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Le TTT, Issabakhsh M, Li Y, María Sánchez-Romero L, Tan J, Meza R, Levy D, Mendez D. Are the Relevant Risk Factors Being Adequately Captured in Empirical Studies of Smoking Initiation? A Machine Learning Analysis Based on the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1481-1488. [PMID: 37099744 PMCID: PMC10347975 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntad066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cigarette smoking continues to pose a threat to public health. Identifying individual risk factors for smoking initiation is essential to further mitigate this epidemic. To the best of our knowledge, no study today has used machine learning (ML) techniques to automatically uncover informative predictors of smoking onset among adults using the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study. AIMS AND METHODS In this work, we employed random forest paired with Recursive Feature Elimination to identify relevant PATH variables that predict smoking initiation among adults who have never smoked at baseline between two consecutive PATH waves. We included all potentially informative baseline variables in wave 1 (wave 4) to predict past 30-day smoking status in wave 2 (wave 5). Using the first and most recent pairs of PATH waves was found sufficient to identify the key risk factors of smoking initiation and test their robustness over time. The eXtreme Gradient Boosting method was employed to test the quality of these selected variables. RESULTS As a result, classification models suggested about 60 informative PATH variables among many candidate variables in each baseline wave. With these selected predictors, the resulting models have a high discriminatory power with the area under the specificity-sensitivity curves of around 80%. We examined the chosen variables and discovered important features. Across the considered waves, two factors, (1) BMI, and (2) dental and oral health status, robustly appeared as important predictors of smoking initiation, besides other well-established predictors. CONCLUSIONS Our work demonstrates that ML methods are useful to predict smoking initiation with high accuracy, identifying novel smoking initiation predictors, and to enhance our understanding of tobacco use behaviors. IMPLICATIONS Understanding individual risk factors for smoking initiation is essential to prevent smoking initiation. With this methodology, a set of the most informative predictors of smoking onset in the PATH data were identified. Besides reconfirming well-known risk factors, the findings suggested additional predictors of smoking initiation that have been overlooked in previous work. More studies that focus on the newly discovered factors (BMI and dental and oral health status,) are needed to confirm their predictive power against the onset of smoking as well as determine the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy T T Le
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mona Issabakhsh
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Yameng Li
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Jiale Tan
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rafael Meza
- Integrative Oncology, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver BC, USA
| | - David Levy
- Department of Oncology, School of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - David Mendez
- Department of Health Management and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Lacroix E, Smith AJ, Husain IA, Orth U, von Ranson KM. Normative body image development: A longitudinal meta-analysis of mean-level change. Body Image 2023; 45:238-264. [PMID: 36965235 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis synthesized longitudinal data on mean-level change in body image, focusing on the constructs of body satisfaction and dissatisfaction, body esteem, perceived attractiveness, valuation, self-objectification, and body shame. We searched five databases and accessed unpublished data to identify studies that assessed body image at two or more time points over six months or longer. Analyses were based on data from 142 samples representing a total of 128,254 participants. The age associated with the midpoint of measurement intervals ranged from 6 to 54 years. Multilevel metaregression models examined standardized yearly mean change, and the potential moderators of body image construct, gender, birth cohort, attrition rate, age, and time lag. Boys and men showed fluctuations in overall body image with net-improvements between ages 10 and 24. Girls and women showed worsening body image between ages 10 and 16, but improvements between ages 16 and 24. Change was greatest between ages 10 and 14, and stabilized around age 24. We found no effect of construct, birth cohort, or attrition rate. Results suggest a need to revise understandings of normative body image development: sensitive periods may occur somewhat earlier than previously believed, and body image may show mean-level improvements during certain age ranges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lacroix
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 38 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada.
| | - Alyssa J Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Incé A Husain
- Department of Psychology, University of New Brunswick, 38 Dineen Dr., Fredericton, NB E3B 5A3, Canada
| | - Ulrich Orth
- Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kristin M von Ranson
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
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Salarzadeh Jenatabadi H, Shamsi NA, Ng BK, Abdullah NA, Mentri KAC. Adolescent Obesity Modeling: A Framework of Socio-Economic Analysis on Public Health. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9080925. [PMID: 34442062 PMCID: PMC8392515 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling (SEM-Bayesian) was applied across different research areas to model the correlation between manifest and latent variables. The primary purpose of this study is to introduce a new framework of complexity to adolescent obesity modeling based on adolescent lifestyle through the application of SEM-Bayesian. The introduced model was designed based on the relationships among several factors: household socioeconomic status, healthy food intake, unhealthy food intake, lifestyle, body mass index (BMI) and body fat. One of the main contributions of this study is from considering both BMI and body fat as dependent variables. To demonstrate the reliability of the model, especially in terms of its fitting and accuracy, real-time data were extracted and analyzed across 881 adolescents from secondary schools in Tehran, Iran. The output of this study may be helpful for researchers who are interested in adolescent obesity modeling based on the lifestyle and household socioeconomic status of adolescents.
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Associations Between Quality of Life, Psychosocial Well-being and Health-Related Behaviors Among Adolescents in Chinese, Japanese, Taiwanese, Thai and the Filipino Populations: A Cross-Sectional Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072402. [PMID: 32244727 PMCID: PMC7177547 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Health-related behaviors during adolescence have lifelong impacts. However, there are unclear areas regarding the associations between health-related quality of life and demographic characteristics, as well as physical and psychosocial indicators. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between quality of life and body weight, sleep outcome, social support by age, and cohabitants, given that income, self-esteem, lifestyle, emotional, social and behavioral problems were taken into account among adolescents in East and Southeast Asia. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Zhengzhou of China, Hong Kong, Kansai region of Japan, Taipei of Taiwan, Bangkok of Thailand and Manila of the Philippines between 2016 and 2017 among 21,359 urban adolescents aged between 9 and 16. The results showed that adolescents who had better self-esteem and control of emotions and behaviors had much higher level of perceived quality of life. Those who were overweight or obese, sleepy in the daytime, and not living with parents had worse quality of life compared with those who were not. In conclusion, psychosocial well-being should have a higher priority in the promotion of quality of life among Asian adolescents. Nevertheless, further studies are required to explore the differences in perceived quality of life between genders and countries.
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Barbosa Filho VC, Bandeira ADS, Minatto G, Linard JG, Silva JAD, Costa RMD, Manta SW, Sá SAMD, Matias TS, Silva KSD. Effect of a Multicomponent Intervention on Lifestyle Factors among Brazilian Adolescents from Low Human Development Index Areas: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020267. [PMID: 30669291 PMCID: PMC6352556 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Promoting healthy lifestyle factors (e.g., physical activity, healthy eating, less screen time) among young people is a relevant and challenging step toward reducing non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a multicomponent intervention on lifestyle factors among adolescents from schools in low Human Development Index (HDI < 0.500) areas. The Fortaleça sua Saúde program was conducted with 548 adolescents aged 11–18 years old in the intervention group and 537 in the control group. The four-month intervention included strategies focused on training teachers, new opportunities for physical activity in the school environment, and health education strategies for the school community (including parents). Moderate- to-vigorous physical activity level (≥420 min/week), TV watching and computer use/gaming (<2 h/day), daily consumption of fruit juice, fruit, vegetables, soft drinks, savory foods and sweets, and current alcohol and tobacco use were measured before and after intervention. McNemar’s test and logistic regression (odds ratio [OR] and a 95% confidence interval [95% CI]) were used, considering p < 0.05. In the intervention schools, a significant increase occurred in the number of adolescents who met physical activity guidelines (5.3%; 95% CI = 0.8; 9.8) and who reported using computer for <2 h a day (8.6%; 95% CI = 3.8; 13.4) after intervention. No changes were observed in the control schools. At the end of the intervention, adolescents from intervention schools were more likely to practice physical activity at recommended levels (OR = 1.44; 95% CI = 1.00; 2.08) than adolescents from control schools. No significant change was observed for the other lifestyle factors. In conclusion, this multicomponent intervention was effective in promoting physical activity among adolescents from vulnerable areas. However, other lifestyle factors showed no significant change after intervention. This study is registered at Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02439827.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Cordeiro Barbosa Filho
- Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, 63870-000 Boa Viagem, Brazil.
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, Ceara State University, 60741-000 Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Alexsandra da Silva Bandeira
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-000 Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Giseli Minatto
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-000 Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Jair Gomes Linard
- Post-graduate Program in Collective Health, Ceara State University, 60741-000 Fortaleza, Brazil.
| | - Jaqueline Aragoni da Silva
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-000 Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Rafael Martins da Costa
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-000 Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Sofia Wolker Manta
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-000 Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Soraya Anita Mendes de Sá
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-000 Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Sousa Matias
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-000 Florianopolis, Brazil.
| | - Kelly Samara da Silva
- Research Center for Physical Activity and Health, Federal University of Santa Catarina, 88040-000 Florianopolis, Brazil.
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