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Lin J, Yin X, Zeng Y, Hong X, Zhang S, Cui B, Zhu Q, Liang Z, Xue Z, Yang D. Progress and prospect: Biosynthesis of plant natural products based on plant chassis. Biotechnol Adv 2023; 69:108266. [PMID: 37778531 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived natural products are a specific class of active substances with numerous applications in the medical, energy, and industrial fields. Many of these substances are in high demand and have become the fundamental materials for various purposes. Recently, the use of synthetic biology to produce plant-derived natural products has become a significant trend. Plant chassis, in particular, offer unique advantages over microbial chassis in terms of cell structure, product affinity, safety, and storage. The development of the plant hairy root tissue culture system has accelerated the commercialization and industrialization of synthetic biology in the production of plant-derived natural products. This paper will present recent progress in the synthesis of various plant natural products using plant chassis, organized by the types of different structures. Additionally, we will summarize the four primary types of plant chassis used for synthesizing natural products from plant sources and review the enabling technologies that have contributed to the development of synthetic biology in recent years. Finally, we will present the role of isolated and combined use of different optimization strategies in breaking the upper limit of natural product production in plant chassis. This review aims to provide practical references for synthetic biologists and highlight the great commercial potential of plant chassis biosynthesis, such as hairy roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xue Yin
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Youran Zeng
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyu Hong
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Shuncang Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Beimi Cui
- Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3BF, UK
| | - Qinlong Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China..
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Shaoxing Biomedical Research Institute of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Co., Ltd, Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for the Development Technology of Medicinal and Edible Homologous Health Food, Shaoxing 312075, China.
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Xu T, Yu L, Huang N, Liu W, Fang Y, Chen C, Jiang L, Wang T, Zhao J, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wang N, Chen X. The regulatory role of MdNAC14-Like in anthocyanin synthesis and proanthocyanidin accumulation in red-fleshed apples. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 204:108068. [PMID: 37852067 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins (PAs), play essential roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Red-fleshed apples represent a valuable germplasm resource with high flavonoid content. Understanding and enriching the regulatory network controlling flavonoid synthesis in red-fleshed apples holds significant importance for cultivating high-quality fruits. In this study, we successfully isolated an NAC transcription factor, MdNAC14-Like, which exhibited a significant negative correlation with the content of anthocyanin. Transient injection of apple fruit and stable expression of callus confirmed that MdNAC14-Like acts as an inhibitor of anthocyanin synthesis. Through yeast monohybrid, electrophoretic mobility shift, and luciferase reporter assays, we demonstrated the ability of MdNAC14-Like to bind to the promoters of MdMYB9, MdMYB10, and MdUFGT, thus inhibiting their transcriptional activity and subsequently suppressing anthocyanin synthesis. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that MdNAC14-Like interacts with MdMYB12, enhancing the transcriptional activation of MdMYB12 on the downstream structural gene MdLAR, thereby promoting PA synthesis. This comprehensive functional characterization of MdNAC14-Like provides valuable insights into the intricate regulatory network governing anthocyanin and PA synthesis in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongyao Xu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Yu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Ningwang Huang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yue Fang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Chen
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Lepu Jiang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Tong Wang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Jianwen Zhao
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Zongying Zhang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China
| | - Yuehua Xu
- Penglai City Fruit Tree Work Station, Penglai, Shandong 265600, China
| | - Nan Wang
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
| | - Xuesen Chen
- College of Horticulture Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China.
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Liu Y, Ma D, Constabel CP. CRISPR/Cas9 Disruption of MYB134 and MYB115 in Transgenic Poplar Leads to Differential Reduction of Proanthocyanidin Synthesis in Roots and Leaves. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:1189-1203. [PMID: 37522631 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are common specialized metabolites and particularly abundant in trees and woody plants. In poplar (Populus spp.), PA biosynthesis is stress-induced and regulated by two previously studied transcription factors MYB115 and MYB134. To determine the relative contribution of these regulators to PA biosynthesis, we created single- and double-knockout (KO) mutants for both genes in transgenic poplars using CRISPR/Cas9. Knocking out either MYB134 or MYB115 showed reduced PA accumulation and downregulated flavonoid genes in leaves, but MYB134 disruption had the greatest impact and reduced PAs to 30% of controls. In roots, by contrast, only the MYB134/MYB115 double-KOs showed a significant change in PA concentration. The loss of PAs paralleled the lower expression of PA biosynthesis genes and concentrations of flavan-3-ol PA precursors catechin and epicatechin. Interestingly, salicinoids were also affected in double-KOs, with distinct patterns in roots and shoots. We conclude that the regulatory pathways for PA biosynthesis differ in poplar leaves and roots. The residual PA content in the double-KO plants indicates that other transcription factors must also be involved in control of the PA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalin Liu
- Centre for Forest Biology & Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P5C3, Canada
| | - Dawei Ma
- Centre for Forest Biology & Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P5C3, Canada
| | - C Peter Constabel
- Centre for Forest Biology & Department of Biology, University of Victoria, 3800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, British Columbia V8P5C3, Canada
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Sun Y, Kou DR, Li Y, Ni JP, Wang J, Zhang YM, Wang QN, Jiang B, Wang X, Sun YX, Xu XT, Tan XJ, Zhang YJ, Kong XD. Pan-genome of Citrullus genus highlights the extent of presence/absence variation during domestication and selection. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:332. [PMID: 37322453 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09443-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The rich genetic diversity in Citrullus lanatus and the other six species in the Citrullus genus provides important sources in watermelon breeding. Here, we present the Citrullus genus pan-genome based on the 400 Citrullus genus resequencing data, showing that 477 Mb contigs and 6249 protein-coding genes were absent in the Citrullus lanatus reference genome. In the Citrullus genus pan-genome, there are a total of 8795 (30.5%) genes that exhibit presence/absence variations (PAVs). Presence/absence variation (PAV) analysis showed that a lot of gene PAV were selected during the domestication and improvement, such as 53 favorable genes and 40 unfavorable genes were identified during the C. mucosospermus to C. lanatus landrace domestication. We also identified 661 resistance gene analogs (RGAs) in the Citrullus genus pan-genome, which contains 90 RGAs (89 variable and 1 core gene) located on the pangenome additional contigs. By gene PAV-based GWAS, 8 gene presence/absence variations were found associated with flesh color. Finally, based on the results of gene PAV selection analysis between watermelon populations with different fruit colors, we identified four non-reference candidate genes associated with carotenoid accumulation, which had a significantly higher frequency in the white flesh. These results will provide an important source for watermelon breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Sun
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China.
| | - Dou-Rong Kou
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yan Li
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
- Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | | | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
- Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yong-Mei Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Qing-Nan Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yue-Xin Sun
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xin-Tong Xu
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Tan
- Key Laboratory for Conservation and Use of Important Biological Resources of Anhui Province, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, Anhui, China
| | - Yong-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Duraiswamy A, Sneha A. NM, Jebakani K. S, Selvaraj S, Pramitha J. L, Selvaraj R, Petchiammal K. I, Kather Sheriff S, Thinakaran J, Rathinamoorthy S, Kumar P. R. Genetic manipulation of anti-nutritional factors in major crops for a sustainable diet in future. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 13:1070398. [PMID: 36874916 PMCID: PMC9976781 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1070398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of healthy food, in order to strengthen the immune system, is now a major focus of people worldwide and is essential to tackle the emerging pandemic concerns. Moreover, research in this area paves the way for diversification of human diets by incorporating underutilized crops which are highly nutritious and climate-resilient in nature. However, although the consumption of healthy foods increases nutritional uptake, the bioavailability of nutrients and their absorption from foods also play an essential role in curbing malnutrition in developing countries. This has led to a focus on anti-nutrients that interfere with the digestion and absorption of nutrients and proteins from foods. Anti-nutritional factors in crops, such as phytic acid, gossypol, goitrogens, glucosinolates, lectins, oxalic acid, saponins, raffinose, tannins, enzyme inhibitors, alkaloids, β-N-oxalyl amino alanine (BOAA), and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), are synthesized in crop metabolic pathways and are interconnected with other essential growth regulation factors. Hence, breeding with the aim of completely eliminating anti-nutrition factors tends to compromise desirable features such as yield and seed size. However, advanced techniques, such as integrated multi-omics, RNAi, gene editing, and genomics-assisted breeding, aim to breed crops in which negative traits are minimized and to provide new strategies to handle these traits in crop improvement programs. There is also a need to emphasize individual crop-based approaches in upcoming research programs to achieve smart foods with minimum constraints in future. This review focuses on progress in molecular breeding and prospects for additional approaches to improve nutrient bioavailability in major crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishwarya Duraiswamy
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Nancy Mano Sneha A.
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sherina Jebakani K.
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sellakumar Selvaraj
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Lydia Pramitha J.
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ramchander Selvaraj
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Indira Petchiammal K.
- Genetics and Plant Breeding, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Sharmili Kather Sheriff
- Agronomy, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Jenita Thinakaran
- Horticulture, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Samundeswari Rathinamoorthy
- Crop Physiology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
| | - Ramesh Kumar P.
- Plant Biochemistry, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karunya Institute of Technology and Sciences, Coimbatore, India
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Jin Z, Jiang W, Luo Y, Huang H, Yi D, Pang Y. Analyses on Flavonoids and Transcriptome Reveals Key MYB Gene for Proanthocyanidins Regulation in Onobrychis Viciifolia. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:941918. [PMID: 35812930 PMCID: PMC9263696 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.941918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Onobrychis viciifolia (sainfoin) is one of the most high-quality legume forages, which is rich in proanthocyanidins that is beneficial for the health and production of animals. In this study, proanthocyanidins and total flavonoids in leaves of 46 different sainfoin germplasm resources were evaluated, and it showed that soluble proanthocyanidin contents varied greatly in these sainfoin germplasm resources, but total flavonoids did not show significant difference. Transcriptome sequencing with high and low proanthocyanidins sainfoin resulted in the identification of totally 52,926 unigenes in sainfoin, and they were classed into different GOC categories. Among them, 1,608 unigenes were differentially expressed in high and low proanthocyanidins sainfoin samples, including 1,160 genes that were upregulated and 448 genes that were downregulated. Analysis on gene enrichment via KEGG annotation revealed that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthetic pathway and the secondary metabolism pathway. We also analyzed the expression levels of structural genes of the proanthocyanidin/flavonoid pathway in roots, stems, and leaves in the high proanthocyanidin sainfoin via RT-qPCR and found that these genes were differentially expressed in these tissues. Among them, the expression levels of F3'5'H and ANR were higher in leaves than in roots or stems, which is consistent with proanthocyanidins content in these tissues. Among MYB genes that were differentially expressed, the expression of OvMYBPA2 was relatively high in high proanthocyanidin sainfoin. Over-expression level of OvMYBPA2 in alfalfa hairy roots resulted in decreased anthocyanin content but increased proanthocyanidin content. Our study provided transcriptome information for further functional characterization of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis-related genes in sainfoin and candidate key MYB genes for bioengineering of proanthocyanidins in plants.
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Gourlay G, Hawkins BJ, Albert A, Schnitzler JP, Peter Constabel C. Condensed tannins as antioxidants that protect poplar against oxidative stress from drought and UV-B. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2022; 45:362-377. [PMID: 34873714 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Condensed tannins (CTs, proanthocyanidins) are widespread polymeric flavan-3-ols known for their ability to bind proteins. In poplar (Populus spp.), leaf condensed tannins are induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses, suggesting diverse biological functions. Here we demonstrate the ability of CTs to function as physiological antioxidants, preventing oxidative and cellular damage in response to drought and UV-B irradiation. Chlorophyll fluorescence was used to monitor photosystem II performance, and both hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content was assayed as a measure of oxidative damage. Transgenic MYB-overexpressing poplar (Populus tremula × P. tremuloides) with high CT content showed reduced photosystem damage and lower hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde content after drought and UV-B stress. This antioxidant effect of CT was observed using two different poplar MYB CT regulators, in multiple independent lines and different genetic backgrounds. Additionally, low-CT MYB134-RNAi transgenic poplars showed enhanced susceptibility to drought-induced oxidative stress. UV-B radiation had different impacts than drought on chlorophyll fluorescence, but all high-CT poplar lines displayed reduced sensitivity to both stresses. Our data indicate that CTs are significant defences against oxidative stress. The broad distribution of CTs in forest systems that are exposed to diverse abiotic stresses suggests that these compounds have wider functional roles than previously realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Gourlay
- Centre for Forest Biology & Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Barbara J Hawkins
- Centre for Forest Biology & Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Andreas Albert
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg-Peter Schnitzler
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Unit Environmental Simulation, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Peter Constabel
- Centre for Forest Biology & Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
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Li C, Pei J, Yan X, Cui X, Tsuruta M, Liu Y, Lian C. A poplar B-box protein PtrBBX23 modulates the accumulation of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in response to high light. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:3015-3033. [PMID: 34114251 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Flavonoids, which modulate plant resistance to various stresses, can be induced by high light. B-box (BBX) transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in the transcriptional regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis, but limited information is available on the association of BBX proteins with high light. We present a detailed overview of 45 Populus trichocarpa BBX TFs. Phylogenetic relationships, gene structure, tissue-specific expression patterns and expression profiles were determined under 10 stress or phytohormone treatments to screen candidate BBX proteins associated with the flavonoid pathway. Sixteen candidate genes were identified, of which five were expressed predominantly in young leaves and roots, and BBX23 showed the most distinct response to high light. Overexpression of BBX23 in poplar activated expression of MYB TFs and structural genes in the flavonoid pathway, thereby promoting the accumulation of proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins. CRISPR/Cas9-generated knockout of BBX23 resulted in the opposite trend. Furthermore, the phenotype induced by BBX23 overexpression was enhanced under exposure to high light. BBX23 was capable of binding directly to the promoters of proanthocyanidin- and anthocyanin-specific genes, and its interaction with HY5 enhanced activation activity. We identified novel regulators of flavonoid biosynthesis in poplar, thereby enhancing our general understanding of the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofeng Li
- Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jinli Pei
- Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Yan
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin Cui
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Momi Tsuruta
- Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ying Liu
- International Joint Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chunlan Lian
- Laboratory of Forest Symbiology, Asian Research Center for Bioresource and Environmental Sciences, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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