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Yang P, Pachman SL, Schlomer GL, Edin KJ. Direct and Indirect Longitudinal Associations of Mother and Father Engagement in Middle Childhood on Adolescent Externalizing and Internalizing Behaviors. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:1832-1846. [PMID: 38600264 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01982-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Parent engagement is an important aspect of parenting during childhood. However, little is known about the unique longitudinal associations of mother and father engagement with adolescents' externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors. This study uses Future of Families and Child Wellbeing Study data to examine the potential direct and indirect associations of parent engagement at age 9 on adolescent externalizing and internalizing behaviors at age 15. The analytic sample size is 1349, and at age 9, the mean age of children was 9.40 years (SD = 0.37). Forty-eight percent of children were female and 68% of them were from the married families. The results show that while controlling for mother engagement, higher father engagement at age 9 was directly associated with fewer adolescent internalizing behaviors, only among adolescent boys and in married families. In addition, among adolescent boys, father engagement had an indirect association with externalizing behaviors through father-child closeness. Mother engagement, however, is only found to have an indirect association with adolescents' externalizing and internalizing behaviors through maternal hostility (while controlling for father engagement). The results for mother engagement held for boys and in married families only. The findings indicate that both mother and father engagement during childhood is important and helpful to prevent adolescent problem behaviors directly or indirectly via parent-child relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yang
- Center for Research on Child and Family Wellbeing, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
| | - Sarah L Pachman
- Center for Research on Child and Family Wellbeing, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Gabriel L Schlomer
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, SUNY, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Kathryn J Edin
- Center for Research on Child and Family Wellbeing, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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Yang P, Lippold MA, Schlomer GL, Feinberg ME, Fosco GM. Protective Effect of Parental Monitoring on Early-to-Mid Adolescents Displaying High-Level and Increasing Aggressive Behavior. APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL SCIENCE 2023; 28:375-390. [PMID: 39006379 PMCID: PMC11245172 DOI: 10.1080/10888691.2023.2221437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Studies that distinguish parental monitoring (parent-driven behaviors) from parental knowledge often fail to find protective effects of monitoring on adolescent behavior problems. To answer whether parental monitoring is more strongly associated with adolescent behavior problems among adolescents who may need it most, this study applied group-based trajectory modeling to change in early- to mid-adolescent aggressive behavior problems and examined associations between parental monitoring with different subgroups. Three latent groups of adolescents were found: Low Aggression, Medium-Increasing Aggression, and High-Increasing Aggression. Results show that more maternal and paternal monitoring were associated with fewer adolescent aggressive behavior problems only for adolescents in the High-Increasing Group. This result suggests that parental monitoring is a protective factor against adolescent aggressive behavior problems for subgroups of adolescents who may need it most and less impactful for other adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yang
- Center for Research on Child Wellbeing, Princeton University
| | | | - Gabriel L. Schlomer
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, SUNY
| | | | - Gregory M. Fosco
- Prevention Research Center, Pennsylvania State University
- Human Development and Family Studies and Psychology, Pennsylvania State University
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3
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Le DT, Huynh SV, Vu TV, Dang-Thi NT, Nguyen-Duong BT, Duong KA, Mai TN, Huynh TN, Mai PT, Tran-Chi VL. Personality Traits and Aggressive Behavior in Vietnamese Adolescents. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2023; 16:1987-2003. [PMID: 37284555 PMCID: PMC10239631 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s405379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study aims to reveal the relationship between personality characteristics and verbal or physical aggression in Vietnamese adolescents. Patients and Methods We recruited 3003 participants [1498 boys (49.9%) and 1505 girls (50.1%); mean age ± SD = 13.50 ± 0.936] who we tested with the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire - Brief version (EPQ-BV), and Vietnamese Aggression Scale (VAS). A multivariate analysis of variance test, Pearson Correlation, and analyzing mediating variable interaction is used to analyze data. Results The findings suggested a significant interaction between personality traits, specifically extraversion and neuroticism, and physical aggression, verbal aggression, and anger. Students with higher levels of personality had higher levels of verbal aggression, and students with higher levels of physical aggression and anger had stronger personality traits than others and lower levels of physical aggression and anger. Personality traits, specifically extraversion, and neuroticism, differed significantly by gender and school years in adolescence. Mediation analysis revealed a positive and statistically significant indirect correlation between personality traits and physically aggressive behavior, with anger as a mediator. Similarly, a positive and statistically significant indirect correlation between personality traits and verbally aggressive behavior through anger was found. The relationship between personality traits and physical aggression was also significant via verbal aggression and anger. Conclusion This study improved our understanding of personality traits and verbal or physical aggression. Most crucially, physical and verbal aggression mediate personality traits and aggressive conduct. In secondary school, gender and school year affected extraversion and neuroticism. This discovery illuminates personality-based aggressiveness intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Tin Le
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Son Van Huynh
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Truong Vuong Vu
- Faculty of Education, Ha Long University, Ha Long City, Vietnam
| | - Nhu-Thuyen Dang-Thi
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bao-Tran Nguyen-Duong
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Kiet Anh Duong
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tan Ngan Mai
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Nhon Huynh
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Phuc Tan Mai
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vinh-Long Tran-Chi
- Faculty of Psychology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Education, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Scientific Management Department, Dong A University, Da Nang City, Vietnam
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Yang P, Lippold MA, Schlomer GL. Longitudinal Within-Family Association between Parental Monitoring and Adolescent Aggressive Behaviors: Mothering Versus Fathering. THE JOURNAL OF EARLY ADOLESCENCE 2022; 42:885-913. [PMID: 35814871 PMCID: PMC9265180 DOI: 10.1177/02724316221078828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study using PROSPER data (N = 977, age 11.5 to age 15) investigated the longitudinal within-family associations between parent-reported parental monitoring and adolescent aggression. Importantly, this study is the first one to examine parent gender and adolescent gender differences on these within-family associations. Results differed between mothers and fathers. There was a negative, bidirectional within-family association between maternal monitoring and adolescent aggression, such that more maternal monitoring than usual was associated with fewer adolescent aggressive behavior problems than usual within the same family, and vice versa. In contrast, during mid-adolescence, a positive, bidirectional within-family association between paternal monitoring and adolescent males' aggression was found, such that more paternal monitoring than usual was related to more adolescent males' aggression than usual within the same family, and vice versa. Practical implications on intervention strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Yang
- Office of Population Research, Princeton University
| | | | - Gabriel L. Schlomer
- Department of Educational and Counseling Psychology, University at Albany, SUNY
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5
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Golden TL. Innovating Health Research Methods, Part I: A Mixed-Methods Study of Experiences and Perceptions of Violence Among Girls and Young Women. FAMILY & COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022; 45:137-149. [PMID: 35639789 DOI: 10.1097/fch.0000000000000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Accumulating US studies indicate gender inequities in youth violence research and responses. Improving youth health thus requires greater understanding of how girls and young women perceive and experience violence, and gathering such data demands research methods that are trauma-informed and assets-based. This mixed-methods study addresses these dual needs. To support gender equity in youth violence research, it incorporated 4 violence surveys and 3 arts-based methods to examine girls' and young women's experiences and perceptions of violence. Then, to advance trauma-informed, assets-based research, it used study findings to generate an assessment of all methods employed. Results are presented in a 2-part article, with Part II (published separately) detailing the arts-based strategies and assessing all methods. Part I (below) conveys findings from all data sources regarding population experiences, needs, and assets related to violence and safety. Girls and young women reported extensive experiences with violence, and mental health was a prominent challenge, likely exacerbated by persisting threats. Participants' priorities included domestic and intimate partner violence, social isolation, and the necessity of action and change. This study confirms the value of mixed-methods, gender-responsive youth violence research, and of providing processes by which youth can share their stories on and in their own terms. It also provides a template for further use of creative practices to improve data; apply trauma-informed, assets-based strategies; and advance health equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tasha L Golden
- International Arts + Mind Lab, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, and Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky
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6
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Taylor S, Calkins CA, Xia Y, Dalla RL. Adolescent Perceptions of Dating Violence: A Qualitative Study. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:448-468. [PMID: 29294897 DOI: 10.1177/0886260517726969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Scholars have identified dating violence as a public health issue among adolescents. Yet, minimal research has detailed adolescents' perceptions of dating violence, specifically gender differences in perceptions. Research suggests that in order for dating violence prevention and intervention to be effective, services need to be delivered in a manner that is understood by adolescents. Therefore, this study used a qualitative phenomenology study to investigate adolescents' perceptions of dating violence, including gender differences in adolescents' perceptions. Thirty adolescents between the ages of 14 and 19 from a Midwest public high school participated in focus groups. Focus group participants were asked semistructured interview questions regarding the definition of dating violence, risk and protective factors for dating violence, support for victims and perpetrators, and prevention efforts. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis methods, and common themes were identified. Adolescents' language revealed gender differences in perceptions toward dating violence. Males perceive dating violence through action, perpetration, and physical consequences. Females discuss dating violence by relating to the victim and the victim's emotions. Although gender differences existed in participants' perceptions, both males and females explained that dating violence is more often perpetrated by females, despite the view from society that males are more likely to perpetrate dating violence. Findings suggest that schools, practitioners, and policy makers are not meeting the needs of adolescents in regard to dating violence prevention and intervention. Prevention and intervention efforts could be improved by delivering education and services using language that adolescents find relevant. Findings also suggest that adolescents may benefit from prevention and intervention with gender specific components.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yan Xia
- University of Nebraska-Lincoln, USA
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7
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Nordfjaern T. Violence involvement among nightlife patrons: The relative role of demographics and substance use. Aggress Behav 2017; 43:398-407. [PMID: 28078788 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The nightlife setting is a risk context for violence involvement that ultimately may cause severe injuries and fatalities. Few studies have examined associations between alcohol and illicit substance use with physical violence involvement among nightlife patrons. The aim of the current study was to investigate the relative role of demographics and substance use characteristics for nightlife violence involvement among Norwegian nightlife patrons. A cross-sectional self-completion survey was conducted outside 12 licensed premises in Oslo (n = 1099, response rate = 76%) and each respondent's BAC level was measured by a breathalyzer and registered on the questionnaire. A total of 103 individuals (10%) reported that they had been involved in physical violence when they were consuming alcohol in the nightlife setting during the last 12 months. Uni-variate results showed that patrons who had been involved in violence were more likely to present a BAC level above 1.00‰ than those who had not been involved. The prevalence of last year illicit substance use was overall high, especially in the violence-involved group. The most important factors associated with violence involvement in multivariate analysis were a high frequency of last year alcohol intoxication and last year illicit substance use. Women and those with high education had a lower risk of violence involvement. The implications for preventive initiatives are that these need to focus on factors additional to alcohol restrictions. Preventive efforts targeted to specific patron groups and measures targeting patrons who are more likely to use illicit substances may hold promise. Aggr. Behav. 43:398-407, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trond Nordfjaern
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Department of Drug Policy; Oslo Norway
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8
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Christiani Y, Tavener M, Byles JE. Contextualizing urban living as a determinant of women's health in Jakarta, Indonesia. Women Health 2016; 57:1204-1220. [PMID: 27880091 DOI: 10.1080/03630242.2016.1263271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Big cities can offer great opportunities for women to have a better life. At the same time, however, the physical and social environment in cities can negatively affect their health. We conducted focus groups with 24 women (aged 18-72 years) living in Jakarta, Indonesia from October to November 2014. Our aim was to elicit women's experiences of living in Jakarta, including their health and accessing health care. The most frequent health problems reported by women in this study were hypertension and arthritis. Women often gave priority to their family, particularly their children, over themselves and their own health. Discussants also thought that the city's physical and social conditions could affect their health, and that women were more prone to feel stress than men. The results of this study highlight the importance of addressing social determinants of health across the life course, including gender, to improve women's health status. Moreover, multi-sectoral collaboration at the municipal and national level is needed for urban planning to create better living conditions for women in the cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yodi Christiani
- a Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Hunter Medical Research Institute , University of Newcastle , New Lambton Heights , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Meredith Tavener
- a Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Hunter Medical Research Institute , University of Newcastle , New Lambton Heights , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Julie E Byles
- a Priority Research Centre for Gender, Health and Ageing, Hunter Medical Research Institute , University of Newcastle , New Lambton Heights , New South Wales , Australia
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9
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Does Gender Moderate the Relationship between Callous-Unemotional Traits and Physical Aggression? SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 18:E82. [PMID: 26503759 DOI: 10.1017/sjp.2015.86] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The study investigates the interaction effect of callous-unemotional (CU) traits and gender on physical aggression among Nigerian adolescents. Two hundred and ninety five (295) senior secondary school students who were between 14-16 years of age participated in the study. These participants included boys (152) and girls (143). They were selected from a public senior secondary school in Anambra a South Eastern State of Nigeria and all the participants were of Igbo ethnic group. The raw data for Callous-unemotional traits and Physical Aggression were collected using Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) by Frick (2004) and Aggression Scale by Orpinas and Frankowski (2001) respectively. The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation, and conditional process analysis (model number 1; Hayes, 2013). The results showed that gender correlated significantly with uncaring and physical aggression but did not correlate significantly with CU and callousness. The results further showed that gender, CU traits, uncaring and callousness subscales significantly predicted physical aggression. Gender also moderated the effect of CU traits and uncaring on physical aggression, but did not moderate the effect of callousness on physical aggression. The discussion focused on the ways of helping individuals with high level of CU traits to reduce aggression, also the limitations of the study, suggestions for further studies and the implications of the finding were highlighted.
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10
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Stoddard SA, Epstein-Ngo QM, Walton M, Zimmerman M, Chermack S, Blow FC, Booth BM, Cunningham R. Substance use and violence among youth: a daily calendar analysis. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:328-39. [PMID: 25493643 PMCID: PMC4286439 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2014.980953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While researchers have identified factors that contribute to youth violence, less is known about the details of violent incidents. In addition, substance use has been linked to youth violence; however, little is known about actual substance use on days in which violence occurs. OBJECTIVE This study examined reasons for peer violence and the association between substance use and violence using daily calendar-based analyses among at-risk urban youth. METHODS Data were collected from Emergency Department (ED) patients (ages 14-24; n = 599; 59% male, 65% African American) who screened positive for substance use in the past 6 months. Daily data regarding past 30-day substance use and violence and reasons for violent incidents were obtained via semi-structured interviews. Multi-level multinomial regression models were conducted to test the associations between substance use and peer violence incidents (i.e., none, moderate and severe). RESULTS Conflict over 'personal belongings' was a common reason for violence among males; 'jealousy'/'rumors' were common reasons among females. Moderate victimization was more likely to be reported on days in which participants reported alcohol and cocaine use. Severe victimization was more likely to be reported on days in which participants reported alcohol use. Moderate or severe aggression was more likely to be reported on days in which participants reported alcohol and non-medical sedative use. CONCLUSIONS RESULTS suggest that youth violence prevention that addresses differential reasons for violence among males and females as well as substance use would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A. Stoddard
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Quyen M. Epstein-Ngo
- University of Michigan Substance Abuse Research Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Maureen Walton
- University of Michigan Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Marc Zimmerman
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Stephen Chermack
- University of Michigan Addiction Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
- Serious Mental Illness Treatment Research Evaluation Center (SMITREC), VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Frederic C Blow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Brenda M Booth
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Rebecca Cunningham
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, USA
- University of Michigan Injury Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
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Lindstrom Johnson S, Finigan N, Bradshaw C, Haynie D, Cheng TL. Urban African American Parents' Messages about Violence: A Mixed Methods Study. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2012; 28:511-534. [PMID: 26726283 DOI: 10.1177/0743558412447859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Family socialization, which includes parental control and support, plays an important role in reducing the likelihood of adolescent involvement in conflict. This study examined the strategies that urban parents living in neighborhoods with high crime rates suggest to help their adolescent children avoid or deescalate conflict. Data come from 48 African American parent/adolescent dyads recruited through the youths' middle school. Dyads responded to three video-taped scenarios depicting youth in potential conflict situations. Qualitative methods were used to identify 11 strategies parents suggested to help youth avoid or deescalate conflict. Although the majority of parents advocated for non-violent solutions, these same parents described situations in which their child may need to use violence. These findings have important implications for family-focused violence prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Denise Haynie
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Development
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12
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Shuval K, Massey Z, Caughy MO, Cavanaugh B, Pillsbury CA, Groce N. "I live by shooting hill"-a qualitative exploration of conflict and violence among urban youth in New Haven, Connecticut. J Health Care Poor Underserved 2012; 23:132-43. [PMID: 22643467 PMCID: PMC3616634 DOI: 10.1353/hpu.2012.0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate urban youths' perceptions of conflict and violence we conducted a qualitative study among minority urban youths in New Haven, Connecticut. We utilized the ecological framework to explore the multilevel nature of the findings, and triangulated results with a parallel quantitative study. We found risk factors for violence at multiple levels including lack of interpersonal anger management skills (individual level); parents not physically present in the household (relationship level); residence in crime and gang-ridden neighborhoods (community level); and socioeconomic inequalities between neighborhoods, as reflected by participants' perception of the inadequacy of neighborhood resources to provide safety (societal level). Neighborhood resources were perceived as sparse, and police were not regarded as a protective factor (sometimes rather as racially discriminatory). Participants' statements pertaining to feelings of isolation, racism, and violence without strong parental, neighborhood, and school support may impede prosocial attitudes and behaviors throughout adolescence and young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerem Shuval
- Yale-Griffin Prevention Research Center, Yale University, USA.
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13
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Ali B, Swahn MH, Sterling KL. Attitudes about violence and involvement in peer violence among youth: findings from a high-risk community. J Urban Health 2011; 88:1158-74. [PMID: 21785901 PMCID: PMC3232409 DOI: 10.1007/s11524-011-9601-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Peer violence perpetration and victimization are the most common types of violence among youth. This study determined the associations among violent attitudes toward peers, involvement in peer violence perpetration, and experience with peer violence victimization among boys and girls in a high-risk, urban community. Analyses were based on data from the 2004 Youth Violence Survey, which was administered to over 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N = 4,131) in a disadvantaged, urban, school district in the USA. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to test the associations between attitudes in support of violence and involvement in violent behaviors. Results show that among youth, attitudes supporting boys hitting boys significantly increased the odds of peer violence perpetration after controlling for potential confounders (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07, 1.72). However, stratified analyses for boys and girls show that attitudes supporting boys hitting boys increased the odds of peer violence perpetration for girls only after controlling for potential confounders (AOR, 1.49; 95% CI = 1.05, 2.13). The findings demonstrate that there are important differences between boys and girls in terms of their associations with violent attitudes and involvement in actual violent behaviors. However, additional research is needed to determine how attitude modifications can be incorporated into youth violence prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Ali
- Institute of Public Health, Partnership for Urban Health Research, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3995, USA.
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14
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Yonas MA, Burke JG, Rak K, Bennett A, Kelly V, Gielen AC. A picture's worth a thousand words: engaging youth in CBPR using the creative arts. Prog Community Health Partnersh 2011; 3:349-58. [PMID: 20097996 DOI: 10.1353/cpr.0.0090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Engaging youth and incorporating their unique expertise into the research process is important when addressing issues related to their health. Visual Voices is an arts-based participatory data collection method designed to work together with young people and communities to collaboratively elicit, examine, and celebrate the perspectives of youth. OBJECTIVES To present a process for using the creative arts with young people as a participatory data collection method and to give examples of their perspectives on safety and violence. METHODS Using the creative arts, this study examined and illustrates the perspectives of how community factors influence safety and violence. Visual Voices was conducted with a total of 22 African-American youth in two urban neighborhoods. This method included creative arts-based writing, drawing, and painting activities designed to yield culturally relevant data generated and explored by youth. Qualitative data were captured through the creative content of writings, drawings, and paintings created by the youths as well as transcripts from audio recorded group discussion. Data was analyzed for thematic content and triangulated across traditional and nontraditional mediums. Findings were interpreted with participants and shared publicly for further reflection and utilization. CONCLUSION The youth participants identified a range of issues related to community factors, community safety, and violence. Such topics included the role of schools and social networks within the community as safe places and corner stores and abandoned houses as unsafe places. Visual Voices is a creative research method that provides a unique opportunity for youth to generate a range of ideas through access to the multiple creative methods provided. It is an innovative process that generates rich and valuable data about topics of interest and the lived experiences of young community members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Yonas
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Ali B, Swahn M, Hamburger M. Attitudes affecting physical dating violence perpetration and victimization: findings from adolescents in a high-risk urban community. VIOLENCE AND VICTIMS 2011; 26:669-683. [PMID: 22145543 DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.26.5.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the associations between attitudes supporting physical dating violence against boys hitting girls and girls hitting boys and experiences with physical dating violence perpetration and victimization among youth in a high-risk community. Cross-sectional logistic regression analyses are based on data from the Youth Violence Survey, conducted in 2004, and administered to more than 80% of public school students in grades 7, 9, 11, and 12 (N = 4,131) in an urban school district. Findings show that attitudes supporting physical dating violence against boys and girls are significantly associated with physical dating violence perpetration and victimization. Prevention programs that seek to reduce physical dating violence among adolescents may benefit from including sex-specific attitude modification as part of a comprehensive violence prevention approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bina Ali
- Institute of Public Health and the Partnership for Urban Health Research, College of Health and Human Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30302-3995, USA
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Schnitzer S, Bellis MA, Anderson Z, Hughes K, Calafat A, Juan M, Kokkevi A. Nightlife violence: a gender-specific view on risk factors for violence in nightlife settings: a cross-sectional study in nine European countries. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2010; 25:1094-1112. [PMID: 19720869 DOI: 10.1177/0886260509340549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Within nightlife settings, youth violence places large burdens on both nightlife users and wider society. Internationally, research has identified risk factors for nightlife violence. However, few empirical studies have assessed differences in risk factors between genders. Here, a pan-European cross-sectional survey of 1,341 nightlife users aged 16 to 35 assessed a variety of risk-taking traits, including violence, sexual, alcohol, and drug-related current and historic behaviors. Results show that the likelihood of having been involved in a physical fight in nightlife increases with younger age, drunkenness, and increasing preference for tolerant venues for both genders. The odds of involvement in a fight for females who were drunk five or more times in the past 4 weeks were almost five times higher than those who were never drunk (odds ratio for males 1.99). Use of cocaine more than doubled the risk of involvement in violence among males. However, no association was found for females. For heterosexual men, the odds for violence almost doubled compared with bisexual or homosexual men, whereas for women heterosexuality was a protective factor. The effects of structural risk factors (e.g., bar and club characteristics) for nightlife violence differed by gender. To develop effective violence prevention measures in nightlife, considerations need to be made regarding the demographic composition of patrons in addition to wider structural elements within the nighttime environment.
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A Hospital-Based Violence Prevention Tour: A Collaborative Approach to Empower Youth. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 68:289-93. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e3181cb9807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Payne BK, Button DM. Developing a citywide youth violence prevention plan: perceptions of various stakeholders. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OFFENDER THERAPY AND COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY 2009; 53:517-534. [PMID: 18606779 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x08321868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Researchers suggest that violence prevention requires community-wide efforts and partnerships that demonstrate commitment to youth development. Missing from this research, however, are studies considering how these partnerships are formed and how members of various groups involved in these partnerships perceive youth violence prevention. This study sought to fill this void. A series of seven focus group interviews were conducted with 85 stakeholders involved in developing a youth violence prevention plan in one community. Results suggest that the stakeholders were optimistic about developing violence prevention strategies and forging partnerships between various groups. Participants pointed to specific themes that provide a framework for understanding youth violence prevention planning efforts. Implications are provided.
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Karriker-Jaffe KJ, Foshee VA, Ennett ST, Suchindran C. The development of aggression during adolescence: sex differences in trajectories of physical and social aggression among youth in rural areas. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2009; 36:1227-36. [PMID: 18521738 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-008-9245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To describe trajectories of aggressive behaviors for adolescents living in rural areas, we compared the patterns, timing and sex differences in development of physical and social aggression using five waves of data collected from youth in school surveys administered over 2.5 years. The sample (N = 5,151) was 50.0% female, 52.1% Caucasian and 38.2% African-American. Multilevel growth curve models showed that physical and social aggression followed curvilinear trajectories from ages 11 to 18, with increases in each type of aggression followed by subsequent declines. Physical aggression peaked around age 15; social aggression peaked around age 14. Boys consistently perpetrated more physical aggression than girls, but the trajectories were parallel. There were no sex differences in the perpetration of social aggression. Given the characteristics of the developmental trajectories observed, interventions with both boys and girls targeting physically and socially aggressive behaviors are needed in early adolescence to slow the development of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Karriker-Jaffe
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Jones VC, Bradshaw CP, Haynie DL, Simons-Morton BG, Gielen AC, Cheng TL. A Glimpse into Urban Middle Schools on Probation for "Persistently Dangerous" Status: Identifying Malleable Predictors of Fighting. JOURNAL OF SCHOOL VIOLENCE 2009; 8:284-300. [PMID: 20300444 PMCID: PMC2840646 DOI: 10.1080/15388220903129918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The No Child Left Behind Act requires state boards of education to identify schools that are unsafe. Schools that are identified by measures such as suspension and expulsion rates are subsequently labeled "persistently dangerous." To our knowledge there is no published research that attempts to characterize fighting behavior among youth who may attend schools designated as "persistently dangerous." Two hundred and thirteen sixth grade African American boys and girls attending two urban middle schools on probation for "persistently dangerous" status were examined to investigate differences in demographic characteristics of gender and age and predictor factors of non-parental adult mentorship, parental acceptance of fighting behavior, and peer fighting. These analyses suggest a relationship between the number of peers who fight, youth who believed their parents endorse fighting, and youth without non parental adult mentorship were more likely to fight. This study also indicates that regardless of school status there are modifiable predictors associated with early adolescent fighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanya C. Jones
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Suite 2093, Baltimore, Maryland 21287
| | - Cathrine P. Bradshaw
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, suite 831, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Denise L. Haynie
- Prevention Research Branch, DESPR, NICHD, NIH, 6100 Executive Blvd. Rm. 7B13 MSC7510, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Bruce G. Simons-Morton
- Prevention Research Branch, DESPR, NICHD, NIH, 6100 Executive Blvd. Rm. 7B13, Bethesda, Maryland, 20892
| | - Andrea C. Gielen
- Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 624 N. Broadway, Hampton House, suite 554, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205
| | - Tina L. Cheng
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 200 N. Wolfe Street, Rm 2055, Baltimore, MD 21287
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Yonas MA, O'Campo P, Burke JG, Gielen AC. Neighborhood-level factors and youth violence: giving voice to the perceptions of prominent neighborhood individuals. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2006; 34:669-85. [PMID: 16861582 DOI: 10.1177/1090198106290395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Youth violence is a significant public health problem. Although the relationship between neighborhood-level factors and urban youth violence is recognized, the specific mechanisms of this relationship are often unclear. Prominent neighborhood individuals were identified within four select low-income urban neighborhoods in Baltimore City. In-depth interviews were conducted to explore these individuals' perceptions of the relationship between social and structural neighborhood-level factors and urban youth violence. Employment opportunities, local businesses, trash management, vacant housing, and street lighting were perceived as important neighborhood factors influencing young people's experiences. The relationship between these neighborhood characteristics and the local illicit drug market and youth violence is highlighted. Results provide an enhanced understanding of the importance of using a participatory-based research approach and the mechanisms of the relationship between neighborhood-level factors and youth violence. Both are critical components in designing and implementing multilevel youth violence prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Yonas
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
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