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Kataoka T, Naoe S, Murakami K, Yukimine R, Fujimoto Y, Kanzaki N, Sakoda A, Mitsunobu F, Yamaoka K. Mechanisms of action of radon therapy on cytokine levels in normal mice and rheumatoid arthritis mouse model. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2022; 70:154-159. [PMID: 35400822 PMCID: PMC8921724 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The typical indication of radon therapy is rheumatoid arthritis. Although there are several reports that radon therapy has regulation effects on Th17 cells, there has been no study reporting that radon inhalation affects the immune balance among Th1, Th2, and Th17. The purpose of this study is to examine the cytokine changes after radon inhalation. BALB/c mice inhaled radon at 2,000 Bq/m3 for 2 or 4 weeks. SKG/Jcl mice inhaled radon at 2,000 Bq/m3 for 4 weeks after zymosan administration. The results showed that radon inhalation for 4 weeks activated the immune response of Th1, Th2, and Th17. Moreover, the balance among them was not lost by radon inhalation. Radon inhalation for 4 weeks decreased superoxide dismutase activity and increased catalase activity in spleen. These findings suggest that an imbalance of oxidative stress may contribute to activate the immune response. Although zymosan administration activated Th17 immune response and decreased Th1 and Th2 immune response in SKG/Jcl mice, most cytokines related to Th1, Th2, and Th17 approached the normal level by radon inhalation. These findings suggested that radon inhalation has a different action between SKG/Jcl mice and normal BABL/c mice. This may indicate that radon inhalation has an immunomodulation function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kataoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shota Naoe
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kaito Murakami
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ryohei Yukimine
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Fujimoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Norie Kanzaki
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakoda
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Mitsunobu
- Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Kataoka T, Kanzaki N, Sakoda A, Shuto H, Yano J, Naoe S, Tanaka H, Hanamoto K, Terato H, Mitsunobu F, Yamaoka K. Evaluation of the redox state in mouse organs following radon inhalation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2021; 62:206-216. [PMID: 33503655 PMCID: PMC7948851 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rraa129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Radon inhalation activates antioxidative functions in mouse organs, thereby contributing to inhibition of oxidative stress-induced damage. However, the specific redox state of each organ after radon inhalation has not been reported. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the redox state of various organs in mice following radon inhalation at concentrations of 2 or 20 kBq/m3 for 1, 3 or 10 days. Scatter plots were used to evaluate the relationship between antioxidative function and oxidative stress by principal component analysis (PCA) of data from control mice subjected to sham inhalation. The results of principal component (PC) 1 showed that the liver and kidney had high antioxidant capacity; the results of PC2 showed that the brain, pancreas and stomach had low antioxidant capacities and low lipid peroxide (LPO) content, whereas the lungs, heart, small intestine and large intestine had high LPO content but low antioxidant capacities. Furthermore, using the PCA of each obtained cluster, we observed altered correlation coefficients related to glutathione, hydrogen peroxide and LPO for all groups following radon inhalation. Correlation coefficients related to superoxide dismutase in organs with a low antioxidant capacity were also changed. These findings suggested that radon inhalation could alter the redox state in organs; however, its characteristics were dependent on the total antioxidant capacity of the organs as well as the radon concentration and inhalation time. The insights obtained from this study could be useful for developing therapeutic strategies targeting individual organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kataoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Norie Kanzaki
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Akihiro Sakoda
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Hina Shuto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Junki Yano
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shota Naoe
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tanaka
- Ningyo-toge Environmental Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 1550 Kamisaibara, Kagamino-cho, Tomata-gun, Okayama 708-0698, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hanamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Terato
- Advanced Science Research Center, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Mitsunobu
- Graduate School of Medicine Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikata-cho 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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Yamaoka K, Kataoka T. Confirmation of efficacy, elucidation of mechanism, and new search for indications of radon therapy. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2021; 70:87-92. [PMID: 35400814 PMCID: PMC8921726 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.21-85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Indications of radon therapy include various diseases related to respiratory, painful, digestive, chronic degenerative, senile, etc. derived from reactive oxygen species, but most are based on empirical prescriptions. For this reason, we have evaluated the relation between the biological response caused by radon and the tissue/organ absorbed dose more quantitatively, and have promoted the elucidation of mechanisms related to the indication and searching newly. As a result, as a mechanism, a series of moderate physiological stimulative effects accompanying a small amount of oxidative stress by radon inhalation are being elucidated. That is, hyperfunction of anti-oxidation/immune regulation/damage repair, promotion of anti-inflammation/circulating metabolism/hormone secretion, induction of apoptosis/heat shock protein, etc. Also, new indications include inflammatory/neuropathic pain, hepatic/renal injury, colitis, type 1 diabetes, complication kidney injury, hyperuricemia, transient cerebral ischemia, and inflammatory edema. Furthermore, we examined the combined antioxidant effect of radon inhalation and antioxidants or therapeutic agents. As a result, it was clear that any combination treatment could enhance the suppression effect of disease. It can be expected that radon therapy can be used effectively by applying it in addition to usual treatment, since reduction in its dosage can also be expected by concomitant use for drugs with strong side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyonori Yamaoka
- Health Sciences, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University
| | - Takahiro Kataoka
- Health Sciences, Institute of Academic and Research, Okayama University
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Maier A, Wiedemann J, Rapp F, Papenfuß F, Rödel F, Hehlgans S, Gaipl US, Kraft G, Fournier C, Frey B. Radon Exposure-Therapeutic Effect and Cancer Risk. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010316. [PMID: 33396815 PMCID: PMC7796069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Largely unnoticed, all life on earth is constantly exposed to low levels of ionizing radiation. Radon, an imperceptible natural occurring radioactive noble gas, contributes as the largest single fraction to radiation exposure from natural sources. For that reason, radon represents a major issue for radiation protection. Nevertheless, radon is also applied for the therapy of inflammatory and degenerative diseases in galleries and spas to many thousand patients a year. In either case, chronic environmental exposure or therapy, the effect of radon on the organism exposed is still under investigation at all levels of interaction. This includes the physical stage of diffusion and energy deposition by radioactive decay of radon and its progeny and the biological stage of initiating and propagating a physiologic response or inducing cancer after chronic exposure. The purpose of this manuscript is to comprehensively review the current knowledge of radon and its progeny on physical background, associated cancer risk and potential therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Maier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Julia Wiedemann
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Felicitas Rapp
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Franziska Papenfuß
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Franz Rödel
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Stephanie Hehlgans
- Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (F.R.); (S.H.)
| | - Udo S. Gaipl
- Translational Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
| | - Gerhard Kraft
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudia Fournier
- Biophysics Department, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany; (A.M.); (J.W.); (F.R.); (F.P.); (G.K.); (C.F.)
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Translational Radiation Biology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Piao C, Tian M, Gao H, Gao Y, Ruan J, Wu L, Gao G, Yi L, Liu J. Effects of Radon From Hot Springs on Lymphocyte Subsets in Peripheral Blood. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820902338. [PMID: 32071595 PMCID: PMC6997968 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820902338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To analyze changes in immune functions by detecting lymphocyte subsets in the
peripheral blood of residents in the vicinity of radon from hot springs. Methods: Two groups were randomly selected; 61 residents in the vicinity of the hot
springs were assigned to the radon group, and 51 residents with a similar
lifestyle and habits but no contact with hot springs were assigned to the
control group. The percentages of lymphocyte subsets (CD3+,
CD4+CD8−, CD4−CD8+,
CD4+/CD8+, and TCR/CD3) in the 2 groups were
evaluated on a FACS Aria flow cytometer. The absolute values of lymphocytes
(LYMPH#) and percentages of lymphocytes (LYMPH%) were measured by an
automatic blood analyzer. Results: In the radon group, the numbers of CD3+ (Z =
−0.140, P > .05) and CD4+CD8−
(Z = −0.964, P > .05) T cells were
higher, as compared with the controls, but this difference was not
significant. In addition, the number of CD4−CD8+
(t = −2.141, P < .05) T cells was
significantly lower in the radon group. Furthermore, the average ratios of
CD4+/CD8+ (t = −2.201,
P < .05) and TCR/CD3 (t = 2.047,
P < .05) cells were significantly higher in the
radon group than in the controls. Compared with the control group, the
LYMPH# (t = −0.485, P > .05) and LYMPH%
(Z = −0.835, P > .05) showed no significant change. Conclusion: Radon-rich hot springs could alter the proportions of lymphocyte subsets and
possibly affect immunologic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunnan Piao
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Tian
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Gao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Emergency General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanxiao Gao
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianlei Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lina Wu
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Gao
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Lirong Yi
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Okolo KO, Orisakwe OE, Siminialayi IM. Dietary supplementation of Pleurotus tuber regium in rat feed ameliorates metabolic and hematotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2020; 31:/j/jbcpp.ahead-of-print/jbcpp-2019-0188/jbcpp-2019-0188.xml. [PMID: 31926083 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2019-0188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Pleurotus tuber regium, a wild edible mushroom can reduce free radical-mediated injury and oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) via improvement of antioxidant capacity. This work evaluates the protective effects of this mushroom against the metabolic and hematological toxicity induced by CCl4. Sixty male Sprague Dawley rats were divided into six groups (n = 10). Group I received olive oil (3 mL/kg) i.p. twice weekly for 13 weeks, while maintaining free access to food and water ad libitum (negative control). Group II received 3 mL/kg (30% CCl4 in olive oil) injected i.p. twice weekly, while Groups III, IV, and V received 100, 200, and 500 mg wild edible P. tuber regium (33.3% in feed) daily in addition to 3 mL/kg CCl4 in olive oil injected twice weekly i.p. Group VI received olive oil (3 mL/kg) i.p. twice weekly for 13 weeks in addition to 500 mg P. tuber regium (33.3% in feed) daily. The body weight (b.w.), feed intake (FI), and water intake (WI) were obtained weekly, while the hematological indices and oxidative stress parameters were carried out shortly after necropsy on days 30, 60, and 90. Treatment with CCl4 significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the b.w., FI and WI, feed efficiency, ascorbic acid, α-tocopherol, and antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase, total glutathione, and peroxidase, while increasing the oxidative stress as measured by malondialdehyde in CCl4 only group when compared with control. Supplementation of feed with P. tuber regium reversed the effects of CCl4. Pleurotus tuber regium ameliorated the CCl4-induced metabolic and hematotoxicity by improving the antioxidant capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Obinna Okolo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Madonna University, Port Harcourt, Elele Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Toxicology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Iyeopu Minakiri Siminialayi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Yanxiao G, Mei T, Gang G, Xiaochun W, Jianxiang L. Changes of 8-OHdG and TrxR in the Residents Who Bathe in Radon Hot Springs. Dose Response 2019; 17:1559325818820974. [PMID: 30670939 PMCID: PMC6327335 DOI: 10.1177/1559325818820974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of long-term bathing in radon hot springs on oxidative damage and antioxidation function in humans. In this study, blood was collected from residents in the Pingshan radon hot spring area (RHSA), Jiangzha RHSA, and control area (CA). 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), representing oxidation and antioxidant levels, respectively, were analyzed as indices. Compared to the CA group, the RHSA group in the Pingshan and Jiangzha areas showed significantly decreased 8-OHdG levels (Z = -3.350, -3.316, respectively, P < .05) and increased TrxR levels (Z = 2.394, 3.773, respectively, P < .05). The RHSA and CA groups in Jiangzha had lower levels of TrxR and 8-OHdG compared to those in Pingshan. This finding may be related to the different radon concentration levels, bathing time and other factors. Results suggested that long-term bathing in radon hot spring may activate antioxidant function and reduce oxidative damage in the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao Yanxiao
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Department of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Tian Mei
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Department of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Gao Gang
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Department of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Wang Xiaochun
- Beijing Institute of Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Jianxiang
- Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency, Department of Radiation Epidemiology, National Institute for Radiological Protection, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Kanzaki N, Kataoka T, Etani R, Sasaoka K, Kanagawa A, Yamaoka K. Analysis of liver damage from radon, X-ray, or alcohol treatments in mice using a self-organizing map. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:33-40. [PMID: 27614200 PMCID: PMC5321189 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In our previous studies, we found that low-dose radiation inhibits oxidative stress-induced diseases due to increased antioxidants. Although these effects of low-dose radiation were demonstrated, further research was needed to clarify the effects. However, the analysis of oxidative stress is challenging, especially that of low levels of oxidative stress, because antioxidative substances are intricately involved. Thus, we proposed an approach for analysing oxidative liver damage via use of a self-organizing map (SOM)-a novel and comprehensive technique for evaluating hepatic and antioxidative function. Mice were treated with radon inhalation, irradiated with X-rays, or subjected to intraperitoneal injection of alcohol. We evaluated the oxidative damage levels in the liver from the SOM results for hepatic function and antioxidative substances. The results showed that the effects of low-dose irradiation (radon inhalation at a concentration of up to 2000 Bq/m3, or X-irradiation at a dose of up to 2.0 Gy) were comparable with the effect of alcohol administration at 0.5 g/kg bodyweight. Analysis using the SOM to discriminate small changes was made possible by its ability to 'learn' to adapt to unexpected changes. Moreover, when using a spherical SOM, the method comprehensively examined liver damage by radon, X-ray, and alcohol. We found that the types of liver damage caused by radon, X-rays, and alcohol have different characteristics. Therefore, our approaches would be useful as a method for evaluating oxidative liver damage caused by radon, X-rays and alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikatacho, 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kataoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikatacho, 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Reo Etani
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikatacho, 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Kaori Sasaoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikatacho, 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kanagawa
- Faculty of Computer Science and System Engineering, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja-shi, Okayama 719-1197, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, 5-1 Shikatacho, 2-chome, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
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9
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Kataoka T, Etani R, Kanzaki N, Sasaoka K, Kobashi Y, Hanamoto K, Taguchi T, Yamaoka K. Evaluating the protective effects of radon inhalation or ascorbic acid treatment after transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2016.1198731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kataoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Reo Etani
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Norie Kanzaki
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kaori Sasaoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kobashi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Katsumi Hanamoto
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Takehito Taguchi
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyonori Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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10
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Etani R, Kataoka T, Nishiyama Y, Takata Y, Yamaoka K. Combined effects of radon inhalation and antioxidant vitamin administration on acute alcohol-induced hepatopathy in mice. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2015.1014875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Wu TK, Wei CW, Pan YR, Cherng SH, Chang WJ, Wang HF, Yu YL. Vitamin C attenuates the toxic effect of aristolochic acid on renal tubular cells via decreasing oxidative stress‑mediated cell death pathways. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6086-92. [PMID: 26239057 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Aristolochic acid (AA) is a component of Chinese medicinal herbs, including asarum and aristolochia and has been used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for a long time. Recent studies found that AA has a cytotoxic effect resulting in nephropathy. These studies indicated that AA‑induced cytotoxicity is associated with increases in oxidative stress and caspase‑3 activation. The present study further demonstrated that AA mainly elevates the H2O2 ratio, leading to increases in oxidative stress. Furthermore, the results indicated that AA induces cell death can via caspase‑dependent and ‑independent pathways. It is desirable to identify means of inhibiting AA‑induced renal damage; therefore, the present study applied an anti‑oxidative nutrient, vitamin C, to test whether it can be employed to reduce AA‑induced cell cytotoxicity. The results showed that vitamin C decreased AA‑induced H2O2 levels, caspase‑3 activity and cytotoxicity in renal tubular cells. In conclusion, the present study was the first to demonstrate that AA‑induced increases of the H2O2 ratio resulted in renal tubular cell death via caspase‑dependent and ‑independent pathways, and that vitamin C can decrease AA‑induced increases in H2O2 levels and caspase‑3 activity to attenuate AA‑induced cell cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Kun Wu
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Chyou-Wei Wei
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Ying-Ru Pan
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Shur-Hueih Cherng
- Deparment of Biotechnology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wei-Jung Chang
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- Deparment of Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung 433, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Yung-Luen Yu
- The Ph.D. Program for Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, China Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taichung 404, Taiwan, R.O.C
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12
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Radon inhalation protects against transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils. Inflammation 2015; 37:1675-82. [PMID: 24792782 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-014-9896-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Although brain disorders are not the main indication for radon therapy, our previous study suggested that radon inhalation therapy might mitigate brain disorders. In this study, we assessed whether radon inhalation protects against transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils. Gerbils were treated with inhaled radon at a concentration of 2,000 Bq/m(3) for 24 h. After radon inhalation, transient global cerebral ischemia was induced by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery. Results showed that transient global cerebral ischemia induced neuronal damage in hippocampal CA1, and the number of damaged neurons was significantly increased compared with control. However, radon treatment inhibited ischemic damage. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the radon-treated gerbil brain was significantly higher than that in sham-operated gerbils. These findings suggested that radon inhalation activates antioxidative function, especially SOD, thereby inhibiting transient global cerebral ischemic injury in gerbils.
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13
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Zhu X, Xiao Z, Chen X, Li Y, Zhang X, Xu Y, Feng X, Wang J. Parenteral nutrition-associated liver injury and increased GRP94 expression prevented by ω-3 fish oil-based lipid emulsion supplementation. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2014; 59:708-13. [PMID: 25199039 PMCID: PMC4255760 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000000558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parenteral nutrition in infants with gastrointestinal disorders can be lifesaving, but it is also associated with parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease. We investigated the effects of incorporating ω-3 fish oil in a parenteral nutrition mixture on signs of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease and explored the mechanism involved in this process. METHODS Seven-day-old New Zealand rabbits were divided into 3 groups of 8, and for 1 week they were infused via the right jugular vein with standard total parenteral nutrition with soybean oil (TPN-soy) or TPN with ω-3 fish oil-based lipid emulsion (TPN-FO), or naturally nursed with rabbit milk (control). Serum and liver tissues were analyzed for serological indicators and pathology, respectively. Reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the messenger RNA levels of the endoplasmic reticulum stress chaperone protein glucose-regulated protein 94 (GRP94) in liver tissues and GRP94 protein levels were compared through immunohistochemistry and Western blot assays. RESULTS TPN-soy animals had significantly higher serum total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and lower serum albumin than the controls (P < 0.01, each) or the TPN-FO group, which were similar to the controls (P < 0.01 cf. TPN). Damage to liver tissues of the TPN-FO group was much less than that of the TPN-soy group. GRP94 messenger RNA and protein levels in liver tissues of TPN-soy animals were significantly higher than that of the controls or TPN-FO rabbits, which were similar to the controls. CONCLUSIONS Incorporating ω-3 fish oil in parenteral nutrition emulsion greatly prevented liver dysfunction and liver tissue damage in week-old rabbit kits, possibly by preventing endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neonatology Surgery, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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14
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Liu X, Zhang Y, Li J, Wang D, Wu Y, Li Y, Lu Z, Yu SCT, Li R, Yang X. Cognitive deficits and decreased locomotor activity induced by single-walled carbon nanotubes and neuroprotective effects of ascorbic acid. Int J Nanomedicine 2014; 9:823-39. [PMID: 24596461 PMCID: PMC3930484 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s56339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) have shown increasing promise in the field of biomedicine, especially in applications related to the nervous system. However, there are limited studies available on the neurotoxicity of SWCNTs used in vivo. In this study, neurobehavioral changes caused by SWCNTs in mice and oxidative stress were investigated. The results of ethological analysis (Morris water maze and open-field test), brain histopathological examination, and assessments of oxidative stress (reactive oxygen species [ROS], malondialdehyde [MDA], and glutathione [GSH]), inflammation (nuclear factor κB, tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-1β), and apoptosis (cysteine-aspartic acid protease 3) in brains showed that 6.25 and 12.50 mg/kg/day SWCNTs in mice could induce cognitive deficits and decreased locomotor activity, brain histopathological alterations, and increased levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in mouse brains; however, 3.125 mg/kg/day SWCNTs had zero or minor adverse effects in mice, and these effects were blocked by concurrent administration of ascorbic acid. Down-regulation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis were proposed to explain the neuroprotective effects of ascorbic acid. This work suggests SWCNTs could induce cognitive deficits and decreased locomotor activity, and provides a strategy to avoid the adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuchao Zhang
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinquan Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Zhisong Lu
- Institute for Clean Energy and Advanced Materials, Southwest University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Samuel C T Yu
- Division of Environment, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Rui Li
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Yang
- Laboratory of Environmental Biomedicine, Hubei Key Laboratory of Genetic Regulation and Integrative Biology, College of Life Science, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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15
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Kataoka T. Study of antioxidative effects and anti-inflammatory effects in mice due to low-dose X-irradiation or radon inhalation. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2013; 54:587-96. [PMID: 23420683 PMCID: PMC3709669 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrs141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Low-dose irradiation induces various stimulating effects, especially activation of the biological defense system including antioxidative and immune functions. Oxidative stress induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) can cause cell damage and death and can induce many types of diseases. This paper reviews new insights into inhibition of ROS-related diseases with low-dose irradiation or radon inhalation. X-irradiation (0.5 Gy) before or after carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment inhibits hepatopathy in mice. X-irradiation (0.5 Gy) before ischemia-reperfusion injury or cold-induced brain injury also inhibits edema. These findings suggest that low-dose X-irradiation has antioxidative effects due to blocking the damage induced by free radicals or ROS. Moreover, radon inhalation increases superoxide dismutase activity in many organs and inhibits CCl4-induced hepatic and renal damage and streptozotocin-induced type I diabetes. These findings suggest that radon inhalation also has antioxidative effects. This antioxidative effect against CCl4-induced hepatopathy is comparable to treatment with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) at a dose of 500 mg/kg weight, or α-tocopherol (vitamin E) treatment at a dose of 300 mg/kg weight, and is due to activation of antioxidative functions. In addition, radon inhalation inhibits carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw edema, suggesting that radon inhalation has anti-inflammatory effects. Furthermore, radon inhalation inhibits formalin-induced inflammatory pain and chronic constriction injury-induced neuropathic pain, suggesting that radon inhalation relieves pain. Thus, low-dose irradiation very likely activates the defense systems in the body, and therefore, contributes to preventing or reducing ROS-related injuries, which are thought to involve peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kataoka
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
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Nishiyama Y, Kataoka T, Teraoka J, Sakoda A, Tanaka H, Ishimori Y, Mitsunobu F, Taguchi T, Yamaoka K. Suppression of streptozotocin-induced type-1 diabetes in mice by radon inhalation. Physiol Res 2012; 62:57-66. [PMID: 23173687 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We examined the protective effect of radon inhalation on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type-1 diabetes in mice. Mice inhaled radon at concentrations of 1000, 2500, and 5500 Bq/m3 for 24 hours before STZ administration. STZ administration induced characteristics of type-1 diabetes such as hyperglycemia and hypoinsulinemia; however, radon inhalation at doses of 1000 and 5500 Bq/m3 significantly suppressed the elevation of blood glucose in diabetic mice. Serum insulin was significantly higher in mice pre-treated with radon at a dose of 1000 Bq/m3 than in mice treated with a sham. In addition, superoxide dismutase activities and total glutathione contents were significantly higher and lipid peroxide was significantly lower in mice pre-treated with radon at doses of 1000 and 5500 Bq/m3 than in mice treated with a sham. These results were consistent with the result that radon inhalation at 1000 and 5500 Bq/m3 suppressed hyperglycemia. These findings suggested that radon inhalation suppressed STZ-induced type-1 diabetes through the enhancement of antioxidative functions in the pancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nishiyama
- Graduate School of Health Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Inhibitory effects of pretreatment with radon on acute alcohol-induced hepatopathy in mice. Mediators Inflamm 2012; 2012:382801. [PMID: 23213269 PMCID: PMC3505665 DOI: 10.1155/2012/382801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 10/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that radon inhalation activates antioxidative functions in the liver and inhibits carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatopathy in mice. In addition, it has been reported that reactive oxygen species contribute to alcohol-induced hepatopathy. In this study, we examined the inhibitory effects of radon inhalation on acute alcohol-induced hepatopathy in mice. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of 50% alcohol (5 g/kg bodyweight) after inhaling approximately 4000 Bq/m3 radon for 24 h. Alcohol administration significantly increased the activities of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) in serum, and the levels of triglyceride and lipid peroxide in the liver, suggesting acute alcohol-induced hepatopathy. Radon inhalation activated antioxidative functions in the liver. Furthermore, pretreatment with radon inhibited the depression of hepatic functions and antioxidative functions. These findings suggested that radon inhalation activated antioxidative functions in the liver and inhibited acute alcohol-induced hepatopathy in mice.
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