1
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Witt ST, Brown A, Gravelsins L, Engström M, Classon E, Lykke N, Åvall-Lundqvist E, Theodorsson E, Ernerudh J, Kjölhede P, Einstein G. Gray matter volume in women with the BRCA mutation with and without ovarian removal: evidence for increased risk of late-life Alzheimer's disease or dementia. Menopause 2024; 31:608-616. [PMID: 38688467 DOI: 10.1097/gme.0000000000002361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovarian removal prior to spontaneous/natural menopause (SM) is associated with increased risk of late life dementias including Alzheimer's disease. This increased risk may be related to the sudden and early loss of endogenous estradiol. Women with breast cancer gene mutations (BRCAm) are counseled to undergo oophorectomy prior to SM to significantly reduce their risk of developing breast, ovarian, and cervical cancers. There is limited evidence of the neurological effects of ovarian removal prior to the age of SM showing women without the BRCAm had cortical thinning in medial temporal lobe structures. A second study in women with BRCAm and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy (BSO) noted changes in cognition. METHODS The present, cross-sectional study examined whole-brain differences in gray matter (GM) volume using high-resolution, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging in women with BRCAm and intact ovaries (BRCA-preBSO [study cohort with BRCA mutation prior to oophorectomy]; n = 9) and after surgery with (BSO + estradiol-based therapy [ERT]; n = 10) and without (BSO; n = 10) postsurgical estradiol hormone therapy compared with age-matched women (age-matched controls; n = 10) with their ovaries. RESULTS The BRCA-preBSO and BSO groups showed significantly lower GM volume in the left medial temporal and frontal lobe structures. BSO + ERT exhibited few areas of lower GM volume compared with age-matched controls. Novel to this study, we also observed that all three BRCAm groups exhibited significantly higher GM volume compared with age-matched controls, suggesting continued plasticity. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence, through lower GM volume, to support both the possibility that the BRCAm, alone, and early life BSO may play a role in increasing the risk for late-life dementia. At least for BRCAm with BSO, postsurgical ERT seems to ameliorate GM losses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alana Brown
- Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Elisabet Classon
- Department of Acute Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Division of Prevention, Rehabilitation and Community Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Nina Lykke
- Thematic Studies, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Elisabeth Åvall-Lundqvist
- Department of Oncology in Linköping and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Elvar Theodorsson
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Jan Ernerudh
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Sweden
| | - Preben Kjölhede
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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2
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Neven J, Issayama LK, Dewachter I, Wilson DM. Genomic stress and impaired DNA repair in Alzheimer disease. DNA Repair (Amst) 2024; 139:103678. [PMID: 38669748 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2024.103678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most prominent form of dementia and has received considerable attention due to its growing burden on economic, healthcare and basic societal infrastructures. The two major neuropathological hallmarks of AD, i.e., extracellular amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide plaques and intracellular hyperphosphorylated Tau neurofibrillary tangles, have been the focus of much research, with an eye on understanding underlying disease mechanisms and identifying novel therapeutic avenues. One often overlooked aspect of AD is how Aβ and Tau may, through indirect and direct mechanisms, affect genome integrity. Herein, we review evidence that Aβ and Tau abnormalities induce excessive genomic stress and impair genome maintenance mechanisms, events that can promote DNA damage-induced neuronal cell loss and associated brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Neven
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Luidy Kazuo Issayama
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - Ilse Dewachter
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt 3500, Belgium
| | - David M Wilson
- Hasselt University, Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt 3500, Belgium.
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3
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Lee HJ, Choi HJ, Jeong YJ, Na YH, Hong JT, Han JM, Hoe HS, Lim KH. Developing theragnostics for Alzheimer's disease: Insights from cancer treatment. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 269:131925. [PMID: 38685540 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The prevalence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its associated economic and societal burdens are on the rise, but there are no curative treatments for AD. Interestingly, this neurodegenerative disease shares several biological and pathophysiological features with cancer, including cell-cycle dysregulation, angiogenesis, mitochondrial dysfunction, protein misfolding, and DNA damage. However, the genetic factors contributing to the overlap in biological processes between cancer and AD have not been actively studied. In this review, we discuss the shared biological features of cancer and AD, the molecular targets of anticancer drugs, and therapeutic approaches. First, we outline the common biological features of cancer and AD. Second, we describe several anticancer drugs, their molecular targets, and their effects on AD pathology. Finally, we discuss how protein-protein interactions (PPIs), receptor inhibition, immunotherapy, and gene therapy can be exploited for the cure and management of both cancer and AD. Collectively, this review provides insights for the development of AD theragnostics based on cancer drugs and molecular targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Ju Lee
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Jeong Choi
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Joo Jeong
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Na
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Tae Hong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Min Han
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyang-Sook Hoe
- Korea Brain Research Institute (KBRI), 61, Cheomdan-ro, Dong-gu, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea; Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology (DGIST), 333, Techno jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-eup, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 42988, Republic of Korea.
| | - Key-Hwan Lim
- College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju-si 28160, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Cho SB. Comorbidity Genes of Alzheimer's Disease and Type 2 Diabetes Associated with Memory and Cognitive Function. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2211. [PMID: 38396891 PMCID: PMC10889845 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are comorbidities that result from the sharing of common genes. The molecular background of comorbidities can provide clues for the development of treatment and management strategies. Here, the common genes involved in the development of the two diseases and in memory and cognitive function are reviewed. Network clustering based on protein-protein interaction network identified tightly connected gene clusters that have an impact on memory and cognition among the comorbidity genes of AD and T2DM. Genes with functional implications were intensively reviewed and relevant evidence summarized. Gene information will be useful in the discovery of biomarkers and the identification of tentative therapeutic targets for AD and T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Beom Cho
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, Gachon University, 38-13, Dokgeom-ro 3 Street, Namdon-gu, Incheon 21565, Republic of Korea
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5
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Valdes Angues R, Perea Bustos Y. SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and the Multi-Hit Hypothesis of Oncogenesis. Cureus 2023; 15:e50703. [PMID: 38234925 PMCID: PMC10792266 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex and dynamic disease. The "hallmarks of cancer" were proposed by Hanahan and Weinberg (2000) as a group of biological competencies that human cells attain as they progress from normalcy to neoplastic transformation. These competencies include self-sufficiency in proliferative signaling, insensitivity to growth-suppressive signals and immune surveillance, the ability to evade cell death, enabling replicative immortality, reprogramming energy metabolism, inducing angiogenesis, and activating tissue invasion and metastasis. Underlying these competencies are genome instability, which expedites their acquisition, and inflammation, which fosters their function(s). Additionally, cancer exhibits another dimension of complexity: a heterogeneous repertoire of infiltrating and resident host cells, secreted factors, and extracellular matrix, known as the tumor microenvironment, that through a dynamic and reciprocal relationship with cancer cells supports immortality, local invasion, and metastatic dissemination. This staggering intricacy calls for caution when advising all people with cancer (or a previous history of cancer) to receive the COVID-19 primary vaccine series plus additional booster doses. Moreover, because these patients were not included in the pivotal clinical trials, considerable uncertainty remains regarding vaccine efficacy, safety, and the risk of interactions with anticancer therapies, which could reduce the value and innocuity of either medical treatment. After reviewing the available literature, we are particularly concerned that certain COVID-19 vaccines may generate a pro-tumorigenic milieu (i.e., a specific environment that could lead to neoplastic transformation) that predisposes some (stable) oncologic patients and survivors to cancer progression, recurrence, and/or metastasis. This hypothesis is based on biological plausibility and fulfillment of the multi-hit hypothesis of oncogenesis (i.e., induction of lymphopenia and inflammation, downregulation of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression, activation of oncogenic cascades, sequestration of tumor suppressor proteins, dysregulation of the RNA-G quadruplex-protein binding system, alteration of type I interferon responses, unsilencing of retrotransposable elements, etc.) together with growing evidence and safety reports filed to Vaccine Adverse Effects Report System (VAERS) suggesting that some cancer patients experienced disease exacerbation or recurrence following COVID-19 vaccination. In light of the above and because some of these concerns (i.e., alteration of oncogenic pathways, promotion of inflammatory cascades, and dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin system) also apply to cancer patients infected with SARS-CoV-2, we encourage the scientific and medical community to urgently evaluate the impact of both COVID-19 and COVID-19 vaccination on cancer biology and tumor registries, adjusting public health recommendations accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Valdes Angues
- Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University School of Medicine, Portland, USA
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6
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Ferreira MJC, Soares Martins T, Alves SR, Rosa IM, Vogelgsang J, Hansen N, Wiltfang J, da Cruz E Silva OAB, Vitorino R, Henriques AG. Bioinformatic analysis of the SPs and NFTs proteomes unravel putative biomarker candidates for Alzheimer's disease. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2200515. [PMID: 37062942 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202200515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Aging is the main risk factor for the appearance of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is the most common form of dementia, characterized by the presence of senile plaques (SPs) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), the main histopathological hallmarks in AD brains. The core of these deposits are predominantly amyloid fibrils in SPs and hyperphosphorylated Tau protein in NFTs, but other molecular components can be found associated with these pathological lesions. Herein, an extensive literature review was carried out to obtain the SPs and NFTs proteomes, followed by a bioinformatic analysis and further putative biomarker validation. For SPs, 857 proteins were recovered, and, for NFTs, 627 proteins of which 375 occur in both groups and represent the common proteome. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis permitted the identification of biological processes and the molecular functions most associated with these lesions. Analysis of the SPs and NFTs common proteins unraveled pathways and molecular targets linking both histopathological events. Further, validation of a putative phosphotarget arising from the in silico analysis was performed in serum-derived extracellular vesicles from AD patients. This bioinformatic approach contributed to the identification of putative molecular targets, valuable for AD diagnostic or therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Cardoso Ferreira
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Soares Martins
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Steven R Alves
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ilka Martins Rosa
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Jonathan Vogelgsang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Niels Hansen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Jens Wiltfang
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Goettingen (UMG), Georg-August University, Goettingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Goettingen, Germany
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui Vitorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Gabriela Henriques
- Neurosciences and Signaling Group, Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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7
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Kurochkina N, Sapio MR, Iadarola MJ, Hall BE, Kulkarni AB. Multiprotein Assemblies, Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation in Neuronal Cytoskeleton. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.21.545989. [PMID: 37502949 PMCID: PMC10370197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.21.545989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Filament systems are comprised of fibrous and globular cytoskeletal proteins and are key elements regulating cell shape, rigidity, and dynamics. The cellular localization and assembly of neurofilaments depend on phosphorylation by kinases. The involvement of the BRCA1 (Breast cancer associated protein 1)/BARD1 (BRCA1-associated RING domain 1) pathways in Alzheimer disease (AD) is suggested by colocalization studies. In particular, BRCA1 accumulation within neurofibrillary tangles and colocalization with tau aggregates in the cytoplasm of AD patients implicates the involvement of mutant forms of BRCA1/BARD1 proteins in disease pathogenesis. The purpose of this study is to show that the location of mutations in the translated BARD1, specifically within ankyrin repeats, has strong correlation with the Cdk5 motifs for phosphorylation. Mapping of the mutation sites on the protein's three-dimensional structure and estimation of the backbone dihedral angles show transitions between the canonical helical and extended conformations of the tetrapeptide sequence of ankyrin repeats. Clustering of mutations in BARD1 ankyrin repeats near the N-termini of the helices with T/SXXH motifs provides a basis for conformational transitions that might be necessary to ensure the compatibility of the substrate with active site geometry and accessibility of the substrate to the kinase. Ankyrin repeats are interaction sites for phosphorylation-dependent dynamic assembly of proteins including those involved in transcription regulation and signaling, and present potential targets for the design of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalya Kurochkina
- Department of Biophysics, The School of Theoretical Modeling, Washington, DC, 20006, USA
| | - Matthew R. Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bradford E Hall
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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8
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Castillo-Velázquez R, Martínez-Morales F, Castañeda-Delgado JE, García-Hernández MH, Herrera-Mayorga V, Paredes-Sánchez FA, Rivera G, Rivas-Santiago B, Lara-Ramírez EE. Bioinformatic prediction of the molecular links between Alzheimer's disease and diabetes mellitus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14738. [PMID: 36778155 PMCID: PMC9912946 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) are chronic degenerative diseases with complex molecular processes that are potentially interconnected. The aim of this work was to predict the potential molecular links between AD and DM2 from different sources of biological information. Materials and Methods In this work, data mining of nine databases (DisGeNET, Ensembl, OMIM, Protein Data Bank, The Human Protein Atlas, UniProt, Gene Expression Omnibus, Human Cell Atlas, and PubMed) was performed to identify gene and protein information that was shared in AD and DM2. Next, the information was mapped to human protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks based on experimental data using the STRING web platform. Then, gene ontology biological process (GOBP) and pathway analyses with EnrichR showed its specific and shared biological process and pathway deregulations. Finally, potential biomarkers and drug targets were predicted with the Metascape platform. Results A total of 1,551 genes shared in AD and DM2 were identified. The highest average degree of nodes within the PPI was for DM2 (average = 2.97), followed by AD (average degree = 2.35). GOBP for AD was related to specific transcriptional and translation genetic terms occurring in neurons cells. The GOBP and pathway information for the association AD-DM2 were linked mainly to bioenergetics and cytokine signaling. Within the AD-DM2 association, 10 hub proteins were identified, seven of which were predicted to be present in plasma and exhibit pharmacological interaction with monoclonal antibodies in use, anticancer drugs, and flavonoid derivatives. Conclusion Our data mining and analysis strategy showed that there are a plenty of biological information based on experiments that links AD and DM2, which could provide a rational guide to design further diagnosis and treatment for AD and DM2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Castillo-Velázquez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México,Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud y Biomedicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Flavio Martínez-Morales
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Julio E. Castañeda-Delgado
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México,Investigadores por México, CONACYT, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Mariana H. García-Hernández
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Verónica Herrera-Mayorga
- Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Mante, Universidad Autónoma de Tamaulipas, Mante, Tamaulipas, México
| | | | - Gildardo Rivera
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
| | - Bruno Rivas-Santiago
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México
| | - Edgar E. Lara-Ramírez
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica de Zacatecas, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, México,Laboratorio de Biotecnología Farmacéutica, Centro de Biotecnología Genómica, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Reynosa, Tamaulipas, México
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9
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Lai Y, Lin H, Chen M, Lin X, Wu L, Zhao Y, Lin F, Lin C. Integration of bulk RNA sequencing and single-cell analysis reveals a global landscape of DNA damage response in the immune environment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1115202. [PMID: 36895559 PMCID: PMC9989175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1115202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We developed a novel system for quantifying DNA damage response (DDR) to help diagnose and predict the risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods We thoroughly estimated the DDR patterns in AD patients Using 179 DDR regulators. Single-cell techniques were conducted to validate the DDR levels and intercellular communications in cognitively impaired patients. The consensus clustering algorithm was utilized to group 167 AD patients into diverse subgroups after a WGCNA approach was employed to discover DDR-related lncRNAs. The distinctions between the categories in terms of clinical characteristics, DDR levels, biological behaviors, and immunological characteristics were evaluated. For the purpose of choosing distinctive lncRNAs associated with DDR, four machine learning algorithms, including LASSO, SVM-RFE, RF, and XGBoost, were utilized. A risk model was established based on the characteristic lncRNAs. Results The progression of AD was highly correlated with DDR levels. Single-cell studies confirmed that DDR activity was lower in cognitively impaired patients and was mainly enriched in T cells and B cells. DDR-related lncRNAs were discovered based on gene expression, and two different heterogeneous subtypes (C1 and C2) were identified. DDR C1 belonged to the non-immune phenotype, while DDR C2 was regarded as the immune phenotype. Based on various machine learning techniques, four distinctive lncRNAs associated with DDR, including FBXO30-DT, TBX2-AS1, ADAMTS9-AS2, and MEG3 were discovered. The 4-lncRNA based riskScore demonstrated acceptable efficacy in the diagnosis of AD and offered significant clinical advantages to AD patients. The riskScore ultimately divided AD patients into low- and high-risk categories. In comparison to the low-risk group, high-risk patients showed lower DDR activity, accompanied by higher levels of immune infiltration and immunological score. The prospective medications for the treatment of AD patients with low and high risk also included arachidonyltrifluoromethane and TTNPB, respectively. Conclusions In conclusion, immunological microenvironment and disease progression in AD patients were significantly predicted by DDR-associated genes and lncRNAs. A theoretical underpinning for the individualized treatment of AD patients was provided by the suggested genetic subtypes and risk model based on DDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Lai
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Han Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Manli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xin Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yinan Zhao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Fan Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunjin Lin
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Center for Geriatrics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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10
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Zimmer-Bensch G, Zempel H. DNA Methylation in Genetic and Sporadic Forms of Neurodegeneration: Lessons from Alzheimer's, Related Tauopathies and Genetic Tauopathies. Cells 2021; 10:3064. [PMID: 34831288 PMCID: PMC8624300 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and sporadic forms of tauopathies, the most prevalent of which is Alzheimer's Disease, are a scourge of the aging society, and in the case of genetic forms, can also affect children and young adults. All tauopathies share ectopic expression, mislocalization, or aggregation of the microtubule associated protein TAU, encoded by the MAPT gene. As TAU is a neuronal protein widely expressed in the CNS, the overwhelming majority of tauopathies are neurological disorders. They are characterized by cognitive dysfunction often leading to dementia, and are frequently accompanied by movement abnormalities such as parkinsonism. Tauopathies can lead to severe neurological deficits and premature death. For some tauopathies there is a clear genetic cause and/or an epigenetic contribution. However, for several others the disease etiology is unclear, with few tauopathies being environmentally triggered. Here, we review current knowledge of tauopathies listing known genetic and important sporadic forms of these disease. Further, we discuss how DNA methylation as a major epigenetic mechanism emerges to be involved in the disease pathophysiology of Alzheimer's, and related genetic and non-genetic tauopathies. Finally, we debate the application of epigenetic signatures in peripheral blood samples as diagnostic tools and usages of epigenetic therapy strategies for these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Zimmer-Bensch
- Functional Epigenetics in the Animal Model, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Research Training Group 2416 MultiSenses-MultiScales, Institute for Biology II, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Zempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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11
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Sinsky J, Pichlerova K, Hanes J. Tau Protein Interaction Partners and Their Roles in Alzheimer's Disease and Other Tauopathies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:9207. [PMID: 34502116 PMCID: PMC8431036 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tau protein plays a critical role in the assembly, stabilization, and modulation of microtubules, which are important for the normal function of neurons and the brain. In diseased conditions, several pathological modifications of tau protein manifest. These changes lead to tau protein aggregation and the formation of paired helical filaments (PHF) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), which are common hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. The accumulation of PHFs and NFTs results in impairment of physiological functions, apoptosis, and neuronal loss, which is reflected as cognitive impairment, and in the late stages of the disease, leads to death. The causes of this pathological transformation of tau protein haven't been fully understood yet. In both physiological and pathological conditions, tau interacts with several proteins which maintain their proper function or can participate in their pathological modifications. Interaction partners of tau protein and associated molecular pathways can either initiate and drive the tau pathology or can act neuroprotective, by reducing pathological tau proteins or inflammation. In this review, we focus on the tau as a multifunctional protein and its known interacting partners active in regulations of different processes and the roles of these proteins in Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jozef Hanes
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 10 Bratislava, Slovakia; (J.S.); (K.P.)
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12
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Leung E, Hazrati LN. Breast cancer type 1 and neurodegeneration: consequences of deficient DNA repair. Brain Commun 2021; 3:fcab117. [PMID: 34222870 PMCID: PMC8242133 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous cellular processes, including toxic protein aggregation and oxidative stress, have been studied extensively as potential mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration. However, limited therapeutic efficacy targeting these processes has prompted other mechanisms to be explored. Previous research has emphasized a link between cellular senescence and neurodegeneration, where senescence induced by excess DNA damage and deficient DNA repair results in structural and functional changes that ultimately contribute to brain dysfunction and increased vulnerability for neurodegeneration. Specific DNA repair proteins, such as breast cancer type 1, have been associated with both stress-induced senescence and neurodegenerative diseases, however, specific mechanisms remain unclear. Therefore, this review explores DNA damage-induced senescence in the brain as a driver of neurodegeneration, with particular focus on breast cancer type 1, and its potential contribution to sex-specific differences associated with neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Leung
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Lili-Naz Hazrati
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 Kings College Cir, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
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13
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Crosstalk between Different DNA Repair Pathways Contributes to Neurodegenerative Diseases. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10020163. [PMID: 33669593 PMCID: PMC7922961 DOI: 10.3390/biology10020163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Constant exposure to endogenous and environmental factors induces oxidative stress and DNA damage. Rare brain disorders caused by defects in DNA repair and DNA damage response (DDR) signaling establish that failure to process DNA damage may lead to neurodegeneration. In this review, we present mechanisms that link DDR with neurodegeneration in these disorders and discuss their relevance for common age-related neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Moreover, we highlight recent insight into the crosstalk between the DDR and other cellular processes known to be disturbed during NDDs. Abstract Genomic integrity is maintained by DNA repair and the DNA damage response (DDR). Defects in certain DNA repair genes give rise to many rare progressive neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), such as ocular motor ataxia, Huntington disease (HD), and spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA). Dysregulation or dysfunction of DDR is also proposed to contribute to more common NDDs, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). Here, we present mechanisms that link DDR with neurodegeneration in rare NDDs caused by defects in the DDR and discuss the relevance for more common age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Moreover, we highlight recent insight into the crosstalk between the DDR and other cellular processes known to be disturbed during NDDs. We compare the strengths and limitations of established model systems to model human NDDs, ranging from C. elegans and mouse models towards advanced stem cell-based 3D models.
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Colnaghi L, Rondelli D, Muzi-Falconi M, Sertic S. Tau and DNA Damage in Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2020; 10:E946. [PMID: 33297375 PMCID: PMC7762255 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10120946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders are a family of incurable conditions. Among them, Alzheimer's disease and tauopathies are the most common. Pathological features of these two disorders are synaptic loss, neuronal cell death and increased DNA damage. A key pathological protein for the onset and progression of the conditions is the protein tau, a microtubule-binding protein highly expressed in neurons and encoded by the MAPT (microtubule-associated protein tau) gene. Tau is predominantly a cytosolic protein that interacts with numerous other proteins and molecules. Recent findings, however, have highlighted new and unexpected roles for tau in the nucleus of neuronal cells. This review summarizes the functions of tau in the metabolism of DNA, describing them in the context of the disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Colnaghi
- Department of Molecular Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Via Negri 2, 20156 Milan, Italy
| | - Diego Rondelli
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.R.); (M.M.-F.)
| | - Marco Muzi-Falconi
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.R.); (M.M.-F.)
| | - Sarah Sertic
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milan, Italy; (D.R.); (M.M.-F.)
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15
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Contributions of DNA Damage to Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21051666. [PMID: 32121304 PMCID: PMC7084447 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative disease. Its typical pathology consists of extracellular amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles. Mutations in the APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes increase Aβ production and aggregation, and thus cause early onset or familial AD. Even with this strong genetic evidence, recent studies support AD to result from complex etiological alterations. Among them, aging is the strongest risk factor for the vast majority of AD cases: Sporadic late onset AD (LOAD). Accumulation of DNA damage is a well-established aging factor. In this regard, a large amount of evidence reveals DNA damage as a critical pathological cause of AD. Clinically, DNA damage is accumulated in brains of AD patients. Genetically, defects in DNA damage repair resulted from mutations in the BRAC1 and other DNA damage repair genes occur in AD brain and facilitate the pathogenesis. Abnormalities in DNA damage repair can be used as diagnostic biomarkers for AD. In this review, we discuss the association, the causative potential, and the biomarker values of DNA damage in AD pathogenesis.
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16
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Kurihara M, Mano T, Saito Y, Murayama S, Toda T, Iwata A. Colocalization of BRCA1 with Tau Aggregates in Human Tauopathies. Brain Sci 2019; 10:brainsci10010007. [PMID: 31861888 PMCID: PMC7016802 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanism of neuronal dysfunction via tau aggregation in tauopathy patients is controversial. In Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we previously reported mislocalization of the DNA repair nuclear protein BRCA1, its coaggregation with tau, and the possible importance of the subsequent DNA repair dysfunction. However, whether this dysfunction in BRCA1 also occurs in other tauopathies is unknown. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether BRCA1 colocalizes with tau aggregates in the cytoplasm in the brains of the patients with tauopathy. We evaluated four AD, two Pick’s disease (PiD), three progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), three corticobasal degeneration (CBD), four normal control, and four disease control autopsy brains. Immunohistochemistry was performed using antibodies against BRCA1 and phosphorylated tau (AT8). Colocalization was confirmed by immunofluorescence double staining. Colocalization of BRCA1 with tau aggregates was observed in neurofibrillary tangles and neuropil threads in AD, pick bodies in PiD, and globose neurofibrillary tangles and glial coiled bodies in PSP. However, only partial colocalization was observed in tuft-shaped astrocytes in PSP, and no colocalization was observed in CBD. Mislocalization of BRCA1 was not observed in disease controls. BRCA1 was mislocalized to the cytoplasm and colocalized with tau aggregates in not only AD but also in PiD and PSP. Mislocalization of BRCA1 by tau aggregates may be involved in the pathogenesis of PiD and PSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kurihara
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (M.K.)
- Research Fellow, Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mano
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (M.K.)
| | - Yuko Saito
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeo Murayama
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology (the Brain Bank for Aging Research), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (M.K.)
| | - Atsushi Iwata
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan; (M.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5800-8672
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