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Martorana F, Di Grazia G, Rosano GN, Vecchio GM, Conti C, Nucera S, Magro G, Vigneri P. More Than Meets the Eye: A Case of Breast Cancer Switching from Being Luminal-Androgen-Receptor-Positive to Being Hormone-Receptor-Positive. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1875. [PMID: 37893593 PMCID: PMC10608003 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59101875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents about 15% of all breast cancers and is usually characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and a poor prognosis. Four TNBC subgroups have been previously defined with different molecular profiles: (i) luminal androgen receptor (LAR), (ii) mesenchymal (MES), (iii) basal-like immunosuppressed (BLIS) and (iv) basal-like immune-activated (BLIA). Among these, LAR is characterized by the expression of the androgen receptor (AR), and exhibits genomic characteristics that resemble luminal breast cancers, with a still undefined prognosis and clinical behavior. Here, we report a case of a woman affected by recurring LAR TNBC, which underwent phenotypic changes throughout its natural history. After the initial diagnosis of LAR breast cancer, the patient experienced local recurrence with strong expression of the estrogen receptor. Due to this finding, she started treatment with a CDK4/6-inhibitor and an aromatase inhibitor, followed by oral vinorelbine, both with dismal outcomes. Then, she received everolimus and exemestane, which determined temporary disease stabilization. An extensive NGS analysis of tumor tissue showed PIK3CA and HER2 mutations. Our case is consistent with previous reports of LAR breast cancer and underlines the potential utility of re-biopsy and molecular testing in breast cancer (BC), especially in rare subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Martorana
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Di Grazia
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98131 Messina, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Giovanni Nunzio Rosano
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.N.R.); (G.M.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Giada Maria Vecchio
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.N.R.); (G.M.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Chiara Conti
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98131 Messina, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Sabrina Nucera
- Department of Human Pathology “G. Barresi”, University of Messina, 98131 Messina, Italy; (G.D.G.); (C.C.); (S.N.)
| | - Gaetano Magro
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, Anatomic Pathology, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (G.N.R.); (G.M.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Paolo Vigneri
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy;
- Humanitas Istituto Clinico Catanese, University Oncology Department, 95045 Catania, Italy
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2
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Miziak P, Baran M, Błaszczak E, Przybyszewska-Podstawka A, Kałafut J, Smok-Kalwat J, Dmoszyńska-Graniczka M, Kiełbus M, Stepulak A. Estrogen Receptor Signaling in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4689. [PMID: 37835383 PMCID: PMC10572081 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER) signaling is a critical regulator of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival in breast cancer (BC) and other hormone-sensitive cancers. In this review, we explore the mechanism of ER-dependent downstream signaling in BC and the role of estrogens as growth factors necessary for cancer invasion and dissemination. The significance of the clinical implications of ER signaling in BC, including the potential of endocrine therapies that target estrogens' synthesis and ER-dependent signal transmission, such as aromatase inhibitors or selective estrogen receptor modulators, is discussed. As a consequence, the challenges associated with the resistance to these therapies resulting from acquired ER mutations and potential strategies to overcome them are the critical point for the new treatment strategies' development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Miziak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Marzena Baran
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Ewa Błaszczak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Alicja Przybyszewska-Podstawka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Joanna Kałafut
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Jolanta Smok-Kalwat
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Holy Cross Cancer Centre, 3 Artwinskiego Street, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Dmoszyńska-Graniczka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Michał Kiełbus
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
| | - Andrzej Stepulak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, 1 Chodzki Street, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (M.B.); (E.B.); (A.P.-P.); (J.K.); (M.D.-G.)
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3
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Xu X, Lu L, Zhu L, Tan Y, Yu L, Bao L. Predicting the molecular subtypes of breast cancer using nomograms based on three-dimensional ultrasonography characteristics. Front Oncol 2022; 12:838787. [PMID: 36059623 PMCID: PMC9437331 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.838787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundMolecular subtyping of breast cancer is commonly doneforindividualzed cancer management because it may determines prognosis and treatment. Therefore, preoperativelyidentifying different molecular subtypes of breast cancery can be significant in clinical practice.Thisretrospective study aimed to investigate characteristic three-dimensional ultrasonographic imaging parameters of breast cancer that are associated with the molecular subtypes and establish nomograms to predict the molecular subtypes of breast cancers.MethodsA total of 309 patients diagnosed with breast cancer between January 2017and December 2019 were enrolled. Sonographic features were compared between the different molecular subtypes. A multinomial logistic regression model was developed, and nomograms were constructed based on this model.ResultsThe performance of the nomograms was evaluated in terms of discrimination and calibration.Variables such as maximum diameter, irregular shape, non-parallel growth, heterogeneous internal echo, enhanced posterior echo, lymph node metastasis, retraction phenomenon, calcification, and elasticity score were entered into the multinomial model.Three nomograms were constructed to visualize the final model. The probabilities of the different molecular subtypes could be calculated based on these nomograms. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curves of the model, the macro-and micro-areaunder the curve (AUC) were0.744, and 0.787. The AUC was 0.759, 0.683, 0.747 and 0.785 for luminal A(LA), luminal B(LB), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive(HER2), and triple-negative(TN), respectively.The nomograms for the LA, HER2, and TN subtypes provided good calibration.ConclusionsSonographic features such as calcification and posterior acoustic features were significantly associated with the molecular subtype of breast cancer. The presence of the retraction phenomenon was the most important predictor for the LA subtype. Nomograms to predict the molecular subtype were established, and the calibration curves and receiver operating characteristic curves proved that the models had good performance.
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Yang PS, Chao YT, Lung CF, Liu CL, Chang YC, Li KC, Hsu YC. Association of Pathway Mutations With Survival in Taiwanese Breast Cancers. Front Oncol 2022; 12:819555. [PMID: 35936696 PMCID: PMC9354680 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.819555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in women worldwide. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides a high-resolution profile of cancer genome. Our study ultimately gives the insight for genetic screening to identify the minority of patients with breast cancer with a poor prognosis, who might benefit from the most intensive possible treatment. The detection of mutations can polish the traditional method to detect high-risk patients who experience poor prognosis, recurrence and death early. In total, 147 breast cancer tumors were sequenced with targeted sequencing using a RainDance Cancer Hotspot Panel. The average age of all 147 breast cancer patients in the study was 51.7 years, with a range of 21–77 years. The average sequencing depth was 5,222x (range 2,900x-8,633x), and the coverage was approximately 100%. A total of 235 variants in 43 genes were detected in 147 patients by high-depth Illumina sequencing. A total of 219 single nucleotide variations were found in 42 genes from 147 patients, and 16 indel mutations were found in 13 genes from 84 patients. After filtering with the 1000 Genomes database and for synonymous SNPs, we focused on 54 somatic functional point mutations. The functional point mutations contained 54 missense mutations in 22 genes. Additionally, mutation of genes within the RET, PTEN, CDH1, MAP2K4, NF1, ERBB2, RUNX1, PIK3CA, FGFR3, KIT, KDR, APC, SMO, NOTCH1, and FBXW7 in breast cancer patients were with poor prognosis. Moreover, TP53 and APC mutations were enriched in triple-negative breast cancer. APC mutations were associated with a poor prognosis in human breast cancer (log-rank P<0.001). Our study identified tumor mutation hotspot profiles in Taiwanese breast cancer patients, revealing new targetable gene mutations in Asian breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Sheng Yang
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ting Chao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Fan Lung
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Liang Liu
- Department of Medicine, MacKay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of General Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Ching Chang
- Department of General Surgery, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ker-Chau Li
- Institute of Statistical Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Statistics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Yi-Chiung Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yi-Chiung Hsu,
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Sun H, Dai J, Chen M, Chen Q, Xie Q, Zhang W, Li G, Yan M. miR-139-5p Was Identified as Biomarker of Different Molecular Subtypes of Breast Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:857714. [PMID: 35433464 PMCID: PMC9009410 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.857714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Located on chromosome 11q13.4, miR-139-5p has been confirmed by several studies as a possible attractive biomarker for cancer, including breast cancer, but its mechanism of correlation in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer has not been reported. In this study, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was used to evaluate the expression of miR-139-5p in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer (luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like). The target genes of miR-139-5p were predicted by using an online database TargetScan and miRDB, and three key genes, FBN2, MEX3A, and TPD52, were screened in combination with differentially expressed genes in different molecular subtypes of breast cancer. The expression of the three genes was verified separately, and the genes were analyzed for pathway and functional enrichment. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) are another kind of highly plastic cell population existing in bone marrow besides hematopoietic stem cells. BMSC can affect the proliferation and migration of cancer cells, promote the metastasis and development of cancer, and regulate the tumor microenvironment by secreting exosome mirnas, thus affecting the malignant biological behavior of tumor cells. Finally, human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells exosomes were obtained by ultracentrifugation, and the morphology of exosomes was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of miR-139-5p in normal breast cells MCF-10A, human breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231 cells, and BMSCs-derived exosomes were compared; the exosomes and MDA-MB-231 cells were co-cultured to observe their effects on the proliferation of the MDA-MB-231 cells. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes inhibited the growth of breast cancer cells and promoted the expression of FBN2, MEX3A, and TPD52 by transporting miR-139-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohang Sun
- General Surgery I (Thyroid, Breast, Vascular, Hernia Surgery), General Hospital of Zhenhai District People’s Hospital Medical Group, Ningbo, China
| | - Ji Dai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhenhai District People’s Hospital, Ningbo, China
| | - Mengze Chen
- General Surgery I (Thyroid, Breast, Vascular, Hernia Surgery), General Hospital of Zhenhai District People’s Hospital Medical Group, Ningbo, China
| | - Qi Chen
- General Surgery I (Thyroid, Breast, Vascular, Hernia Surgery), General Hospital of Zhenhai District People’s Hospital Medical Group, Ningbo, China
| | - Qiong Xie
- General Surgery I (Thyroid, Breast, Vascular, Hernia Surgery), General Hospital of Zhenhai District People’s Hospital Medical Group, Ningbo, China
| | - Weijun Zhang
- General Surgery I (Thyroid, Breast, Vascular, Hernia Surgery), General Hospital of Zhenhai District People’s Hospital Medical Group, Ningbo, China
| | - Guoqing Li
- General Surgery I (Thyroid, Breast, Vascular, Hernia Surgery), General Hospital of Zhenhai District People’s Hospital Medical Group, Ningbo, China
| | - Meidi Yan
- General Surgery I (Thyroid, Breast, Vascular, Hernia Surgery), General Hospital of Zhenhai District People’s Hospital Medical Group, Ningbo, China
- *Correspondence: Meidi Yan,
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Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) encompasses a heterogeneous group of fundamentally different diseases with different histologic, genomic, and immunologic profiles, which are aggregated under this term because of their lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression. Massively parallel sequencing and other omics technologies have demonstrated the level of heterogeneity in TNBCs and shed light into the pathogenesis of this therapeutically challenging entity in breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the histologic and molecular classifications of TNBC, the genomic alterations these different tumor types harbor, and the potential impact of these alterations on the pathogenesis of these tumors. We also explore the role of the tumor microenvironment in the biology of TNBCs and its potential impact on therapeutic response. Dissecting the biology and understanding the therapeutic dependencies of each TNBC subtype will be essential to delivering on the promise of precision medicine for patients with triple-negative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Derakhshan
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA;
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10021, USA;
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7
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Agarwal P, Khan F, Gupta S, Bhalla S, Thomas A, Anand A, Singh K, Sonkar AA. Co-Relation of Hormonal Profile and BRCA1 in Sporadic Breast Carcinoma: A Single Institutional Experience of 303 Patients. CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (THOUSAND OAKS, VENTURA COUNTY, CALIF.) 2022; 15:2632010X221076379. [PMID: 35187481 PMCID: PMC8851497 DOI: 10.1177/2632010x221076379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Invasive Breast carcinoma—No special type (NST) is the most common breast malignancy accounting for 95% of breast cancers. Study of predictive and prognostic immunohistochemical markers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2neu) expression are crucial for treatment planning. Materials and Methods: In the present study we studied the hormonal profile in 303 sporadic breast cancers and BRCA1 protein expression in these patients along with its clinico-pathological correlation. Results: In our patient population, Triple negative Breast carcinoma (TNBC) (104/303; 34.3%) was the most common luminal subtype followed by Luminal A 74/303; 24.4%), Her2 enriched (65/303; 21.5%), and Luminal B (60/303; 19.8%) respectively. This contrasts with many western studies which commonly report Luminal A being the largest subgroup. BRCA1 protein loss was more prominently seen in TNBC (64/104;61.5%) highlighting the possibility that high grade tumors are more susceptible to some epigenetic modifications leading to higher likelihood of loss of BRCA1 protein. Conclusion: Hence, we conclude that like hereditary cases of breast carcinoma with BRCA1 mutation; BRCA1 loss is also more likely in sporadic TNBC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preeti Agarwal
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Fatima Khan
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sameer Gupta
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shalini Bhalla
- Department of Pathology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ann Thomas
- Department of Oncopathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Akshay Anand
- Department of General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kulranjan Singh
- Department of Endocrine Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhinav Arun Sonkar
- Department of General Surgery, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zelli V, Silvestri V, Valentini V, Bucalo A, Rizzolo P, Zanna I, Bianchi S, Coppa A, Giannini G, Cortesi L, Calistri D, Tibiletti MG, Fox SB, Palli D, Ottini L. Transcriptome of Male Breast Cancer Matched with Germline Profiling Reveals Novel Molecular Subtypes with Possible Clinical Relevance. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184515. [PMID: 34572741 PMCID: PMC8469418 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Breast cancer in men is a rare disease; however, morbidity and mortality in male breast cancer (MBC) patients is a serious concern. The identification of specific molecular features in MBC is essential for developing more appropriate and targeted therapeutic strategies for MBC patients. In this study, by transcriptome analysis of 63 MBCs characterized for germline mutations in the most relevant BC susceptibility genes, mainly BRCA1/2, we highlighted possible differences in the molecular pathways underlying MBC pathogenesis in relation to germline mutation status. Furthermore, we identified two distinct subgroups of MBCs of clinical relevance, which are characterized by different biological features and prognosis. Overall, our results showed that transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing is a valuable approach to dissect the molecular heterogeneity of MBC and suggest that the transcriptome matched with germline profiling may lead to the identification of MBC subtypes with possible relevance in the clinical setting, which is a primary step to improve the clinical management of MBC patients. Abstract Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare and understudied disease compared with female BC. About 15% of MBCs are associated with germline mutation in BC susceptibility genes, mainly BRCA1/2 and PALB2. Hereditary MBCs are likely to represent a subgroup of tumors with a peculiar phenotype. Here, we performed a whole transcriptome analysis of MBCs characterized for germline mutations in the most relevant BC susceptibility genes in order to identify molecular subtypes with clinical relevance. A series of 63 MBCs, including 16 BRCA2, 6 BRCA1, 2 PALB2, 1 RAD50, and 1 RAD51D germline-mutated cases, was analyzed by RNA-sequencing. Differential expression and hierarchical clustering analyses were performed. Module signatures associated with central biological processes involved in breast cancer pathogenesis were also examined. Different transcriptome profiles for genes mainly involved in the cell cycle, DNA damage, and DNA repair pathways emerged between MBCs with and without germline mutations. Unsupervised clustering analysis revealed two distinct subgroups, one of which was characterized by a higher expression of immune response genes, high scores of gene-expression signatures suggestive of aggressive behavior, and worse overall survival. Our results suggest that transcriptome matched with germline profiling may be a valuable approach for the identification and characterization of MBC subtypes with possible relevance in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Zelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Valentina Silvestri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Virginia Valentini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Agostino Bucalo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Piera Rizzolo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Ines Zanna
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 08518 Florence, Italy; (I.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Simonetta Bianchi
- Division of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, 08518 Florence, Italy;
| | - Anna Coppa
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.R.); (G.G.)
| | - Laura Cortesi
- Department of Oncology and Haematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy;
| | - Daniele Calistri
- IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Tibiletti
- Department of Pathology, ASST Settelaghi and Centro di Ricerca per lo Studio dei Tumori Eredo-Familiari, Università dell’Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Stephen B. Fox
- Department of Pathology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - kConFab
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
- Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer (kConFab), Research Department, PeterMacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Domenico Palli
- Cancer Risk Factors and Lifestyle Epidemiology Unit, Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network (ISPRO), 08518 Florence, Italy; (I.Z.); (D.P.)
| | - Laura Ottini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; (V.Z.); (V.S.); (V.V.); (A.B.); (P.R.); (G.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-06-49918268
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9
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Taniguchi H, Natori Y, Miyagi Y, Hayashi K, Nagamura F, Kataoka K, Imai K. Treatment of primary and metastatic breast and pancreatic tumors upon intravenous delivery of a PRDM14-specific chimeric siRNA/nanocarrier complex. Int J Cancer 2021; 149:646-656. [PMID: 33783816 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
PRDM14 is highly expressed in several cancers but is not detected in normal tissues. It confers cancer stem cell-like properties, including chemoresistance and distant metastasis, to cancer cells. Herein, we aimed to develop a highly effective therapy against advanced stage cancer based on intravenously delivered PRDM14-targeted siRNA. First, we examined PRDM14 expression and gene amplification in breast and pancreatic tumors and cell lines. PRDM14 was expressed in breast cancer, including the triple-negative subtype, and pancreatic cancer. PRDM14 was amplified in 23.8% of patients with PRDM14+ breast cancer. Next, we investigated the inoculated tumor growth and distant metastasis following PRDM14 depletion by administering mice with PRDM14-specific chimeric siRNA combined with a novel branched PEGylated poly-L-ornithine (PLO)-based intravenous drug delivery system, designated PRDM14 unit polyion complex (uPIC) (n = 6/group). Inhibition of PRDM14 expression with PRDM14 uPIC by systemic intravenous injection effectively reduced tumor size and metastasis in vivo, thereby improving survival. Finally, pharmacokinetic/toxicokinetic analyses were performed on PRDM14 uPIC, which was intravenously administered to rats (n = 10-15/group) and cynomolgus monkeys (n = 3-5/group), twice weekly for 4 weeks. This revealed that PRDM14 uPIC was relatively nontoxic and the siRNA exposure in serum was greater than that predicted by the administered dose ratio when delivered as a uPIC. Taken together, our study indicated that PRDM14 uPIC is highly effective in suppressing malignant features of solid cancers and does not cause severe toxicity, making it a promising therapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Taniguchi
- The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Research and Development Center for Precision Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Innovation Medical Research Institute, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukikazu Natori
- Keio Cancer Center, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,BioThinkTank Co. Ltd., Nishi-ku Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Yohei Miyagi
- Molecular Pathology and Genetics Division, Kanagawa Cancer Center Research Institute, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hayashi
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Nagamura
- Translational Research Center, Research Hospital, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan.,Institute for Future Initiatives, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohzoh Imai
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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10
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Díaz-Gavela AA, Del Cerro Peñalver E, Sanchez García S, Leonardo Guerrero L, Sanz Rosa D, Couñago Lorenzo F. Breast cancer radiotherapy: What physicians need to know in the era of the precision medicine. Breast Dis 2021; 40:1-16. [PMID: 33554881 DOI: 10.3233/bd-201022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases in one with significant epidemiological, clinical, and biological heterogeneity, which determines a different natural history and prognostic profile. Although classical tumour staging (TNM) still provides valuable information, the current reality is that the clinicians must consider other biological and molecular factors that directly influence treatment decision-making. The management of breast cancer has changed radically in the last 15 years due to significant advances in our understanding of these tumours. This knowledge has brought with it a major impact regarding surgical and systemic management and has been practice-changing, but it has also created significant uncertainties regarding how best integrate the radiotherapy treatment into the therapeutic scheme. In parallel, radiotherapy itself has also experienced major advances, new radiobiological concepts have emerged, and genomic data and other patient-specific factors must now be integrated into individualised treatment approaches. In this context, "precision medicine" seeks to provide an answer to these open questions and uncertainties. The aim of the present review is to clarify the meaning of this term and to critically evaluate its role and impact on contemporary breast cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aurora Díaz-Gavela
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Luz, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Biomedicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Del Cerro Peñalver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Luz, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Biomedicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sofía Sanchez García
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Luz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Leonardo Guerrero
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Luz, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sanz Rosa
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Biomedicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Couñago Lorenzo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital Universitario Quirónsalud Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hospital La Luz, Madrid, Spain
- Clinical Department, Faculty of Biomedicine, Universidad Europea, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Harnessing the Complexity of Data in Precision Oncology. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11668-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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12
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Bidard FC, Jacot W, Kiavue N, Dureau S, Kadi A, Brain E, Bachelot T, Bourgeois H, Gonçalves A, Ladoire S, Naman H, Dalenc F, Gligorov J, Espié M, Emile G, Ferrero JM, Loirat D, Frank S, Cabel L, Diéras V, Cayrefourcq L, Simondi C, Berger F, Alix-Panabières C, Pierga JY. Efficacy of Circulating Tumor Cell Count-Driven vs Clinician-Driven First-line Therapy Choice in Hormone Receptor-Positive, ERBB2-Negative Metastatic Breast Cancer: The STIC CTC Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol 2021; 7:34-41. [PMID: 33151266 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2020.5660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Importance The choice between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy as first-line treatment for hormone receptor-positive, ERBB2 (also known as HER2)-negative metastatic breast cancer is usually based on the presence of clinical features associated with a poor prognosis. In this setting, a high circulating tumor cell (CTC) count (≥5 CTCs/7.5 mL) is a strong adverse prognostic factor for overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS). Objective To compare the efficacy of a clinician-driven treatment choice vs a CTC-driven choice for first-line treatment. Interventions In the CTC arm, patients received chemotherapy or endocrine therapy according to the CTC count (chemotherapy if ≥5 CTCs/7.5 mL; endocrine therapy if <5 CTCs/7.5 mL), whereas in the control arm, the choice was left to the investigator. Design, Setting, and Participants In the STIC CTC randomized, open-label, noninferiority phase 3 trial, participants were randomized to a clinician-driven choice of first-line treatment or a CTC count-driven first-line treatment choice. Eligible participants were premenopausal and postmenopausal women 18 years or older diagnosed with hormone receptor-positive, ERBB2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Data were collected at 17 French cancer centers from February 1, 2012, to July 28, 2016, and analyzed June 2019 to October 2019. Main Outcome and Measures The primary end point was the investigator-assessed PFS in the per-protocol population, with a noninferiority margin of 1.25 for the 90% CI of the hazard ratio. Results Among the 755 women in the per-protocol population, the median (range) age was 63 (30-88) years [64 (30-88) years for the 377 patients allocated to the CTC arm and 63 (31-87) years for the 378 patients allocated to the standard arm]; 138 (37%) and 103 (27%) received chemotherapy, respectively. Median PFS was 15.5 months (95% CI, 12.7-17.3) in the CTC arm and 13.9 months (95% CI, 12.2-16.3) in the standard arm. The primary end point was met, with a hazard ratio of 0.94 (90% CI, 0.81-1.09). Conclusions and Relevance This randomized clinical trial found that the CTC count may be a reliable biomarker method for guiding the choice between chemotherapy and endocrine therapy as the first-line treatment in hormone receptor-positive, ERBB2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01710605.
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Affiliation(s)
- François-Clément Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, UVSQ and Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Cloud, France.,INSERM Center of Clinical Investigations in Biotherapies of Cancer (CIC-BT) 1428, Paris, France
| | - William Jacot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut du Cancer de Montpellier (ICM), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier, INSERM U1194, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Nicolas Kiavue
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, UVSQ and Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Sylvain Dureau
- Biometry Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Amir Kadi
- Biometry Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Etienne Brain
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, UVSQ and Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Thomas Bachelot
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Hugues Bourgeois
- Department of Medical Oncology, Victor Hugo Clinic, Le Mans, France
| | - Anthony Gonçalves
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Ladoire
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | - Hervé Naman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Azuréen de Cancérologie, Mougins, France
| | - Florence Dalenc
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France
| | - Joseph Gligorov
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Tenon, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Marc Espié
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France
| | - George Emile
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre François Baclesse, Caen, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ferrero
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Antoine Lacassagne, Nice, France
| | - Delphine Loirat
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Frank
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Luc Cabel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, UVSQ and Paris-Saclay University, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Véronique Diéras
- Formerly with Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France.,Now with Department of Medical Oncology, Centre Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Laure Cayrefourcq
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Center of Montpellier, EA 2415, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Cécile Simondi
- Clinical Research Department, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Frédérique Berger
- Biometry Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Alix-Panabières
- Laboratory of Rare Human Circulating Cells, University Medical Center of Montpellier, EA 2415, Montpellier University, Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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13
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Jiang M, Yang J, Li K, Liu J, Jing X, Tang M. Insights into the theranostic value of precision medicine on advanced radiotherapy to breast cancer. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:626-638. [PMID: 33437197 PMCID: PMC7797538 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.49544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. "Breast cancer" encompasses a broad spectrum of diseases (i.e., subtypes) with significant epidemiological, clinical, and biological heterogeneity. Each of these subtypes has a different natural history and prognostic profile. Although tumour staging (TNM classification) still provides valuable information in the overall management of breast cancer, the current reality is that clinicians must consider other biological and molecular factors that directly influence treatment decision-making, including extent of surgery, indication for chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, and even radiotherapy (and treatment volumes). The management of breast cancer has changed radically in the last 15 years due to significant advances in our understanding of these tumours. While these changes have been extremely positive in terms of surgical and systemic management, they have also created significant uncertainties concerning integration of local and locoregional radiotherapy into the therapeutic scheme. In parallel, radiotherapy itself has also experienced major advances. Beyond the evident technological advances, new radiobiological concepts have emerged, and genomic data and other patient-specific factors must now be integrated into individualized treatment approaches. In this context, "precision medicine" seeks to provide an answer to these open questions and uncertainties. Although precision medicine has been much discussed in the last five years or so, the concept remains somewhat ambiguous, and it often appear to be used as a "catch-all" term. The present review aims to clarify the meaning of this term and, more importantly, to critically evaluate the role and impact of precision medicine on breast cancer radiotherapy. Finally, we will discuss the current and future of precision medicine in radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Jiang
- 3 rd Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China.,Department of Oncology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jianshe Yang
- 3 rd Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Kang Li
- 3 rd Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Jia Liu
- 3 rd Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China
| | - Xigang Jing
- Medical College of Wisconsin (Milwaukee), Wisconsin 53226, USA
| | - Meiqin Tang
- 3 rd Affiliated Hospital of the Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518172, China.,Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518172, China
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14
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Cho N. Imaging features of breast cancer molecular subtypes: state of the art. J Pathol Transl Med 2020; 55:16-25. [PMID: 33153242 PMCID: PMC7829574 DOI: 10.4132/jptm.2020.09.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization of breast cancer molecular subtypes has been the standard of care for breast cancer management. We aimed to provide a review of imaging features of breast cancer molecular subtypes for the field of precision medicine. We also provide an update on the recent progress in precision medicine for breast cancer, implications for imaging, and recent observations in longitudinal functional imaging with radiomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nariya Cho
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Institute of Radiation Medicine, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea
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15
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Zhang Q, Lei L, Jing D. Knockdown of SERPINE1 reverses resistance of triple‑negative breast cancer to paclitaxel via suppression of VEGFA. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1875-1884. [PMID: 33000256 PMCID: PMC7551184 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has a poor prognosis and a high number of visceral metastases. Serine protease inhibitor, clade E member 1 (SERPINE1) is a molecule involved in several human malignancies. However, it remains unknown if SERPINE1 plays a role in the development of taxane resistance in TNBC cells. In the present study, the role and mechanism of SERPINE1 in the development of paclitaxel (PTX) resistance in TNBC cells were investigated. A bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profiles in PTX‑resistant cells indicated that SERPINE1 was significantly associated with PTX resistance. Furthermore, the levels of SERPINE1 mRNA and protein were higher in PTX‑resistant cells with respect to those in PTX‑sensitive parent cells. Knockdown of SERPINE1 significantly inhibited cell survival and induced cell apoptosis in vitro. In addition, SERPINE1 silencing led to downregulation of the key angiogenetic vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Furthermore, suppression of SERPINE1 markedly attenuated tumor growth in vivo. Collectively, these findings indicated that SERPINE1 significantly contributed to the proliferation and apoptosis of TNBC cells by regulating VEGFA expression. The present study demonstrated SERPINE1 as an oncogene in PTX drug resistance of breast cancer, and revealed that it may serve as a possible target for treating BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Teaching and Research Section of Surgery, Xiangnan University Affiliated Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Internal Medicine, Xiangnan University Affiliated Hospital, Chenzhou, Hunan 423000, P.R. China
| | - Di Jing
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
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16
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Adenomyoepithelial tumors of the breast: molecular underpinnings of a rare entity. Mod Pathol 2020; 33:1764-1772. [PMID: 32355271 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-020-0552-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adenomyoepitheliomas (AMEs) of the breast are uncommon and span the morphologic spectrum of benign, atypical, in situ, and invasive forms. In exceptionally rare cases, these tumors metastasize to regional lymph nodes or distant sites. In the era of genomic characterization, data is limited regarding AMEs. The aim of this study was to provide insight into the molecular underpinnings of a spectrum of AMEs. Seven cases of AMEs of the breast (benign-1, atypical-2, in situ-1, invasive-3) were identified in our files. The seven samples were interrogated using the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay v3 (ThermoFisher). Two atypical AMEs and the malignant in situ AME harbored the same gain-of-function PIK3CA mutation. The malignant in situ AME also showed EGFR amplification, not described previously. Both a benign AME and a malignant invasive AME shared the same gain-of-function AKT1 variant. The benign AME also showed a GNAS mutation. Moreover, the same gain-of-function HRAS mutation was present in an atypical AME and a malignant invasive AME. We also identified co-occurring HRAS and PIK3CA mutations in an ER-positive atypical AME, which has not been previously described. No fusion drivers were detected. We describe the molecular characteristics of the spectrum of AME tumors of the breast, which harbor alterations in the PI3K/AKT pathway. Our findings are clinically relevant with respect to the current options of targeted therapy in the rare instances where malignant AME tumors of the breast progress.
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17
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Rakha EA, Pareja FG. New Advances in Molecular Breast Cancer Pathology. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 72:102-113. [PMID: 32259641 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) comprises a diverse spectrum of diseases featuring distinct presentation, morphological, biological, and clinical phenotypes. BC behaviour and response to therapy also vary widely. Current evidence indicates that traditional prognostic and predictive classification systems are insufficient to reflect the biological and clinical heterogeneity of BC. Advancements in high-throughput molecular techniques and bioinformatics have contributed to the improved understanding of BC biology, refinement of molecular taxonomies and the development of novel prognostic and predictive molecular assays. Molecular testing has also become increasingly important in the diagnosis and treatment of BC in the era of precision medicine. Despite the enormous amount of research work to develop and refine BC molecular prognostic and predictive assays, it is still in evolution and proper incorporation of these molecular tests into clinical practice to guide patient's management remains a challenge. With the increasing use of more sophisticated high throughput molecular techniques, large amounts of data will continue to emerge, which could potentially lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets and allow more precise classification systems that can accurately predict outcome and response to therapy. In this review, we provide an update on the molecular classification of BC and molecular prognostic assays. Companion diagnostics, contribution of massive parallel sequencing and the use of liquid biopsy are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham and Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, UK.
| | - Fresia G Pareja
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY USA
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18
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Pareja F, Brown DN, Lee JY, Da Cruz Paula A, Selenica P, Bi R, Geyer FC, Gazzo A, da Silva EM, Vahdatinia M, Stylianou AA, Ferrando L, Wen HY, Hicks JB, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis of the Progression from Non-Low-Grade Ductal Carcinoma In Situ to Invasive Ductal Carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:3682-3693. [PMID: 32220886 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-19-2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a nonobligate precursor of invasive breast cancer. Here, we sought to investigate the level of intralesion genetic heterogeneity in DCIS and the patterns of clonal architecture changes in the progression from DCIS to invasive disease. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Synchronous DCIS (n = 27) and invasive ductal carcinomas of no special type (IDC-NSTs; n = 26) from 25 patients, and pure DCIS (n = 7) from 7 patients were microdissected separately and subjected to high-depth whole-exome (n = 56) or massively parallel sequencing targeting ≥410 key cancer-related genes (n = 4). Somatic genetic alterations, mutational signatures, clonal composition, and phylogenetic analyses were defined using validated computational methods. RESULTS DCIS revealed genetic alterations similar to those of synchronously diagnosed IDC-NSTs and of non-related IDC-NSTs from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), whereas pure DCIS lacked PIK3CA mutations. Clonal decomposition and phylogenetic analyses based on somatic mutations and copy number alterations revealed that the mechanisms of progression of DCIS to invasive carcinoma are diverse, and that clonal selection might have constituted the mechanism of progression from DCIS to invasive disease in 28% (7/25) of patients. DCIS displaying a pattern of clonal selection in the progression to invasive cancer harbored higher levels of intralesion genetic heterogeneity than DCIS where no clonal selection was observed. CONCLUSIONS Intralesion genetic heterogeneity is a common feature in DCIS synchronously diagnosed with IDC-NST. DCIS is a nonobligate precursor of IDC-NST, whose mechanisms of progression to invasive breast cancer are diverse and vary from case to case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fresia Pareja
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ju Youn Lee
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Rui Bi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Felipe C Geyer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrea Gazzo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Edaise M da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mahsa Vahdatinia
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Anthe A Stylianou
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Lorenzo Ferrando
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa, Genova, Italy
| | - Hannah Y Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - James B Hicks
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York. .,Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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19
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Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most leading causes of death for women worldwide. According to statistics published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), the incidence of breast cancer is on the rise year by year in most parts of the world. The existence of heterogeneity limits the early diagnosis and targeted therapy of breast cancer. Nowadays, precision medicine brings a new perspective to personalized diagnosis and targeted therapy, overcomes the heterogeneity of different patients, and provides an opportunity for screening of high-risk populations. As a clinician, we are committed to using genomic to provide a favorable perspective in the field of breast cancer. The current review describes the recent advances in the understanding of precision medicine for breast cancer in the aspect of the genomics which could be applied to improve our ability to diagnose and treat breast cancer individually and effectively.
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20
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Chang-Qing Y, Jie L, Shi-Qi Z, Kun Z, Zi-Qian G, Ran X, Hui-Meng L, Ren-Bin Z, Gang Z, Da-Chuan Y, Chen-Yan Z. Recent treatment progress of triple negative breast cancer. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 151:40-53. [PMID: 31761352 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a serious worldwide disease that threatens women's health. Particularly, the morbidity of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is higher than that of other BC types due to its high molecular heterogeneity, metastatic potential and poor prognosis. TNBC lacks of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), so there are still no effective treatment methods for TNBC. Here, we reviewed the classification of TNBC, its molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis, treatment methods and prognosis. Finding effective targets is critical for the treatment of TNBC. Also, refining the classification of TNBC is benefited to choose the treatment of TNBC, because the sensitivity of chemotherapy is different in different TNBC. Some new treatment methods have been proposed in recent years, such as nutritional therapy and noncoding RNA treatment methods. There are some disadvantages, such as the side effect on normal cells after nutrient deprivation, low specificity and instability of noncoding RNA. More studies are necessary to improve the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chang-Qing
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Liu Jie
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhao Shi-Qi
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhu Kun
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Gong Zi-Qian
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xu Ran
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Lu Hui-Meng
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhou Ren-Bin
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhao Gang
- The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, 130021, PR China.
| | - Yin Da-Chuan
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Zhang Chen-Yan
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, 710072, Shaanxi, PR China.
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21
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Pandit P, Patil R, Palwe V, Gandhe S, Patil R, Nagarkar R. Prevalence of Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer: A Single Institutional Experience of 2062 Patients. Eur J Breast Health 2019; 16:39-43. [PMID: 31912012 DOI: 10.5152/ejbh.2019.4997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Objective The aim of the study was to analyze the prevalence of molecular subtypes of all breast cancer patients treated at tertiary cancer centre in West India in 12 years. Materials and Methods A retrospective observational study carried out in Tertiary Cancer Care Centre in Western India. Electronic medical records of all breast cancer patients were retrieved from the hospital database between March 2007 to March 2019. Patient's characteristic, histological features and molecular subtypes were collected and analyzed. Results A total of 2062 women fulfilled the criteria for this study and were analyzed. The median age of study population was 51 years (range 22-100 years). Among these, 1357 (65.8%) were of ≤55 years and 705 (34.2%) were over 55 years. The overall incidence of Hormonal Receptor-positive patients (either estrogen-receptor (ER) or progesterone-receptor (PR) or both) was 1162 (56.4%). The Mean tumor size was 3.8cm (range 0-18cm). The most common histology was IDC (96%). Axillary nodes were positive in 62.5%. Luminal type A was positive in 762 (37%) patients while Luminal type B was present in 157 (7.6%) patients. Basal-like subtype was observed in 537 (26%) patients while HER2 rich subtype was seen in 229 (11.1%). The incidence of Luminal A subtype increased with age. The highest observed among patients (72%) aged 70 years or more. Incidence of Basal like subtype was highest in patients less than 30 years (52%). Conclusion Luminal-like disease is the most common molecular subtype in India. Identification of Basal like breast cancer, a highly aggressive, biologically and clinically distinct subtype different than its non-basal variant, is important for treatment planning and target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash Pandit
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Roshankumar Patil
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vijay Palwe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sucheta Gandhe
- Department of Pathology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rahul Patil
- Department of Pathology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajnish Nagarkar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, HCG Manavata Cancer Centre, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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Zhao CL, Singh K, Brodsky AS, Lu S, Graves TA, Fenton MA, Yang D, Sturtevant A, Resnick MB, Wang Y. Stromal ColXα1 expression correlates with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and predicts adjuvant therapy outcome in ER-positive/HER2-positive breast cancer. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:1036. [PMID: 31675929 PMCID: PMC6825361 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-6134-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The breast cancer microenvironment contributes to tumor progression and response to chemotherapy. Previously, we reported that increased stromal Type X collagen α1 (ColXα1) and low TILs correlated with poor pathologic response to neoadjuvant therapy in estrogen receptor and HER2-positive (ER+/HER2+) breast cancer. Here, we investigate the relationship of ColXα1 and long-term outcome of ER+/HER2+ breast cancer patients in an adjuvant setting. Methods A total of 164 cases with at least 5-year follow-up were included. Immunohistochemistry for ColXα1 was performed on whole tumor sections. Associations between ColXα1expression, clinical pathological features, and outcomes were analyzed. Results ColXα1 expression was directly proportional to the amount of tumor associated stroma (p = 0.024) and inversely proportional to TILs. Increased ColXα1 was significantly associated with shorter disease free survival and overall survival by univariate analysis. In multivariate analysis, OS was lower in ColXα1 expressing (HR = 2.1; 95% CI = 1.2–3.9) tumors of older patients (> = 58 years) (HR = 5.3; 95% CI = 1.7–17) with higher stage (HR = 2.6; 95% CI = 1.3–5.2). Similarly, DFS was lower in ColXα1 expressing (HR = 1.8; 95% CI = 1.6–5.7) tumors of older patients (HR = 3.2; 95% CI = 1.3–7.8) with higher stage (HR = 2.7; 95% CI = 1.6–5.7) and low TILs. In low PR+ tumors, higher ColXα1 expression was associated with poorer prognosis. Conclusion ColXα1 expression is associated with poor disease free survival and overall survival in ER+/HER2+ breast cancer. This study provides further support for the prognostic utility of ColXα1 as a breast cancer associated stromal factor that predicts response to chemotherapy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12885-019-6134-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaohui Lisa Zhao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, APC 12, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Kamaljeet Singh
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Women and Infant Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Alexander S Brodsky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, APC 12, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Shaolei Lu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, APC 12, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Theresa A Graves
- Department of Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Mary Anne Fenton
- Department of Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
| | - Dongfang Yang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, APC 12, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Ashlee Sturtevant
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, APC 12, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Murray B Resnick
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, APC 12, Providence, RI, 02903, USA
| | - Yihong Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Rhode Island Hospital and Lifespan Medical Center, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, 593 Eddy St, APC 12, Providence, RI, 02903, USA.
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23
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Fitzpatrick A, Tutt A. Controversial issues in the neoadjuvant treatment of triple-negative breast cancer. Ther Adv Med Oncol 2019; 11:1758835919882581. [PMID: 31700549 PMCID: PMC6826917 DOI: 10.1177/1758835919882581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), as a collective group of heterogenous tumours, displays the highest rate of distant recurrence and lowest survival from metastatic disease across breast cancer subtypes. However, a subset of TNBC display impressive primary tumour response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, translating to reduction in future relapse and increased overall survival. Maximizing early treatment response is crucial to improving the outlook in this subtype. Numerous systemic therapy strategies are being assessed in the neoadjuvant setting and the current paradigm of generic chemotherapy components in regimens for high-risk breast cancers, regardless of biological subtype, is changing. Therapeutic approaches with evidence of benefit include platinum drugs, polyadenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, immunotherapy and second adjuvant therapy for those not achieving pathological complete response. Importantly, molecular testing can identify subgroups within TNBC, such as deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) homologous recombination repair deficiency, lymphocyte-predominant tumours, and TNBC type 4 molecular subtypes. Clinical trials that address the interaction between these biomarkers and treatment approaches are a priority, to identify subgroups benefiting from additional therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Fitzpatrick
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, The Institute of Cancer Research, 237 Fulham Road, London SW3 6JB, UK
| | - Andrew Tutt
- Breast Cancer Now Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
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24
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Discordance Rate in Estrogen Receptor, Progesterone Receptor, HER2 Status, and Ki67 Index Between Primary Unifocal and Multiple Homogenous Breast Carcinomas and Synchronous Axillary Lymph Node Metastases Have an Impact on Therapeutic Decision. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2019; 26:533-538. [PMID: 28099174 PMCID: PMC6135467 DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to demonstrate that in breast carcinomas the tumor profile is not stable during the metastatic process, with impact on therapeutic decisions. Materials and Methods: We analyzed the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and HER2 status and Ki67 index in 41 primary unifocal (PU) and 37 primary multiple (PM) breast carcinomas with identical immunohistochemical profiles among multiple tumor foci and the matched axillary lymph node metastases. We defined as concordant cases in which the primary tumor (PU or PM) and lymph node metastases displayed identical positivity or negativity for ER, PR, HER2, Ki67 and as discordant cases in which there was a mismatch in at least 1 biological parameter among PU and PM tumor and lymph node metastases. Moreover, we defined as concordant cases in which the molecular profile (based on the immunohistochemical evaluation of ER, PR, HER2, and Ki67) was concordant among PU and PM tumors and lymph node metastases and mismatch cases as those in which the molecular profile of the primary tumor differs from one of the lymph node metastases in at least 1 lymph node. Results: The positivity for the biological markers is not stable during the metastatic process. In this study the total rate of discordant cases was 92.7% in PU tumors and 75.7% in PM homogenous tumors (P=0.058, odds ratio=0.245, 95% confidence interval, 0.06-0.991). The total rate of shifted cases was 64.9% in PM tumors and 82.9% in PU tumors. The highest rate of shifting was encountered from Luminal B-like to Luminal A-like. In 11 out of 37 (29.7%) PM and in 17 out of 41 (41.5%) PU cases the subtype shifted to a poorer one with respect to prognosis. Conclusions: The patients in whom the primary tumor is hormone receptor and/or HER2 negative but is positive for these markers in the axillary lymph nodes could become eligible for hormonal treatment and/or trastuzumab treatment, which may significantly improve the patient’s outcome.
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25
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Hamdan D, Nguyen TT, Leboeuf C, Meles S, Janin A, Bousquet G. Genomics applied to the treatment of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:4786-4801. [PMID: 31413819 PMCID: PMC6677666 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.27102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a major health issue in the world with 1.7 million new cases in 2012 worldwide. It is the second cause of death from cancer in western countries. Genomics have started to modify the treatment of breast cancer, and the developments should become more and more significant, especially in the present era of treatment personalization and with the implementation of new technologies. With molecular signatures, genomics enabled a de-escalation of chemotherapy and personalized treatments of localized forms of estrogen-dependent breast cancers. Genomics can also make a real contribution to constitutional genetics, so as to identify mutations in a panel of candidate genes. In this review, we will discuss the contributions of genomics applied to the treatment of breast cancer, whether already validated contributions or possible future applications linked to research data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diaddin Hamdan
- Hôpital La Porte Verte, Versailles F-78004, France.,U942, Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Thi Thuy Nguyen
- U942, Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM, Paris F-75010, France.,National Cancer Hospital, Medical Oncology Department 2, Ha Noi 110000, Viet Nam.,Ha Noi Medical University, Oncology Department, Ha Noi 116001, Viet Nam
| | - Christophe Leboeuf
- U942, Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM, Paris F-75010, France.,AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Pathologie, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Solveig Meles
- U942, Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Anne Janin
- U942, Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM, Paris F-75010, France.,AP-HP-Hôpital Saint-Louis, Laboratoire de Pathologie, Paris F-75010, France
| | - Guilhem Bousquet
- U942, Université Paris-Diderot, INSERM, Paris F-75010, France.,AP-HP-Hôpital Avicenne, Service d'Oncologie Médicale, Bobigny F-93000, France.,Université Paris 13, Leonard de Vinci, Villetaneuse F-93430, France
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26
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Pareja F, Selenica P, Brown DN, Sebastiao APM, da Silva EM, Da Cruz Paula A, Del A, Fu L, Weigelt B, Brogi E, Reis-Filho JS, Wen HY. Micropapillary variant of mucinous carcinoma of the breast shows genetic alterations intermediate between those of mucinous carcinoma and micropapillary carcinoma. Histopathology 2019; 75:139-145. [PMID: 30843622 DOI: 10.1111/his.13853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Micropapillary variant of mucinous carcinoma of the breast (MPMC) is a rare histological form of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive invasive carcinoma that is characterised by micropapillary clusters of tumour cells in lakes of extracellular mucin. The aims of this study were to determine the genetic alterations underpinning MPMCs, and to determine whether they overlap with those of mucinous carcinomas and/or invasive micropapillary carcinomas. METHODS AND RESULTS DNA from five MPMCs was subjected to whole-exome sequencing. Somatic mutations, copy number alterations and mutational signatures were determined with state-of-the-art bioinformatics methods. No mutations in genes significantly mutated in breast cancer, including TP53, PIK3CA, GATA3, and MAP3K1, were detected. We identified copy number alterations that have been reported in invasive micropapillary carcinomas, such as recurrent gains in 1q, 6p, 8q, and 10q, and recurrent losses in 16q, 11q, and 13q, as well as a recurrent 8p12-8p11.2 amplification encompassing FGFR1. Like mucinous carcinomas, three of the five MPMCs analysed lacked PIK3CA mutations, 1q gains, and 16q losses, which are the hallmark genetic alterations of ER-positive breast cancers, whereas two MPMCs harboured 16q losses and/or a complex pattern of copy number alterations similar to those found in breast-invasive micropapillary carcinomas. CONCLUSIONS MPMCs are heterogeneous at the genetic level; some tumours show a pattern of somatic genetic alterations similar to those of mucinous carcinomas, whereas others resemble invasive micropapillary carcinomas at the genetic level. These findings suggest that MPMCs may not constitute one histological subtype, but rather a convergent phenotype that can stem from mucinous carcinomas or invasive micropapillary carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fresia Pareja
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ana P M Sebastiao
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edaise M da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Arnaud Da Cruz Paula
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela Del
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Breast Pathology and Research Laboratory, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Edi Brogi
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Y Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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27
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Lan Y, Zhao E, Luo S, Xiao Y, Li X, Cheng S. Revealing clonality and subclonality of driver genes for clinical survival benefits in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2019; 175:91-104. [PMID: 30739230 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-019-05153-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genomic studies have revealed that genomic aberrations play important roles in the progression of this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between clinical survival outcomes of the clonality and subclonality status of driver genes in breast cancer. METHODS We performed an integrated analysis to infer the clonal status of 55 driver genes in breast cancer data from TCGA. We used the chi-squared test to assess the relations between clonality of driver gene mutations and clinicopathological factors. The Kaplan-Meier method was performed for the visualization and the differences between survival curves were calculated by log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to adjust for clinicopathological factors. RESULTS We identified a high proportion of clonal mutations in these driver genes. Among them, there were 17 genes showing significant associations between their clonality and multiple clinicopathologic factors. Performing survival analysis on BRCA patients with clonal or subclonal driver gene mutations, we found that clonal ERBB2, FOXA1, and KMT2C mutations and subclonal GATA3 and RB1 mutations predicted shorter overall survival compared with those with wild type. Furthermore, clonal ERBB2 and FOXA1 mutations and subclonal GATA3 and RB1 mutations independently predicted for shorter overall survival after adjusting for clinicopathological factors. By longitudinal analysis, the clonality of ERBB2, FOXA1, GATA3, and RB1 significantly predicted patients' outcome within some specific BRCA tumor stages and histological subtypes. CONCLUSIONS In summary, these clonal or subclonal mutations of driver genes have implications for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment with BRCA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujia Lan
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Erjie Zhao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Shangyi Luo
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yun Xiao
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Xia Li
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Shujun Cheng
- College of Bioinformatics Science and Technology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Etiology and Carcinogenesis, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100021, China.
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28
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Mandelker D, Kumar R, Pei X, Selenica P, Setton J, Arunachalam S, Ceyhan-Birsoy O, Brown DN, Norton L, Robson ME, Wen HY, Powell S, Riaz N, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. The Landscape of Somatic Genetic Alterations in Breast Cancers from CHEK2 Germline Mutation Carriers. JNCI Cancer Spectr 2019; 3:pkz027. [PMID: 31360903 PMCID: PMC6649818 DOI: 10.1093/jncics/pkz027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic germline variants in checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2), which plays pivotal roles in DNA damage response and cell cycle regulation, confer an increased breast cancer (BC) risk. Here, we investigated the phenotypic and genomic characteristics of 33 BCs from CHEK2 germline mutation carriers (16 high-risk variants and 17 low-risk p.Ile157Thr variants). CHEK2-associated BCs from patients with high-risk germline variants were largely hormone receptor-positive (87%, 13/15), and 81% (13/16) exhibited loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the CHEK2 wild-type allele. Conversely, CHEK2-associated BCs from patients with the low-risk p.Ile157Thr variant displayed less-frequent loss of heterozygosity (5/17, 29%) and higher levels of CHEK2 protein expression than those with high-risk germline variants. CHEK2-associated BCs lacked a dominant mutational signature 3, a genomics feature of homologous recombination DNA repair deficiency (HRD). Our findings indicate that CHEK2-associated BCs are generally hormone receptor-positive and lack HRD-related mutational signatures, recapitulating the features of ATM-associated BCs. Specific CHEK2 germline variants may have a distinct impact on tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Mandelker
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Xin Pei
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy Setton
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Sasi Arunachalam
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ozge Ceyhan-Birsoy
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - David N Brown
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Mark E Robson
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Hannah Y Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Simon Powell
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
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29
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Kalimutho M, Nones K, Srihari S, Duijf PHG, Waddell N, Khanna KK. Patterns of Genomic Instability in Breast Cancer. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2019; 40:198-211. [PMID: 30736983 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women. Despite significant improvements in overall survival, it remains a significant cause of death worldwide. Genomic instability (GI) is a hallmark of cancer and plays a pivotal role in breast cancer development and progression. In the past decade, high-throughput technologies have provided a wealth of information that has facilitated the identification of a diverse repertoire of mutated genes and mutational processes operative across cancers. Here, we review recent findings on genomic alterations and mutational processes in breast cancer pathogenesis. Most importantly, we summarize the clinical challenges and opportunities to utilize omics-based signatures for better management of breast cancer patients and treatment decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murugan Kalimutho
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Katia Nones
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sriganesh Srihari
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Pascal H G Duijf
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, 37 Kent Street, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Nicola Waddell
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Kum Kum Khanna
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, 300 Herston Road, Herston, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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30
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Lopez G, Costanza J, Colleoni M, Fontana L, Ferrero S, Miozzo M, Fusco N. Molecular Insights into the Classification of Luminal Breast Cancers: The Genomic Heterogeneity of Progesterone-Negative Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E510. [PMID: 30691046 PMCID: PMC6386970 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-positive progesterone receptor (PR)-negative breast cancers are infrequent but clinically challenging. Despite the volume of genomic data available on these tumors, their biology remains poorly understood. Here, we aimed to identify clinically relevant subclasses of ER+/PR- breast cancers based on their mutational landscape. The Cancer Genomics Data Server was interrogated for mutational and clinical data of all ER+ breast cancers with information on PR status from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Memorial Sloan Kettering (MSK), and Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (METABRIC) projects. Clustering analysis was performed using gplots, ggplot2, and ComplexHeatmap packages. Comparisons between groups were performed using the Student's t-test and the test of Equal or Given Proportions. Survival curves were built according to the Kaplan⁻Meier method; differences in survival were assessed with the log-rank test. A total of 3570 ER+ breast cancers (PR- n = 959, 27%; PR+ n = 2611, 73%) were analyzed. Mutations in well-known cancer genes such as TP53, GATA3, CDH1, HER2, CDH1, and BRAF were private to or enriched for in PR- tumors. Mutual exclusivity analysis revealed the presence of four molecular clusters with significantly different prognosis on the basis of PIK3CA and TP53 status. ER+/PR- breast cancers are genetically heterogeneous and encompass a variety of distinct entities in terms of prognostic and predictive information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Lopez
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- School of Pathology, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Jole Costanza
- Research Laboratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Matteo Colleoni
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
| | - Laura Fontana
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Stefano Ferrero
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Monica Miozzo
- Research Laboratory Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122, Milan, Italy.
- Medical Genetics, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
| | - Nicola Fusco
- Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy.
- Pathology, Department of Biomedical, Surgical, and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20122, Milan, Italy.
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31
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Ye Z, Wang C, Wan S, Mu Z, Zhang Z, Abu-Khalaf MM, Fellin FM, Silver DP, Neupane M, Jaslow RJ, Bhattacharya S, Tsangaris TN, Chervoneva I, Berger A, Austin L, Palazzo JP, Myers RE, Pancholy N, Toorkey D, Yao K, Krall M, Li X, Chen X, Fu X, Xing J, Hou L, Wei Q, Li B, Cristofanilli M, Yang H. Association of clinical outcomes in metastatic breast cancer patients with circulating tumour cell and circulating cell-free DNA. Eur J Cancer 2019; 106:133-143. [PMID: 30528798 PMCID: PMC6347110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2018.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Both circulating tumour cell (CTC) and total circulating cell-free DNA (ccfDNA) predict cancer patient prognosis. However, no study has explored the prognostic value of the combined use of CTC and ccfDNA. We aimed to investigate individual and joint effects of CTC and ccfDNA on clinical outcomes of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients. METHODS We collected 227 blood samples from 117 MBC patients. CTCs were enumerated using the CellSearch System. ccfDNAs were quantified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Qubit fluorometer. The individual and joint effects of CTC and ccfDNA levels on patient progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS Compared to patients with <5 CTCs, patients with ≥5 CTCs had a 2.58-fold increased risk of progression and 3.63-fold increased risk of death. High level of ccfDNA was associated with a 2.05-fold increased risk of progression and 3.56-fold increased risk of death. These associations remained significant after adjusting for other important clinical covariates and CTC/ccfDNA levels. CTC and ccfDNA levels had a joint effect on patient outcomes. Compared to patients with low levels of both CTC and ccfDNA, those with high levels of both markers exhibited a >17-fold increased death risk (P < 0.001). Moreover, longitudinal analysis of 132 samples from 22 patients suggested that the inconsistency between CTC level and outcome in some patients could possibly be explained by ccfDNA level. CONCLUSIONS CTC and total ccfDNA levels were individually and jointly associated with PFS and OS in MBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Ye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Shaogui Wan
- Institute of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical College, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan 475004, China
| | - Zhaomei Mu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Zhenchao Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Maysa M Abu-Khalaf
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Frederick M Fellin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Daniel P Silver
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Manish Neupane
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Rebecca J Jaslow
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Saveri Bhattacharya
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Theodore N Tsangaris
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Inna Chervoneva
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Adam Berger
- Department of Surgery, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Laura Austin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Juan P Palazzo
- Department of Pathology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Ronald E Myers
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Neha Pancholy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Darayus Toorkey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Kaelan Yao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Max Krall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xiuling Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Henan Province, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, China
| | - Xiaobing Chen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan 450008, China
| | - Xiuhong Fu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine and Genetics, Central Hospital of Luohe, Luohe, Henan 462300, China
| | - Jinliang Xing
- Experimental Teaching Center, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Lifang Hou
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Qiang Wei
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bingshan Li
- Center for Human Genetics Research, Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Massimo Cristofanilli
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Hushan Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Novel Approaches to Immunotherapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm.87024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Yap YS, Singh AP, Lim JHC, Ahn JH, Jung KH, Kim J, Dent RA, Ng RCH, Kim SB, Chiang DY. Elucidating therapeutic molecular targets in premenopausal Asian women with recurrent breast cancers. NPJ Breast Cancer 2018; 4:19. [PMID: 30062102 PMCID: PMC6062514 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-018-0070-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is an increasing problem in Asia, with a higher proportion of premenopausal patients who are at higher risk of recurrence. Targeted sequencing was performed on DNA extracted from primary tumor specimens of 63 premenopausal Asian patients who relapsed after initial diagnosis of non-metastatic breast cancer. The most prevalent alterations included: TP53 (65%); PIK3CA (32%); GATA3 (29%); ERBB2 (27%); MYC (25%); KMT2C (21%); MCL1 (17%); PRKDC, TPR, BRIP1 (14%); MDM4, PCDH15, PRKAR1A, CDKN1B (13%); CCND1, KMT2D, STK11, and MLH1 (11%). Sixty of the 63 patients (95%) had at least one genetic alteration in a signaling pathway related to cell cycle or p53 signaling. The presence of MCL1 amplification, HIF-1-alpha transcription factor network pathway alterations, and direct p53 effectors pathway alterations were independent predictors of inferior overall survival from initial diagnosis. Comparison with non-Asian premenopausal tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed a higher prevalence of TP53 mutations among HER2-positive cancers, and more frequent TP53, TET2, and CDK12 mutations among hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative cancers in our cohort. Given the limited number of non-Asian premenopausal breast cancers that had relapsed in TCGA, we compared the frequency of mutations in our cohort with 43 premenopausal specimens from both TCGA and International Cancer Genome Consortium that had relapsed. There was a trend toward higher prevalence of TP53 mutations in our cohort. Certain genomic aberrations may be enriched in tumors of poor-prognosis premenopausal Asian breast cancers. The development of novel therapies targeting these aberrations merit further research. Younger women in Asia with recurrent breast cancer seem to have a higher rate of mutations in the tumor suppressor gene TP53 than do women elsewhere—a finding that could guide drug development in Asia. Yoon-Sim Yap from the
National Cancer Centre Singapore and coworkers sequenced DNA extracted from the tumor samples of 63 premenopausal women from Singapore and South Korea who relapsed following treatment for non-metastatic breast cancer. The researchers analyzed hundreds of cancer-related genes, and found that the vast majority of women harbored mutations in at least one gene linked to regulating the cell cycle of TP53 signaling. The prevalence of mutations in certain genes, including TP53 itself, was higher than observed previously in non-Asian cohorts, highlighting the need to consider ethnic diversity in genomic studies of breast cancer and in drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Sim Yap
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore.,2Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Angad P Singh
- 3Oncology Next-Generation Diagnostics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
| | - John H C Lim
- 4Department of Clinical Trials and Epidemiological Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jin-Hee Ahn
- 5Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hae Jung
- 5Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeongeun Kim
- 5Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Rebecca A Dent
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Raymond C H Ng
- 1Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sung-Bae Kim
- 5Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Derek Y Chiang
- 3Oncology Next-Generation Diagnostics, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, USA
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Rodríguez Bautista R, Ortega Gómez A, Hidalgo Miranda A, Zentella Dehesa A, Villarreal-Garza C, Ávila-Moreno F, Arrieta O. Long non-coding RNAs: implications in targeted diagnoses, prognosis, and improved therapeutic strategies in human non- and triple-negative breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:88. [PMID: 29983835 PMCID: PMC6020372 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0514-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has been clinically difficult to manage because of tumor aggressiveness, cellular and histological heterogeneity, and molecular mechanisms’ complexity. All this in turn leads us to evaluate that tumor biological behavior is not yet fully understood. Additionally, the heterogeneity of tumor cells represents a great biomedicine challenge in terms of the complex molecular—genetical-transcriptional and epigenetical—mechanisms, which have not been fully elucidated on human solid tumors. Recently, human breast cancer, but specifically TNBC is under basic and clinical-oncology research in the discovery of new molecular biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets to improve treatment responses, as well as for seeking algorithms for patient stratification, seeking a positive impact in clinical-oncology outcomes and life quality on breast cancer patients. In this sense, important knowledge is emerging regarding several cancer molecular aberrations, including higher genetic mutational rates, LOH, CNV, chromosomal, and epigenetic alterations, as well as transcriptome aberrations in terms of the total gene-coding ribonucleic acids (RNAs), known as mRNAs, as well as non-coding RNA (ncRNA) sequences. In this regard, novel investigation fields have included microRNAs (miRNAs), as well as long ncRNAs (lncRNAs), which have been importantly related and are likely involved in the induction, promotion, progression, and/or clinical therapeutic response trackers of TNBC. Based on this, in general terms according with the five functional archetype classification, the lncRNAs may be involved in the regulation of several molecular mechanisms which include genetic expression, epigenetic, transcriptional, and/or post-transcriptional mechanisms, which are nowadays not totally understood. Here, we have reviewed the main dis-regulated and functionally non- and well-characterized lncRNAs and their likely involvement, from a molecular enrichment and mechanistic point of view, as tumor biomarkers for breast cancer and its specific histological subtype, TNBC. In reference to the abovementioned, it has been described that some lncRNA expression profiles correspond or are associated with the TNBC histological subtype, potentially granting their use for TNBC malignant progression, diagnosis, tumor clinical stage, and likely therapy. Based on this, lncRNAs have been proposed as potential biomarkers which might represent potential predictive tools in the differentiated breast carcinomas versus TNBC malignant disease. Finally, elucidation of the specific or multi-functional archetypal of lncRNAs in breast cancer and TNBC could be fundamental, as these molecular intermediary-regulator “lncRNAs” are widely involved in the genome expression, epigenome regulation, and transcriptional and post-transcriptional tumor biology, which in turn will probably represent a new prospect in clinical and/or therapeutic molecular targets for the oncological management of breast carcinomas in general and also for TNBC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén Rodríguez Bautista
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando #22, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.,Biomedical Science Doctorate Program, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alette Ortega Gómez
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando #22, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | - Alejandro Zentella Dehesa
- Biochemistry Department, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico D.F, Mexico
| | | | - Federico Ávila-Moreno
- Lung Diseases And Cancer Epigenomics Laboratory, Biomedicine Research Unit (UBIMED), Facultad de Estudios Superiores (FES) Iztacala, National University Autonomous of México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.,Research Unit, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (INER) "Ismael Cosío Villegas", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Oscar Arrieta
- Thoracic Oncology Unit and Laboratory of Personalized Medicine, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INCan), San Fernando #22, Section XVI, Tlalpan, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
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35
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Schrijver WAME, Selenica P, Lee JY, Ng CKY, Burke KA, Piscuoglio S, Berman SH, Reis-Filho JS, Weigelt B, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. Mutation Profiling of Key Cancer Genes in Primary Breast Cancers and Their Distant Metastases. Cancer Res 2018; 78:3112-3121. [PMID: 29615433 PMCID: PMC6355142 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-2310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 01/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the repertoire of somatic genetic alterations of primary breast cancers has been extensively catalogued, the genetic differences between primary and metastatic tumors have been less studied. In this study, we compared somatic mutations and gene copy number alterations of primary breast cancers and their matched metastases from patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-negative disease. DNA samples obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded ER-negative/HER2-positive (n = 9) and ER-, progesterone receptor (PR-), HER2-negative (n = 8) primary breast cancers and from paired brain or skin metastases and normal tissue were subjected to a hybridization capture-based massively parallel sequencing assay, targeting 341 key cancer genes. A large subset of nonsynonymous somatic mutations (45%) and gene copy number alterations (55%) was shared between the primary tumors and paired metastases. However, mutations restricted to either a given primary tumor or its metastasis, the acquisition of loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele, and clonal shifts of genes affected by somatic mutations, such as TP53 and RB1, were observed in the progression from primary tumors to metastases. No metastasis location-specific alterations were identified, but synchronous metastases showed higher concordance with the paired primary tumor than metachronous metastases. Novel potentially targetable alterations were found in the metastases relative to their matched primary tumors. These data indicate that repertoires of somatic genetic alterations in ER-negative metastatic breast cancers may differ from those of their primary tumors, even by the presence of driver and targetable somatic genetic alterations.Significance: Somatic genetic alterations in ER-negative breast cancer metastases may be distinct from those of their primary tumors, suggesting that for treatment-decision making, genetic analyses of DNA obtained from the metastatic lesion rather than from the primary tumor should be considered. Cancer Res; 78(12); 3112-21. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pier Selenica
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ju Youn Lee
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kathleen A Burke
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samuel H Berman
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Cathy B Moelans
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Recurrent hotspot mutations in HRAS Q61 and PI3K-AKT pathway genes as drivers of breast adenomyoepitheliomas. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1816. [PMID: 29739933 PMCID: PMC5940840 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04128-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast is a rare tumor characterized by epithelial−myoepithelial differentiation, whose genetic underpinning is largely unknown. Here we show through whole-exome and targeted massively parallel sequencing analysis that whilst estrogen receptor (ER)-positive adenomyoepitheliomas display PIK3CA or AKT1 activating mutations, ER-negative adenomyoepitheliomas harbor highly recurrent codon Q61 HRAS hotspot mutations, which co-occur with PIK3CA or PIK3R1 mutations. In two- and three-dimensional cell culture models, forced expression of HRASQ61R in non-malignant ER-negative breast epithelial cells with or without a PIK3CAH1047R somatic knock-in results in transformation and the acquisition of the cardinal features of adenomyoepitheliomas, including the expression of myoepithelial markers, a reduction in E-cadherin expression, and an increase in AKT signaling. Our results demonstrate that adenomyoepitheliomas are genetically heterogeneous, and qualify mutations in HRAS, a gene whose mutations are vanishingly rare in common-type breast cancers, as likely drivers of ER-negative adenomyoepitheliomas. Adenomyoepithelioma is a rare tumor of the breast with an unknown genetic basis. Here the authors perform a genomic analysis of adenomyoepitheliomas revealing that their repertoire of somatic mutations vary according to the estrogen receptor (ER) status, and that ER-negative tumors harbor recurrent mutations in HRAS and PI3K pathway genes.
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Bataillon G, Fuhrmann L, Girard E, Menet E, Laé M, Capovilla M, Treilleux I, Arnould L, Penault-Llorca F, Rouzier R, Marchiò C, Bieche I, Vincent-Salomon A. High rate of PIK3CA mutations but no TP53 mutations in low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast. Histopathology 2018. [PMID: 29537649 DOI: 10.1111/his.13514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma of the breast (LGASC) is a rare variant of metaplastic carcinoma characterised by a favourable outcome and histologically composed of glandular and squamous elements in a spindle cell background typically associated with a lymphocytic stromal reaction. Because of its rarity, the immunophenotypic and genetic profile of LGASC has not been sufficiently characterised. The aim of this study was to gain insights into the molecular and phenotypic characteristics of LGASC. METHODS AND RESULTS We reviewed the clinical and morphological features and detailed the immunohistochemical characteristics of a retrospective series of 13 LGASCs. Targeted sequencing of 50 genes was performed in 10 of 13 cases. Identified mutations were further assessed by Sanger sequencing in a validation series of 11 additional cases. All tumours showed a triple-negative immunophenotype, expressed 'basal' keratins, showed variable levels of epidermal growth factor receptor expression, and did not express androgen receptor. Sequencing analysis of the screening set of LGASCs revealed a high rate (seven of 10 cases) of PIK3CA mutations, whereas no TP53 mutations were found. All PIK3CA mutations were missense mutations located either in exon 20 (n = 6) or in exon 9 (n = 1). The global PIK3CA mutation rate, including the validation series, was 52% (11 of 21 cases). No disease recurrences were observed. [Correction added on 11 June 2018, after first online publication: The percentage of mutation rate was corrected to 52%] CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that LGASC of the breast is a low-grade triple-negative breast cancer that harbours a basal-like phenotype with no androgen receptor expression, and shows a high rate of PIK3CA mutations but no TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Bataillon
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Pôle de médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Fuhrmann
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Pôle de médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Girard
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Pôle de médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Paris, France
| | - Emanuelle Menet
- Institut Curie, Versailles Saint Quentin University, Pôle de médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Marick Laé
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Pôle de médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Laurent Arnould
- Department of Pathology, Centre Georges François Leclerc, Dijon, France
| | | | - Roman Rouzier
- Institut Curie, Versailles Saint Quentin University, Surgery Department, Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Pôle de médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Paris, France.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ivan Bieche
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Pôle de médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Paris, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences Lettres Research University, Pôle de médecine diagnostique et théranostique, Paris, France
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38
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Implications of ESR1 Mutations in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2018; 19:24. [DOI: 10.1007/s11864-018-0542-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Li J, Chen J, Xue L, Zhan Q. Transcriptional activation of Nlp by estrogen-ERα in breast cancer. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2017; 62:1445-1454. [PMID: 36659394 DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2017.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen Receptor-α (ERα) is the key transcription factor that regulates cell proliferation and homeostasis. In this pathway, estrogen plays an important role in genomic instability and cell cycle regulation processes and the mechanisms of its action are multifaceted. In this study, we showed that estrogen regulates genomic instability through promoting the expression of Nlp, a BRCA1-associated centrosomal protein which is involved in microtubule nucleation, spindle formation, chromosomal missegregation and abnormal cytokinesis. We demonstrated that the expression of Nlp is strongly associated with ERα and FOXA1 level in clinical breast cancer samples with poor clinical outcomes to breast cancer patients. Addition of estrogen in the ER-positive breast cancer cells resulted in elevation of NLP mRNA. Significantly, we identified that estrogen-ERα is capable of regulating Nlp expression through specifically binding ERα to the proximal region and the Estrogen Responsive Elements (ERE) enhancer in the distal region of NLP gene. Reporter assays demonstrated that estrogen directly activated Nlp promoter. ChIP assay results showed that E2-ERα directly bound to the EREs of Nlp. Therefore, overexpression of Nlp in breast cancer exhibits a hormone-dependent pattern, and estrogen participates in the regulation of genome instability and cell cycle in breast cancer cells partially through transcriptional activation of NLP gene. Overexpression of Nlp enhances the malignant progression of ERα-positive breast cancer cells in vitro, whereas knockdown of Nlp suppresses this biological effects in ERα-positive breast cancer cells. ERα/Nlp axis may serve as a promising target against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Jie Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China
| | - Liyan Xue
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China
| | - Qimin Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China; Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital, Beijing 100142, China.
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40
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Saleh SMI, Bertos N, Gruosso T, Gigoux M, Souleimanova M, Zhao H, Omeroglu A, Hallett MT, Park M. Identification of Interacting Stromal Axes in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4673-4683. [PMID: 28652250 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a molecularly heterogeneous cancer that is difficult to treat. Despite the role it may play in tumor progression and response to therapy, microenvironmental (stromal) heterogeneity in TNBC has not been well characterized. To address this challenge, we investigated the transcriptome of tumor-associated stroma isolated from TNBC (n = 57). We identified four stromal axes enriched for T cells (T), B cells (B), epithelial markers (E), or desmoplasia (D). Our analysis method (STROMA4) assigns a score along each stromal axis for each patient and then combined the axis scores to subtype patients. Analysis of these subtypes revealed that prognostic capacity of the B, T, and E scores was governed by the D score. When compared with a previously published TNBC subtyping scheme, the STROMA4 method better captured tumor heterogeneity and predicted patient benefit from therapy with increased sensitivity. This approach produces a simple ontology that captures TNBC heterogeneity and informs how tumor-associated properties interact to affect prognosis. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4673-83. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiq M I Saleh
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nicholas Bertos
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Tina Gruosso
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mathieu Gigoux
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | | | - Hong Zhao
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Atilla Omeroglu
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael T Hallett
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. .,Centre for Bioinformatics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Morag Park
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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41
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Intratumoral Heterogeneity for Ki-67 Index in Invasive Breast Carcinoma: A Study on 131 Consecutive Cases. Appl Immunohistochem Mol Morphol 2017; 25:338-340. [DOI: 10.1097/pai.0000000000000315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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42
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Reinert T, Saad ED, Barrios CH, Bines J. Clinical Implications of ESR1 Mutations in Hormone Receptor-Positive Advanced Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2017; 7:26. [PMID: 28361033 PMCID: PMC5350138 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hormone receptor-positive breast cancer is the most frequent breast cancer subtype. Endocrine therapy (ET) targeting the estrogen receptor (ER) pathway represents the main initial therapeutic approach. The major strategies include estrogen deprivation and the use of selective estrogen modulators or degraders, which show efficacy in the management of metastatic and early-stage disease. However, clinical resistance associated with progression of disease remains a significant therapeutic challenge. Mutations of the ESR1 gene, which encodes the ER, have been increasingly recognized as an important mechanism of ET resistance, with a prevalence that ranges from 11 to 39%. The majority of these mutations are located within the ligand-binding domain and result in an estrogen-independent constitutive activation of the ER and, therefore, resistance to estrogen deprivation therapy such as aromatase inhibition. ESR1 mutations, most often detected from liquid biopsies, have been consistently associated with a worse outcome and are being currently evaluated as a potential biomarker to guide therapeutic decisions. At the same time, targeted therapy directed to ESR1-mutated clones is an appealing concept with preclinical and clinical work in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Reinert
- Hospital de Câncer Mãe de Deus, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul , Porto Alegre , Brazil
| | | | | | - José Bines
- Instituto Nacional de Câncer , Rio de Janeiro , Brazil
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43
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Riva F, Bidard FC, Houy A, Saliou A, Madic J, Rampanou A, Hego C, Milder M, Cottu P, Sablin MP, Vincent-Salomon A, Lantz O, Stern MH, Proudhon C, Pierga JY. Patient-Specific Circulating Tumor DNA Detection during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Clin Chem 2017; 63:691-699. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2016.262337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
In nonmetastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients, we investigated whether circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection can reflect the tumor response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) and detect minimal residual disease after surgery.
METHODS
Ten milliliters of plasma were collected at 4 time points: before NCT; after 1 cycle; before surgery; after surgery. Customized droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) assays were used to track tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations previously characterized in tumor tissue by massively parallel sequencing (MPS).
RESULTS
Forty-six patients with nonmetastatic TNBC were enrolled. TP53 mutations were identified in 40 of them. Customized ddPCR probes were validated for 38 patients, with excellent correlation with MPS (r = 0.99), specificity (≥2 droplets/assay), and sensitivity (at least 0.1%). At baseline, ctDNA was detected in 27/36 patients (75%). Its detection was associated with mitotic index (P = 0.003), tumor grade (P = 0.003), and stage (P = 0.03). During treatment, we observed a drop of ctDNA levels in all patients but 1. No patient had detectable ctDNA after surgery. The patient with rising ctDNA levels experienced tumor progression during NCT. Pathological complete response (16/38 patients) was not correlated with ctDNA detection at any time point. ctDNA positivity after 1 cycle of NCT was correlated with shorter disease-free (P < 0.001) and overall (P = 0.006) survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Customized ctDNA detection by ddPCR achieved a 75% detection rate at baseline. During NCT, ctDNA levels decreased quickly and minimal residual disease was not detected after surgery. However, a slow decrease of ctDNA level during NCT was strongly associated with shorter survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riva
- Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Francois-Clement Bidard
- Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Houy
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Adrien Saliou
- Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Paris, France
| | - Jordan Madic
- Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Rampanou
- Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Paris, France
- INSERM CIC-BT 1428, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Hego
- Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Paris, France
| | - Maud Milder
- Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Paris, France
- INSERM CIC-BT 1428, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Paul Cottu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Paule Sablin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Anne Vincent-Salomon
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Lantz
- INSERM CIC-BT 1428, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Department of Biopathology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- INSERM U932, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Marc-Henri Stern
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Proudhon
- Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Yves Pierga
- Laboratory of Circulating Tumor Biomarkers, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, SiRIC, Paris, France
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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44
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Pareja F, Marchiò C, Geyer FC, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Breast Cancer Heterogeneity: Roles in Tumorigenesis and Therapeutic Implications. CURRENT BREAST CANCER REPORTS 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12609-017-0233-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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45
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Martelotto LG, Baslan T, Kendall J, Geyer FC, Burke KA, Spraggon L, Piscuoglio S, Chadalavada K, Nanjangud G, Ng CKY, Moody P, D'Italia S, Rodgers L, Cox H, da Cruz Paula A, Stepansky A, Schizas M, Wen HY, King TA, Norton L, Weigelt B, Hicks JB, Reis-Filho JS. Whole-genome single-cell copy number profiling from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples. Nat Med 2017; 23:376-385. [PMID: 28165479 PMCID: PMC5608257 DOI: 10.1038/nm.4279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A substantial proportion of tumors consist of genotypically distinct subpopulations of cancer cells. This intratumor genetic heterogeneity poses a substantial challenge for the implementation of precision medicine. Single-cell genomics constitutes a powerful approach to resolve complex mixtures of cancer cells by tracing cell lineages and discovering cryptic genetic variations that would otherwise be obscured in tumor bulk analyses. Because of the chemical alterations that result from formalin fixation, single-cell genomic approaches have largely remained limited to fresh or rapidly frozen specimens. Here we describe the development and validation of a robust and accurate methodology to perform whole-genome copy-number profiling of single nuclei obtained from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded clinical tumor samples. We applied the single-cell sequencing approach described here to study the progression from in situ to invasive breast cancer, which revealed that ductal carcinomas in situ show intratumor genetic heterogeneity at diagnosis and that these lesions may progress to invasive breast cancer through a variety of evolutionary processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano G Martelotto
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Timour Baslan
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Stony Brook University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jude Kendall
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Felipe C Geyer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Kathleen A Burke
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Lee Spraggon
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Kalyani Chadalavada
- Molecular Cytogenetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Gouri Nanjangud
- Molecular Cytogenetics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Charlotte K Y Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Pamela Moody
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Sean D'Italia
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Linda Rodgers
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Hilary Cox
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Arnaud da Cruz Paula
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA.,Instituto Português de Oncologia, Porto, Portugal
| | - Asya Stepansky
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Michail Schizas
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hannah Y Wen
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - Tari A King
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
| | - James B Hicks
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL), Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC), New York, New York, USA
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46
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Rakha EA, Green AR. Molecular classification of breast cancer: what the pathologist needs to know. Pathology 2017; 49:111-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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47
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Tsang JYS, Au WL, Lo KY, Ni YB, Hlaing T, Hu J, Chan SK, Chan KF, Cheung SY, Tse GM. PD-L1 expression and tumor infiltrating PD-1+ lymphocytes associated with outcome in HER2+ breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2017; 162:19-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s10549-016-4095-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Sala E, Mema E, Himoto Y, Veeraraghavan H, Brenton JD, Snyder A, Weigelt B, Vargas HA. Unravelling tumour heterogeneity using next-generation imaging: radiomics, radiogenomics, and habitat imaging. Clin Radiol 2017; 72:3-10. [PMID: 27742105 PMCID: PMC5503113 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Tumour heterogeneity in cancers has been observed at the histological and genetic levels, and increased levels of intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity have been reported to be associated with adverse clinical outcomes. This review provides an overview of radiomics, radiogenomics, and habitat imaging, and examines the use of these newly emergent fields in assessing tumour heterogeneity and its implications. It reviews the potential value of radiomics and radiogenomics in assisting in the diagnosis of cancer disease and determining cancer aggressiveness. This review discusses how radiogenomic analysis can be further used to guide treatment therapy for individual tumours by predicting drug response and potential therapy resistance and examines its role in developing radiomics as biomarkers of oncological outcomes. Lastly, it provides an overview of the obstacles in these emergent fields today including reproducibility, need for validation, imaging analysis standardisation, data sharing and clinical translatability and offers potential solutions to these challenges towards the realisation of precision oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sala
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - E Mema
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, New York Presbyterian/Columbia University Medical Center, 622 W 168th St., New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Y Himoto
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - H Veeraraghavan
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - J D Brenton
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK
| | - A Snyder
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - B Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - H A Vargas
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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49
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Geyer FC, Berman SH, Marchiò C, Burke KA, Guerini-Rocco E, Piscuoglio S, Ng CKY, Pareja F, Wen HY, Hodi Z, Schnitt SJ, Rakha EA, Ellis IO, Norton L, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. Genetic analysis of microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas of the breast provides evidence for the existence of a low-grade triple-negative breast neoplasia family. Mod Pathol 2017; 30:69-84. [PMID: 27713419 PMCID: PMC5221420 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.2016.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Acinic cell carcinoma is an indolent form of invasive breast cancer, whereas microglandular adenosis has been shown to be a neoplastic proliferation. Both entities display a triple-negative phenotype, and may give rise to and display somatic genomic alterations typical of high-grade triple-negative breast cancers. Here we report on a comparison of previously published data on eight carcinoma-associated microglandular adenosis and eight acinic cell carcinomas subjected to targeted massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons of 236 genes recurrently mutated in breast cancer and/or DNA repair-related. Somatic mutations, insertions/ deletions, and copy number alterations were detected using state-of-the-art bioinformatic algorithms. All cases were of triple-negative phenotype. A median of 4.5 (1-13) and 4.0 (1-7) non-synonymous somatic mutations per carcinoma-associated microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinoma were identified, respectively. TP53 was the sole highly recurrently mutated gene (75% in microglandular adenosis versus 88% in acinic cell carcinomas), and TP53 mutations were consistently coupled with loss of heterozygosity of the wild-type allele. Additional somatic mutations shared by both groups included those in BRCA1, PIK3CA, and INPP4B. Recurrent (n=2) somatic mutations restricted to microglandular adenosis or acinic cell carcinomas included those affecting PTEN and MED12 or ERBB4, respectively. No significant differences in the repertoire of somatic mutations were detected between microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas, and between this group of lesions and 77 triple-negative carcinomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinomas, however, were genetically distinct from estrogen receptor-positive and/or HER2-positive breast cancers from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Our findings support the contention that microglandular adenosis and acinic cell carcinoma are part of the same spectrum of lesions harboring frequent TP53 somatic mutations, and likely represent low-grade forms of triple-negative disease with no/minimal metastatic potential, of which a subset has the potential to progress to high-grade triple-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe C Geyer
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pathology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Caterina Marchiò
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Italy
| | | | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA,Department of Pathology, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Fresia Pareja
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hannah Y Wen
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zoltan Hodi
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Stuart J Schnitt
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ian O Ellis
- Department of Pathology, Nottingham University, Nottingham, UK
| | - Larry Norton
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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50
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Marchiò C, Geyer FC, Ng CK, Piscuoglio S, De Filippo MR, Cupo M, Schultheis AM, Lim RS, Burke KA, Guerini-Rocco E, Papotti M, Norton L, Sapino A, Weigelt B, Reis-Filho JS. The genetic landscape of breast carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation. J Pathol 2016; 241:405-419. [PMID: 27925203 DOI: 10.1002/path.4837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroendocrine breast carcinomas (NBCs) account for 2-5% of all invasive breast cancers, and are histologically similar to neuroendocrine tumours from other sites. They typically express oestrogen receptor (ER), and are HER2-negative and of luminal 'intrinsic' subtype. Here, we sought to define the mutational profile of NBCs, and to investigate whether NBCs and common forms of luminal (ER+ /HER2- ) breast carcinoma show distinct repertoires of somatic mutations. Eighteen ER+ /HER2- NBCs, defined as harbouring >50% of tumour cells expressing chromogranin A and/or synaptophysin, and matched normal tissues were microdissected and subjected to massively parallel sequencing targeting all exons of 254 genes most frequently mutated in breast carcinomas and/or related to DNA repair. Their mutational repertoire was compared with that of ER+ /HER2- breast carcinomas (n = 240), PAM50-defined luminal breast carcinomas (luminal A, n = 209; luminal B, n = 111) and invasive lobular carcinomas (n = 127) from The Cancer Genome Atlas. NBCs were found to harbour a median of 4.5 (range 1-11) somatic mutations, similar to that of luminal B breast carcinomas (median = 3, range 0-17) but significantly higher than that of luminal A breast carcinomas (median = 3, range 0-18, p = 0.02). The most frequently mutated genes were GATA3, FOXA1, TBX3, and ARID1A (3/18, 17%), and PIK3CA, AKT1, and CDH1 (2/18, 11%). NBCs less frequently harboured PIK3CA mutations than common forms of ER+ /HER2- , luminal A and invasive lobular carcinomas (p < 0.05), and showed a significantly higher frequency of somatic mutations affecting ARID1A (17% versus 2%, p < 0.05) and the transcription factor-encoding genes FOXA1 (17% versus 2%, p = 0.01) and TBX3 (17% versus 3%, p < 0.05) than common-type ER+ /HER2- breast carcinomas. No TP53 somatic mutations were detected in NBCs. As compared with common forms of luminal breast carcinomas, NBCs show a distinctive repertoire of somatic mutations featuring lower frequencies of TP53 and PIK3CA mutations, enrichment for FOXA1 and TBX3 mutations, and, akin to neuroendocrine tumours from other sites, ARID1A mutations. Copyright © 2016 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caterina Marchiò
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Felipe C Geyer
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Pathology, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Instituto Israelita de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charlotte Ky Ng
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Salvatore Piscuoglio
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria R De Filippo
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marco Cupo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anne M Schultheis
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Pathology Department, University Hospital, Cologne, Germany
| | - Raymond S Lim
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen A Burke
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elena Guerini-Rocco
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.,Pathology Department, European Institute of Oncology, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Papotti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Larry Norton
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Sapino
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Britta Weigelt
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jorge S Reis-Filho
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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