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Sifat AE, Archie SR, Nozohouri S, Villalba H, Zhang Y, Sharma S, Ghanwatkar Y, Vaidya B, Mara D, Cucullo L, Abbruscato TJ. Short-term exposure to JUUL electronic cigarettes can worsen ischemic stroke outcome. Fluids Barriers CNS 2022; 19:74. [PMID: 36085043 PMCID: PMC9463848 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-022-00371-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The short and long-term health effects of JUUL electronic cigarette (e-Cig) are largely unknown and warrant extensive research. We hypothesized that JUUL exposure could cause cerebrovascular toxicities impacting the progression and outcome of ischemic stroke comparable to tobacco smoke (TS) exposure.
Methods
We exposed male C57 mice to TS/JUUL vapor for 14 days. LCMS/MS was used to measure brain and plasma nicotine and cotinine level. Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) followed by reperfusion was used to mimic ischemic stroke. Plasma levels of IL-6 and thrombomodulin were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. At the same time, western blotting was used to study blood–brain barrier (BBB) tight junction (TJ) proteins expression and key inflammatory and oxidative stress markers.
Results
tMCAO upregulated IL-6 and decreased plasma thrombomodulin levels. Post-ischemic brain injury following tMCAO was significantly worsened by JUUL/TS pre-exposure. TJ proteins expression was also downregulated by JUUL/TS pre-exposure after tMCAO. Like TS, exposure to JUUL downregulated the expression of the antioxidant Nrf2. ICAM-1 was upregulated in mice subjected to tMCAO following pre-exposure to TS or JUUL, with a greater effect of TS than JUUL.
Conclusions
These results suggest that JUUL exposure could negatively impact the cerebrovascular system, although to a lesser extent than TS exposure.
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Nozohouri S, Zhang Y, Albekairi TH, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Glutamate Buffering Capacity and Blood-Brain Barrier Protection of Opioid Receptor Agonists Biphalin and Nociceptin. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:260-269. [PMID: 34663677 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Opioids play crucial roles in the regulation of many important brain functions including pain, memory, and neurogenesis. Activation of opioid receptors is reported to have neuroprotective effects after ischemic reperfusion injury. The objective of this study was to understand the role of biphalin and nociceptin, opioid receptor agonists, on blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity during ischemic stroke. In this study, we aimed to measure the effect of biphalin and nociceptin on astrocytic glutamate uptake and on expression of excitatory amino acid transporter to study the indirect role of astrocytes on opioid receptor-mediated BBB protection during in vitro stroke conditions. We used mouse brain endothelial cells (bEnd.3) and primary astrocytes as an in vitro BBB model. Restrictive BBB properties were evaluated by measuring [14C] sucrose paracellular permeability and the redistribution of the tight junction proteins. The protective effect of biphalin and nociceptin on BBB integrity was assessed after exposing cells to oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and glutamate. It was observed that combined stress (2 mM glutamate and 2 hours of OGD) significantly reduced glutamate uptake by astrocytes; however, biphalin and nociceptin treatment increased glutamate uptake in primary astrocytes. This suggests a role of increased astrocytic buffering capacity in opioid-meditated protection of the BBB during ischemic stroke. It was also found that the combined stress significantly increased [14C] sucrose paracellular permeability in an in vitro BBB model. Biphalin and nociceptin treatment attenuated the effect of the combined stress, which was reversed by the opioid receptor antagonists, suggesting the role of opioid receptors in biphalin and nociception's BBB modulatory activity. SIGNIFICANT STATEMENT: There is an unmet need for discovering new efficacious therapeutic agents to offset the deleterious effects of ischemic stroke. Given the confirmed roles of opioid receptors in the regulation of central nervous system functions, opioid receptor agonists have been studied as potential neuroprotective options in ischemic conditions. This study adds to the knowledge about the cerebrovascular protective effects of opioid receptor agonists and provides insight about the mechanism of action of these agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas (S.N., Y.Z., T.H.A., B.V., T.J.A.); and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (T.H.A.)
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Bartalena L, Kahaly GJ, Baldeschi L, Dayan CM, Eckstein A, Marcocci C, Marinò M, Vaidya B, Wiersinga WM. The 2021 European Group on Graves' orbitopathy (EUGOGO) clinical practice guidelines for the medical management of Graves' orbitopathy. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:G43-G67. [PMID: 34297684 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 105.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Graves' orbitopathy (GO) is the main extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves' disease (GD). Choice of treatment should be based on the assessment of clinical activity and severity of GO. Early referral to specialized centers is fundamental for most patients with GO. Risk factors include smoking, thyroid dysfunction, high serum level of thyrotropin receptor antibodies, radioactive iodine (RAI) treatment, and hypercholesterolemia. In mild and active GO, control of risk factors, local treatments, and selenium (selenium-deficient areas) are usually sufficient; if RAI treatment is selected to manage GD, low-dose oral prednisone prophylaxis is needed, especially if risk factors coexist. For both active moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening GO, antithyroid drugs are preferred when managing Graves' hyperthyroidism. In moderate-to-severe and active GO i.v. glucocorticoids are more effective and better tolerated than oral glucocorticoids. Based on current evidence and efficacy/safety profile, costs and reimbursement, drug availability, long-term effectiveness, and patient choice after extensive counseling, a combination of i.v. methylprednisolone and mycophenolate sodium is recommended as first-line treatment. A cumulative dose of 4.5 g of i.v. methylprednisolone in 12 weekly infusions is the optimal regimen. Alternatively, higher cumulative doses not exceeding 8 g can be used as monotherapy in most severe cases and constant/inconstant diplopia. Second-line treatments for moderate-to-severe and active GO include (a) the second course of i.v. methylprednisolone (7.5 g) subsequent to careful ophthalmic and biochemical evaluation, (b) oral prednisone/prednisolone combined with either cyclosporine or azathioprine; (c) orbital radiotherapy combined with oral or i.v. glucocorticoids, (d) teprotumumab; (e) rituximab and (f) tocilizumab. Sight-threatening GO is treated with several high single doses of i.v. methylprednisolone per week and, if unresponsive, with urgent orbital decompression. Rehabilitative surgery (orbital decompression, squint, and eyelid surgery) is indicated for inactive residual GO manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bartalena
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - G J Kahaly
- Department of Medicine I, Johannes Gutenberg-University (JGU) Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Baldeschi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint Luc, Catholic University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C M Dayan
- Thyroid Research Group, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - A Eckstein
- Clinic for Ophthalmology, University Clinic, Essen, Germany
| | - C Marcocci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - M Marinò
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - B Vaidya
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - W M Wiersinga
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Abstract
Ischemic stroke, a leading cause of mortality, results in severe neurological outcomes in the patients. Effective stroke therapies may significantly decrease the extent of injury. For this purpose, novel and efficient drug delivery strategies need to be developed. Among a myriad of therapeutic and drug delivery techniques, exosomes have shown promising results in ischemic stroke either by their intrinsic therapeutic characteristics, which can result in angiogenesis and neurogenesis or by acting as competent, biocompatible drug delivery vehicles to transport neurotherapeutic agents into the brain. In this review, we have discussed different methods of exosome isolation and cargo loading techniques, advantages and disadvantages of using exosomes as a drug delivery carrier and the therapeutic applications of exosomes with a focus on ischemic stroke therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX-79106, United States
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX-79106, United States
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX-79106, United States
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Sharma S, Nozohouri S, Vaidya B, Abbruscato T. Repurposing metformin to treat age-related neurodegenerative disorders and ischemic stroke. Life Sci 2021; 274:119343. [PMID: 33716063 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for major central nervous system (CNS) disorders. More specifically, aging can be inked to neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) because of its deteriorating impact on neurovascular unit (NVU). Metformin, a first line FDA-approved anti-diabetic drug, has gained increasing interest among researchers for its role in improving aging-related neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, numerous studies have illustrated metformin's role in ischemic stroke, a cerebrovascular disorder in which the NVU becomes dysfunctional which can lead to permanent life-threatening disabilities. Considering metformin's beneficial preclinical actions on various disorders, and the drug's role in alleviating severity of these conditions through involvement in commonly characterized cellular pathways, we discuss the potential of metformin as a suitable drug candidate for repurposing in CNS disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sejal Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center (TTUHSC), Amarillo, TX, USA.
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Kulkarni NS, Vaidya B, Gupta V. Nano-synergistic combination of Erlotinib and Quinacrine for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapeutics - Evaluation in biologically relevant in-vitro models. Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl 2021; 121:111891. [PMID: 33579503 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.111891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), pre-dominant subtype of lung cancer, is a global disorder affecting millions worldwide. One of the early treatments for NSCLC was use of a first-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Erlotinib (Erlo). However, chronic exposure to Erlo led to development of acquired drug resistance (ADR) in NSCLC, limiting the clinical use of Erlo. A potential approach to overcome development of ADR is a multi-drug therapy. It has been previously reported that Erlo and Quinacrine (QA), an anti-malarial drug, can work synergistically to inhibit tumor progression in NSCLC. However, the combination failed at clinical stages, citing lack of efficacy. In this study, an effort has been made to improve the efficacy of Erlo-QA combination via development of nanoformulations, known to enhance therapeutic efficacy of potent chemotherapies. Synergy between Erlo and QA was measured via estimating the combination indices (CI). It was seen that established combination of nanoformulations (CI: 0.25) had better synergy than plain drug solutions (CI: 0.85) in combination. Following extensive in-vitro testing, data were simulated in biologically relevant 3D tumor models. Two tumor models were developed for extensive in-vitro testing, 3D-Spheroids grown in ultra-low attachment culture plates for efficacy evaluation and a 5D-spheroid model in 5D-sphericalplate with capability of growing 750 spheroids/well for protein expression analysis. Extensive studies on these models revealed that combination of Erlo and QA nanoformulations overall had a better effect in terms of synergy enhancement as compared to plain drug combination. Further, effect of combinatorial therapy on molecular markers was evaluated on 5D-Sphericalplate leading to similar effects on synergy enhancement. Results from present study suggests that combination of nanoformulations can improve the synergy between Erlo and QA while reducing the overall therapeutic dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant S Kulkarni
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA
| | | | - Vivek Gupta
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, USA; School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA.
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7
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Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Villalba H, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. The Role of Smoking and Nicotine in the Transmission and Pathogenesis of COVID-19. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2020; 375:498-509. [PMID: 33033170 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus, is turning out to be one of the most devastating global pandemics in the history of humankind. There is a shortage of effective therapeutic strategies or preventative vaccines for this disease to date. A rigorous investigation is needed for identifying and developing more effective therapeutic strategies for COVID-19. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), a crucial factor in COVID-19 pathogenesis, has been identified as a potential target for COVID-19 treatment. Smoking and vaping are potential risk factors for COVID-19 that are also shown to upregulate ACE2 expression. In this review, we have discussed the pathobiology of COVID-19 in the lungs and brain and the role of ACE2 in the transmission and pathobiology of this disease. Furthermore, we have shown possible interactions between nicotine/smoking and ACE2 in the lungs and brain, which could aggravate the transmission and pathobiology of COVID-19, resulting in a poor disease outcome. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: This review addresses the present global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with respect to its pathobiology in the lungs and brain. It focuses on the potential negative impact of tobacco and nicotine exposure on the outcomes of this disease by interaction with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor. It adds to the time-sensitive and critically important growing knowledge about the risk factors, transmission, pathobiology, and prognosis of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas
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8
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Nozohouri S, Albekairi T, Zhang Y, Vaidya B, Abbruscato T. Role of astrocytes in cerebrovascular protection provided by an opioid agonist, biphalin during ischemic stroke. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yong Zhang
- Texas Tech University Health Science Center
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9
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Ashraf-Uz-Zaman M, Vaidya B, Abbruscato T, German N. Discovery of novel compound promotes neurogenesis by activation of mTOR signaling. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.03211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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10
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Villalba H, Vaidya B, Cucullo L, Abbruscato TJ. Myo‐Inositol Improves Ischemic Stroke Outcome After both Nicotine Containing Electronic Cigarette and Tobacco Smoke Exposure. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.06803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Villalba
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center Jerry H. Hodge School of Pharmacy
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11
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Nozohouri S, Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Novel approaches for the delivery of therapeutics in ischemic stroke. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:535-551. [PMID: 31978522 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Here, we review novel approaches to deliver neuroprotective drugs to salvageable penumbral brain areas of stroke injury with the goals of offsetting ischemic brain injury and enhancing recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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12
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Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Villalba H, Al Shoyaib A, Vaidya B, Karamyan VT, Abbruscato T. Prenatal electronic cigarette exposure decreases brain glucose utilization and worsens outcome in offspring hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. J Neurochem 2020; 153:63-79. [PMID: 31883376 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that prenatal nicotine and tobacco smoke exposure can cause different neurobehavioral disorders in the offspring. We hypothesize that prenatal exposure to nicotine-containing electronic cigarette (e-Cig) vapor can predispose newborn to enhanced sensitivity to hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury and impaired motor and cognitive functions. In this study, pregnant CD1 mice were exposed to e-Cig vapor (2.4% nicotine). Primary cortical neurons isolated from e-Cig exposed fetus were exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation (OGD/R) to mimic HI brain injury. Cell viability and glucose utilization were analyzed in these neurons. HI brain injury was induced in 8-9-day-old pups. Short-term brain injury was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Long-term motor and cognitive functions were evaluated by open field, novel object recognition, Morris water maze, and foot fault tests. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were done to characterize glucose transporters in offspring brain. We found that e-Cig exposed neurons demonstrated decreased cell viability and glucose utilization in OGD/R. Prenatally e-Cig exposed pups also had increased brain injury and edema 24 hr after HI brain injury. Further, in utero e-Cig exposed offspring with HI brain injury displayed impaired memory, learning, and motor coordination at adolescence. Additionally, the expression of glucose transporters decreased in e-Cig exposed offspring brain after HI brain injury. These results indicate that reduced glucose utilization can contribute to prenatal e-Cig exposure induced worsened HI brain injury in offspring. This study is instrumental in elucidating the possible deleterious effects of e-Cig use in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Saeideh Nozohouri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Abdullah Al Shoyaib
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | | | - Thomas Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
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13
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Sifat AE, Nozohouri S, Villalba H, Vaidya B, Abbruscato T. Maternal Electronic Cigarette Use Can Enhance Offspring Susceptibility to Hypoxic‐Ischemic Brain Injury. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.813.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Villalba H, Albekairi T, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Role of
Myo
‐inositol in Ischemic Stroke Outcome in a Preclinical Tobacco Smoke Exposed Mouse Model. FASEB J 2019. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2019.33.1_supplement.500.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Villalba
- School of Pharmacy‐Pharmaceutical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTX
| | - Thamer Albekairi
- School of Pharmacy‐Pharmaceutical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTX
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- School of Pharmacy‐Pharmaceutical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTX
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- School of Pharmacy‐Pharmaceutical SciencesTexas Tech University Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTX
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15
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Vaidya B, Parvathaneni V, Kulkarni NS, Shukla SK, Damon JK, Sarode A, Kanabar D, Garcia JV, Mitragotri S, Muth A, Gupta V. Cyclodextrin modified erlotinib loaded PLGA nanoparticles for improved therapeutic efficacy against non-small cell lung cancer. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 122:338-347. [PMID: 30401652 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.10.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at developing a nanoparticle strategy to overcome acquired resistance against erlotinib in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). To load erlotinib on biodegradable PLGA nanoparticles, erlotinib-cyclodextrin (Erlo-CD) complex was prepared using β-cyclodextrin sulfobutyl ether, which was in turn loaded in the core of PLGA nanoparticles using multiple emulsion solvent evaporation. Nanoparticles were characterized for size distribution, entrapment and loading efficiency, in-vitro release, and therapeutic efficacy against different lung cancer cells. Effect of formulation on cell cycle, apoptosis, and other markers was evaluated using flow cytometry and western blotting studies. The efficacy of optimized nanoformulation was evaluated using a clinically relevant in-vitro 3D-spheroid model. Results showed that Erlo-CD loaded nanoparticles (210 ± 8 nm in size) demonstrated 3-fold higher entrapment (61.5 ± 3.2% vs 21.9 ± 3.7% of plain erlotinib loaded nanoparticles) with ~5% loading efficiency and sustained release characteristics. Developed nanoparticles demonstrated significantly improved therapeutic efficacy against NSCLC cells in terms of low IC50 values and suppressed colony forming ability of cancer cells, increased apoptosis, and autophagy inhibition. Interestingly, 3D spheroid study demonstrated better anticancer activity of Erlo-CD nanoparticles compared to plain erlotinib. Present study has shown a premise to improve therapeutic efficacy against erlotinib-resistant lung cancer using modified nanoErlo formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America
| | - Vineela Parvathaneni
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States of America
| | - Nishant S Kulkarni
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States of America
| | - Snehal K Shukla
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States of America
| | - Jenna K Damon
- Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA 91750, United States of America
| | - Apoorva Sarode
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Dipti Kanabar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States of America
| | - Jerome V Garcia
- Department of Biology, University of La Verne, La Verne, CA 91750, United States of America
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Aaron Muth
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States of America
| | - Vivek Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, United States of America; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States of America.
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16
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Vaidya B, Shukla SK, Kolluru S, Huen M, Mulla N, Mehra N, Kanabar D, Palakurthi S, Ayehunie S, Muth A, Gupta V. Nintedanib-cyclodextrin complex to improve bio-activity and intestinal permeability. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 204:68-77. [PMID: 30366544 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.09.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Cyclodextrin complex of nintedanib was prepared aiming for increased bio-activity and improved transport across intestinal membrane with reduced p-glycoprotein (p-gp) efflux. Based on preliminary phase solubility studies and molecular modeling, sulfobutyl ether derivative of β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD, Captisol®) was selected to prepare inclusion complex. Complexation was confirmed using FTIR, 1H NMR, DSC, and XRD. Bioactivity of the formed complex was tested using lung fibroblast cells, WI-38 for anti-proliferative activity and effect on collagen deposition and cells migration. In-vitro permeability studies were performed using epiIntestinal tissue model to assess the effect of complexation on transport and p-gp efflux. Results of the study demonstrated that cyclodextrin complexation increased stability of nintedanib in PBS (pH 7.4) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF). Further, bioactivity of nintedanib also improved. Interestingly, complexation has increased transport of nintedanib across intestinal membrane and reduced efflux ratio, suggesting the role of cyclodextrin complexation in modulating p-gp efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Snehal K Shukla
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Srikanth Kolluru
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Melanie Huen
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Nihal Mulla
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Drake University, Des Moines, IA 50311, United States
| | - Neelesh Mehra
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
| | - Dipti Kanabar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Srinath Palakurthi
- Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Kingsville, TX 78363, United States
| | | | - Aaron Muth
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Vivek Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA 91711, United States; College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States.
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17
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Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Kaisar MA, Cucullo L, Abbruscato TJ. Nicotine and electronic cigarette (E-Cig) exposure decreases brain glucose utilization in ischemic stroke. J Neurochem 2018; 147:204-221. [PMID: 30062776 PMCID: PMC6394831 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that nicotine exposure decreases glucose transport across the blood-brain barrier in ischemia-reperfusion conditions. We hypothesize that nicotine can also dysregulate brain parenchymal glucose utilization by altering glucose transporters with effects on sensitivity to ischemic stroke. In this study, we investigated the effects of nicotine exposure on neuronal glucose utilization using an in vitro ischemic stroke model. We also tested the effects of e-Cig vaping on ischemic brain glucose utilization using an acute brain slice technique. Primary cortical neurons and brain slices were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation followed by reoxygenation to mimic ischemia-reperfusion injury. We estimated brain cell glucose utilization by measuring the uptake of [3 H] deoxy-d-glucose. Immunofluorescence and western blotting were done to characterize glucose transporters (GLUTs) and α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression. Furthermore, we used a glycolytic stress test to measure the effects of nicotine exposure on neuronal glucose metabolism. We observed that short- and long-term nicotine/cotinine exposure significantly decreased neuronal glucose utilization in ischemic conditions and the non-specific nAChR antagonist, mecamylamine reversed this effect. Nicotine/cotinine exposure also decreased neuronal GLUT1 and up-regulated α7 nAChR expression and decreased glycolysis. Exposure of mice to e-Cig vapor for 7 days likewise decreases brain glucose uptake under normoxic and ischemic conditions along with down-regulation of GLUT1 and GLUT3 expressions. These data support, from a cerebrovascular perspective, that nicotine and/or e-Cig vaping induce a state of glucose deprivation at the neurovascular unit which could lead to enhanced ischemic brain injury and/or stroke risk. OPEN PRACTICES: Open Science: This manuscript was awarded with the Open Materials Badge. For more information see: https://cos.io/our-services/open-science-badges/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Mohammad A Kaisar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Luca Cucullo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, Texas, USA
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18
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Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Villalba H, Albekairi TH, Abbruscato TJ. Neurovascular unit transport responses to ischemia and common coexisting conditions: smoking and diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C2-C15. [PMID: 30207783 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00187.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transporters at the neurovascular unit (NVU) are vital for the regulation of normal brain physiology via ion, water, and nutrients movement. In ischemic stroke, the reduction of cerebral blood flow causes several complex pathophysiological changes in the brain, one of which includes alterations of the NVU transporters, which can exacerbate stroke outcome by increased brain edema (by altering ion, water, and glutamate transporters), altered energy metabolism (by altering glucose transporters), and enhanced drug toxicity (by altering efflux transporters). Smoking and diabetes are common risk factors as well as coexisting conditions in ischemic stroke that are also reported to change the expression and function of NVU transporters. Coexistence of these conditions could cause an additive effect in terms of the alterations of brain transporters that might lead to worsened ischemic stroke prognosis and recovery. In this review, we have discussed the effects of ischemic stroke, smoking, and diabetes on some essential NVU transporters and how the simultaneous presence of these conditions can affect the clinical outcome after an ischemic episode. Further scientific investigations are required to elucidate changes in NVU transport in cerebral ischemia, which can lead to better, personalized therapeutic interventions tailor-made for these comorbid conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center , Amarillo, Texas
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B, Burroughs C, Cuthbertson D, Deemer M, Eberhard C, Fiske S, Ford J, Garmeson J, Guillette H, Browning G, Coughenour T, Sulk M, Tsalikan E, Tansey M, Cabbage J, Dixit N, Pasha S, King M, Adcock K, Geyer S, Atterberry H, Fox L, Englert K, Mauras N, Permuy J, Sikes K, Berhe T, Guendling B, McLennan L, Paganessi L, Hays B, Murphy C, Draznin M, Kamboj M, Sheppard S, Lewis V, Coates L, Moore W, Babar G, Bedard J, Brenson-Hughes D, Henderson C, Cernich J, Clements M, Duprau R, Goodman S, Hester L, Huerta-Saenz L, Karmazin A, Letjen T, Raman S, Morin D, Henry M, Bestermann W, Morawski E, White J, Brockmyer A, Bays R, Campbell S, Stapleton A, Stone N, Donoho A, Everett H, Heyman K, Hensley H, Johnson M, Marshall C, Skirvin N, Taylor P, Williams R, Ray L, Wolverton C, Nickels D, Dothard C, Hsiao B, Speiser P, Pellizzari M, Bokor L, Izuora K, Abdelnour S, Cummings P, Paynor S, Leahy M, Riedl M, Shockley S, Karges C, Saad R, Briones T, Casella S, Herz C, Walsh K, Greening J, Hay F, Hunt S, 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McCormick D, Powell A, Jones H, Bell J, Hargadon S, Hudson S, Kummer M, Badias F, Sauder S, Sutton E, Gensel K, Aguirre-Castaneda R, Benavides Lopez V, Hemp D, Allen S, Stear J, Davis E, Jones T, Baker A, Roberts A, Dart J, Paramalingam N, Levitt Katz L, Chaudhary N, Murphy K, Willi S, Schwartzman B, Kapadia C, Larson D, Bassi M, McClellan D, Shaibai G, Kelley L, Villa G, Kelley C, Diamond R, Kabbani M, Dajani T, Hoekstra F, Magorno M, Beam C, Holst J, Chauhan V, Wilson N, Bononi P, Sperl M, Millward A, Eaton M, Dean L, Olshan J, Renna H, Boulware D, Milliard C, Snyder D, Beaman S, Burch K, Chester J, Ahmann A, Wollam B, DeFrang D, Fitch R, Jahnke K, Bounmananh L, Hanavan K, Klopfenstein B, Nicol L, Bergstrom R, Noland T, Brodksy J, Bacon L, Quintos J, Topor L, Bialo S, Bream S, Bancroft B, Soto A, Lagarde W, Lockemer H, Vanderploeg T, Ibrahim M, Huie M, Sanchez V, Edelen R, Marchiando R, Freeman D, Palmer J, Repas T, Wasson M, Auker P, Culbertson J, Kieffer T, Voorhees D, Borgwardt T, DeRaad L, Eckert K, Gough J, Isaacson E, Kuhn H, Carroll A, Schubert M, Francis G, Hagan S, Le T, Penn M, Wickham E, Leyva C, Ginem J, Rivera K, Padilla J, Rodriguez I, Jospe N, Czyzyk J, Johnson B, Nadgir U, Marlen N, Prakasam G, Rieger C, Granger M, Glaser N, Heiser E, Harris B, Foster C, Slater H, Wheeler K, Donaldson D, Murray M, Hale D, Tragus R, Holloway M, Word D, Lynch J, Pankratz L, Rogers W, Newfield R, Holland S, Hashiguchi M, Gottschalk M, Philis-Tsimikas A, Rosal R, Kieffer M, Franklin S, Guardado S, Bohannon N, Garcia M, Aguinaldo T, Phan J, Barraza V, Cohen D, Pinsker J, Khan U, Lane P, Wiley J, Jovanovic L, Misra P, Wright M, Cohen D, Huang K, Skiles M, Maxcy S, Pihoker C, Cochrane K, Nallamshetty L, Fosse J, Kearns S, Klingsheim M, Wright N, Viles L, Smith H, Heller S, Cunningham M, Daniels A, Zeiden L, Parrimon Y, Field J, Walker R, Griffin K, Bartholow L, Erickson C, Howard J, Krabbenhoft B, Sandman C, Vanveldhuizen A, Wurlger J, Paulus K, Zimmerman A, Hanisch K, Davis-Keppen L, Cotterill A, Kirby J, Harris M, Schmidt A, Kishiyama C, Flores C, Milton J, Ramiro J, Martin W, Whysham C, Yerka A, Freels T, Hassing J, Webster J, Green R, Carter P, Galloway J, Hoelzer D, Ritzie AQL, Roberts S, Said S, Sullivan P, Allen H, Reiter E, Feinberg E, Johnson C, Newhook L, Hagerty D, White N, Sharma A, Levandoski L, Kyllo J, Johnson M, Benoit C, Iyer P, Diamond F, Hosono H, Jackman S, Barette L, Jones P, Shor A, Sills I, Bzdick S, Bulger J, Weinstock R, Douek I, Andrews R, Modgill G, Gyorffy G, Robin L, Vaidya N, Song X, Crouch S, O’Brien K, Thompson C, Thorne N, Blumer J, Kalic J, Klepek L, Paulett J, Rosolowski B, Horner J, Terry A, Watkins M, Casey J, Carpenter K, Burns C, Horton J, Pritchard C, Soetaert D, Wynne A, Kaiserman K, Halvorson M, Weinberger J, Chin C, Molina O, Patel C, Senguttuvan R, Wheeler M, Furet O, Steuhm C, Jelley D, Goudeau S, Chalmers L, Wootten M, Greer D, Panagiotopoulos C, Metzger D, Nguyen D, Horowitz M, Christiansen M, Glades E, Morimoto C, Macarewich M, Norman R, Harding P, Patin K, Vargas C, Barbanica A, Yu A, Vaidyanathan P, Osborne W, Mehra R, Kaster S, Neace S, Horner J, McDonough S, Reeves G, Cordrey C, Marrs L, Miller T, Dowshen S, Doyle D, Walker S, Catte D, Dean H, Drury-Brown M, McGee PF, Hackman B, Lee M, Malkani S, Cullen K, Johnson K, Hampton P, McCarrell M, Curtis C, Paul E, Zambrano Y, Hess KO, Phoebus D, Quinlan S, Raiden E, Batts E, Buddy C, Kirpatrick K, Ramey M, Shultz A, Webb C, Romesco M, Fradkin J, Blumberg E, Beck G, Brillon D, Gubitosi-Klug R, Laffel L, Veatch R, Wallace D, Braun J, Lernmark A, Lo B, Mitchell H, Naji A, Nerup J, Orchard T, Steffes M, Tsiatis A, Zinman B, Loechelt B, Baden L, Green M, Weinberg A, Marcovina S, Palmer JP, Weinberg A, Yu L, Babu S, Winter W, Eisenbarth GS, Bingley P, Clynes R, DiMeglio L, Eisenbarth G, Hays B, Marks J, Matheson D, Rodriguez H, Wilson D, Redondo MJ, Gomez D, Zheng X, Pena S, Pietropaolo M, Batts E, Brown T, Buckner J, Dove A, Hammond M, Hefty D, Klein J, Kuhns K, Letlau M, Lord S, McCulloch-Olson M, Miller L, Nepom G, Odegard J, Ramey M, Sachter E, St. Marie M, Stickney K, VanBuecken D, Vellek B, Webber C, Allen L, Bollyk J, Hilderman N, Ismail H, Lamola S, Sanda S, Vendettuoli H, Tridgell D, Monzavi R, Bock M, Fisher L, Halvorson M, Jeandron D, Kim M, Wood J, Geffner M, Kaufman F, Parkman R, Salazar C, Goland R, Clynes R, Cook S, Freeby M, Gallagher MP, Gandica R, Greenberg E, Kurland A, Pollak S, Wolk A, Chan M, Koplimae L, Levine E, Smith K, Trast J, DiMeglio L, Blum J, Evans-Molina C, Hufferd R, Jagielo B, Kruse C, Patrick V, Rigby M, Spall M, Swinney K, Terrell J, Christner L, Ford L, Lynch S, Menendez M, Merrill P, Pescovitz M, Rodriguez H, Alleyn C, Baidal D, Fay S, Gaglia J, Resnick B, Szubowicz S, Weir G, Benjamin R, Conboy D, deManbey A, Jackson R, Jalahej H, Orban T, Ricker A, Wolfsdorf J, Zhang HH, Wilson D, Aye T, Baker B, Barahona K, Buckingham B, Esrey K, Esrey T, Fathman G, Snyder R, Aneja B, Chatav M, 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Eckert J, Ehler A, Eisenbarth G, Fain P, Fiallo-Scharer R, Frank N, Goettle H, Haarhues M, Harris S, Horton L, Hutton J, Jeffrrey J, Jenison R, Jones K, Kastelic W, King MA, Lehr D, Lungaro J, Mason K, Maurer H, Nguyen L, Proto A, Realsen J, Schmitt K, Schwartz M, Skovgaard S, Smith J, Vanderwel B, Voelmle M, Wagner R, Wallace A, Walravens P, Weiner L, Westerhoff B, Westfall E, Widmer K, Wright H, Schatz D, Abraham A, Atkinson M, Cintron M, Clare-Salzler M, Ferguson J, Haller M, Hosford J, Mancini D, Rohrs H, Silverstein J, Thomas J, Winter W, Cole G, Cook R, Coy R, Hicks E, Lewis N, Marks J, Pugliese A, Blaschke C, Matheson D, Sanders-Branca N, Sosenko J, Arazo L, Arce R, Cisneros M, Sabbag S, Moran A, Gibson C, Fife B, Hering B, Kwong C, Leschyshyn J, Nathan B, Pappenfus B, Street A, Boes MA, Eck SP, Finney L, Fischer TA, Martin A, Muzamhindo CJ, Rhodes M, Smith J, Wagner J, Wood B, Becker D, Delallo K, Diaz A, Elnyczky B, Libman I, Pasek B, Riley K, Trucco M, Copemen B, Gwynn D, Toledo F, Rodriguez H, Bollepalli S, Diamond F, Eyth E, Henson D, Lenz A, Shulman D, Raskin P, Adhikari S, Dickson B, Dunnigan E, Lingvay I, Pruneda L, Ramos-Roman M, Raskin P, Rhee C, Richard J, Siegelman M, Sturges D, Sumpter K, White P, Alford M, Arthur J, Aviles-Santa ML, Cordova E, Davis R, Fernandez S, Fordan S, Hardin T, Jacobs A, Kaloyanova P, Lukacova-Zib I, Mirfakhraee S, Mohan A, Noto H, Smith O, Torres N, Wherrett D, Balmer D, Eisel L, Kovalakovska R, Mehan M, Sultan F, Ahenkorah B, Cevallos J, Razack N, Ricci MJ, Rhode A, Srikandarajah M, Steger R, Russell WE, Black M, Brendle F, Brown A, Moore D, Pittel E, Robertson A, Shannon A, Thomas JW, Herold K, Feldman L, Sherwin R, Tamborlane W, Weinzimer S, Toppari J, Kallio T, Kärkkäinen M, Mäntymäki E, Niininen T, Nurmi B, Rajala P, Romo M, Suomenrinne S, Näntö-Salonen K, Simell O, Simell T, Bosi E, Battaglia M, Bianconi E, Bonfanti R, Grogan P, Laurenzi A, Martinenghi S, Meschi F, Pastore M, Falqui L, Muscato MT, Viscardi M, Castleden H, Farthing N, Loud S, Matthews C, McGhee J, Morgan A, Pollitt J, Elliot-Jones R, Wheaton C, Knip M, Siljander H, Suomalainen H, Colman P, Healy F, Mesfin S, Redl L, Wentworth J, Willis J, Farley M, Harrison L, Perry C, Williams F, Mayo A, Paxton J, Thompson V, Volin L, Fenton C, Carr L, Lemon E, Swank M, Luidens M, Salgam M, Sharma V, Schade D, King C, Carano R, Heiden J, Means N, Holman L, Thomas I, Madrigal D, Muth T, Martin C, Plunkett C, Ramm C, Auchus R, Lane W, Avots E, Buford M, Hale C, Hoyle J, Lane B, Muir A, Shuler S, Raviele N, Ivie E, Jenkins M, Lindsley K, Hansen I, Fadoju D, Felner E, Bode B, Hosey R, Sax J, Jefferies C, Mannering S, Prentis R, She J, Stachura M, Hopkins D, Williams J, Steed L, Asatapova E, Nunez S, Knight S, Dixon P, Ching J, Donner T, Longnecker S, Abel K, Arcara K, Blackman S, Clark L, Cooke D, Plotnick L, Levin P, Bromberger L, Klein K, Sadurska K, Allen C, Michaud D, Snodgrass H, Burghen G, Chatha S, Clark C, Silverberg J, Wittmer C, Gardner J, LeBoeuf C, Bell P, McGlore O, Tennet H, Alba N, Carroll M, Baert L, Beaton H, Cordell E, Haynes A, Reed C, Lichter K, McCarthy P, McCarthy S, Monchamp T, Roach J, Manies S, Gunville F, Marosok L, Nelson T, Ackerman K, Rudolph J, Stewart M, McCormick K, May S, Falls T, Barrett T, Dale K, Makusha L, McTernana C, Penny-Thomas K, Sullivan K, Narendran P, Robbie J, Smith D, Christensen R, Koehler B, Royal C, Arthur T, Houser H, Renaldi J, Watsen S, Wu P, Lyons L, House B, Yu J, Holt H, Nation M, Vickers C, Watling R, Heptulla R, Trast J, Agarwal C, Newell D, Katikaneni R, Gardner C, Del Rio A, Logan A, Collier H, Rishton C, Whalley G, Ali A, Ramtoola S, Quattrin T, Mastrandea L, House A, Ecker M, Huang C, Gougeon C, Ho J, Pacuad D, Dunger D, May J, O’Brien C, Acerini C, Salgin B, Thankamony A, Williams R, Buse J, Fuller G, Duclos M, Tricome J, Brown H, Pittard D, Bowlby D, Blue A, Headley T, Bendre S, Lewis K, Sutphin K, Soloranzo C, Puskaric J, Madison H, Rincon M, Carlucci M, Shridharani R, Rusk B, Tessman E, Huffman D, Abrams H, Biederman B, Jones M, Leathers V, Brickman W, Petrie P, Zimmerman D, Howard J, Miller L, Alemzadeh R, Mihailescu D, Melgozza-Walker R, Abdulla N, Boucher-Berry C, Ize-Ludlow D, Levy R, Swenson Brousell C, Scott R, Heenan H, Lunt H, Kendall D, Willis J, Darlow B, Crimmins N, Edler D, Weis T, Schultz C, Rogers D, Latham D, Mawhorter C, Switzer C, Spencer W, Konstantnopoulus P, Broder S, Klein J, Bachrach B, Gardner M, Eichelberger D, Knight L, Szadek L, Welnick G, Thompson B, Hoffman R, Revell A, Cherko J, Carter K, Gilson E, Haines J, Arthur G, Bowen B, Zipf W, Graves P, Lozano R, Seiple D, Spicer K, Chang A, Fregosi J, Harbinson J, Paulson C, Stalters S, Wright P, Zlock D, Freeth A, Victory J, Maheshwari H, Maheshwari A, Holmstrom T, Bueno J, Arguello R, Ahern J, Noreika L, Watson V, Hourse S, Breyer P, Kissel C, Nicholson Y, Pfeifer M, Almazan S, Bajaj J, Quinn M, Funk K, McCance J, Moreno E, Veintimilla R, Wells A, Cook J, Trunnel S, Transue D, Surhigh J, Bezzaire D, Moltz K, Zacharski E, Henske J, Desai S, Frizelis K, Khan F, Sjoberg R, Allen K, Manning P, Hendry G, Taylor B, Jones S, Couch R, Danchak R, Lieberman D, Strader W, Bencomo M, Bailey T, Bedolla L, Roldan C, Moudiotis C, Vaidya B, Anning C, Bunce S, Estcourt S, Folland E, Gordon E, Harrill C, Ireland J, Piper J, Scaife L, Sutton K, Wilkins S, Costelloe M, Palmer J, Casas L, Miller C, Burgard M, Erickson C, Hallanger-Johnson J, Clark P, Taylor W, Galgani J, Banerjee S, Banda C, McEowen D, Kinman R, Lafferty A, Gillett S, Nolan C, Pathak M, Sondrol L, Hjelle T, Hafner S, Kotrba J, Hendrickson R, Cemeroglu A, Symington T, Daniel M, Appiagyei-Dankah Y, Postellon D, Racine M, Kleis L, Barnes K, Godwin S, McCullough H, Shaheen K, Buck G, Noel L, Warren M, Weber S, Parker S, Gillespie I, Nelson B, Frost C, Amrhein J, Moreland E, Hayes A, Peggram J, Aisenberg J, Riordan M, Zasa J, Cummings E, Scott K, Pinto T, Mokashi A, McAssey K, Helden E, Hammond P, Dinning L, Rahman S, Ray S, Dimicri C, Guppy S, Nielsen H, Vogel C, Ariza C, Morales L, Chang Y, Gabbay R, Ambrocio L, Manley L, Nemery R, Charlton W, Smith P, Kerr L, Steindel-Kopp B, Alamaguer M, Tabisola-Nuesca E, Pendersen A, Larson N, Cooper-Olviver H, Chan D, Fitz-Patrick D, Carreira T, Park Y, Ruhaak R, Liljenquist D. A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Predicts Progression of Islet Autoimmunity and Development of Type 1 Diabetes in Individuals at Risk. Diabetes Care 2018; 41:1887-1894. [PMID: 30002199 PMCID: PMC6105323 DOI: 10.2337/dc18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We tested the ability of a type 1 diabetes (T1D) genetic risk score (GRS) to predict progression of islet autoimmunity and T1D in at-risk individuals. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied the 1,244 TrialNet Pathway to Prevention study participants (T1D patients' relatives without diabetes and with one or more positive autoantibodies) who were genotyped with Illumina ImmunoChip (median [range] age at initial autoantibody determination 11.1 years [1.2-51.8], 48% male, 80.5% non-Hispanic white, median follow-up 5.4 years). Of 291 participants with a single positive autoantibody at screening, 157 converted to multiple autoantibody positivity and 55 developed diabetes. Of 953 participants with multiple positive autoantibodies at screening, 419 developed diabetes. We calculated the T1D GRS from 30 T1D-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms. We used multivariable Cox regression models, time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves, and area under the curve (AUC) measures to evaluate prognostic utility of T1D GRS, age, sex, Diabetes Prevention Trial-Type 1 (DPT-1) Risk Score, positive autoantibody number or type, HLA DR3/DR4-DQ8 status, and race/ethnicity. We used recursive partitioning analyses to identify cut points in continuous variables. RESULTS Higher T1D GRS significantly increased the rate of progression to T1D adjusting for DPT-1 Risk Score, age, number of positive autoantibodies, sex, and ethnicity (hazard ratio [HR] 1.29 for a 0.05 increase, 95% CI 1.06-1.6; P = 0.011). Progression to T1D was best predicted by a combined model with GRS, number of positive autoantibodies, DPT-1 Risk Score, and age (7-year time-integrated AUC = 0.79, 5-year AUC = 0.73). Higher GRS was significantly associated with increased progression rate from single to multiple positive autoantibodies after adjusting for age, autoantibody type, ethnicity, and sex (HR 2.27 for GRS >0.295, 95% CI 1.47-3.51; P = 0.0002). CONCLUSIONS The T1D GRS independently predicts progression to T1D and improves prediction along T1D stages in autoantibody-positive relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Redondo
- Texas Children’s Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | | | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
| | - Seth Sharp
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | - John M. Wentworth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael N. Weedon
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
| | | | | | | | | | - Richard A. Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, U.K
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Villalba H, Shah K, Albekairi TH, Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Potential role of myo-inositol to improve ischemic stroke outcome in diabetic mouse. Brain Res 2018; 1699:166-176. [PMID: 30165043 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Brain edema is one of the critical factors causing hightened disability and mortality in stroke patients, which is exaggerated further in diabetic patients. Organic osmolytes could play a critical role in the maintenance of cytotoxic edema. The present study was aimed to assess the role of myo-inositol, an organic osmolyte, on stroke outcome in diabetic and non-diabetic animals. In situ brain perfusion and acute brain slice methods were used to assess transport of myo-inositol across the blood-brain barrier and uptake by brain cells using non-diabetic (C57BL/6) and diabetic (streptozotocin-induced) mice, respectively. In vitro studies were conducted to assess the role of myo-inositol during and after ischemia utilizing oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) and reperfusion. Further, the expression of transporters, such as SGLT6, SMIT1 and AQP4 were measured using immunofluorescence. Therapeutic efficacy of myo-inositol was evaluated in a transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) mouse model using non-diabetic (C57BL/6) and diabetic (db/db) mice. Myo-inositol release from and uptake in astrocytes and altered expression of myo-inositol transporters at different OGD timepoints revealed the role of myo-inositol and myo-inositol transporters during ischemia reperfusion. Further, hyperglycemic conditions reduced myo-inositol uptake in astrocytes. Interestingly, in in-vivo tMCAO, infarct and edema ratios following 24 h reperfusion decreased in myo-inositol treated mice. These results were supported by improvement in behavioral outcomes in open-field test, corner test and neurological score in both non-diabetic and db/db animals. Our data suggest that myo-inositol and myo-inositol transporters may provide neuroprotection during/following stroke both in non-diabetic and diabetic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Villalba
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Kaushik Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Thamer H Albekairi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Ali E Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Villalba H, Vaidya B, Abbruscato T. Role of Myo‐inositol in Ischemic Stroke Outcome in a Type 2 Diabetic Mouse Model. FASEB J 2018. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2018.32.1_supplement.599.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Villalba
- Pharmaceutical SciencesTexas Tech Health Sciences CenterAmarilloTX
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Thomas N, Anaspure R, Vaidya B. Bony changes in primary hyperparathyroidism. QJM 2017; 110:839-840. [PMID: 29036506 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcx159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- N Thomas
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
| | - R Anaspure
- Department of Radiology, Royal Devon & Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
| | - B Vaidya
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, UK
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Patel KA, Warren R, Brooke A, Aziz A, Avades T, Poyner R, Vaidya B. Interpretation of thyroid scintigraphy is inconsistent among endocrinologists. J Endocrinol Invest 2017; 40:1155-1157. [PMID: 28836164 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-017-0750-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K A Patel
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK.
| | - R Warren
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - A Brooke
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - A Aziz
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - T Avades
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - R Poyner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - B Vaidya
- University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
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Vaidya B, Patel R, Muth A, Gupta V. Exploitation of Novel Molecular Targets to Treat Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Drug Discovery Perspective. Curr Med Chem 2017; 24:2439-2458. [DOI: 10.2174/0929867324666170526123607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/1970] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S Coulter, Amarillo, TX 79106, United States
| | - Ruaab Patel
- School of Pharmacy Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA - 91711, United States
| | - Aaron Muth
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY - 11439, United States
| | - Vivek Gupta
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences St. John's University, 8000 Utopia Parkway, Queens, NY - 11439, United States
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Sifat AE, Vaidya B, Abbruscato TJ. Blood-Brain Barrier Protection as a Therapeutic Strategy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. AAPS J 2017; 19:957-972. [PMID: 28484963 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-017-0091-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a vital component of the neurovascular unit (NVU) containing tight junctional (TJ) proteins and different ion and nutrient transporters which maintain normal brain physiology. BBB disruption is a major pathological hallmark in the course of ischemic stroke which is regulated by the actions of different factors working at different stages of cerebral ischemia including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), inflammatory modulators, vesicular trafficking, oxidative pathways, and junctional-cytoskeletal interactions. These components interact further to disrupt maintenance of both the paracellular and transport barriers of the central nervous system (CNS) to worsen ischemic brain injury and the propensity for hemorrhagic transformation (HT) associated with injury and/or thrombolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA). We propose that these complex molecular pathways should be evaluated further so that they could be targeted alone or in combination to protect the BBB during cerebral ischemia. These types of novel interventions should be guided by advanced imaging techniques for better diagnosis of BBB damage which may exert significant therapeutic benefit including the extension of therapeutic window of tPA. This review will focus on the different stages and mechanisms of BBB damage in acute ischemic stroke and novel therapeutic strategies to target those pathways for better therapeutic outcome in stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ehsan Sifat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter, Amarillo, Texas, 79106, USA
| | - Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter, Amarillo, Texas, 79106, USA
| | - Thomas J Abbruscato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 S. Coulter, Amarillo, Texas, 79106, USA.
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Vaidya B, Pangallo M, Ruffenach G, Cunningham CM, Perron JC, Kolluru S, Eghbali M, Gupta V. Advances in treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension: patent review. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2017; 27:907-918. [DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2017.1313232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Pangallo
- School of Applied Life Sciences, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA
| | - Gregoire Ruffenach
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christine Marie Cunningham
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jeanette C. Perron
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
| | | | - Mansoureh Eghbali
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Vivek Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, Claremont, CA, USA
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John’s University, Queens, NY, USA
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Mellington FE, Dayan CM, Dickinson AJ, Hickey JL, MacEwen CJ, McLaren J, Perros P, Rose GE, Uddin J, Vaidya B, Foley P, Lazarus JH, Mitchell A, Ezra DG. Management of thyroid eye disease in the United Kingdom: A multi-centre thyroid eye disease audit. Orbit 2017; 36:159-169. [PMID: 28296512 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2017.1280057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article aims to provide baseline data and highlight any major deficiencies in the current level of care provided for adult patients with thyroid eye disease (TED). We undertook a prospective, nonrandomized cross-sectional multicenter observational study. During a 3-month period June-August 2014, consecutive adult patients with TED who presented to nominated specialist eye clinics in the United Kingdom, completed a standardized questionnaire. Main outcome measures were: demographics, time from diagnosis to referral to tertiary centre, time from referral to review in specialist eye clinic, management of thyroid dysfunction, radioiodine and provision of steroid prophylaxis, smoking, and TED classification. 91 patients (mean age 47.88 years) were included. Female-to-male ratio was 6:1. Mean time since first symptoms of TED = 27.92 (73.71) months; from first visit to any doctor with symptoms to diagnosis = 9.37 (26.03) months; from hyperthyroidism diagnosis to euthyroidism 12.45 (16.81) months. First, 13% had received radioiodine. All those with active TED received prophylactic steroids. Seven patients who received radioiodine and did not have TED at the time went on to develop it. Then, 60% patients were current or ex-smokers. 63% current smokers had been offered smoking cessation advice. 65% patients had active TED; 4% had sight-threatening TED. A large proportion of patients (54%) were unaware of their thyroid status. Not enough patients are being provided with smoking cessation advice and information on the impact of smoking on TED and control of thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - C M Dayan
- b Institute of Molecular and Experimental Medicine , Cardiff University School of Medicine , Cardiff , United Kingdom
| | - A J Dickinson
- c Newcastle Eye Centre , Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - J L Hickey
- d British Thyroid Foundation , Harrogate , United Kingdom
| | - C J MacEwen
- e Department of Ophthalmology , Ninewells Hospital , Dundee , United Kingdom
| | - J McLaren
- f Thyroid Eye Disease Charitable Trust , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - P Perros
- c Newcastle Eye Centre , Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Newcastle upon Tyne , United Kingdom
| | - G E Rose
- a Moorfields Eye Hospital , London , United Kingdom.,g UCL Institute of Ophthalmology Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology , London , United Kingdom
| | - J Uddin
- a Moorfields Eye Hospital , London , United Kingdom.,g UCL Institute of Ophthalmology Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology , London , United Kingdom
| | - B Vaidya
- h Department of Endocrinology , Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital and University of Exeter Medical School , Exeter , United Kingdom
| | - P Foley
- i Members of TEAMeD and organisations represented: A. J. Dickinson, J. L. Hickey, G. E. Rose and P. Foley - British Thyroid Foundation, J. McLaren and C. M. Dayan - Thyroid Eye Disease Charitable Trust, D. G. Ezra - Royal College of Ophthalmologists, J. Uddin - British Oculoplastic Surgery Society, C. J. MacEwen - Scottish Ophthalmologists Club, J. H. Lazarus - Royal College of Physicians, P. Perros - Society for Endocrinology and B. Vaidya - British Thyroid Association
| | - J H Lazarus
- i Members of TEAMeD and organisations represented: A. J. Dickinson, J. L. Hickey, G. E. Rose and P. Foley - British Thyroid Foundation, J. McLaren and C. M. Dayan - Thyroid Eye Disease Charitable Trust, D. G. Ezra - Royal College of Ophthalmologists, J. Uddin - British Oculoplastic Surgery Society, C. J. MacEwen - Scottish Ophthalmologists Club, J. H. Lazarus - Royal College of Physicians, P. Perros - Society for Endocrinology and B. Vaidya - British Thyroid Association
| | - A Mitchell
- i Members of TEAMeD and organisations represented: A. J. Dickinson, J. L. Hickey, G. E. Rose and P. Foley - British Thyroid Foundation, J. McLaren and C. M. Dayan - Thyroid Eye Disease Charitable Trust, D. G. Ezra - Royal College of Ophthalmologists, J. Uddin - British Oculoplastic Surgery Society, C. J. MacEwen - Scottish Ophthalmologists Club, J. H. Lazarus - Royal College of Physicians, P. Perros - Society for Endocrinology and B. Vaidya - British Thyroid Association
| | - D G Ezra
- a Moorfields Eye Hospital , London , United Kingdom.,g UCL Institute of Ophthalmology Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology , London , United Kingdom
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Gupta N, Liu JR, Patel B, Solomon DE, Vaidya B, Gupta V. Microfluidics-based 3D cell culture models: Utility in novel drug discovery and delivery research. Bioeng Transl Med 2016; 1:63-81. [PMID: 29313007 PMCID: PMC5689508 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The implementation of microfluidic devices within life sciences has furthered the possibilities of both academic and industrial applications such as rapid genome sequencing, predictive drug studies, and single cell manipulation. In contrast to the preferred two‐dimensional cell‐based screening, three‐dimensional (3D) systems have more in vivo relevance as well as ability to perform as a predictive tool for the success or failure of a drug screening campaign. 3D cell culture has shown an adaptive response to the recent advancements in microfluidic technologies which has allowed better control over spheroid sizes and subsequent drug screening studies. In this review, we highlight the most significant developments in the field of microfluidic 3D culture over the past half‐decade with a special focus on their benefits and challenges down the lane. With the newer technologies emerging, implementation of microfluidic 3D culture systems into the drug discovery pipeline is right around the bend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh Gupta
- Neofluidics LLC, Research and Development Wing San Diego CA 92121
| | - Jeffrey R Liu
- Neofluidics LLC, Research and Development Wing San Diego CA 92121
| | | | - Deepak E Solomon
- Neofluidics LLC, Research and Development Wing San Diego CA 92121
| | | | - Vivek Gupta
- School of Pharmacy Keck Graduate Institute Claremont CA 91711
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Abstract
Iodine is essential for the synthesis of thyroid hormone and optimal foetal neurological development. Pregnant women living in borderline or moderate-severe iodine deficient areas are at particularly high risk of being iodine deficient, and this may have important clinical consequences, particularly for the neurocognitive development of the offspring. It is a substantial problem and many countries including the United Kingdom are mild-moderately iodine deficient. Although the detrimental effects of severe iodine deficiency are well recognized, the benefits of correcting mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency are unclear due to a lack of randomized controlled trials in this area. However, observational data increasingly indicate that there may be substantial health and economic benefits from correcting iodine deficiency in pregnancy. There is now a growing trend from learned societies that iodine supplementation should be utilized in pregnancy in countries with mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency. The dose of iodine supplement needs to reflect local iodine status and iodization policies and will need careful monitoring at the population level to ensure doses to prevent under/excess dosing which would undermine the potential benefits. National tailored guidance is therefore essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Taylor
- Thyroid Research Group, Institute of Molecular & Experimental Medicine, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, UK
| | - B Vaidya
- Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
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Abstract
Various cells of the human physiological system have the capability to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) involved in intercellular transport of proteins and nucleic acids. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles having their origin through endocytic pathway. While being involved in intercellular transport of macromolecules, exosomes, due to their presence in several body fluids, can also be utilized as a system to commute RNA molecules and proteins in the body. Recent advances in gene therapy have provided a new outlook in disease therapeutics by modulation of gene expression using oligonucleotide based approach and exosomes have been reported a potential carrier for nucleic acid based therapeutic moieties. In recent years, small interfering RNA (siRNA) has emerged as promising therapeutic alternative for diseases with gene-based pathophysiology, however poor bioavailability limits its therapeutic potential. For effective delivery and enhancement of bioavailability of siRNA, several carriers including dendrimers, liposomes, siRNA conjugates, and siRNA aptamer chimeras, to name a few, have been explored. Exosomes can be considered a promising carrier for effective delivery of siRNA due to their existence in body's endogenous system and high tolerance. The present review focuses on delivering knowledge about exosomes, siRNA, and capability of exosomes to act as natural carriers for siRNA delivery.
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Vaidya B, Gupta V. Editorial (Thematic Issue: Novel Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Disease Treatment: From Molecular Level to Nanotechnology). Curr Pharm Des 2015; 21:4367-9. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612821999150917100529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Sharma H, Mishra PK, Talegaonkar S, Vaidya B. Metal nanoparticles: a theranostic nanotool against cancer. Drug Discov Today 2015; 20:1143-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2015.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Vaidya B, Gupta V. Novel therapeutic approaches for pulmonary arterial hypertension: Unique molecular targets to site-specific drug delivery. J Control Release 2015; 211:118-33. [PMID: 26036906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.05.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a cardiopulmonary disorder characterized by increased blood pressure in the small arterioles supplying blood to lungs for oxygenation. Advances in understanding of molecular and cellular biology techniques have led to the findings that PAH is indeed a cascade of diseases exploiting multi-faceted complex pathophysiology, with cellular proliferation and vascular remodeling being the key pathogenic events along with several cellular pathways involved. While current therapies for PAH do provide for amelioration of disease symptoms and acute survival benefits, their full therapeutic potential is hindered by patient incompliance and off-target side effects. To overcome the issues related with current therapy and to devise a more selective therapy, various novel pathways are being investigated for PAH treatment. In addition, inability to deliver anti-PAH drugs to the disease site i.e., distal pulmonary arterioles has been one of the major challenges in achieving improved patient outcomes and improved therapeutic efficacy. Several novel carriers have been explored to increase the selectivity of currently approved anti-PAH drugs and to act as suitable carriers for the delivery of investigational drugs. In the present review, we have discussed potential of various novel molecular pathways/targets including RhoA/Rho kinase, tyrosine kinase, endothelial progenitor cells, vasoactive intestinal peptide, and miRNA in PAH therapeutics. We have also discussed various techniques for site-specific drug delivery of anti-PAH therapeutics so as to improve the efficacy of approved and investigational drugs. This review will provide gainful insights into current advances in PAH therapeutics with an emphasis on site-specific drug payload delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711, United States
| | - Vivek Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Keck Graduate Institute, 535 Watson Drive, Claremont, CA 91711, United States.
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Wilson J, Brooke A, Dunn J, Goodman A, Hamilton-Wood C, Vaidya B. Recurrent phaeochromocytoma along the laparoscopic portal sites. Intern Med J 2015; 45:359-61. [PMID: 25735583 DOI: 10.1111/imj.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
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Kaur P, Garg T, Vaidya B, Prakash A, Rath G, Goyal AK. Brain delivery of intranasalin situgel of nanoparticulated polymeric carriers containing antidepressant drug: behavioral and biochemical assessment. J Drug Target 2014; 23:275-86. [DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2014.994097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Sharma H, Kumar K, Choudhary C, Mishra PK, Vaidya B. Development and characterization of metal oxide nanoparticles for the delivery of anticancer drug. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2014; 44:672-9. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.978980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Hallan SS, Kaur P, Kaur V, Mishra N, Vaidya B. Lipid polymer hybrid as emerging tool in nanocarriers for oral drug delivery. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2014; 44:334-49. [PMID: 25237838 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.951721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The oral route for drug delivery is a widely accepted route. For that reason, many researchers are currently working to develop efficient oral drug delivery systems. Use of polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) and lipid carrier systems, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), has limitations such as drug leakage and high water content of dispersions. Thus, lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPNs) have been explored by the researchers to provide a better effect using properties of both polymers and lipids. The present review is focused on the challenges, possibilities, and future perspectives of LPNs for oral delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- a Nanomedicine Research Centre, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Veerpal Kaur
- a Nanomedicine Research Centre, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
| | - Neeraj Mishra
- a Nanomedicine Research Centre, I.S.F. College of Pharmacy , Moga , Punjab , India
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Mir AS, Garg T, Vaidya B, Goyal A, Rath G. Development and Characterization of Clotrimazole Loaded Electrospun Nanofibers for the Management of Oral Candidiasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1166/jnd.2014.1056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Vaidya B, Nayak MK, Dash D, Agrawal GP, Vyas SP. Development and characterization of highly selective target-sensitive liposomes for the delivery of streptokinase: in vitro/in vivo studies. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:801-7. [PMID: 24865294 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.916770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptokinase is one of the most commonly used thrombolytic agents for the treatment of thromboembolism. Short half-life of the streptokinase requires administration of higher dose which results in various side effects including systemic haemorrhage due to activation of systemic plasmin. To increase the selectivity of the streptokinase and hence to reduce side effects, various novel carriers have been developed. Among these carriers, liposomes have been emerged as versatile carrier. In the present study, highly selective target-sensitive liposomes were developed and evaluated by in vitro and in vivo studies. Prepared liposomes were found to release streptokinase in vitro following binding with activated platelets. Intravital microscopy studies in thrombosed murine model revealed higher accumulation of liposomes in the thrombus area. In vivo thrombolysis study was performed in the human clot inoculated rat model. Results of the study showed that target-sensitive liposomes dissolved 28.27 ± 1.56% thrombus as compared to 17.18 ± 1.23% of non-liposomal streptokinase. Further, it was also observed that target-sensitive liposomes reduced the clot dissolution time as compared to streptokinase solution. Studies concluded that developed liposomes might be pragmatic carriers for the treatment of thromboembolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- a Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. H. S. Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India and
| | - Manasa K Nayak
- b Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Debabrata Dash
- b Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Medical Sciences , Banaras Hindu University , Varanasi , Uttar Pradesh , India
| | - Govind P Agrawal
- a Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. H. S. Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India and
| | - Suresh P Vyas
- a Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Dr. H. S. Gour University , Sagar , Madhya Pradesh , India and
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Kumar K, Dhawan N, Sharma H, Patwal PS, Vaidya S, Vaidya B. Bilayer mucoadhesive microparticles for the delivery of metoprolol succinate: Formulation and evaluation. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2014; 43:328-33. [PMID: 24579883 DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2014.887017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Metoprolol succinate is a very potent drug for the treatment of hypertension but suffers from poor bioavailability due to its erratic absorption in lower GI tract. Therefore, in the present study, it was hypothesized that by formulating mucoadhesive particles, the residence time in the GIT and release of drug may be prolonged that will enhance the bioavailability of metoprolol succinate. Metoprolol succinate loaded chitosan microparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method. The optimized microparticles were coated with sodium alginate to form a layer over chitosan microparticles to increase the mucoadhesive strength and to release the drug in controlled manner. Coated and uncoated microparticles were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug loading and in vitro drug release. The coated microparticles showed comparatively less drug release in the 0.1 N HCl while sustained release in PBS (pH 6.8) as compared to uncoated microparticles. The in vivo study on albino rats demonstrated an increase in bioavailability of the coated microparticles as compared to marketed formulation. From the study it can be concluded that alginate coated chitosan microparticles could be a useful carrier for the oral delivery of metoprolol succinate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishan Kumar
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , ISF college of Pharmacy , Moga, Punjab , India
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has become devastating in last a few years. Nearly 7400 new infection cases are coming every day. Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), which involves combination of at least three antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, has been used to extend the life span of the HIV-infected patients. HAART has played an important role to reduce mortality rate in the developed countries but in the developing countries condition is still worst with millions of people being infected by this disease. For the improvement of the situation, nanotechnology-based drug system has been explored for the HIV therapeutics. Nanosystems used for HIV therapeutics offer some unique advantage like enhancement of bioavailability, water solubility, stability, and targeting ability of ARV drugs. Main nanotechnology-based systems explored for HIV therapeutics are liposomes, nanoparticles, niosomes, polymeric micelles, and dendrimers. Present manuscript reviews conventional method of HIV therapeutics and recent advances in the field of nanotechnology-based systems for treatment of HIV-AIDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalit Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Shivalik College of Pharmacy , Punjab , India
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Kumar K, Dhawan N, Sharma H, Vaidya S, Vaidya B. Bioadhesive polymers: Novel tool for drug delivery. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2013; 42:274-83. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.815194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Kumar L, Verma S, Jamwal S, Vaidya S, Vaidya B. Polymeric microparticles-based formulation for the eradication of cutaneous candidiasis: development and characterization. Pharm Dev Technol 2013; 19:318-25. [DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2013.778874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Benzimra JD, Quinn AG, Kersey T, McGrane D, Goss L, Vaidya B. Management of patients in a combined thyroid eye clinic in secondary care. Int Ophthalmol 2013; 34:1-6. [PMID: 23549634 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-013-9768-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The European Group on Graves' Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) recommends the use of specialised multidisciplinary clinics for the management of thyroid eye disease (TED). In the UK, many patients with TED are managed outside of specialised clinics. We describe the organisation of a combined TED clinic in a secondary care setting and present the result of a prospective audit of the patient characteristics and outcomes during the first four years of a combined TED clinic. Of a total of 132 patients referred to the TED clinic, 114 (86 %) had TED (90 females, median age 56 years; range 17-90 years). At presentation, 77 (67 %) were current or ex-smokers and 99 (87 %) were biochemically euthyroid. Median duration of eye symptoms was 12 months. Fifty-two percent, 45 and 3 had mild, moderate-to-severe and sight-threatening TED, respectively. Only 18 % of patients had a clinical activity score (CAS) of ≥3. Sixty-nine patients (61 %) required follow-up appointments in the TED clinic. In those who required follow-up, 43 % (n = 30) received either immunosuppressive or surgical treatment. CAS improved from first to final visit, with 29 % (n = 20) having a CAS of ≥3 at the first visit and 1 % (n = 1) at the final visit (p = 0.0001). There was also a decrease in prevalence of smoking and thyroid dysfunction at the final visit. A multidisciplinary specialised TED clinic offers an optimal setting for managing patients with TED; however, patients are often referred late to a specialist TED clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Benzimra
- West of England Eye Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK,
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Kumar L, Verma S, Bhardwaj A, Vaidya S, Vaidya B. Eradication of superficial fungal infections by conventional and novel approaches: a comprehensive review. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2013; 42:32-46. [DOI: 10.3109/21691401.2013.769446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Chakera
- Macleod Diabetes & Endocrine Centre, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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Paschke R, Niedziela M, Vaidya B, Persani L, Rapoport B, Leclere J. 2012 European thyroid association guidelines for the management of familial and persistent sporadic non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism caused by thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor germline mutations. Eur Thyroid J 2012; 1:142-7. [PMID: 24783013 PMCID: PMC3821481 DOI: 10.1159/000342982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
All cases of familial thyrotoxicosis with absence of evidence of autoimmunity and all children with persistent isolated neonatal hyperthyroidism should be evaluated for familial non-autoimmune autosomal dominant hyperthyroidism (FNAH) or persistent sporadic non-autoimmune hyperthyroidism (PSNAH). First, all index patients should be analysed for the presence/absence of a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptor (TSHR) germline mutation, and if they display a TSHR germline mutation, all other family members including asymptomatic and euthyroid family members should also be analysed. A functional characterization of all new TSHR mutations is necessary. Appropriate ablative therapy is recommended to avoid relapses of hyperthyroidism and its consequences, especially in children. Therefore, in children the diagnosis of FNAH or PSNAH needs to be established as early as possible in the presence of the clinical hallmarks of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Paschke
- Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- *Prof. Ralf Paschke, Leipzig University, Department of Endocrinology and Nephrology, Liebigstrasse 20, DE–04103 Leipzig (Germany), E-Mail
| | - M. Niedziela
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Rheumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - B. Vaidya
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - L. Persani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, and Community Health, University of Milan, and Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - B. Rapoport
- Autoimmune Disease Unit, Cedars-Sinai Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Calif., USA
| | - J. Leclere
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nancy, Nancy, France
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Brooks AM, Owens M, Sayer JA, Salzmann M, Ellard S, Vaidya B. Pseudohypoaldosteronism type 2 presenting with hypertension and hyperkalaemia due to a novel mutation in the WNK4 gene. QJM 2012; 105:791-4. [PMID: 21764813 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcr119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A M Brooks
- Department of Endocrinology, Royal Devon & Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
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Vaidya B, Agrawal G, Vyas SP. Functionalized carriers for the improved delivery of plasminogen activators. Int J Pharm 2012; 424:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2011] [Revised: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 12/21/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Vaidya B, Vyas SP. Transferrin coupled vesicular system for intracellular drug delivery for the treatment of cancer: development and characterization. J Drug Target 2012; 20:372-80. [PMID: 22339366 DOI: 10.3109/1061186x.2012.662687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In the present study attempt has been made to enhance the selective tumor cell killing in mouse xenograft model using DQAsomes as a mitochondriotropic carrier and transferrin (Tf) as a ligand to target tumor cells. METHODS Tf modified DQAsomes (Tf-DQAsomes) were prepared by incubating preformed paclitaxel loaded DQAsomes with Tf in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride. Developed systems were characterized for size and size distribution, entrapment efficiency, and in vitro drug release. Fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate cellular uptake of the carriers. Antitumor activity was determined using HeLa cells. In vivo therapeutic efficacy was determined in xenograft mouse model. KEY FINDINGS Uptake studies demonstrated that Tf-DQAsomes result in higher fluorescence intensity to the cancer cells as compared to plain DQAsomes. Tf-DQAsomes exhibited better antitumor activity in vitro as compared to plain DQAsomes and paclitaxel solution. In vivo biodistribution study revealed that paclitaxel concentration in the tumor was much higher in the case of Tf-DQAsomes as compared to plain DQAsomes and paclitaxel solution; however in other organs it was much lower than the latter two formulations. Tf-DQAsomes exhibited significant antitumor activity in the mouse xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS The finding demonstrated that Tf conjugated DQAsomes can effectively be delivered to the tumor in vivo and exhibit significant antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvaneshwar Vaidya
- Drug Delivery Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Dr. H. S. Gour University, Sagar (M.P.), India.
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