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Feldman AG, Beaty B, Everitt M, Goebel J, Kempe A, Pratscher L, Danziger-Isakov LA. Survey of pediatric transplant center practices regarding COVID-19 vaccine mandates for transplant candidates and living donors and use of COVID-19-positive deceased organs. Pediatr Transplant 2023; 27:e14513. [PMID: 36939212 PMCID: PMC10509306 DOI: 10.1111/petr.14513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for individuals ages ≥6 months; however, whether vaccination should be mandated for transplant candidates and living donors remains controversial. This study assessed COVID-19 policies at US pediatric solid organ transplant centers. METHODS A 79-item survey was emailed between March and April 2022 to 200 UNOS Medical Directors detailing center COVID-19 vaccine policies for transplant candidates and living donors and use of grafts from COVID-19-positive deceased donors. RESULTS The response rate was 77% (154/200). For children aged 5-15 years, 23% (35/154 centers) have a COVID-19 vaccine mandate, 27% (42/154) anticipate implementing a future mandate, and 47% (72/154) have not considered or do not anticipate implementing a mandate. For children ≥16 years, 32% (50/154 centers) have a COVID-19 vaccine mandate, 25% (39/154) anticipate implementing a future mandate, and 40% (62/154) have not considered or do not anticipate implementing a mandate. The top two reasons for not implementing a COVID-19 vaccine mandate were concerns about penalizing a child for their parent's decision and worsening inequities in transplant. Of 85 kidney and liver living donor centers, 32% (27/85) require vaccination of donors. Twenty percent (31/154) of centers accept organs from COVID-19-positive deceased donors. CONCLUSIONS There is great variation among pediatric SOT centers in both the implementation and details of COVID-19 vaccine mandates for candidates and living donors. To guide more uniform policies, further data are needed on COVID-19 disease, vaccine efficacy, and use of grafts from donors positive for COVID-19 in the pediatric transplant population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G. Feldman
- Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Pediatric Liver Transplant Center, Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Brenda Beaty
- Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Melanie Everitt
- Pediatric Heart Transplant Program, Section of Pediatric Cardiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jens Goebel
- Pediatrics and Human Development, Section of Pediatric Nephrology, Helen DeVos Children’s Hospital, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, Michigan, USA
| | - Allison Kempe
- Department of Pediatrics, Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science (ACCORDS), University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Lara A. Danziger-Isakov
- Immunocompromised Host Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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Soeiro EMD, Penido MGMG, Palma LMP, Bresolin NL, Lima EJDF, Koch VHK, Tavares MDS, Sylvestre L, Bernardes RDP, Garcia CD, de Andrade MC, Kaufman A, Chow CYZ, Martins SBS, Camargo SFDN. The challenges of the pandemic and the vaccination against covid-19 in pediatric patients with kidney disease. J Bras Nefrol 2023; 45:244-251. [PMID: 36282106 PMCID: PMC10627141 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0081en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The covid-19 vaccine confers direct protection and reduces transmission rates of the virus and new variants. Vaccines from Pfizer/BioNTech and CoronaVac have been cleared for children in Brazil. They are safe, effective, and immunogenic. There are no known complications associated with the use of steroids or vaccines in pediatric patients with covid-19 and nephrotic syndrome. With or without immunosuppression, these patients are not at increased risk of severe covid-19, and steroids are safe for them. A milder form of covid-19 occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease without the need for hospitalization. The vaccine response may be reduced and/or the duration of antibodies after vaccination may be shorter than in the general population. However, considering risk of exposure, vaccination against covid-19 is recommended. It is believed that patients with hemolytic-uremic syndrome are at higher risk of severe covid-19. Vaccination is recommended, although specific data on the safety and efficacy of the covid-19 vaccine are limited. There is agreement that the benefits of induced immunity outweigh the risks of immunization. Vaccination against covid-19 is recommended for children and adolescents needing kidney transplantation or who have undergone transplantation. These patients present decreased immune response after vaccination, but immunization is recommended because the benefits outweigh the risks of vaccination. Current recommendations in Brazil stipulate the use of the messenger RNA vaccine. This paper aims to provide pediatric nephrologists with the latest knowledge about vaccination against covid-19 for children with kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Vera Hermina Kalika Koch
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP, Instituto da
Criança e do Adolescente, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Sousa Tavares
- Santa Casa de Belo Horizonte, Centro de Nefrologia, Unidade de
Nefrologia Pediátrica, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Clotilde Druck Garcia
- Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Santa
Casa de Porto Alegre, Serviço de Pediátrica, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Arnauld Kaufman
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Rio de
Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil
- Grupo Assistência Médica Nefrológica, Rio de Janeiro, RJ,
Brazil
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Soeiro EMD, Penido MGMG, Palma LMP, Bresolin NL, Lima EJDF, Koch VHK, Tavares MDS, Sylvestre L, Bernardes RDP, Garcia CD, Andrade MCD, Kaufman A, Chow CYZ, Martins SBS, Camargo SFDN. Os desafios da pandemia e a vacinação covid-19 na população pediátrica com doenças renais. J Bras Nefrol 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0081pt] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Resumo A vacina covid-19 confere proteção direta, reduz as taxas de transmissão do vírus e de novas variantes. No Brasil, estão liberadas para a população pediátrica as vacinas Pfizer/BioNTech e a CoronaVac, ambas seguras, eficazes e imunogênicas. Pacientes pediátricos com síndrome nefrótica e covid-19 têm curso clínico regular sem complicações relacionadas ao uso de esteroides ou vacinas. Esses pacientes, com ou sem imunossupressão, não apresentam maior risco de covid-19 grave e o tratamento com esteroides é seguro. Os pacientes com doença renal crônica têm covid-19 mais leve, sem necessidade de hospitalização. A resposta vacinal pode ser reduzida e/ou a duração dos anticorpos pós-vacinação pode ser menor do que na população geral. Entretanto, a vacina covid-19 está recomendada, considerando o risco de exposição. Acredita-se que pacientes com síndrome hemolítico-urêmica teriam maior risco de covid-19 grave. A vacina é recomendada, embora dados específicos sobre segurança e eficácia da vacina covid-19 sejam limitados. Há concordância que os benefícios da imunidade induzida superam quaisquer riscos da imunização. A vacina covid-19 é recomendada para crianças e adolescentes candidatos ao transplante renal ou já transplantados. Esses pacientes têm resposta imunológica reduzida após a vacina, entretanto ela é recomendada porque os benefícios superam qualquer risco dessa vacinação. A recomendação atual no Brasil é a vacina de tecnologia RNA mensageiro. O objetivo deste documento é levar aos nefrologistas pediátricos os conhecimentos mais recentes sobre a vacinação contra contra-19 em crianças com doenças renais.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Arnauld Kaufman
- Instituto de Puericultura e Pediatria Martagão Gesteira, Brazil; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Hospital Federal dos Servidores do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Grupo Assistência Médica Nefrológica, Brazil
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Safety and Humoral and Cellular Immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine in Liver-Transplanted Adolescents Compared to Healthy Adolescents. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10081324. [PMID: 36016212 PMCID: PMC9413008 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10081324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Since BNT162b2 was approved to prevent COVID-19 in children, we aim to compare the safety and immunogenicity of the BNT162b2 vaccine in liver-transplanted (LT) and healthy adolescents. LT and healthy adolescents received two doses of 30 µg of BNT162b2. All were evaluated for total COVID-19 antibodies directed against the receptor-binding domain (RBD) and interferon-γ using the ELISpot at all time points; anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin was evaluated at week 8 and the surrogate virus-neutralizing antibody (sVN) to Omicron at day 0 and week 8. Adverse effects were recorded during days 0−7. In total, 16 LT and 27 healthy adolescents were enrolled (aged 14.78 ± 1.70 years). After completion, all LT and healthy adolescents were positive for anti-RBD immunoglobulin, with geometric mean titers of 1511.37 (95% CI 720.22−3171.59) and 6311.90 (95% CI 4955.46−8039.64)) U/mL (p < 0.001). All tested negative for anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulin, indicating no COVID-19 infection after vaccination. However, the sVNs to Omicron were positive in only nine (33.33%) healthy adolescents and none of the LT adolescents. Interferon-γ-secreting cells were lower in LT adolescents than healthy adolescents. The LT adolescents had a lower immunogenic response to BNT162b2 than the healthy adolescents. Administrating two doses of BNT162b2 was safe, but was less effective against the Omicron variant.
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Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has significantly impacted all aspects of healthcare including solid organ transplantation. In this review, we discuss the specific impact of COVID-19 on the pediatric solid organ transplant population including access to grafts for pediatric transplant candidates as well as COVID-19 disease manifestations in pediatric transplant recipients. We address the current knowledge of prevention and management of COVID-19 in pediatric transplant recipients and provide additional information regarding social distancing, infection prevention and return to school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy G Feldman
- Pediatric Liver Transplant Center, Section of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Health Institute, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Lara A Danziger-Isakov
- Immunocompromised Host Infectious Disease, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 7017, Cincinnati, OH 45229, United States.
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