3
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Lasater EA, Amin DN, Bannerji R, Mali RS, Barrett K, Rys RN, Oeh J, Lin E, Sterne-Weiler T, Ingalla ER, Go M, Yu SF, Krem MM, Arthur C, Hahn U, Johnston A, Karur V, Khan N, Marlton P, Phillips T, Gritti G, Seymour JF, Tani M, Yuen S, Martin S, Chang MT, Rose CM, Pham VC, Polson AG, Chang Y, Wever C, Johnson NA, Jiang Y, Hirata J, Sampath D, Musick L, Flowers CR, Wertz IE. Targeting MCL-1 and BCL-2 with polatuzumab vedotin and venetoclax overcomes treatment resistance in R/R non-Hodgkin lymphoma: Results from preclinical models and a Phase Ib study. Am J Hematol 2023; 98:449-463. [PMID: 36594167 DOI: 10.1002/ajh.26809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoid neoplasms represents a significant clinical challenge. Here, we identify the pro-survival BCL-2 protein family member MCL-1 as a resistance factor for the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) cell lines and primary NHL samples. Mechanistically, we show that the antibody-drug conjugate polatuzumab vedotin promotes MCL-1 degradation via the ubiquitin/proteasome system. This targeted MCL-1 antagonism, when combined with venetoclax and the anti-CD20 antibodies obinutuzumab or rituximab, results in tumor regressions in preclinical NHL models, which are sustained even off-treatment. In a Phase Ib clinical trial (NCT02611323) of heavily pre-treated patients with relapsed or refractory NHL, 25/33 (76%) patients with follicular lymphoma and 5/17 (29%) patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma achieved complete or partial responses with an acceptable safety profile when treated with the recommended Phase II dose of polatuzumab vedotin in combination with venetoclax and an anti-CD20 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Lasater
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Dhara N Amin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rajat Bannerji
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Raghuveer Singh Mali
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kathy Barrett
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ryan N Rys
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jason Oeh
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eva Lin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tim Sterne-Weiler
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ellen Rei Ingalla
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - MaryAnn Go
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shang-Fan Yu
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Maxwell M Krem
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Chris Arthur
- Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH), Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Uwe Hahn
- The Queen Elizabeth Hospital (TQEH), Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Anna Johnston
- Royal Hobart Hospital (RHH), Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Vinit Karur
- Baylor Scott & White Healthcare, Temple, Texas, USA
| | - Nadia Khan
- Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paula Marlton
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, and University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tycel Phillips
- University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Giuseppe Gritti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - John F Seymour
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica Tani
- Ospedale S. Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy
| | - Sam Yuen
- Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Scott Martin
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Matthew T Chang
- Department of Oncology Bioinformatics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher M Rose
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Victoria C Pham
- Department of Microchemistry, Proteomics and Lipidomics, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew G Polson
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - YiMeng Chang
- Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
| | - Claudia Wever
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nathalie A Johnson
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Yanwen Jiang
- Department of Biomarker Development, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jamie Hirata
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Deepak Sampath
- Department of Translational Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lisa Musick
- Product Development Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Christopher R Flowers
- Department of Lymphoma and Myeloma, UT MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ingrid E Wertz
- Department of Discovery Oncology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA.,Department of Early Discovery Biochemistry, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Rimsza L, Fedoriw Y, Staudt LM, Melnick A, Gascoyne R, Crump M, Baizer L, Fu K, Hsi E, Chan JWC, McShane L, Leonard JP, Kahl BS, Little RF, Friedberg JW, Kostakoglu L. General Biomarker Recommendations for Lymphoma. J Natl Cancer Inst 2016; 108:djw250. [PMID: 27986882 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djw250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphoid malignancies are a heterogeneous group of tumors that have distinctive clinical and biological behaviors. The increasing prevalence of disease reflects both treatment advances and the fact that some of these tumors are indolent. The ability to determine treatment needs at diagnosis remains problematic for some of the tumors, such as in follicular lymphomas. Major clinical advances will likely depend on precision oncology that will enable identification of specific disease entities, prognostic determination at diagnosis, and identification of precise therapeutic targets and essential pathways. However, refinement in diagnostic evaluation is an evolving science. The ability to determine prognosis at diagnosis is variable, and for many of the lymphoid malignancies prognosis can only be made after initial treatment. Clinical trials that aim to evaluate specific features of these diseases are required in order to advance clinical practice that meaningfully addresses this important public health challenge. Herein, we describe the process and general recommendation from the National Cancer Institute (NCI) clinical trials planning meeting in November 2014 to address clinical trial design and biomarker proposals in the context of NCI-supported lymphoma clinical trials in the National Clinical Trials Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Rimsza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK).
| | - Yuri Fedoriw
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Louis M Staudt
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Ari Melnick
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Randy Gascoyne
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Michael Crump
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Lawrence Baizer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Kai Fu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Eric Hsi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - John W C Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Lisa McShane
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - John P Leonard
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Brad S Kahl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Richard F Little
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Jonathan W Friedberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
| | - Lale Kostakoglu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (LR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina Medical School, Chapel Hill, NC (YF), Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LMS), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (AM), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, British Columbia Cancer Agency, Vancouver, BC, Canada (RG), Clinical Cancer Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada (MC), Coordinating Center for Clinical Trials, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LB), Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE (KF), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH (ED), Department of Pathology, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA (JWCC), Biometrics Research Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (LM), Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY (JPL), Department of Medicine, Oncology Division, Washington University, St. Louis, MO (BSK), Clinical Investigations Branch, Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD (RFL), Wilmot Cancer Center and Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY (JWF), Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai Medical Center New York, NY (LK)
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