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Kumar A, Kaushal A, Verma PK, Gupta MK, Chandra G, Kumar U, Yadav AK, Kumar D. An insight into recent developments in imidazole based heterocyclic compounds as anticancer agents: Synthesis, SARs, and mechanism of actions. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 280:116896. [PMID: 39366252 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2024] [Revised: 09/09/2024] [Accepted: 09/17/2024] [Indexed: 10/06/2024]
Abstract
Among all non-communicable diseases, cancer is ranked as the second most common cause of death and is rising constantly. While cancer treatments mainly include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery; chemotherapy is considered the most commonly employed and effective treatment. Most of the chemotherapeutic agents are azoles based compounds and imidazole is one such insightful azole. The anticancer properties of imidazole-based compounds have been thoroughly explored in recent years and all monosubstituted, disubstituted, trisubstituted, and tetrasubstituted imidazoles have been explored for their anticancer activities. Along with these compounds, other imidazole-based compounds like 1,3-dihydro-2H-imidazole-2-thiones, imidazolones, and poly imidazole compounds have also been explored for their anticancer activities. The activities of these compounds are heavily influenced by their structural resemblance to combretastatin 4A and ABI (2-aryl-4-benzoyl-imidazole). The lead compounds were highly active on breast, gastric, colon, ovarian, cervical, bone marrow, melanoma, prostate, lung, leukemic, neuroblastoma, liver, Ehrlich, melanoma, and pancreatic cancers. The targets of these leads like tubulin, heme oxygenases, VEGF, tyrosine kinases, EGFR, and others have also been explored. The exploration of the anticancer potential of substituted imidazole compounds is the main topic of this review including synthesis, SAR, and mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India
| | - Anjali Kaushal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India; Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, 391760, India
| | - Prabhakar K Verma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Manoj K Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Girish Chandra
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Central University of South Bihar, Gaya, Bihar, 824236, India
| | - Umesh Kumar
- Catalysis and Bioinorganic Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110019, India
| | - Ashok K Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shoolini University, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, 173 229, India.
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Wen P, Li J, Wen Z, Guo X, Ma G, Hu S, Xu J, Zhao H, Li R, Liu Y, Wang Y, Gao J. MICAL-L2, as an estrogen-responsive gene, is involved in ER-positive breast cancer cell progression and tamoxifen sensitivity via the AKT/mTOR pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 225:116256. [PMID: 38729448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2024.116256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Endocrine treatment, particularly tamoxifen, has shown significant improvement in the prognosis of patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER-positive) breast cancer. However, the clinical utility of this treatment is often hindered by the development of endocrine resistance. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the underlying mechanisms driving ER-positive breast cancer carcinogenesis and endocrine resistance is crucial to overcome this clinical challenge. In this study, we investigated the expression of MICAL-L2 in ER-positive breast cancer and its impact on patient prognosis. We observed a significant upregulation of MICAL-L2 expression in ER-positive breast cancer, which correlated with a poorer prognosis in these patients. Furthermore, we found that estrogen-ERβ signaling promoted the expression of MICAL-L2. Functionally, our study demonstrated that MICAL-L2 not only played an oncogenic role in ER-positive breast cancer tumorigenesis but also influenced the sensitivity of ER-positive breast cancer cells to tamoxifen. Mechanistically, as an estrogen-responsive gene, MICAL-L2 facilitated the activation of the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in ER-positive breast cancer cells. Collectively, our findings suggest that MICAL-L2 could serve as a potential prognostic marker for ER-positive breast cancer and represent a promising molecular target for improving endocrine treatment and developing therapeutic approaches for this subtype of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pushuai Wen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China; Biological Anthropology Institute, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - Jing Li
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Zihao Wen
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Xiaoyan Guo
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Guoqun Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Shuzhen Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Jiamei Xu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Hongli Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Ruixin Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - Yu Wang
- Liaoning Technology and Engineering Center for Tumor Immunology and Molecular Theranotics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Age-related Disease, Life Science Institute of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Ultrasonography, The First Affiliated Hospital, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou 121001, China.
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Sun Y, Zhang S, Zhang X, Li G, Sun F, Wang M, Ren C, Jiang A, Yang T. AURKA Enhances the Glycolysis and Development of Ovarian Endometriosis Through ERβ. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae018. [PMID: 38340326 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Ovarian endometriosis (EMs) is a benign, estrogen-dependent gynecological disorder. Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), a nuclear receptor for estradiol, plays an important role in the development of ovarian EMs. Here, we investigated the biological significance of aurora kinase A (AURKA) in ovarian EMs and the mechanism by which it regulates ERβ. We used immunohistochemical assays to verify that AURKA and ERβ were highly expressed in ectopic endometrial tissues. Cell proliferation and colony formation assays were used to demonstrate that AURKA promoted the proliferation of EMs cells. Wound-healing assay, Transwell migration assay, and Matrigel invasion assay further showed that AURKA enhanced the ability of EMs cells to migrate and invade. In addition, AURKA was shown to stimulate glycolysis in EMs cells by measuring the concentration of glucose and lactate in the cell supernatants. Moreover, the AURKA inhibitor alisertib was found to inhibit the progression of ovarian EMs and glycolysis in a mouse model of EMs by measuring ectopic tissues as well as by testing the peritoneal fluid of mice. Furthermore, coimmunoprecipitation assay showed that AURKA interacted with ERβ. The rescue experiments confirmed that AURKA regulated the development and glycolysis of ovarian EMs in an ERβ-dependent manner. AURKA contributed to the development of ovarian EMs by upregulating of ERβ. AURKA may represent a new target for the treatment of ovarian EMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, P.R. China
| | - Shucai Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhucheng People's Hospital, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 262299, P.R. China
| | - Guotao Li
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
| | - Fangyuan Sun
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, P.R. China
| | - Mengxue Wang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261053, P.R. China
| | - Chune Ren
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
| | - Aifang Jiang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, Shandong Province, 261041, P.R. China
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Shivnani P, Shekhawat S, Prajapati A. Cancer Cachexia and breast cancer stem cell signalling - A crosstalk of signalling molecules. Cell Signal 2023; 110:110847. [PMID: 37557973 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.110847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer Cachexia is a condition characterized by the involuntary loss of lean body mass, a negative protein and energy balance, and systemic inflammation. This syndrome profoundly impacts the patient's quality of life and is linked to poor chemotherapy response and reduced survival. Despite multiple mechanisms being implicated in its development, and various cytokines believed to contribute to the persistent catabolic state, cachexia is still not fully recognized and is often left untreated. Cachexia is caused by altered metabolic adaptation and lack of anticactic therapy due to systemic cytokines promoting and fuelling cancer growth. The exact molecular mechanisms and clinical endpoints remain poorly defined. It has an occurrence rate of 30%-80%, accounting for 20% of total cancer mortality. Tumor cells remodel the microenvironment suitable for their proliferation, wherein they communicate with fibroblast cells to modulate their expression and induce tumor progressive cytokines. Several studies have reported its strong correlation with systemic cytokines that initiate and aggravate the condition. Plenty of studies show the prominent role of cancer-induced cachexia in pancreatic cancer, colon cancer, and lung cancer. However, limited data are available for breast cancer-induced cachexia, highlighting the need for studying it. Breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are a prominently explored area in breast cancer research. They are characterized by CD44+/CD24-/ALDH+ expression and are a focus of cancer research. They are a source of renewal and differentiation within the tumor environment and are responsible for progression, and chemotherapeutic resistance. The tumor microenvironment and its cytokines are responsible for maintaining and inducing their differentiation. Cytokines significantly impact BCSC development and self-renewal, stimulating or inhibiting proliferation depending on cytokine and environment. Pro-inflammatory mediators like IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-8 increase proliferation, promoting tumor growth. Experimental models and clinical studies have shown a direct relationship between cytokines and BCSC proliferation. Several of them seem to be interconnected as they initiate signalling down different pathways but converge at BCSC increase and tumor proliferation. This review highlights the common pathways between cachexia and BCSC signalling, to identify potential therapeutic targets that can aid both conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Shivnani
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India
| | - Saroj Shekhawat
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India
| | - Akhilesh Prajapati
- Biotechnology, School of Science, GSFC University, Vadodara 391750, India.
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Jiao Z, Pan Y, Chen F. The Metabolic Landscape of Breast Cancer and Its Therapeutic Implications. Mol Diagn Ther 2023; 27:349-369. [PMID: 36991275 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-023-00645-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor globally as of 2020 and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death among female individuals worldwide. Metabolic reprogramming is well recognized as a hallmark of malignancy owing to the rewiring of multiple biological processes, notably, glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, pentose phosphate pathway, as well as lipid metabolism, which support the demands for the relentless growth of tumor cells and allows distant metastasis of cancer cells. Breast cancer cells are well documented to reprogram their metabolism via mutations or inactivation of intrinsic factors such as c-Myc, TP53, hypoxia-inducible factor, and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway or crosstalk with the surrounding tumor microenvironments, including hypoxia, extracellular acidification and interaction with immune cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, and adipocytes. Furthermore, altered metabolism contributes to acquired or inherent therapeutic resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the metabolic plasticity underlying breast cancer progression as well as to dictate metabolic reprogramming that accounts for the resistance to standard of care. This review aims to illustrate the altered metabolism in breast cancer and its underlying mechanisms, as well as metabolic interventions in breast cancer treatment, with the intention to provide strategies for developing novel therapeutic treatments for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoya Jiao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Yunxia Pan
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Fengyuan Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, No. 350, Longzihu Road, Xinzhan District, Hefei, 230012, China.
- Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China.
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Cao WS, Zhao MJ, Chen Y, Zhu JY, Xie CF, Li XT, Geng SS, Zhong CY, Fu JY, Wu JS. Low-dose phthalates promote breast cancer stem cell properties via the oncogene ΔNp63α and the Sonic hedgehog pathway. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114605. [PMID: 36753971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The omnipresence of human phthalate (PAE) exposure is linked to various adverse health issues, including breast cancer. However, the effects of low-dose PAE exposure on breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) and the underlying mechanism remain unexplored. METHODS BCSCs from breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) were enriched using a tumorsphere formation assay. Gene and protein expression was detected by measurement of quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays. Transient transfection assays were used to evaluate the involvement of Gli1, a signaling pathway molecule and ΔNp63α, an oncogene in influencing the PAE-induced characteristics of BCSCs. RESULTS PAE (butylbenzyl phthalate, BBP; di-butyl phthalate, DBP; di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate, DEHP) exposure of 10-9 M significantly promoted the tumorsphere formation ability in BCSCs. Breast cancer spheroids with a 10-9 M PAE exposure had higher levels of BCSC marker mRNA and protein expression, activated sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway, and increased mRNA and protein levels of an oncogene, ΔNp63α. Furthermore, suppression of the SHH pathway attenuated the effects of PAEs on BCSCs. And the overexpression of ΔNp63α enhanced PAE-induced characteristics of BCSCs, while low expression of ΔNp63α inhibited the promotion effects of PAEs on BCSCs and the SHH pathway. CONCLUSION Low-dose PAE exposure promoted the stem cell properties of BCSCs in a ΔNp63α- and SHH-dependent manner. The influence of low-dose exposure of PAEs and its relevance for the lowest observed effect concentrations requires further investigation, and the precise underlying mechanism needs to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Shuang Cao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Meng-Jiu Zhao
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jian-Yun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Chun-Feng Xie
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Shan-Shan Geng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Cai-Yun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Safety, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China; Cancer Research Division, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Jin-Yan Fu
- Department of Nutrition, Wuxi Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China.
| | - Jie-Shu Wu
- Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China.
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Scarpetti L, Oturkar CC, Juric D, Shellock M, Malvarosa G, Post K, Isakoff S, Wang N, Nahed B, Oh K, Das GM, Bardia A. Therapeutic Role of Tamoxifen for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Leveraging the Interaction Between ERβ and Mutant p53. Oncologist 2023; 28:358-363. [PMID: 36772966 PMCID: PMC10078911 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyac281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of effective therapeutic targets and aggressive nature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) renders this disease subset difficult to treat. Although estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) is expressed in TNBC, studies on its functional role have yielded inconsistent results. However, recently, our preclinical studies, along with other observations, have shown the potential therapeutic utility of ERβ in the context of mutant p53 expression. The current case study examines the efficacy of the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen in p53-mutant TNBC with brain metastases. Significant increase in ERβ protein expression and anti-proliferative interaction between mutant p53 and ERβ were observed after cessation of tamoxifen therapy, with significant regression of brain metastases. This case study provides supporting evidence for the use of tamoxifen in p53-mutant, ERβ+TNBC, especially in the setting of brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren Scarpetti
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Dejan Juric
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Maria Shellock
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giuliana Malvarosa
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathryn Post
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steven Isakoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nancy Wang
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian Nahed
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin Oh
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gokul M Das
- Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Anticancer or carcinogenic? The role of estrogen receptor β in breast cancer progression. Pharmacol Ther 2023; 242:108350. [PMID: 36690079 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is closely related to breast cancer (BC) progression. Traditional concepts regard ERβ as a tumor suppressor. As studies show the carcinogenic effect of ERβ, some people have come to a new conclusion that ERβ serves as a tumor suppressor in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive breast cancer, while it is a carcinogen in ERα-negative breast cancer. However, we re-examine the role of ERβ and find this conclusion to be misleading based on the last decade's research. A large number of studies have shown that ERβ plays an anticancer role in both ERα-positive and ERα-negative breast cancers, and its carcinogenicity does not depend solely on the presence of ERα. Herein, we review the anticancer and oncogenic effects of ERβ on breast cancer progression in the past ten years, discuss the mechanism respectively, analyze the main reasons for the inconsistency and update ERβ selective ligand library. We believe a detailed and continuously updated review will help correct the one-sided understanding of ERβ, promoting ERβ-targeted breast cancer therapy.
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Tinivella A, Nwachukwu JC, Angeli A, Foschi F, Benatti AL, Pinzi L, Izard T, Ferraroni M, Erumbi R, Christodoulou MS, Passarella D, Supuran CT, Nettles KW, Rastelli G. Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and crystal structure determination of dual modulators of carbonic anhydrases and estrogen receptors. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:115011. [PMID: 36516582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.115011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multi-target compounds have become increasingly important for the development of safer and more effective drug candidates. In this work, we devised a combined ligand-based and structure-based multi-target repurposing strategy and applied it to a series of hexahydrocyclopenta[c]quinoline compounds synthesized previously. The in silico analyses identified human Carbonic Anhydrases (hCA) and Estrogen Receptors (ER) as top scoring candidates for dual modulation. hCA isoforms IX and XII, and ER subtypes ER⍺ and/or ERβ are co-expressed in various cancer cell types, including breast and prostate cancer cells. ER⍺ is the primary target of anti-estrogen therapy in breast cancer, and the hCA IX isoform is a therapeutic target in triple-negative breast cancer. ER⍺-mediated transcriptional programs and hCA activity in cancer cells promote favorable microenvironments for cell proliferation. Interestingly, several lines of evidence indicate that the combined modulation of these two targets may provide significant therapeutic benefits. Moving from these first results, two additional hexahydrocyclopenta[c]quinoline derivatives bearing a sulfonamide zinc binding group (hCA) and a phenolic hydroxyl (ER) pharmacophoric group placed at the appropriate locations were designed and synthesized. Interestingly, these compounds were able to directly modulate the activities of both hCA and ER targets. In cell-based assays, they inhibited proliferation of breast and prostate cancer cells with micromolar potency and cell type-selective efficacy. The compounds inhibited hCA activity with nanomolar potency and isoform-selectivity. In transactivation assays, they reduced estrogen-driven ER activity with micro-molar potency. Finally, crystal structures of the synthesized ligands in complex with the two targets revealed that the compounds bind directly to the hCA active site, as well as to the ER ligand-binding domain, providing structural explanation to the observed activity and a rationale for optimization of their dual activity. To the best of our knowledge, this work describes the design, synthesis and biological characterization of the first dual modulators of hCA and ER, laying the ground for the structure-based optimization of their multi-target activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annachiara Tinivella
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy; Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Jerome C Nwachukwu
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, University of Florida Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Andrea Angeli
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Foschi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Anna Laura Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Luca Pinzi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Tina Izard
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, University of Florida Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Marta Ferraroni
- Department of Chemistry "Ugo Schiff", University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 13, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Rangarajan Erumbi
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, University of Florida Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Michael S Christodoulou
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy; Department of Chemistry, University of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Passarella
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milano, Via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, University of Florence, Via Ugo Schiff 6, 50019, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Kendall W Nettles
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, University of Florida Scripps Biomedical Research, 130 Scripps Way, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Giulio Rastelli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Giuseppe Campi 103, 41125, Modena, Italy.
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Pacheco-Velázquez SC, Ortega-Mejía II, Vargas-Navarro JL, Padilla-Flores JA, Robledo-Cadena DX, Tapia-Martínez G, Peñalosa-Castro I, Aguilar-Ponce JL, Granados-Rivas JC, Moreno-Sánchez R, Rodríguez-Enríquez S. 17-β Estradiol up-regulates energy metabolic pathways, cellular proliferation and tumor invasiveness in ER+ breast cancer spheroids. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1018137. [PMID: 36419896 PMCID: PMC9676491 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1018137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Several biological processes related to cancer malignancy are regulated by 17-β estradiol (E2) in ER+-breast cancer. To establish the role of E2 on the atypical cancer energy metabolism, a systematic study analyzing transcription factors, proteins, and fluxes associated with energy metabolism was undertaken in multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTS) from human ER+ MCF-7 breast cancer cells. At E2 physiological concentrations (10 and 100 nM for 24 h), both ERα and ERβ receptors, and their protein target pS2, increased by 0.6-3.5 times vs. non-treated MCTS, revealing an activated E2/ER axis. E2 also increased by 30-470% the content of several transcription factors associated to mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) (p53, PGC1-α) and glycolytic pathways (HIF1-α, c-MYC). Several OxPhos and glycolytic proteins (36-257%) as well as pathway fluxes (48-156%) significantly increased being OxPhos the principal ATP cellular supplier (>75%). As result of energy metabolism stimulation by E2, cancer cell migration and invasion processes and related proteins (SNAIL, FN, MM-9) contents augmented by 24-189% vs. non-treated MCTS. Celecoxib at 10 nM blocked OxPhos (60%) as well as MCTS growth, cell migration and invasiveness (>40%); whereas the glycolytic inhibitor iodoacetate (0.5 µM) and doxorubicin (70 nM) were innocuous. Our results show for the first time using a more physiological tridimensional cancer model, resembling the initial stages of solid tumors, that anti-mitochondrial therapy may be useful to deter hormone-dependent breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ignacio Peñalosa-Castro
- Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Ixtacala, Hab, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Carlos Granados-Rivas
- Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Ixtacala, Hab, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Rafael Moreno-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Carrera de Biología, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Ixtacala, Hab, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
| | - Sara Rodríguez-Enríquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Control Metabólico, Carrera de Medicina, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Los Reyes Ixtacala, Hab, Tlalnepantla, Mexico
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11
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He Y, Alejo S, Venkata PP, Johnson JD, Loeffel I, Pratap UP, Zou Y, Lai Z, Tekmal RR, Kost ER, Sareddy GR. Therapeutic Targeting of Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells Using Estrogen Receptor Beta Agonist. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:7159. [PMID: 35806169 PMCID: PMC9266546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OCa) is the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Emerging studies suggest ovarian cancer stem cells (OCSCs) contribute to chemotherapy resistance and tumor relapse. Recent studies demonstrated estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) exerts tumor suppressor functions in OCa. However, the status of ERβ expression in OCSCs and the therapeutic utility of the ERβ agonist LY500307 for targeting OCSCs remain unknown. OCSCs were enriched from ES2, OV90, SKOV3, OVSAHO, and A2780 cells using ALDEFLUOR kit. RT-qPCR results showed ERβ, particularly ERβ isoform 1, is highly expressed in OCSCs and that ERβ agonist LY500307 significantly reduced the viability of OCSCs. Treatment of OCSCs with LY500307 significantly reduced sphere formation, self-renewal, and invasion, while also promoting apoptosis and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Mechanistic studies using RNA-seq analysis demonstrated that LY500307 treatment resulted in modulation of pathways related to cell cycle and apoptosis. Western blot and RT-qPCR assays demonstrated the upregulation of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest genes such as FDXR, p21/CDKN1A, cleaved PARP, and caspase 3, and the downregulation of stemness markers SOX2, Oct4, and Nanog. Importantly, treatment of LY500307 significantly attenuated the tumor-initiating capacity of OCSCs in orthotopic OCa murine xenograft models. Our results demonstrate that ERβ agonist LY500307 is highly efficacious in reducing the stemness and promoting apoptosis of OCSCs and shows significant promise as a novel therapeutic agent in treating OCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Salvador Alejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Jessica D. Johnson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Ilanna Loeffel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Uday P. Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children’s Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Rajeshwar R. Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Edward R. Kost
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
| | - Gangadhara R. Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; (Y.H.); (S.A.); (P.P.V.); (J.D.J.); (I.L.); (U.P.P.); (R.R.T.); (E.R.K.)
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
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12
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Banerjee A, Cai S, Xie G, Li N, Bai X, Lavudi K, Wang K, Zhang X, Zhang J, Patnaik S, Backes FJ, Bennett C, Wang QE. A Novel Estrogen Receptor β Agonist Diminishes Ovarian Cancer Stem Cells via Suppressing the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2311. [PMID: 35565440 PMCID: PMC9105687 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer is the most lethal malignancy of the female reproductive tract. A healthy ovary expresses both Estrogen Receptor α (ERα) and β (ERβ). Given that ERα is generally considered to promote cell survival and proliferation, thereby, enhancing tumor growth, while ERβ shows a protective effect against the development and progression of tumors, the activation of ERβ by its agonists could be therapeutically beneficial for ovarian cancer. Here, we demonstrate that the activation of ERβ using a newly developed ERβ agonist, OSU-ERb-12, can impede ovarian cancer cell expansion and tumor growth in an ERα-independent manner. More interestingly, we found that OSU-ERb-12 also reduces the cancer stem cell (CSC) population in ovarian cancer by compromising non-CSC-to-CSC conversion. Mechanistically, we revealed that OSU-ERb-12 decreased the expression of Snail, a master regulator of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is associated with de novo CSC generation. Given that ERα can mediate EMT and facilitate maintenance of the CSC subpopulation and that OSU-ERb-12 can block the transactivity of ERα, we conclude that OSU-ERb-12 reduces the CSC subpopulation by inhibiting EMT in an ERα-dependent manner. Taken together, our data indicate that the ERβ agonist OSU-ERb-12 could be used to hinder tumor progression and limit the CSC subpopulation with the potential to prevent tumor relapse and metastasis in patients with ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Banerjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.); (S.C.); (N.L.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Shurui Cai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.); (S.C.); (N.L.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Guozhen Xie
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Na Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.); (S.C.); (N.L.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Xuetao Bai
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.); (S.C.); (N.L.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Kousalya Lavudi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.); (S.C.); (N.L.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Kevin Wang
- Columbus Academy, Gahanna, OH 43230, USA;
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Junran Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.); (S.C.); (N.L.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Srinivas Patnaik
- School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar 751024, India;
| | - Floor J. Backes
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Chad Bennett
- Drug Development Institute, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Qi-En Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA; (A.B.); (S.C.); (N.L.); (X.B.); (K.L.); (J.Z.)
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
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13
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Langendonk M, de Jong MRW, Smit N, Seiler J, Reitsma B, Ammatuna E, Glaudemans AWJM, van den Berg A, Huls GA, Visser L, van Meerten T. Identification of the estrogen receptor beta as a possible new tamoxifen-sensitive target in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood Cancer J 2022; 12:36. [PMID: 35256592 PMCID: PMC8901714 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-022-00631-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma subtype. Despite the proven efficacy of combined immunochemotherapy (R-CHOP) in the majority of patients, ~40% of DLBCL patients do not respond or will relapse and consequently have a very poor prognosis. The development of targeted therapies has not improved patient survival, underscoring the need for new treatment approaches. Using an unbiased genome-wide CD20 guilt-by-association approach in more than 1800 DLBCL patients, we previously identified the estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) as a new target in DLBCL. Here, we demonstrate that ERβ is expressed at significantly higher levels in DLBCL compared to normal B cells, and ERβ plays a role in the protection against apoptosis in DLBCL. Targeting of the ERβ with the selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen reduces cell viability in all tested DLBCL cell lines. Tamoxifen-induced cell death was significantly decreased in an ERβ knock-out cell line. The activity of tamoxifen was confirmed in a xenograft human lymphoma model, as tumor growth decreased, and survival significantly improved. Finally, tamoxifen-treated breast cancer (BC) patients showed a significantly reduced risk of 38% for DLBCL compared to BC patients who did not receive tamoxifen. Our findings provide a rationale to investigate tamoxifen, a hormonal drug with a good safety profile, in DLBCL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra Langendonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mathilde R W de Jong
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke Smit
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jonas Seiler
- University of Groningen, ERIBA, Genomic Instability in Development and Disease, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Reitsma
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Emanuele Ammatuna
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Andor W J M Glaudemans
- University of Groningen, University Medical center Groningen, Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anke van den Berg
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Gerwin A Huls
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia Visser
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van Meerten
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Hematology, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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14
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ZeinElAbdeen YA, AbdAlSeed A, Youness RA. Decoding Insulin-Like Growth Factor Signaling Pathway From a Non-coding RNAs Perspective: A Step Towards Precision Oncology in Breast Cancer. J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia 2022; 27:79-99. [PMID: 35146629 DOI: 10.1007/s10911-022-09511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a highly complex and heterogenous disease. Several oncogenic signaling pathways drive BC oncogenic activity, thus hindering scientists to unravel the exact molecular pathogenesis of such multifaceted disease. This highlights the urgent need to find a key regulator that tunes up such intertwined oncogenic drivers to trim the malignant transformation process within the breast tissue. The Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway is a tenacious axis that is heavily intertwined with BC where it modulates the amplitude and activity of vital downstream oncogenic signaling pathways. Yet, the complexity of the pathway and the interactions driven by its different members seem to aggravate its oncogenicity and hinder its target-ability. In this review, the authors shed the light on the stubbornness of the IGF signaling pathway and its potential regulation by non-coding RNAs in different BC subtypes. Nonetheless, this review also spots light on the possible transport systems available for efficient delivery of non-coding RNAs to their respective targets to reach a personalized treatment code for BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yousra Ahmed ZeinElAbdeen
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo CityCairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Amna AbdAlSeed
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo CityCairo, 11835, Egypt
- University of Khartoum, Al-Gama a Avenue, 11115, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Rana A Youness
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University, Main Entrance Al Tagamoa Al Khames, New Cairo CityCairo, 11835, Egypt.
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo, 11586, Egypt.
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15
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Lee J, Troike K, Fodor R, Lathia JD. Unexplored Functions of Sex Hormones in Glioblastoma Cancer Stem Cells. Endocrinology 2022; 163:bqac002. [PMID: 35023543 PMCID: PMC8807164 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Biological sex impacts a wide array of molecular and cellular functions that impact organismal development and can influence disease trajectory in a variety of pathophysiological states. In nonreproductive cancers, epidemiological sex differences have been observed in a series of tumors, and recent work has identified previously unappreciated sex differences in molecular genetics and immune response. However, the extent of these sex differences in terms of drivers of tumor growth and therapeutic response is less clear. In glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor, there is a male bias in incidence and outcome, and key genetic and epigenetic differences, as well as differences in immune response driven by immune-suppressive myeloid populations, have recently been revealed. GBM is a prototypic tumor in which cellular heterogeneity is driven by populations of therapeutically resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs) that underlie tumor growth and recurrence. There is emerging evidence that GBM CSCs may show a sex difference, with male tumor cells showing enhanced self-renewal, but how sex differences impact CSC function is not clear. In this mini-review, we focus on how sex hormones may impact CSCs in GBM and implications for other cancers with a pronounced CSC population. We also explore opportunities to leverage new models to better understand the contribution of sex hormones vs sex chromosomes to CSC function. With the rising interest in sex differences in cancer, there is an immediate need to understand the extent to which sex differences impact tumor growth, including effects on CSC function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juyeun Lee
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Katie Troike
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
| | - R’ay Fodor
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center
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16
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Wang Y, Yang Z, Gu J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Teng Z, Wang D, Gao L, Li W, Yeh S, Han Z. Estrogen receptor beta increases clear cell renal cell carcinoma stem cell phenotype via altering the circPHACTR4/miR-34b-5p/c-Myc signaling. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22163. [PMID: 35061326 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101645r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Early clinical studies indicated that estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) might play key roles to impact the progression of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The detailed molecular mechanisms, however, remain unclear. Here, we found ERβ could increase the cancer stem cell (CSC) population via altering the circPHACTR4/miR-34b-5p/c-Myc signaling. Mechanism dissection revealed that ERβ could suppress circular RNA PHACTR4 (circPHACTR4) expression via direct binding to the estrogen response elements (EREs) on the 5' promoter region of its host gene, phosphatase and actin regulator 4 (PHACTR4) to decrease miR-34b-5p expression. The decreased miRNA-34b-5p could then increase c-Myc mRNA translation via targeting its 3' untranslated region (3' UTR). The in vivo mouse model with subcutaneous xenografts of ccRCC cells also validated the in vitro data. Importantly, analysis results from ccRCC TCGA database and our clinical data further confirmed the above in vitro/in vivo data. Together, these results suggest that ERβ may increase CSC population in ccRCC via altering ERβ/circPHACTR4/miR-34b-5p/c-Myc signaling and that targeting this newly identified signal pathway may help physicians to better suppress ccRCC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhan Yang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Ministry of Education of China, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Junfei Gu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhihai Teng
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shuyuan Yeh
- Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Zhenwei Han
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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17
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Cipriani C, Pacheco MP, Kishk A, Wachich M, Abankwa D, Schaffner-Reckinger E, Sauter T. Bruceine D Identified as a Drug Candidate against Breast Cancer by a Novel Drug Selection Pipeline and Cell Viability Assay. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:179. [PMID: 35215292 PMCID: PMC8875459 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-target effects of natural products allow us to fight complex diseases like cancer on multiple fronts. Unlike docking techniques, network-based approaches such as genome-scale metabolic modelling can capture multi-target effects. However, the incompleteness of natural product target information reduces the prediction accuracy of in silico gene knockout strategies. Here, we present a drug selection workflow based on context-specific genome-scale metabolic models, built from the expression data of cancer cells treated with natural products, to predict cell viability. The workflow comprises four steps: first, in silico single-drug and drug combination predictions; second, the assessment of the effects of natural products on cancer metabolism via the computation of a dissimilarity score between the treated and control models; third, the identification of natural products with similar effects to the approved drugs; and fourth, the identification of drugs with the predicted effects in pathways of interest, such as the androgen and estrogen pathway. Out of the initial 101 natural products, nine candidates were tested in a 2D cell viability assay. Bruceine D, emodin, and scutellarein showed a dose-dependent inhibition of MCF-7 and Hs 578T cell proliferation with IC50 values between 0.7 to 65 μM, depending on the drug and cell line. Bruceine D, extracted from Brucea javanica seeds, showed the highest potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cipriani
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (C.C.); (M.P.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Maria Pires Pacheco
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (C.C.); (M.P.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Ali Kishk
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (C.C.); (M.P.P.); (A.K.)
| | - Maryem Wachich
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (M.W.); (D.A.); (E.S.-R.)
| | - Daniel Abankwa
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (M.W.); (D.A.); (E.S.-R.)
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cancer Cell Biology and Drug Discovery Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (M.W.); (D.A.); (E.S.-R.)
| | - Thomas Sauter
- Systems Biology Group, Department of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, L-4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; (C.C.); (M.P.P.); (A.K.)
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18
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Chimento A, De Luca A, Avena P, De Amicis F, Casaburi I, Sirianni R, Pezzi V. Estrogen Receptors-Mediated Apoptosis in Hormone-Dependent Cancers. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1242. [PMID: 35163166 PMCID: PMC8835409 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
It is known that estrogen stimulates growth and inhibits apoptosis through estrogen receptor(ER)-mediated mechanisms in many cancer cell types. Interestingly, there is strong evidence that estrogens can also induce apoptosis, activating different ER isoforms in cancer cells. It has been observed that E2/ERα complex activates multiple pathways involved in both cell cycle progression and apoptotic cascade prevention, while E2/ERβ complex in many cases directs the cells to apoptosis. However, the exact mechanism of estrogen-induced tumor regression is not completely known. Nevertheless, ERs expression levels of specific splice variants and their cellular localization differentially affect outcome of estrogen-dependent tumors. The goal of this review is to provide a general overview of current knowledge on ERs-mediated apoptosis that occurs in main hormone dependent-cancers. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of ER-mediated cell death will be useful for the development of specific ligands capable of triggering apoptosis to counteract estrogen-dependent tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Chimento
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Arianna De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Paola Avena
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesca De Amicis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Ivan Casaburi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rosa Sirianni
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Pezzi
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, Arcavacata di Rende, 87036 Cosenza, Italy
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19
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Ruiz TFR, Colleta SJ, Zuccari DAPDC, Vilamaior PSL, Leonel ECR, Taboga SR. Hormone receptor expression in aging mammary tissue and carcinoma from a rodent model after xenoestrogen disruption. Life Sci 2021; 285:120010. [PMID: 34606849 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Hormone receptors are the main markers applied for prognosis of breast cancer subtypes. Among modulators, exogenous chemical agents known as endocrine disruptors interact with certain receptors, triggering molecular pathways or increasing their expression. Bisphenol A (BPA), a xenoestrogen, interacts with several hormone receptors. Thus, our aim was to characterize the hormone receptor status in the mammary gland (MG) of aged female Mongolian gerbils exposed to BPA in pregnancy and lactation. METHODS We evaluated the expression of receptors for estrogens (ERα and ERβ), progesterone (PR), prolactin (PRL-R), HER2/ErbB2, and androgen (AR) in normal and hyperplastic mammary tissue and in carcinomas developed after BPA exposure. KEY FINDINGS BPA-exposed MG presented increased ERα, whereas ERβ, PR, and PRL-R showed lower expression. AR and HER2/ErbB2 showed similar expression in normal and hyperplastic tissue from control, vehicle, and BPA groups. Both receptors were found in cytoplasm and nucleus in BPA-induced carcinoma. We demonstrate the presence of EZH2 expression, an epigenetic and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker, with a high H-score in BPA-exposed MG, which was associated with poor prognosis of cancer. Co-localization of ERα and EZH2 was present in normal and carcinoma features, corroborating the installation of ERα-positive mammary cancer associated with the EMT process. Enhanced EZH2 in BPA-exposed mammary tissue could decrease ERβ expression and promote tumorigenesis progress through HER2/ErbB2. SIGNIFICANCE The present study proposes the Mongolian gerbil as an experimental model for mammary carcinogenesis studies, based on BPA disruption that triggers a phenotype of increased ERα/HER2 positivity and depletion of ERβ/PR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thalles Fernando Rocha Ruiz
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Simone Jacovaci Colleta
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Patrícia Simone Leite Vilamaior
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ellen Cristina Rivas Leonel
- Department of Histology, Embryology and Cell Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences (ICB III), Federal University of Goiás (UFG), Avenida Esperança, s/n, Campus Samambaia, 74001-970 Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Sebastião Roberto Taboga
- Department of Biology, Institute of Biosciences, Humanities and Exact Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, 15054-000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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20
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Hirao-Suzuki M. Estrogen Receptor β as a Possible Double-Edged Sword Molecule in Breast Cancer: A Mechanism of Alteration of Its Role by Exposure to Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1594-1597. [PMID: 34719637 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is essential for the growth and development of mammary glands and its signaling is associated with breast cancer growth. Estrogen can exert physiological actions via estrogen receptors α/β (ERα/β). There is experimental evidence suggesting that in ERα/β-positive breast cancer, ERα promotes tumor cell proliferation and ERβ inhibits ERα-mediated transcriptional activity, resulting in abrogation of cell growth. Therefore, ERβ is attracting attention as a potential tumor suppressor, and as a biomarker and therapeutic target in the ERα/β-positive breast cancer. Based on this information, we have hypothesized that some endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) that can perturb the balance between ERα and ERβ expression levels in breast cancer cells might have effects on the breast cancer proliferation (i.e., down-regulation of the α-type of ER). We have recently reported that 4-methyl-2,4-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)pent-1-ene (MBP), an active metabolite of bisphenol A, in ERα/β-positive human breast cancer significantly down-regulates ERα expression, yet stimulates cell proliferation through the activation of ERβ-mediated transcription. These results support our hypothesis by demonstrating that exposure to MBP altered the functional role of ERβ in breast cancer cells from suppressor to promoter. In contrast, some EDCs, such as Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol and bisphenol AF, can exhibit anti-estrogenic effects through up-regulation of ERβ expression without affecting the ERα expression levels. However, there is no consensus on the correlation between ERβ expression levels and clinical prognosis, which might be due to differences in exposed chemicals. Therefore, elucidating the exposure effects of EDCs can reveal the reason for inconsistent functional role of ERβ in ERα/β-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayo Hirao-Suzuki
- Laboratory of Xenobiotic Metabolism and Environmental Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University
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21
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Zheng Y, Karnoub AE. Endocrine regulation of cancer stem cell compartments in breast tumors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 535:111374. [PMID: 34242715 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2021.111374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells within breast tumors exist within a hierarchy in which only a small and rare subset of cells is able to regenerate growths with the heterogeneity of the original tumor. These highly malignant cancer cells, which behave like stem cells for new cancers and are called "cancer stem cells" or CSCs, have also been shown to possess increased resistance to therapeutics, and represent the root cause underlying therapy failures, persistence of residual disease, and relapse. As >90% of cancer deaths are due to refractory tumors, identification of critical molecular drivers of the CSC-state would reveal vulnerabilities that can be leveraged in designing therapeutics that eradicate advanced disease and improve patient survival outcomes. An expanding and complex body of work has now described the exquisite susceptibility of CSC pools to the regulatory influences of local and systemic hormones. Indeed, breast CSCs express a plethora of hormonal receptors, which funnel hormonal influences over every aspect of breast neoplasia - be it tumor onset, growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, or therapy resistance - via directly impacting CSC behavior. This article is intended to shed light on this active area of investigation by attempting to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the available evidence directly linking hormones to breast CSC biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Antoine E Karnoub
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, 02142, USA.
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22
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Karakas B, Aka Y, Giray A, Temel SG, Acikbas U, Basaga H, Gul O, Kutuk O. Mitochondrial estrogen receptors alter mitochondrial priming and response to endocrine therapy in breast cancer cells. Cell Death Discov 2021; 7:189. [PMID: 34294688 PMCID: PMC8298581 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-021-00573-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer with a high rate of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide. Estrogen receptor status is an important prognostic factor and endocrine therapy is the choice of first-line treatment in ER-positive breast cancer. However, most tumors develop resistance to endocrine therapy. Here we demonstrate that BH3 profiling technology, in particular, dynamic BH3 profiling can predict the response to endocrine therapy agents as well as the development of acquired resistance in breast cancer cells independent of estrogen receptor status. Immunofluorescence analysis and subcellular fractionation experiments revealed distinct ER-α and ER-β subcellular localization patterns in breast cancer cells, including mitochondrial localization of both receptor subtypes. shRNA-mediated depletion of ER-β in breast cancer cells led to resistance to endocrine therapy agents and selective reconstitution of ER-β in mitochondria restored sensitivity. Notably, mitochondria-targeted ER-α did not restore sensitivity, even conferred further resistance to endocrine therapy agents. In addition, expressing mitochondria-targeted ER-β in breast cancer cells resulted in decreased mitochondrial respiration alongside increased total ROS and mitochondrial superoxide production. Furthermore, our data demonstrated that mitochondrial ER-β can be successfully targeted by the selective ER-β agonist Erteberel. Thus, our findings provide novel findings on mitochondrial estrogen signaling in breast cancer cells and suggest the implementation of the dynamic BH3 technique as a tool to predict acquired endocrine therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahriye Karakas
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yeliz Aka
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Asli Giray
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Alanya Alaaddin Keykubat University, Alanya, Turkey
| | - Sehime Gulsun Temel
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Bursa, Turkey
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Bursa, Turkey
- Bursa Uludag University, Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Translational Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ufuk Acikbas
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey
| | - Huveyda Basaga
- Sabanci University, Molecular Biology, Genetics and Bioengineering Program, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Gul
- Bilgi University, Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ozgur Kutuk
- Baskent University School of Medicine, Dept. of Immunology, Adana Dr. Turgut Noyan Medical and Research Center, Adana, Turkey.
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23
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Chen J, Wan R, Li Q, Rao Z, Wang Y, Zhang L, Teichmann AT. Utilizing the Hippo pathway as a therapeutic target for combating endocrine-resistant breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:306. [PMID: 34112175 PMCID: PMC8194146 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is always a great obstacle in any endocrine therapy of breast cancer. Although the combination of endocrine therapy and targeted therapy has been shown to significantly improve prognosis, refractory endocrine resistance is still common. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway is often related to the occurrence and the development of many tumors. Targeted therapies of this pathway have played important roles in the study of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Targeting the Hippo pathway in combination with chemotherapy or other targeted therapies has been shown to significantly improve specific antitumor effects and reduce cancer antidrug resistance. Further exploration has shown that the Hippo pathway is closely related to endocrine resistance, and it plays a "co-correlation point" role in numerous pathways involving endocrine resistance, including related pathways in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs). Agents and miRNAs targeting the components of the Hippo pathway are expected to significantly enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to endocrine therapy. This review initially explains the possible mechanism of the Hippo pathway in combating endocrine resistance, and it concludes by recommending endocrine therapy in combination with therapies targeting the Hippo pathway in the study of endocrine-resistant breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Runlan Wan
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinqin Li
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhenghuan Rao
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China.,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Gynaecology, The Second People's Hospital of Yibin, Yibin, 644000, China
| | - Alexander Tobias Teichmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, No. 25 Taiping Street, Jiangyang District, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China. .,Sichuan Provincial Center for Gynaecology and Breast Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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24
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Carcinogenesis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Sex Steroid Hormones. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13112588. [PMID: 34070471 PMCID: PMC8197527 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13112588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks all of three treatment targets (estrogen receptor-α, ER-α; progesterone receptor, PgR; and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, HER2) and is usually associated with a poor clinical outcome; however, several sex steroid receptors, such as androgen receptor (AR), ER-β, and G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor, are frequently expressed and their biological and clinical importance has been suggested. Despite the structural similarity between sex steroid hormones (androgens and estrogens) or receptors (AR and ER-β), similar signaling mechanisms of these hormones, and the coexistence of these hormones and their receptors in TNBC in a clinical setting, most studies or reviews focused on only one of these receptors, and rarely reviewed them in a comprehensive way. In this review, the carcinogenic or pathobiological role of sex steroid hormones in TNBC is considered, focusing on common and differing features of hormone actions. Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks an effective treatment target and is usually associated with a poor clinical outcome; however, hormone unresponsiveness, which is the most important biological characteristic of TNBC, only means the lack of nuclear estrogenic signaling through the classical estrogen receptor (ER), ER-α. Several sex steroid receptors other than ER-α: androgen receptor (AR), second ER, ER-β, and non-nuclear receptors represented by G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER), are frequently expressed in TNBC and their biological and clinical importance has been suggested by a large number of studies. Despite the structural similarity between each sex steroid hormone (androgens and estrogens) or each receptor (AR and ER-β), and similarity in the signaling mechanisms of these hormones, most studies or reviews focused on one of these receptors, and rarely reviewed them in a comprehensive way. Considering the coexistence of these hormones and their receptors in TNBC in a clinical setting, a comprehensive viewpoint would be important to correctly understand the association between the carcinogenic mechanism or pathobiology of TNBC and sex steroid hormones. In this review, the carcinogenic or pathobiological role of sex steroid hormones in TNBC is considered, focusing on the common and divergent features of the action of these hormones.
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25
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High estrogen receptor alpha activation confers resistance to estrogen deprivation and is required for therapeutic response to estrogen in breast cancer. Oncogene 2021; 40:3408-3421. [PMID: 33875787 PMCID: PMC8122072 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01782-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor alpha (ER)-positive breast cancer is commonly treated with endocrine therapies, including antiestrogens that bind and inhibit ER activity, and aromatase inhibitors that suppress estrogen biosynthesis to inhibit estrogen-dependent ER activity. Paradoxically, treatment with estrogens such as 17b-estradiol can also be effective against ER+ breast cancer. Despite the known efficacy of estrogen therapy, the lack of a predictive biomarker of response and understanding of the mechanism of action have contributed to its limited clinical use. Herein, we demonstrate that ER overexpression confers resistance to estrogen deprivation through ER activation in human ER+ breast cancer cells and xenografts grown in mice. However, ER overexpression and the associated high levels of ER transcriptional activation converted 17b-estradiol from a growth-promoter to a growth-suppressor, offering a targetable therapeutic vulnerability and a potential means of identifying patients likely to benefit from estrogen therapy. Since ER+ breast cancer cells and tumors ultimately developed resistance to continuous estrogen deprivation or continuous 17b-estradiol treatment, we tested schedules of alternating treatments. Oscillation of ER activity through cycling of 17b-estradiol and estrogen deprivation provided long-term control of patient-derived xenografts, offering a novel endocrine-only strategy to manage ER+ breast cancer.
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26
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Božović A, Mandušić V, Todorović L, Krajnović M. Estrogen Receptor Beta: The Promising Biomarker and Potential Target in Metastases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041656. [PMID: 33562134 PMCID: PMC7914503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of the Estrogen Receptor Beta (ERβ) in 1996 opened new perspectives in the diagnostics and therapy of different types of cancer. Here, we present a review of the present research knowledge about its role in endocrine-related cancers: breast, prostate, and thyroid, and colorectal cancers. We also discuss the reasons for the controversy of its role in carcinogenesis and why it is still not in use as a biomarker in clinical practice. Given that the diagnostics and therapy would benefit from the introduction of new biomarkers, we suggest ways to overcome the contradictions in elucidating the role of ERβ.
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27
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Sareddy GR, Pratap UP, Venkata PP, Zhou M, Alejo S, Viswanadhapalli S, Tekmal RR, Brenner AJ, Vadlamudi RK. Activation of estrogen receptor beta signaling reduces stemness of glioma stem cells. Stem Cells 2021; 39:536-550. [PMID: 33470499 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and deadliest tumor of the central nervous system. GBM has poor prognosis and glioma stem cells (GSCs) are implicated in tumor initiation and therapy resistance. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is expressed in GBM and exhibit tumor suppressive function. However, the role of ERβ in GSCs and the therapeutic potential of ERβ agonists on GSCs remain largely unknown. Here, we examined whether ERβ modulates GSCs stemness and tested the utility of two ERβ selective agonists (LY500307 and Liquiritigenin) to reduce the stemness of GSCs. The efficacy of ERβ agonists was examined on GSCs isolated from established and patient derived GBMs. Our results suggested that knockout of ERβ increased the proportion of CD133+ and SSEA+ positive GSCs and overexpression of ERβ reduced the proportion of GSCs in GBM cells. Overexpression of ERβ or treatment with ERβ agonists significantly inhibited the GSCs cell viability, neurosphere formation, self-renewal ability, induced the apoptosis and reduced expression of stemness markers in GSCs. RNA sequencing analysis revealed that ERβ agonist modulate pathways related to stemness, differentiation and apoptosis. Mechanistic studies showed that ERβ overexpression or agonist treatment reduced glutamate receptor signaling pathway and induced apoptotic pathways. In orthotopic models, ERβ overexpression or ERβ agonists treatment significantly reduced the GSCs mediated tumor growth and improved the mice overall survival. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that ERβ overexpression decreased SOX2 and GRM3 expression and increased expression of GFAP in tumors. These results suggest that ERβ activation could be a promising therapeutic strategy to eradicate GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Mei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha Shi, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Salvador Alejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Hematology & Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA.,Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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28
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Zheng Q, Zhang M, Zhou F, Zhang L, Meng X. The Breast Cancer Stem Cells Traits and Drug Resistance. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:599965. [PMID: 33584277 PMCID: PMC7876385 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.599965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance is a major challenge in breast cancer (BC) treatment at present. Accumulating studies indicate that breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) are responsible for the BC drugs resistance, causing relapse and metastasis in BC patients. Thus, BCSCs elimination could reverse drug resistance and improve drug efficacy to benefit BC patients. Consequently, mastering the knowledge on the proliferation, resistance mechanisms, and separation of BCSCs in BC therapy is extremely helpful for BCSCs-targeted therapeutic strategies. Herein, we summarize the principal BCSCs surface markers and signaling pathways, and list the BCSCs-related drug resistance mechanisms in chemotherapy (CT), endocrine therapy (ET), and targeted therapy (TT), and display therapeutic strategies for targeting BCSCs to reverse drug resistance in BC. Even more importantly, more attention should be paid to studies on BCSC-targeted strategies to overcome the drug resistant dilemma of clinical therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghui Zheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengdi Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fangfang Zhou
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Long Zhang
- MOE Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis and Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuli Meng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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29
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Wang L, Zhang S, Wang X. The Metabolic Mechanisms of Breast Cancer Metastasis. Front Oncol 2021; 10:602416. [PMID: 33489906 PMCID: PMC7817624 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.602416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancy among women worldwide. Metastasis is mainly responsible for treatment failure and is the cause of most breast cancer deaths. The role of metabolism in the progression and metastasis of breast cancer is gradually being emphasized. However, the regulatory mechanisms that conduce to cancer metastasis by metabolic reprogramming in breast cancer have not been expounded. Breast cancer cells exhibit different metabolic phenotypes depending on their molecular subtypes and metastatic sites. Both intrinsic factors, such as MYC amplification, PIK3CA, and TP53 mutations, and extrinsic factors, such as hypoxia, oxidative stress, and acidosis, contribute to different metabolic reprogramming phenotypes in metastatic breast cancers. Understanding the metabolic mechanisms underlying breast cancer metastasis will provide important clues to develop novel therapeutic approaches for treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology and Cancer Institute, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, China
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30
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Zhou M, Venkata PP, Viswanadhapalli S, Palacios B, Alejo S, Chen Y, He Y, Pratap UP, Liu J, Zou Y, Lai Z, Suzuki T, Brenner AJ, Tekmal RR, Vadlamudi RK, Sareddy GR. KDM1A inhibition is effective in reducing stemness and treating triple negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 185:343-357. [PMID: 33057995 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-020-05963-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly tumorigenic, spared by chemotherapy, sustain tumor growth, and are implicated in tumor recurrence after conventional therapies in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A) is highly expressed in several human malignancies and CSCs including TNBC. However, the precise mechanistic role of KDM1A in CSC functions and therapeutic utility of KDM1A inhibitor for treating TNBC is poorly understood. METHODS The effect of KDM1A inhibition on cell viability, apoptosis, and invasion were examined by Cell Titer Glo, Caspase 3/7 Glo, and matrigel invasion assays, respectively. Stemness and self-renewal of CSCs were examined using mammosphere formation and extreme limiting dilution assays. Mechanistic studies were conducted using RNA-sequencing, RT-qPCR, Western blotting and reporter gene assays. Mouse xenograft and patient derived xenograft models were used for preclinical evaluation of KDM1A inhibitor. RESULTS TCGA data sets indicated that KDM1A is highly expressed in TNBC. CSCs express high levels of KDM1A and inhibition of KDM1A reduced the CSCs enrichment in TNBC cells. KDM1A inhibition reduced cell viability, mammosphere formation, self-renewal and promoted apoptosis of CSCs. Mechanistic studies suggested that IL6-JAK-STAT3 and EMT pathways were downregulated in KDM1A knockdown and KDM1A inhibitor treated cells. Importantly, doxycycline inducible knockout of KDM1A reduced tumor progression in orthotopic xenograft models and KDM1A inhibitor NCD38 treatment significantly reduced tumor growth in patient derived xenograft (PDX) models. CONCLUSIONS Our results establish that KDM1A inhibition mitigates CSCs functions via inhibition of STAT3 and EMT signaling, and KDM1A inhibitor NCD38 may represent a novel class of drug for treating TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No.139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 4100011, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Prabhakar Pitta Venkata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Suryavathi Viswanadhapalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Bridgitte Palacios
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Salvador Alejo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Yihong Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, Hunan, People's Republic of China
| | - Uday P Pratap
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Junhao Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Zou
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Zhao Lai
- Greehey Children's Cancer Research Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Takayoshi Suzuki
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andrew J Brenner
- Hematology & Oncology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Rajeshwar R Tekmal
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Ratna K Vadlamudi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA
| | - Gangadhara R Sareddy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
- Mays Cancer Center, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA.
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Treeck O, Schüler-Toprak S, Ortmann O. Estrogen Actions in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112358. [PMID: 33114740 PMCID: PMC7692567 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) lacks estrogen receptor (ER) α, but the expression of estrogen receptors ERβ and G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER-1) is able to trigger estrogen-responsivity in TNBC. Estrogen signaling in TNBC can also be activated and modulated by the constitutively active estrogen-related receptors (ERRs). In this review article, we discuss the role of ERβ and GPER-1 as mediators of E2 action in TNBC as well as the function of ERRs as activators and modulators of estrogen signaling in this cancer entity. For this purpose, original research articles on estrogen actions in TNBC were considered, which are listed in the PubMed database. Additionally, we performed meta-analyses of publicly accessible integrated gene expression and survival data to elucidate the association of ERβ, GPER-1, and ERR expression levels in TNBC with survival. Finally, options for endocrine therapy strategies for TNBC were discussed.
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Major driver mutations are shared between sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and the morphologically identical colorectal adenocarcinoma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 147:1019-1027. [PMID: 33051725 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03421-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of our study was to compare genomic changes in sinonasal intestinal-type adenocarcinoma (sITAC) and colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC), as they are histomorphologically indistinguishable. This can cause diagnostic difficulties as sinonasal tumours initially diagnosed as sITAC may represent metastasis from CRC, a frequent cancer. Previous studies have not uncovered the underlying mechanism behind the histomorphological resemblance. METHODS/PATIENTS Tissue samples from all consecutive patients with sITAC at our facility (20 patients) were compared to samples from 20 patients with CRC as well as samples from 2 patients with both CRC and sinonasal tumours. DNA sequencing was performed using Illumina TruSight Oncology 500 panel consisting of 523 cancer-associated genes. Frequent mutations were inspected manually using the Integrative Genomics Viewer. RESULTS Several well-known cancer-associated genes were mutated in the CRC group, but also in the sinonasal ITAC group. These genes included APC mutated in 65% of the CRC group and 37% of the sinonasal ITAC group, and TP53 mutated in 65% of CRC samples and 58% of ITAC samples. These shared mutations may explain the histomorphological similarities. Successful DNA sequencing was performed on the colorectal sample from one of the two patients with both CRC and sinonasal tumour. Comparing mutations in these samples from one patient we have shown that the sinonasal tumour in all probability was a CRC metastasis. CONCLUSION We have identified several genetic similarities between sITAC and CRC. This discovery brings us closer to understanding mechanisms behind the development of sITAC-and hopefully in the future targeted therapy.
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Li H, Che J, Jiang M, Cui M, Feng G, Dong J, Zhang S, Lu L, Liu W, Fan S. CLPTM1L induces estrogen receptor β signaling-mediated radioresistance in non-small cell lung cancer cells. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:152. [PMID: 32943060 PMCID: PMC7499972 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00571-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radioresistance is a major challenge in lung cancer radiotherapy, and new radiosensitizers are urgently needed. Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) is involved in the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), however, the role of ERβ in the response to radiotherapy in lung cancer remains elusive. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism underlying ERβ-mediated transcriptional activation and radioresistance of NSCLC cells. METHODS Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of CLPTM1L, ERβ and other target genes. The mechanism of CLPTM1L in modulation of radiosensitivity was investigated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, luciferase reporter gene assay, immunofluorescence staining, confocal microscopy, coimmunoprecipitation and GST pull-down assays. The functional role of CLPTM1L was detected by function assays in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS CLPTM1L expression was negatively correlated with the radiosensitivity of NSCLC cell lines, and irradiation upregulated CLPTM1L in radioresistant (A549) but not in radiosensitive (H460) NSCLC cells. Meanwhile, IR induced the translocation of CLPTM1L from the cytoplasm into the nucleus in NSCLC cells. Moreover, CLPTM1L induced radioresistance in NSCLC cells. iTRAQ-based analysis and cDNA microarray identified irradiation-related genes commonly targeted by CLPTM1L and ERβ, and CLPTM1L upregulated ERβ-induced genes CDC25A, c-Jun, and BCL2. Mechanistically, CLPTM1L coactivated ERβ by directly interacting with ERβ through the LXXLL NR (nuclear receptor)-binding motif. Functionally, ERβ silencing was sufficient to block CLPTM1L-enhanced radioresistance of NSCLC cells in vitro. CLPTM1L shRNA treatment in combination with irradiation significantly inhibited cancer cell growth in NSCLC xenograft tumors in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The present results indicate that CLPTM1L acts as a critical coactivator of ERβ to promote the transcription of its target genes and induce radioresistance of NSCLC cells, suggesting a new target for radiosensitization in NSCLC therapy. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Jun Che
- grid.459328.10000 0004 1758 9149Department of Radiation Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, 200 Hui-He Road, Wuxi, 214062 Jiangsu P.R. China
| | - Mian Jiang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Ming Cui
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Guoxing Feng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Jiali Dong
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Weili Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
| | - Saijun Fan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Molecular Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 238 Bai-Di Road, Tianjin, 300192 P.R. China
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Chen B, Ye P, Chen Y, Liu T, Cha JH, Yan X, Yang WH. Involvement of the Estrogen and Progesterone Axis in Cancer Stemness: Elucidating Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Significance. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1657. [PMID: 33014829 PMCID: PMC7498570 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone regulate the growth and development of human tissues, including the reproductive system and breasts, through estrogen and progesterone receptors, respectively. These receptors are also important indicators for the clinical prognosis of breast cancer and various reproductive cancers. Many studies have reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a key role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and recurrence. Although the role of estrogen and progesterone in human organs and various cancers has been studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying the action of these hormones on CSCs remain unclear. Therefore, further elucidation of the effects of estrogen and progesterone on CSCs should provide a new direction for developing pertinent therapies. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the estrogen and progesterone axis involved in cancer stemness and discuss potential therapeutic strategies to inhibit CSCs by targeting relevant pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bi Chen
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yeh Chen
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tong Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China.,The Institute of Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital and Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Peiffer DS, Ma E, Wyatt D, Albain KS, Osipo C. DAXX-inducing phytoestrogens inhibit ER+ tumor initiating cells and delay tumor development. NPJ Breast Cancer 2020; 6:37. [PMID: 32864429 PMCID: PMC7429502 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-020-00178-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recurrence of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast tumors despite curative-intent adjuvant therapy is thought to be due to enrichment of tumor initiating cells (TIC) during endocrine therapy (ET). Recently, it was identified that by antagonizing the ER, ET promotes rapid degradation of the death-associated factor 6 (DAXX) protein, which is necessary and sufficient to potently inhibit TICs. Thus, the goal of the current study was to identify a DAXX-inducing agent to inhibit TICs and prevent proliferation of the tumor. Phytoestrogens (naringenin, resveratrol, genistein, apigenin, and quercetin) were screened for DAXX protein expression, anti-TIC and anti-proliferative efficacy in vitro and in vivo. Specific DAXX-inducing phytoestrogens were tested to assess selectivity towards ERα and/or ERβ. Results showed that phytoestrogens tested induced DAXX protein expression and inhibited survival of TICs from ER+ MCF-7 and T47D cells. Only naringenin, resveratrol, and quercetin did not stimulate total cell proliferation. Naringenin, resveratrol, but not quercetin inhibited survival of TICs in vitro and in vivo in a DAXX-dependent manner. Naringenin-induced DAXX protein expression and inhibition of TICs seemed to be more selective towards ERβ while resveratrol was more selective through ERα. Naringenin or resveratrol inhibited the rate of tumor initiation and rate of tumor growth in a DAXX-dependent manner. These results suggest that a therapeutic approach using a phytoestrogen to induce DAXX protein expression could potently inhibit TICs within a tumor to delay or prevent tumor initiation. Therefore, a DAXX-promoting phytoestrogen should be explored for prevention of tumor progression in advanced disease and relapse in the adjuvant setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S. Peiffer
- MD/PhD and Integrated Cell Biology Programs, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Emily Ma
- MD/PhD and Integrated Cell Biology Programs, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Debra Wyatt
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Kathy S. Albain
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of Medicine, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL United States
| | - Clodia Osipo
- Department of Cancer Biology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL United States
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL United States
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Le Naour A, Koffi Y, Diab M, Le Guennec D, Rougé S, Aldekwer S, Goncalves-Mendes N, Talvas J, Farges MC, Caldefie-Chezet F, Vasson MP, Rossary A. EO771, the first luminal B mammary cancer cell line from C57BL/6 mice. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:328. [PMID: 32699527 PMCID: PMC7372867 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01418-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite decades of therapeutic trials, effective diagnosis, many drugs available and numerous studies on breast cancer, it remains the deadliest cancer in women. In order to choose the most appropriate treatment and to understand the prognosis of the patients, breast cancer is divided into different subtypes using a molecular classification. Just as there remains a need to discover new effective therapies, models to test them are also required. Methods The EO771 (also named E0771 or EO 771) murine mammary cancer cell line was originally isolated from a spontaneous tumour in C57BL/6 mouse. Although frequently used, this cell line remains poorly characterized. Therefore, the EO771 phenotype was investigated. The phenotype was compared to that of MCF-7 cells, known to be of luminal A subtype and to express estrogen receptors, as well as MDA-MB-231 cells, which are triple negative. Their sensitivity to hormonal treatment was evaluated by viability tests. Results The EO771 were estrogen receptor α negative, estrogen receptor β positive, progesterone receptor positive and ErbB2 positive. This phenotype was associated with a sensitivity to anti-estrogen treatments such as tamoxifen, 4-hydroxy-tamoxifen, endoxifen and fulvestrant. Conclusions On account of the numerous results published with the EO771 cell line, it is important to know its classification, to facilitate comparisons with corresponding types of tumours in patients. Transcriptomic and protein analysis of the EO771 cell line classified it within the luminal B subtype. Luminal B cancers correspond to one of the subtypes most frequently encountered in patients and associated with a poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augustin Le Naour
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Yvonne Koffi
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Mariane Diab
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Delphine Le Guennec
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Stéphanie Rougé
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Sahar Aldekwer
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Nicolas Goncalves-Mendes
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Jérémie Talvas
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Marie-Chantal Farges
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Florence Caldefie-Chezet
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
| | - Marie-Paule Vasson
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France.,Department of Nutrition, Gabriel Montpied University Hospital, Jean Perrin Cancer Centre, 58 rue Montalembert, 63011 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Adrien Rossary
- Human Nutrition Unit, ECREIN team, UMR 1019, University of Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, CRNH-Auvergne, TSA 50400, 28 place Henri Dunant, 63000 Clermont-Ferrand Cedex 1, France
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Yang Z, Yu W, Liu B, Yang M, Tao H. Estrogen receptor β induces autophagy of osteosarcoma through the mTOR signaling pathway. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:50. [PMID: 32054506 PMCID: PMC7020596 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-1575-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estrogen receptor beta (ERβ) was considered as a tumor-inhibiting factor in estrogen-sensitive malignant tumors. In this study, we intended to investigate whether ERβ was involved in inducing autophagy in osteosarcoma. METHODS This is an experimental study. The associations between ERβ and autophagy were detected in osteosarcoma U2-OS cells which were treated with E2, E2 + 2,3-Bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propionitrile (DPN, ERβ agonists), E2 + DPN + water, E2 + DPN + 3-Methyladenine (3-MA, autophagy inhibitor), respectively. Cell viability and death were detected using cell counting kit 8 assay and flow cytometry, respectively. In addition, the expression of autophagy marker LC3II/I, sequestosome 1 (P62), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and phosphorylated-mTOR (p-mTOR) was determined by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting. RESULTS Cell viability was significantly decreased with DPN treatment, while was reversed with 3-MA treatment. DPN treatment decreased living cells proportion and increased cell apoptosis proportion, while 3-MA treatment reversed those changes. However, there were significant differences between the E2 group and the E2 + DPN + 3-MA group for the living cell proportion and cell apoptosis proportion, suggesting apoptosis and autophagy all were induced. In addition, DPN treatment upregulated the LC3II/I expression level and downregulated P62 and mTOR (mRNA level) and p-mTOR (protein level) expression levels. CONCLUSION ERβ inhibited the cell viability and mediated cell death by inducing apoptosis and autophagy in osteosarcoma. ERβ-induced autophagy in osteosarcoma was associated with downregulating the P62 expression level and inhibiting mTOR activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengming Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1511 Jianghong Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang, 310000 Hangzhou China
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1511 Jianghong Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang, 310000 Hangzhou China
| | - Bing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1511 Jianghong Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang, 310000 Hangzhou China
| | - Minfei Yang
- Department of Emergency Room, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, 310000 Hangzhou China
| | - Huimin Tao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, No.1511 Jianghong Road, Binjiang District, Zhejiang, 310000 Hangzhou China
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Liu WJ, Zhao G, Zhang CY, Yang CQ, Zeng XB, Li J, Zhu K, Zhao SQ, Lu HM, Yin DC, Lin SX. Comparison of the roles of estrogens and androgens in breast cancer and prostate cancer. J Cell Biochem 2019; 121:2756-2769. [PMID: 31693255 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) and prostate cancer (PC) are the second most common malignant tumors in women and men in western countries, respectively. The risks of death are 14% for BC and 9% for PC. Abnormal estrogen and androgen levels are related to carcinogenesis of the breast and prostate. Estradiol stimulates cancer development in BC. The effect of estrogen on PC is concentration-dependent, and estrogen can regulate androgen production, further affecting PC. Estrogen can also increase the risk of androgen-induced PC. Androgen has dual effects on BC via different metabolic pathways, and the role of the androgen receptor (AR) in BC also depends on cell subtype and downstream target genes. Androgen and AR can stimulate both primary PC and castration-resistant PC. Understanding the mechanisms of the effects of estrogen and androgen on BC and PC may help us to improve curative BC and PC treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jing Liu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Zhao
- Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chen-Yan Zhang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chang-Qing Yang
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Zeng
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin Li
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kun Zhu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shi-Qi Zhao
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui-Meng Lu
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Da-Chuan Yin
- Institute for Special Environmental Biophysics, Key Laboratory for Space Bioscience and Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sheng-Xiang Lin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Endocrinology and Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Centre (CHUQ, CHUL), Laval University, Québec, Canada
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39
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Giovannelli P, Di Donato M, Galasso G, Di Zazzo E, Medici N, Bilancio A, Migliaccio A, Castoria G. Breast cancer stem cells: The role of sex steroid receptors. World J Stem Cells 2019; 11:594-603. [PMID: 31616537 PMCID: PMC6789191 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v11.i9.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer among women, and current available therapies often have high success rates. Nevertheless, BC might acquire drug resistance and sometimes relapse. Current knowledge about the most aggressive forms of BC points to the role of specific cells with stem properties located within BC, the so-called “BC stem cells” (BCSCs). The role of BCSCs in cancer formation, growth, invasiveness, therapy resistance and tumor recurrence is becoming increasingly clear. The growth and metastatic properties of BCSCs are regulated by different pathways, which are only partially known. Sex steroid receptors (SSRs), which are involved in BC etiology and progression, promote BCSC proliferation, dedifferentiation and migration. However, in the literature, there is incomplete information about their roles. Particularly, there are contrasting conclusions about the expression and role of the classical BC hormonal biomarkers, such as estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), together with scant, albeit promising information concerning ER beta (ERβ) and androgen receptor (AR) properties that control different transduction pathways in BCSCs. In this review, we will discuss the role that SRs expressed in BCSCs play to BC progression and recurrence and how these findings have opened new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Giovannelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Giovanni Galasso
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Erika Di Zazzo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Nicola Medici
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Antonio Bilancio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania “L. Vanvitelli”, Naples 80138, Italy
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Rodriguez D, Ramkairsingh M, Lin X, Kapoor A, Major P, Tang D. The Central Contributions of Breast Cancer Stem Cells in Developing Resistance to Endocrine Therapy in Estrogen Receptor (ER)-Positive Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11071028. [PMID: 31336602 PMCID: PMC6678134 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11071028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stem cells (BCSC) play critical roles in the acquisition of resistance to endocrine therapy in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (ER + ve) breast cancer (BC). The resistance results from complex alterations involving ER, growth factor receptors, NOTCH, Wnt/β-catenin, hedgehog, YAP/TAZ, and the tumor microenvironment. These mechanisms are likely converged on regulating BCSCs, which then drive the development of endocrine therapy resistance. In this regard, hormone therapies enrich BCSCs in ER + ve BCs under both pre-clinical and clinical settings along with upregulation of the core components of “stemness” transcriptional factors including SOX2, NANOG, and OCT4. SOX2 initiates a set of reactions involving SOX9, Wnt, FXY3D, and Src tyrosine kinase; these reactions stimulate BCSCs and contribute to endocrine resistance. The central contributions of BCSCs to endocrine resistance regulated by complex mechanisms offer a unified strategy to counter the resistance. ER + ve BCs constitute approximately 75% of BCs to which hormone therapy is the major therapeutic approach. Likewise, resistance to endocrine therapy remains the major challenge in the management of patients with ER + ve BC. In this review we will discuss evidence supporting a central role of BCSCs in developing endocrine resistance and outline the strategy of targeting BCSCs to reduce hormone therapy resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodriguez
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Marc Ramkairsingh
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Xiaozeng Lin
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Anil Kapoor
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, Hamilton, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Pierre Major
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8V 5C2, Canada
| | - Damu Tang
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
- The Research Institute of St Joe's Hamilton, St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- Urological Cancer Center for Research and Innovation (UCCRI), St Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
- The Hamilton Center for Kidney Research, St. Joseph's Hospital, Hamilton, ON L8N 4A6, Canada.
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Ye S, Xu Y, Li J, Zheng S, Sun P, Wang T. Prognostic role of GPER/Ezrin in triple-negative breast cancer is associated with menopausal status. Endocr Connect 2019; 8:661-671. [PMID: 30999280 PMCID: PMC6528410 DOI: 10.1530/ec-19-0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) signaling, including promotion of Ezrin phosphorylation (which could be activated by estrogen), has not yet been clearly identified in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of GPER and Ezrin in TNBC patients. Clinicopathologic features including age, menopausal status, tumor size, nuclear grade, lymph node metastasis, AJCC TNM stage, and ER, PR and HER-2 expression were evaluated from 249 TNBC cases. Immunohistochemical staining of GPER and Ezrin was performed on TNBC pathological sections. Kaplan-Meier analyses, as well as logistic regressive and Cox regression model tests were applied to evaluate the prognostic significance between different subgroups. Compared to the GPER-low group, the GPER-high group exhibited higher TNM staging (P = 0.021), more death (P < 0.001), relapse (P < 0.001) and distant events (P < 0.001). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that GPER-high patients had a decreased OS (P < 0.001), PFS (P < 0.001), LRFS (P < 0.001) and DDFS (P < 0.001) than GPER-low patients. However, these differences in prognosis were not statistically significant in post-menopausal patients (OS, P = 0.8617; PFS, P = 0.1905; LRFS, P = 0.4378; DDFS, P = 0.2538). There was a significant positive correlation between GPER and Ezrin expression level (R = 0.508, P < 0.001) and the effect of Ezrin on survival prognosis corresponded with GPER. Moreover, a multivariable analysis confirmed that GPER and Ezrin level were both significantly associated with poor DDFS (HR: 0.346, 95% CI 0.182-0.658, P = 0.001; HR: 0.320, 95% CI 0.162-0.631, P = 0.001). Thus, overexpression of GPER and Ezrin may contribute to aggressive behavior and indicate unfavorable prognosis in TNBC; this may correspond to an individual's estrogen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Ye
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiehao Li
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuhui Zheng
- Research Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Sun
- Department of Pathology, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to P Sun or T Wang: or
| | - Tinghuai Wang
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Correspondence should be addressed to P Sun or T Wang: or
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Gu J, Xu T, Huang QH, Zhang CM, Chen HY. HMGB3 silence inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation and tumor growth by interacting with hypoxia-inducible factor 1α. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:5075-5089. [PMID: 31213919 PMCID: PMC6549700 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s204357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor that affects women with higher incidence. High-mobility group box 3 (HMGB3) plays critical functions in DNA repair, recombination, transcription and replication. This study aimed to investigate the effects of HMGB3 silence on mammosphere formation and tumor growth of breast cancer. Methods: LV5-HMGB3 and LV3-siHMGB3 vectors were transfected into MCF10A, MDA-MB-231, HCC1937, ZR-75-1 and MCF7 cells. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. Xenograft tumor mice model was established by injection of MDA-MB-231. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to examine the expression of Nanog, Sox2 and OCT-4. Mammosphere forming assay was employed to evaluate mammosphere formation both in vivo and in vitro. Dual luciferase assay was utilized to verify the interaction between HMGB3 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). CD44+/CD24− was assessed with flow cytometry. Results: HMGB3 expression was higher significantly (p<0.05) in cancer cells compared to normal cells. HMGB3 overexpression significantly (p<0.05) enhanced and HMGB3 silence reduced cell proliferative mice compared to MCF10A and MDA-MB-231, respectively. HMGB3 overexpression enhanced and HMGB3 silence inhibited mammosphere formation. HMGB3 overexpression upregulated and HMGB3 silence downregulated Nanog, SOX2 and OCT-4 genes/proteins in MCF10A and MDA-MB-231 cells, respectively. HMGB3 silence reduced CD44+/CD24− levels in cancer cells. Silence of HMGB3 strengthened reductive effects of PTX on tumor sizes, iPSC biomarkers and mammosphere amounts in xenograft tumor mouse models. HMGB3 silence inhibited mammoshpere formation, cell proliferation and CD44+CD24− by interacting with HIF1α. Conclusion: HMGB3 silence could inhibit the cell proliferation in vitro and suppress tumor growth in vivo levels. The antitumor effects of HMGB3 silence were mediated by interacting with the HIF1α.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Gu
- Department of Health Check-Up Center, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Health Check-Up Center, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Qin-Hua Huang
- Department of Health Check-Up Center, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Chu-Miao Zhang
- Department of Health Check-Up Center, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yan Chen
- Department of Health Check-Up Center, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, People's Republic of China
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Mukhopadhyay UK, Oturkar CC, Adams C, Wickramasekera N, Bansal S, Medisetty R, Miller A, Swetzig WM, Silwal-Pandit L, Børresen-Dale AL, Creighton CJ, Park JH, Konduri SD, Mukhopadhyay A, Caradori A, Omilian A, Bshara W, Kaipparettu BA, Das GM. TP53 Status as a Determinant of Pro- vs Anti-Tumorigenic Effects of Estrogen Receptor-Beta in Breast Cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2019; 111:1202-1215. [PMID: 30990221 PMCID: PMC6855950 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djz051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tumorigenic vs pro-tumorigenic roles of estrogen receptor-beta (ESR2) in breast cancer remain unsettled. We investigated the potential of TP53 status to be a determinant of the bi-faceted role of ESR2 and associated therapeutic implications for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS ESR2-TP53 interaction was analyzed with multiple assays including the in situ proximity ligation assay. Transcriptional effects on TP53-target genes and cell proliferation in response to knocking down or overexpressing ESR2 were determined. Patient survival according to ESR2 expression levels and TP53 mutation status was analyzed in the basal-like TNBC subgroup in the Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium (n = 308) and Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center (n = 46) patient cohorts by univariate Cox regression and log-rank test. All statistical tests are two-sided. RESULTS ESR2 interaction with wild-type and mutant TP53 caused pro-proliferative and anti-proliferative effects, respectively. Depleting ESR2 in cells expressing wild-type TP53 resulted in increased expression of TP53-target genes CDKN1A (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.13] vs ESR2 depletion group mean [SD] = 2.08 [0.24], P = .003) and BBC3 (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.06] vs ESR2 depleted group mean [SD] = 1.92 [0.25], P = .003); however, expression of CDKN1A (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.21] vs ESR2 depleted group mean [SD] = 0.56 [0.12], P = .02) and BBC3 (control group mean [SD] = 1 [0.03] vs ESR2 depleted group mean [SD] = 0.55 [0.09], P = .008) was decreased in cells expressing mutant TP53. Overexpressing ESR2 had opposite effects. Tamoxifen increased ESR2-mutant TP53 interaction, leading to reactivation of TP73 and apoptosis. High levels of ESR2 expression in mutant TP53-expressing basal-like tumors is associated with better prognosis (Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium cohort: log-rank P = .001; hazard ratio = 0.26, 95% confidence interval = 0.08 to 0.84, univariate Cox P = .02). CONCLUSIONS TP53 status is a determinant of the functional duality of ESR2. Our study suggests that ESR2-mutant TP53 combination prognosticates survival in TNBC revealing a novel strategy to stratify TNBC for therapeutic intervention potentially by repurposing tamoxifen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gokul M Das
- Correspondence to: Gokul M. Das, PhD, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics and Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Elm & Carlton Streets, Buffalo, NY 14263 (e-mail: )
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Gandhi N, Das GM. Metabolic Reprogramming in Breast Cancer and Its Therapeutic Implications. Cells 2019; 8:cells8020089. [PMID: 30691108 PMCID: PMC6406734 DOI: 10.3390/cells8020089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Current standard-of-care (SOC) therapy for breast cancer includes targeted therapies such as endocrine therapy for estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα) positive; anti-HER2 monoclonal antibodies for human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2)-enriched; and general chemotherapy for triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes. These therapies frequently fail due to acquired or inherent resistance. Altered metabolism has been recognized as one of the major mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance. There are several cues that dictate metabolic reprogramming that also account for the tumors’ metabolic plasticity. For metabolic therapy to be efficacious there is a need to understand the metabolic underpinnings of the different subtypes of breast cancer as well as the role the SOC treatments play in targeting the metabolic phenotype. Understanding the mechanism will allow us to identify potential therapeutic vulnerabilities. There are some very interesting questions being tackled by researchers today as they pertain to altered metabolism in breast cancer. What are the metabolic differences between the different subtypes of breast cancer? Do cancer cells have a metabolic pathway preference based on the site and stage of metastasis? How do the cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic cues dictate the metabolic phenotype? How do the nucleus and mitochondria coordinately regulate metabolism? How does sensitivity or resistance to SOC affect metabolic reprogramming and vice-versa? This review addresses these issues along with the latest updates in the field of breast cancer metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishant Gandhi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics & Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
| | - Gokul M Das
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Center for Genetics & Pharmacology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA.
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45
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Chen L, Pan X, Zhang YH, Liu M, Huang T, Cai YD. Classification of Widely and Rarely Expressed Genes with Recurrent Neural Network. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2018; 17:49-60. [PMID: 30595815 PMCID: PMC6307323 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A tissue-specific gene expression shapes the formation of tissues, while gene expression changes reflect the immune response of the human body to environmental stimulations or pressure, particularly in disease conditions, such as cancers. A few genes are commonly expressed across tissues or various cancers, while others are not. To investigate the functional differences between widely and rarely expressed genes, we defined the genes that were expressed in 32 normal tissues/cancers (i.e., called widely expressed genes; FPKM >1 in all samples) and those that were not detected (i.e., called rarely expressed genes; FPKM <1 in all samples) based on the large gene expression data set provided by Uhlen et al. Each gene was encoded using the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment scores. Minimum redundancy maximum relevance (mRMR) was used to measure and rank these features on the mRMR feature list. Thereafter, we applied the incremental feature selection method with a supervised classifier recurrent neural network (RNN) to select the discriminate features for classifying widely expressed genes from rarely expressed genes and construct an optimum RNN classifier. The Youden's indexes generated by the optimum RNN classifier and evaluated using a 10-fold cross validation were 0.739 for normal tissues and 0.639 for cancers. Furthermore, the underlying mechanisms of the key discriminate GO and KEGG features were analyzed. Results can facilitate the identification of the expression landscape of genes and elucidation of how gene expression shapes tissues and the microenvironment of cancers. Some genes are widely expressed across tissues or various cancers. A number of genes are rarely expressed across tissues or various cancers. The functional differences between widely and rarely expressed genes were studied. Several GO terms and KEGG pathways were extracted and analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China.,College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of PMMP, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoYong Pan
- Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yu-Hang Zhang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Liu
- College of Information Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Huang
- Institute of Health Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Dong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, People's Republic of China
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46
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Estrogen receptor β upregulated by lncRNA-H19 to promote cancer stem-like properties in papillary thyroid carcinoma. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:1120. [PMID: 30389909 PMCID: PMC6214949 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-1077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor β (ERβ) plays critical roles in thyroid cancer progression. However, its role in thyroid cancer stem cell maintenance remains elusive. Here, we report that ERβ is overexpressed in papillary thyroid cancer stem cells (PTCSCs), whereas ablation of ERβ decreases stemness-related factors expression, diminishes ALDH+ cell populations, and suppresses sphere formation ability and tumor growth. Screening estrogen-responsive lncRNAs in PTC spheroid cells, we find that lncRNA-H19 is highly expressed in PTCSCs and PTC tissue specimens, which is correlated with poor overall survival. Mechanistically, estradiol (E2) significantly promotes H19 transcription via ERβ and elevates H19 expression. Silencing of H19 inhibits E2-induced sphere formation ability. Furthermore, H19 acting as a competitive endogenous RNA sequesters miRNA-3126-5p to reciprocally release ERβ expression. ERβ depletion reverses H19-induced stem-like properties upon E2 treatment. Appropriately, ERβ is upregulated in PTC tissue specimens. Notably, aspirin attenuates E2-induced cancer stem-like traits through decreasing both H19 and ERβ expression. Collectively, our findings reveal that ERβ-H19 positive feedback loop has a compelling role in PTCSC maintenance under E2 treatment and provides a potential therapeutic targeting strategy for PTC.
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47
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Bailey PC, Lee RM, Vitolo MI, Pratt SJP, Ory E, Chakrabarti K, Lee CJ, Thompson KN, Martin SS. Single-Cell Tracking of Breast Cancer Cells Enables Prediction of Sphere Formation from Early Cell Divisions. iScience 2018; 8:29-39. [PMID: 30268511 PMCID: PMC6170521 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammosphere assay has become widely employed to quantify stem-like cells in a population. However, the problem is there is no standard protocol employed by the field. Cell seeding densities of 1,000 to 100,000 cells/mL have been reported. These high densities lead to cellular aggregation. To address this, we have individually tracked 1,127 single MCF-7 and 696 single T47D human breast tumor cells by eye over the course of 14 days. This tracking has given us detailed information for the commonly used endpoints of 5, 7, and 14 days that is unclouded by cellular aggregation. This includes mean sphere sizes, sphere-forming efficiencies, and a well-defined minimum size for both lines. Importantly, we have correlated early cell division with eventual sphere formation. At 24 hr post seeding, we can predict the total spheres on day 14 with 98% accuracy in both lines. This approach removes cell aggregation and potentially shortens a 5- to 14-day assay to a 24 hours. Single-cell tracking removes confounding aggregation from the mammosphere assay Tracking reveals sphere-forming efficiencies much higher than commonly reported True clonal spheres are smaller than commonly reported At 24 hours, tracking can predict total day 14 spheres with 98% accuracy
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Bailey
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Rachel M Lee
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Michele I Vitolo
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stephen J P Pratt
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Eleanor Ory
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kristi Chakrabarti
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Cornell J Lee
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Keyata N Thompson
- Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Stuart S Martin
- Graduate Program in Biochemistry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 800 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; University of Maryland School of Medicine, Bressler Research Building Rm 10-29, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 22 S. Greene St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA; Department of Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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48
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Guillette TC, Jackson TW, Belcher SM. Duality of estrogen receptor β action in cancer progression. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 41:66-73. [PMID: 29772419 PMCID: PMC8008732 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The physiological actions of estrogens are primarily mediated by the nuclear hormone receptors estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ). Activities of these nuclear steroid hormone receptors in etiology and progression of many hormone-responsive cancers are well-established, yet the specific role of each receptor, and their various expressed isoforms, in estrogen-responsive cancers remains unclear. Recent advances in nuclear receptor profiling, characterization of expressed splice variants, and the availability of new experimental cancer models, has extended the understanding of the complex interplay between the differentially expressed nuclear estrogen receptors. In this review, we discuss proposed roles of ERβ in several subtypes of cancers that lack significant ERα expression and define current understanding of how different ERs collaborate to regulate cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Guillette
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA
| | - Thomas W Jackson
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA
| | - Scott M Belcher
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, 127 David Clark Labs Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA.
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Mills JN, Rutkovsky AC, Giordano A. Mechanisms of resistance in estrogen receptor positive breast cancer: overcoming resistance to tamoxifen/aromatase inhibitors. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2018; 41:59-65. [PMID: 29719270 PMCID: PMC6454890 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2018.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Several mechanisms of resistance have been identified, underscoring the complex nature of estrogen receptor (ER) signaling and the many connections between this pathway and other essential signaling pathways in breast cancer cells. Many therapeutic targets of cell signaling and cell cycle pathways have met success with endocrine therapy and remain an ongoing area of investigation. This review focuses on two major pathways that have recently emerged as important opportunities for therapeutic intervention in endocrine resistant breast tumors: PI3K/AKT/mTOR cell signaling and cyclinD1/cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 cell cycle pathways. Additionally, we highlight individual and combination strategies in current clinical trials that target these pathways and others under investigation for the treatment of ER positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie N Mills
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, 39 Sabin St. MSC 635, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Alex C Rutkovsky
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, 39 Sabin St, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Antonio Giordano
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, 39 Sabin St. MSC 635, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Li J, Wang Y, Jiang T, Xiao H, Song X. Grouped gene selection and multi-classification of acute leukemia via new regularized multinomial regression. Gene 2018; 667:18-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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