overactive bladder, bladder reconstruction, construction of artificial kidneys and biodegradable stents as well as in robotic surgery. Conclusions: Nanotechnology is a rapidly emerging branch of research in urology with diverse and clinically significant applications in diagnostics as well as therapeutics.
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Chitgupi U, Qin Y, Lovell JF. Targeted Nanomaterials for Phototherapy. Nanotheranostics 2017; 1:38-58. [PMID: 29071178 PMCID: PMC5646723 DOI: 10.7150/ntno.17694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Phototherapies involve the irradiation of target tissues with light. To further enhance selectivity and potency, numerous molecularly targeted photosensitizers and photoactive nanoparticles have been developed. Active targeting typically involves harnessing the affinity between a ligand and a cell surface receptor for improved accumulation in the targeted tissue. Targeting ligands including peptides, proteins, aptamers and small molecules have been explored for phototherapy. In this review, recent examples of targeted nanomaterials used in phototherapy are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jonathan F. Lovell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
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Calixto GMF, Bernegossi J, de Freitas LM, Fontana CR, Chorilli M. Nanotechnology-Based Drug Delivery Systems for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer: A Review. Molecules 2016; 21:342. [PMID: 26978341 PMCID: PMC6274468 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising alternative approach for improved cancer treatment. In PDT, a photosensitizer (PS) is administered that can be activated by light of a specific wavelength, which causes selective damage to the tumor and its surrounding vasculature. The success of PDT is limited by the difficulty in administering photosensitizers (PSs) with low water solubility, which compromises the clinical use of several molecules. Incorporation of PSs in nanostructured drug delivery systems, such as polymeric nanoparticles (PNPs), solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), hydrogels, liposomes, liquid crystals, dendrimers, and cyclodextrin is a potential strategy to overcome this difficulty. Additionally, nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems may improve the transcytosis of a PS across epithelial and endothelial barriers and afford the simultaneous co-delivery of two or more drugs. Based on this, the application of nanotechnology in medicine may offer numerous exciting possibilities in cancer treatment and improve the efficacy of available therapeutics. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems for photodynamic therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Maria Fioramonti Calixto
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Araraquara 14800-903 SP, Brazil.
| | - Jéssica Bernegossi
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Araraquara 14800-903 SP, Brazil.
| | - Laura Marise de Freitas
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara 14800-903 SP, Brazil.
| | - Carla Raquel Fontana
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Araraquara 14800-903 SP, Brazil.
| | - Marlus Chorilli
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Fármacos e Medicamentos, Araraquara 14800-903 SP, Brazil.
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Kaspler P, Lazic S, Forward S, Arenas Y, Mandel A, Lilge L. A ruthenium(ii) based photosensitizer and transferrin complexes enhance photo-physical properties, cell uptake, and photodynamic therapy safety and efficacy. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2016; 15:481-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c5pp00450k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Mixing the novel Ru2+complex TLD1433 with transferrin prior to administration generates a photosensitizing drug with reduced dark toxicity and improved photophysical properties including NIR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sarah Forward
- University Health Network
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower and University of Toronto
- Department of Medical Biophysics
- Toronto
- Canada
| | | | | | - Lothar Lilge
- University Health Network
- Princess Margaret Cancer Research Tower and University of Toronto
- Department of Medical Biophysics
- Toronto
- Canada
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31
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Zhang W, Peng F, Zhou T, Huang Y, Zhang L, Ye P, Lu M, Yang G, Gai Y, Yang T, Ma X, Xiang G. Targeted delivery of chemically modified anti-miR-221 to hepatocellular carcinoma with negatively charged liposomes. Int J Nanomedicine 2015; 10:4825-36. [PMID: 26251599 PMCID: PMC4524461 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s79598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Gene therapy was established as a new strategy for treating HCC. To explore the potential delivery system to support the gene therapy of HCC, negatively charged liposomal delivery system was used to deliver miR-221 antisense oligonucleotide (anti-miR-221) to the transferrin (Tf) receptor over expressed HepG2 cells. The liposome exhibited a mean particle size of 122.5 nm, zeta potential of −15.74 mV, anti-miR-221 encapsulation efficiency of 70%, and excellent colloidal stability at 4°C. Anti-miR-221-encapsulated Tf-targeted liposome demonstrated a 15-fold higher delivery efficiency compared to nontargeted liposome in HepG2 cells in vitro. Anti-miR-221 Tf-targeted liposome effectively delivered anti-miR-221 to HepG2 cells, upregulated miR-221 target genes PTEN, P27kip1, and TIMP3, and exhibited greater silencing efficiency over nontargeted anti-miR-221 liposome. After intravenous injection into HepG2 tumor-bearing xenografted mice with Cy3-labeled anti-miR-221 Tf-targeted liposome, Cy3-anti-miR-221 was successfully delivered to the tumor site and increased the expressions of PTEN, P27kip1, and TIMP3. Our results demonstrate that the Tf-targeted negatively charged liposome could be a potential therapeutic modality in the gene therapy of human HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendian Zhang
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangqi Peng
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Taotao Zhou
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Miao Lu
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Yang
- School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongkang Gai
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Tan Yang
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Ma
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangya Xiang
- school of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Affiliation(s)
- Sasidharan Swarnalatha Lucky
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117576
| | - Khee Chee Soo
- Division
of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 169610
| | - Yong Zhang
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences & Engineering (NGS), National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117456
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore 117576
- College
of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Zhejiang, P. R. China 321004
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Tomlinson B, Lin TY, Dall'Era M, Pan CX. Nanotechnology in bladder cancer: current state of development and clinical practice. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2015; 10:1189-201. [PMID: 25929573 PMCID: PMC4562431 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.14.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is being developed for the diagnosis and treatment of both nonmyoinvasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and invasive bladder cancer. The diagnostic applications of nanotechnology in NMIBC mainly focus on tumor identification during endoscopy to increase complete resection of bladder cancer while nanotechnology to capture malignant cells or their components continues to be developed. The therapeutic applications of nanotechnology in NMIBC are to reformulate biological and cytotoxic agents for intravesical instillation, combine both diagnostic and therapeutic application in one nanoformulation. In invasive and advanced bladder cancer, magnetic resonance imaging with supraparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles can improve the sensitivity and specificity in detecting small metastasis to lymph nodes. Nanoformulation of cytotoxic agents can potentially decrease the toxicity while increasing efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Tomlinson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Tzu-yin Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Marc Dall'Era
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
| | - Chong-Xian Pan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology & Oncology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, 4501 X Street, Suite 3016, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA
- VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, CA 95655, USA
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34
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Kuo YC, Chou PR. Neuroprotection against degeneration of sk-N-mc cells using neuron growth factor-encapsulated liposomes with surface cereport and transferrin. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2484-97. [PMID: 25041794 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Liposomes with Cereport (RMP-7) and transferrin (Tf) (RMP-7/Tf/liposomes) were employed to target the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and to inhibit the degeneration of neurons insulted with fibrillar β-amyloid peptide 1-42 (Aβ1-42). Neuron growth factor (NGF)-encapsulated RMP-7/Tf/liposomes (RMP-7/Tf/NGF-liposomes) were used to permeate a monolayer of human brain-microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) regulated by human astrocytes (HAs) and to treat Aβ1-42 -attacked SK-N-MC cells. An increase in RMT-7 concentration increased the particle size, zeta potential, propidium iodide (PI) permeability, and NGF permeability, but decreased the cross-linking efficiency of RMT-7, viability of HBMECs and HAs, and transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER). In addition, an increase in Tf concentration enhanced the particle size, viability of HBMECs, HAs, and SK-N-MC cells, PI permeability, and NGF permeability, but reduced the zeta potential, cross-linking efficiency of RMT-7 and Tf, and TEER. RMP-7/Tf/NGF-liposomes can transport NGF across the BBB and improve the neuroprotection for Alzheimer's disease therapy in preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan, 62102, Republic of China
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35
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Biswas S, Torchilin VP. Nanopreparations for organelle-specific delivery in cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 66:26-41. [PMID: 24270008 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
To efficiently deliver therapeutics into cancer cells, a number of strategies have been recently investigated. The toxicity associated with the administration of chemotherapeutic drugs due to their random interactions throughout the body necessitates the development of drug-encapsulating nanopreparations that significantly mask, or reduce, the toxic side effects of the drugs. In addition to reduced side effects associated with drug encapsulation, nanocarriers preferentially accumulate in tumors as a result of its abnormally leaky vasculature via the Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) effect. However, simple passive nanocarrier delivery to the tumor site is unlikely to be enough to elicit a maximum therapeutic response as the drug-loaded carriers must reach the intracellular target sites. Therefore, efficient translocation of the nanocarrier through the cell membrane is necessary for cytosolic delivery of the cargo. However, crossing the cell membrane barrier and reaching cytosol might still not be enough for achieving maximum therapeutic benefit, which necessitates the delivery of drugs directly to intracellular targets, such as bringing pro-apoptotic drugs to mitochondria, nucleic acid therapeutics to nuclei, and lysosomal enzymes to defective lysosomes. In this review, we discuss the strategies developed for tumor targeting, cytosolic delivery via cell membrane translocation, and finally organelle-specific targeting, which may be applied for developing highly efficacious, truly multifunctional, cancer-targeted nanopreparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Biswas
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA; Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Jawahar Nagar, Shameerpet, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh 500078, India
| | - Vladimir P Torchilin
- Center for Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, 360 Huntington Avenue, 140 The Fenway, Northeastern University, Boston, 02115, USA.
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36
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Ozpolat B, Sood AK, Lopez-Berestein G. Liposomal siRNA nanocarriers for cancer therapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 66:110-6. [PMID: 24384374 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 12/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA) have recently emerged as a new class of therapeutics with a great potential to revolutionize the treatment of cancer and other diseases. A specifically designed siRNA binds and induces post-transcriptional silencing of target genes (mRNA). Clinical applications of siRNA-based therapeutics have been limited by their rapid degradation, poor cellular uptake, and rapid renal clearance following systemic administration. A variety of synthetic and natural nanoparticles composed of lipids, polymers, and metals have been developed for siRNA delivery, with different efficacy and safety profiles. Liposomal nanoparticles have proven effective in delivering siRNA into tumor tissues by improving stability and bioavailability. While providing high transfection efficiency and a capacity to form complexes with negatively charged siRNA, cationic lipids/liposomes are highly toxic. Negatively charged liposomes, on the other hand, are rapidly cleared from circulation. To overcome these problems we developed highly safe and effective neutral lipid-based nanoliposomes that provide robust gene silencing in tumors following systemic (intravenous) administration. This delivery system demonstrated remarkable antitumor efficacy in various orthotopic human cancer models in animals. Here, we briefly overview this and other lipid-based approaches with preclinical applications in different tumor models for cancer therapy and potential applications as siRNA-nanotherapeutics in human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bulent Ozpolat
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Gynecologic Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gabriel Lopez-Berestein
- Departments of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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37
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Jung B, Anvari B. Virus-mimicking optical nanomaterials: near infrared absorption and fluorescence characteristics and physical stability in biological environments. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:7492-7500. [PMID: 23875529 DOI: 10.1021/am401800w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The use of viruses as platforms for the development of optical imaging materials has received increasing attention in recent years. We have engineered a hybrid nanomaterial composed of the capsid proteins of genome-depleted plant-infecting Brome mosaic virus that encapsulates the near-infrared (NIR) dye indocyanine green. Herein, we investigate the NIR absorption and fluorescence characteristics of these nanomaterials in biological environments consisting of cell culture media with and without serum proteins. Our results demonstrate that the NIR absorption and fluorescence emission of the constructs are enhanced in the presence of serum proteins. The constructs remain physically stable and maintain their NIR absorption and fluorescence properties for at least 79 days. The presence of serum proteins also reduces the aggregation of the constructs. These findings have relevance for the further development of optical imaging and phototherapeutic methods on the basis of such virus-mimicking nanomaterials as well as the expected optical and physical characteristics of these nanomaterials in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongsu Jung
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, United States
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Zhuo H, Peng Y, Yao Q, Zhou N, Zhou S, He J, Fang Y, Li X, Jin H, Lu X, Zhao Y. Tumor imaging and interferon-γ-inducible protein-10 gene transfer using a highly efficient transferrin-conjugated liposome system in mice. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4206-17. [PMID: 23759675 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We have developed a PEGylated transferrin-conjugated liposomes (PTf-Ls) system for the combined tumor imaging and targeted delivery of the IFN-γ-inducible protein-10 (IP-10) gene in a single macromolecular construct. Here, we characterize and analyze the use of this system in a mouse model of breast cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The biophysical and cell transfection properties of PTf-Ls were determined through a series of in vitro experiments. A nude mouse/breast cancer cell line xenograft model (mouse xenograft model) was used to image the tumor internalization of fluorescently labeled PTf-Ls. The clinical use of the system was tested by treating tumor-bearing mice with PTf-Ls loaded with IP-10 plasmid DNA or fluorescent lipoplexes. RESULTS The resulting 165-nm liposomes (zeta potential = -10.6 mV) displayed serum resistance, low cytotoxicity (<5%), and high transfection efficiency (≤82.8%) in cultured cells. Systemic intravenous administration of fluorescent PTf-Ls in the mouse xenograft model resulted in nanoparticle circulation for 72 hours, as well as selective and efficient internalization in tumor cells, according to in vivo fluorescence and bioluminescence analyses. Tumor fluorescence increased gradually up to 26 hours, whereas background fluorescence decreased to near-baseline levels. Treatment of mice with PTf-Ls entrapped pcDNA3.1-IP-10 suppressed tumor growth in mice by 79% on day 50 and increased the mean survival time of mice. Fluorescent pcDNA-IP-10-entrapped PTf-Ls showed good properties for simultaneous tumor-targeted imaging and gene-specific delivery in an animal tumor model. CONCLUSIONS Our developed transferrin-conjugated liposome system possesses promising characteristics for tumor-targeting, imaging, and gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Zhuo
- Central Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
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Abstract
Nanotechnology is a multidisciplinary field originating from the interaction of several different disciplines, such as engineering, physics, biology and chemistry. New materials and devices effectively interact with the body at molecular level, yielding a brand new range of highly selective and targeted applications designed to maximize the therapeutic efficiency while reducing the side effects. Liposomes, quantum dots, carbon nanotubes and superparamagnetic nanoparticles are among the most assessed nanotechnologies. Meanwhile, other futuristic platforms are paving the way toward a new scientific paradigm, able to deeply change the research path in the medical science. The growth of nanotechnology, driven by the dramatic advances in science and technology, clearly creates new opportunities for the development of the medical science and disease treatment in human health care. Despite the concerns and the on-going studies about their safety, nanotechnology clearly emerges as holding the promise of delivering one of the greatest breakthroughs in the history of medical science.
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40
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Transferrin conjugation does not increase the efficiency of liposomal Foscan during in vitro photodynamic therapy of oesophageal cancer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2013; 48:202-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2012.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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41
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Hsu JW, King M. Applications of Nanotechnology in Bladder Cancer Therapy. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2012. [DOI: 10.1260/2040-2295.3.4.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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42
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Zhang Y, Lovell JF. Porphyrins as theranostic agents from prehistoric to modern times. Theranostics 2012; 2:905-15. [PMID: 23082102 PMCID: PMC3475213 DOI: 10.7150/thno.4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Accepted: 08/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Long before humans roamed the planet, porphyrins in blood were serving not only as indispensable oxygen carriers, but also as the bright red contrast agent that unmistakably indicates injury sites. They have proven valuable as whole body imaging modalities have emerged, with endogenous hemoglobin porphyrins being used for new approaches such as functional magnetic resonance imaging and photoacoustic imaging. With the capability for both near infrared fluorescence imaging and phototherapy, porphyrins were the first exogenous agents that were employed with intrinsic multimodal theranostic character. Porphyrins have been used as tumor-specific diagnostic fluorescence imaging agents since 1924, as positron emission agents since 1951, and as magnetic resonance (MR) contrast agents since 1987. Exogenous porphyrins remain in clinical use for photodynamic therapy. Because they can chelate a wide range of metals, exogenous porphyrins have demonstrated potential for use in radiotherapy and multimodal imaging modalities. Going forward, intrinsic porphyrin biocompatibility and multimodality will keep new applications of this class of molecules at the forefront of theranostic research.
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Shining light on nanotechnology to help repair and regeneration. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 31:607-31. [PMID: 22951919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Revised: 08/10/2012] [Accepted: 08/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Phototherapy can be used in two completely different but complementary therapeutic applications. While low level laser (or light) therapy (LLLT) uses red or near-infrared light alone to reduce inflammation, pain and stimulate tissue repair and regeneration, photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses the combination of light plus non-toxic dyes (called photosensitizers) to produce reactive oxygen species that can kill infectious microorganisms and cancer cells or destroy unwanted tissue (neo-vascularization in the choroid, atherosclerotic plaques in the arteries). The recent development of nanotechnology applied to medicine (nanomedicine) has opened a new front of advancement in the field of phototherapy and has provided hope for the development of nanoscale drug delivery platforms for effective killing of pathological cells and to promote repair and regeneration. Despite the well-known beneficial effects of phototherapy and nanomaterials in producing the killing of unwanted cells and promoting repair and regeneration, there are few reports that combine all three elements i.e. phototherapy, nanotechnology and, tissue repair and regeneration. However, these areas in all possible binary combinations have been addressed by many workers. The present review aims at highlighting the combined multi-model applications of phototherapy, nanotechnology and, reparative and regeneration medicine and outlines current strategies, future applications and limitations of nanoscale-assisted phototherapy for the management of cancers, microbial infections and other diseases, and to promote tissue repair and regeneration.
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Master AM, Livingston M, Oleinick NL, Sen Gupta A. Optimization of a nanomedicine-based silicon phthalocyanine 4 photodynamic therapy (Pc 4-PDT) strategy for targeted treatment of EGFR-overexpressing cancers. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2331-8. [PMID: 22775587 DOI: 10.1021/mp300256e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The current clinical mainstays for cancer treatment, namely, surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, can cause significant trauma, systemic toxicity, and functional/cosmetic debilitation of tissue, especially if repetitive treatment becomes necessary due to tumor recurrence. Hence there is significant clinical interest in alternate treatment strategies like photodynamic therapy (PDT) which can effectively and selectively eradicate tumors and can be safely repeated if needed. We have previously demonstrated that the second-generation photosensitizer Pc 4 (silicon phthalocyanine 4) can be formulated within polymeric micelles, and these micelles can be specifically targeted to EGFR-overexpressing cancer cells using GE11 peptide ligands, to enhance cell-specific Pc 4 delivery and internalization. In the current study, we report on the in vitro optimization of the EGFR-targeting, Pc 4 loading of the micellar nanoformulation, along with optimization of the corresponding photoirradiation conditions to maximize Pc 4 delivery, internalization, and subsequent PDT-induced cytotoxicity in EGFR-overexpressing cells in vitro. In our studies, absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to monitor the cell-specific uptake of the GE11-decorated Pc 4-loaded micelles and the cytotoxic singlet oxygen production from the micelle-encapsulated Pc 4, to determine the optimum ligand density and Pc 4 loading. It was found that the micelle formulations bearing 10 mol % of GE11-modified polymer component resulted in the highest cellular uptake in EGFR-overexpressing A431 cells within the shortest incubation periods. Also, the loading of ∼ 50 μg of Pc 4 per mg of polymer in these micellar formulations resulted in the highest levels of singlet oxygen production. When formulations bearing these optimized parameters were tested in vitro on A431 cells for PDT effect, a formulation dose containing 400 nM Pc 4 and photoirradiation duration of 400 s at a fluence of 200 mJ/cm(2) yielded close to 100% cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M Master
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 2071 Martin Luther King Drive, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, United States
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Chen Z, Deng J, Zhao Y, Tao T. Cyclic RGD peptide-modified liposomal drug delivery system: enhanced cellular uptake in vitro and improved pharmacokinetics in rats. Int J Nanomedicine 2012; 7:3803-11. [PMID: 22888235 PMCID: PMC3414220 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s33541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Integrins αvβ3 and αvβ5, both of which specifically recognize the Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) motif, are overexpressed on many solid tumors and in tumor neovasculature. Thus, coupling the RGD motif to the liposomal surface for achieving active targeting can be a promising strategy for the treatment of tumors. Methods Cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp-D-Phe-Cys) (cRGD) was covalently coupled with the liposomal membrane surface, followed by coating with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) using the post-insertion technique. The coupling efficiency of cRGD was determined. Doxorubicin as a model anticancer drug was loaded into liposomes using an ammonium sulfate gradient method to investigate the encapsulation efficiency, cellular uptake by the integrin-overexpressing human glioma cell line U87MG in vitro, and pharmacokinetic properties in Sprague-Dawley rats. Results cRGD was conjugated to the liposomal surface by a thiol-maleimide coupling reaction. The coupling efficiency reached 98%. The encapsulation efficiency of doxorubicin in liposomes was more than 98%. The flow cytometry test result showed that cRGD-modified liposomes (RGD-DXRL-PEG) had higher cell uptake by U87MG cells, compared with nontargeted liposomes (DXRL-PEG). The cellular uptake was significantly inhibited in the presence of excess free cRGD. Both the targeted (t1/2 = 24.10 hours) and non-targeted (t1/2 = 25.32 hours) liposomes showed long circulating properties in rat plasma. The area under the curve of the targeted and nontargeted liposomes was 6.4-fold and 8.3-fold higher than that of doxorubicin solution, respectively. Conclusion This study indicates preferential targeting and long circulating properties for cRGD-modified liposomes in vivo, which could be used as a potential targeted liposomal drug delivery system to treat human glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongya Chen
- National Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Rapozzi V, Zorzet S, Zacchigna M, Drioli S, Xodo LE. The PDT activity of free and pegylated pheophorbide a against an amelanotic melanoma transplanted in C57/BL6 mice. Invest New Drugs 2012; 31:192-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10637-012-9844-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Amin RM, Hauser C, Kinzler I, Rueck A, Scalfi-Happ C. Evaluation of photodynamic treatment using aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride as a photosensitizer: new approach. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2012; 11:1156-63. [PMID: 22402592 DOI: 10.1039/c2pp05411f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been the subject of several clinical studies. Evidence to date suggests that direct cell death may involve apoptosis. T(24) cells (bladder cancer cells, ATCC-Nr. HTB-4) were subjected to PDT with aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate chloride (AlS(4)Pc-Cl) and red laser light at 670 nm. Morphological changes after PDT were visualized under confocal microscopy. Raman microspectroscopy is considered as one of the newly established methods used for the detection of cytochrome c as an apoptotic marker. Results showed that PDT treated T(24) cells seem to undergo apoptosis after irradiation with 3 J cm(-2). Cytochrome c could not be detected from cells incubated with AlS(4)Pc-Cl using Raman spectroscopy whereas AlS(4)Pc-Cl seems to interfere with the Raman spectrum of cytochrome c.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Amin
- National Institute of Laser Enhanced Sciences, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt.
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Vaidya B, Vyas SP. Transferrin coupled vesicular system for intracellular drug delivery for the treatment of cancer: development and characterization. J Drug Target 2012; 20:372-80. [PMID: 22339366 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.662687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study attempt has been made to enhance the selective tumor cell killing in mouse xenograft model using DQAsomes as a mitochondriotropic carrier and transferrin (Tf) as a ligand to target tumor cells. METHODS Tf modified DQAsomes (Tf-DQAsomes) were prepared by incubating preformed paclitaxel loaded DQAsomes with Tf in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride. Developed systems were characterized for size and size distribution, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cellular uptake of the carriers. Antitumor activity was determined using HeLa cells. In vivo therapeutic efficacy was determined in xenograft mouse model. KEY FINDINGS Uptake studies demonstrated that Tf-DQAsomes result in higher fluorescence intensity to the cancer cells as compared to plain DQAsomes. Tf-DQAsomes exhibited better antitumor activity in vitro as compared to plain DQAsomes and paclitaxel solution. In vivo biodistribution study revealed that paclitaxel concentration in the tumor was much higher in the case of Tf-DQAsomes as compared to plain DQAsomes and paclitaxel solution; however in other organs it was much lower than the latter two formulations. Tf-DQAsomes exhibited significant antitumor activity in the mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS The finding demonstrated that Tf conjugated DQAsomes can effectively be delivered to the tumor in vivo and exhibit significant antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.), India.
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Sekkat N, van den Bergh H, Nyokong T, Lange N. Like a bolt from the blue: phthalocyanines in biomedical optics. Molecules 2011; 17:98-144. [PMID: 22198535 PMCID: PMC6269082 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17010098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to compile preclinical and clinical results on phthalocyanines (Pcs) as photosensitizers (PS) for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and contrast agents for fluorescence imaging. Indeed, Pcs are excellent candidates in these fields due to their strong absorbance in the NIR region and high chemical and photo-stability. In particular, this is mostly relevant for their in vivo activation in deeper tissular regions. However, most Pcs present two major limitations, i.e., a strong tendency to aggregate and a low water-solubility. In order to overcome these issues, both chemical tuning and pharmaceutical formulation combined with tumor targeting strategies were applied. These aspects will be developed in this review for the most extensively studied Pcs during the last 25 years, i.e., aluminium-, zinc- and silicon-based Pcs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawal Sekkat
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne/Geneva, Geneva, 30, quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
| | - Hubert van den Bergh
- Laboratory of Photomedicine, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Tebello Nyokong
- Department of Chemistry, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
| | - Norbert Lange
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Lausanne/Geneva, Geneva, 30, quai Ernest Ansermet, Geneva CH-1211, Switzerland
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.:+41-22-379-3335; Fax: +41-22-379-6567
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Zhao Z, Chan PS, Li H, Wong KL, Wong RNS, Mak NK, Zhang J, Tam HL, Wong WY, Kwong DWJ, Wong WK. Highly Selective Mitochondria-Targeting Amphiphilic Silicon(IV) Phthalocyanines with Axially Ligated Rhodamine B for Photodynamic Therapy. Inorg Chem 2011; 51:812-21. [DOI: 10.1021/ic201178e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Pui-Shan Chan
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Hongguang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Ka-Leung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Ricky Ngok Shun Wong
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Nai-Ki Mak
- Department of Biology, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Hoi-Lam Tam
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Schemes, University
Grants Committee, Hong Kong
| | - Daniel W. J. Kwong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
| | - Wai-Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
SAR
- Institute of Molecular Functional Materials, Areas of Excellence Schemes, University
Grants Committee, Hong Kong
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