1
|
Rosa-Diaz I, Rowe J, Cayuela-Lopez A, Arbona V, Díaz I, Jones AM. Spider mite herbivory induces an ABA-driven stomatal defense. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:2970-2984. [PMID: 38669227 PMCID: PMC11288753 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Arthropod herbivory poses a serious threat to crop yield, prompting plants to employ intricate defense mechanisms against pest feeding. The generalist pest 2-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) inflicts rapid damage and remains challenging due to its broad target range. In this study, we explored the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) response to T. urticae infestation, revealing the induction of abscisic acid (ABA), a hormone typically associated with abiotic stress adaptation, and stomatal closure during water stress. Leveraging a Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based ABA biosensor (nlsABACUS2-400n), we observed elevated ABA levels in various leaf cell types postmite feeding. While ABA's role in pest resistance or susceptibility has been debated, an ABA-deficient mutant exhibited increased mite infestation alongside intact canonical biotic stress signaling, indicating an independent function of ABA in mite defense. We established that ABA-triggered stomatal closure effectively hinders mite feeding and minimizes leaf cell damage through genetic and pharmacological interventions targeting ABA levels, ABA signaling, stomatal aperture, and density. This study underscores the critical interplay between biotic and abiotic stresses in plants, highlighting how the vulnerability to mite infestation arising from open stomata, crucial for transpiration and photosynthesis, reinforces the intricate relationship between these stress types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rosa-Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, 20223 Madrid, Spain
| | - James Rowe
- Sainsbury Laboratory, Cambridge University, Cambridge CB2 1LR, UK
| | - Ana Cayuela-Lopez
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicent Arbona
- Departament de Biologia, Bioquímica i Ciències Naturals, Universitat Jaume I, 12071 Castelló de la Plana, Spain
| | - Isabel Díaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (CBGP), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo, 20223 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, UPM, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Krumova S, Stoichev S, Ilkov D, Strijkova V, Katrova V, Crespo A, Álvarez J, Martínez E, Martínez-Ramírez S, Tsonev T, Petrov P, Velikova V. Pea Seed Priming with Pluronic P85-Grafted Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Affects Photosynthetic Gas Exchange but Not Photosynthetic Light Reactions. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7901. [PMID: 39063145 PMCID: PMC11276944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is rapidly advancing towards the development of applications for sustainable plant growth and photosynthesis optimization. The nanomaterial/plant interaction has been intensively investigated; however, there is still a gap in knowledge regarding their effect on crop seed development and photosynthetic performance. In the present work, we apply a priming procedure with 10 and 50 mg/L Pluronic-P85-grafted single-walled carbon nanotubes (P85-SWCNT) on garden pea seeds and examine the germination, development, and photosynthetic activity of young seedlings grown on soil substrate. The applied treatments result in a distorted topology of the seed surface and suppressed (by 10-19%) shoot emergence. No priming-induced alterations in the structural and functional features of the photosynthetic apparatus in 14-day-old plants are found. However, photosynthetic gas exchange measurements reveal reduced stomatal conductance (by up to 15%) and increased intrinsic water use efficiency (by 12-15%), as compared to hydro-primed variants, suggesting the better ability of plants to cope with drought stress-an assumption that needs further verification. Our study prompts further research on the stomatal behavior and dark reactions of photosynthesis in order to gain new insights into the effect of carbon nanotubes on plant performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sashka Krumova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Svetozar Stoichev
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniel Ilkov
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (T.T.)
| | - Velichka Strijkova
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Vesela Katrova
- Institute of Optical Materials and Technologies, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (V.S.); (V.K.)
| | - Ana Crespo
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia (IEM—CSIC), 28006 Madrid, Spain; (A.C.); (S.M.-R.)
| | - José Álvarez
- Ingeniería Agroforestal, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.Á.); (E.M.)
| | - Elvira Martínez
- Ingeniería Agroforestal, ETSIAAB, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (J.Á.); (E.M.)
| | | | - Tsonko Tsonev
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (T.T.)
| | - Petar Petrov
- Institute of Polymers, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Violeta Velikova
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (S.K.); (S.S.)
- Institute of Plant Physiology and Genetics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (D.I.); (T.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chakraborty N, Das A, Pal S, Roy S, Sil SK, Adak MK, Hassanzamman M. Exploring Aluminum Tolerance Mechanisms in Plants with Reference to Rice and Arabidopsis: A Comprehensive Review of Genetic, Metabolic, and Physiological Adaptations in Acidic Soils. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1760. [PMID: 38999600 PMCID: PMC11243567 DOI: 10.3390/plants13131760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Aluminum (Al) makes up a third of the Earth's crust and is a widespread toxic contaminant, particularly in acidic soils. It impacts crops at multiple levels, from cellular to whole plant systems. This review delves into Al's reactivity, including its cellular transport, involvement in oxidative redox reactions, and development of specific metabolites, as well as the influence of genes on the production of membrane channels and transporters, alongside its role in triggering senescence. It discusses the involvement of channel proteins in calcium influx, vacuolar proton pumping, the suppression of mitochondrial respiration, and the initiation of programmed cell death. At the cellular nucleus level, the effects of Al on gene regulation through alterations in nucleic acid modifications, such as methylation and histone acetylation, are examined. In addition, this review outlines the pathways of Al-induced metabolic disruption, specifically citric acid metabolism, the regulation of proton excretion, the induction of specific transcription factors, the modulation of Al-responsive proteins, changes in citrate and nucleotide glucose transporters, and overall metal detoxification pathways in tolerant genotypes. It also considers the expression of phenolic oxidases in response to oxidative stress, their regulatory feedback on mitochondrial cytochrome proteins, and their consequences on root development. Ultimately, this review focuses on the selective metabolic pathways that facilitate Al exclusion and tolerance, emphasizing compartmentalization, antioxidative defense mechanisms, and the control of programmed cell death to manage metal toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nilakshi Chakraborty
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Abir Das
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sayan Pal
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumita Roy
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Sudipta Kumar Sil
- Department of Botany, University of Gour Banga, Malda 732103, West Bengal, India
| | - Malay Kumar Adak
- Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology Research Unit, Department of Botany, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India
| | - Mirza Hassanzamman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shar-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
- Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li S, Yan J, Chen LG, Meng G, Zhou Y, Wang CM, Jiang L, Luo J, Jiang Y, Li QF, Tang W, He JX. Brassinosteroid regulates stomatal development in etiolated Arabidopsis cotyledons via transcription factors BZR1 and BES1. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1382-1400. [PMID: 38345866 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are phytohormones that regulate stomatal development. In this study, we report that BR represses stomatal development in etiolated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) cotyledons via transcription factors BRASSINAZOLE RESISTANT 1 (BZR1) and bri1-EMS SUPPRESSOR1 (BES1), which directly target MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASE 9 (MKK9) and FAMA, 2 important genes for stomatal development. BZR1/BES1 bind MKK9 and FAMA promoters in vitro and in vivo, and mutation of the BZR1/BES1 binding motif in MKK9/FAMA promoters abolishes their transcription regulation by BZR1/BES1 in plants. Expression of a constitutively active MKK9 (MKK9DD) suppressed overproduction of stomata induced by BR deficiency, while expression of a constitutively inactive MKK9 (MKK9KR) induced high-density stomata in bzr1-1D. In addition, bzr-h, a sextuple mutant of the BZR1 family of proteins, produced overabundant stomata, and the dominant bzr1-1D and bes1-D mutants effectively suppressed the stomata-overproducing phenotype of brassinosteroid insensitive 1-116 (bri1-116) and brassinosteroid insensitive 2-1 (bin2-1). In conclusion, our results revealed important roles of BZR1/BES1 in stomatal development, and their transcriptional regulation of MKK9 and FAMA expression may contribute to BR-regulated stomatal development in etiolated Arabidopsis cotyledons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Li
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 00000, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Lian-Ge Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Guanghua Meng
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 00000, China
| | - Yuling Zhou
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 00000, China
| | - Chun-Ming Wang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 00000, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 00000, China
| | - Juan Luo
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 00000, China
| | - Yueming Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany & Key Laboratory of South China Agricultural Plant Molecular Analysis and Genetic Improvement, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, Guangdong, China
| | - Qian-Feng Li
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 00000, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenqiang Tang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050024, Hebei, China
| | - Jun-Xian He
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 00000, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ku YS. One more role for the brassinosteroid regulators: BZR1 and BES1 inhibit stomatal development in Arabidopsis cotyledons. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:1106-1107. [PMID: 38378164 PMCID: PMC11142344 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Yee-Shan Ku
- Assistant Features Editor, Plant Physiology, American Society of Plant Biologists
- School of Life Sciences and Centre for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ma B, Zhang J, Guo S, Xie X, Yan L, Chen H, Zhang H, Bu X, Zheng L, Wang Y. RtNAC055 promotes drought tolerance via a stomatal closure pathway linked to methyl jasmonate/hydrogen peroxide signaling in Reaumuria trigyna. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2024; 11:uhae001. [PMID: 38419969 PMCID: PMC10901477 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhae001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The stomata regulate CO2 uptake and efficient water usage, thereby promoting drought stress tolerance. NAC proteins (NAM, ATAF1/2, and CUC2) participate in plant reactions following drought stress, but the molecular mechanisms underlying NAC-mediated regulation of stomatal movement are unclear. In this study, a novel NAC gene from Reaumuria trigyna, RtNAC055, was found to enhance drought tolerance via a stomatal closure pathway. It was regulated by RtMYC2 and integrated with jasmonic acid signaling and was predominantly expressed in stomata and root. The suppression of RtNAC055 could improve jasmonic acid and H2O2 production and increase the drought tolerance of transgenic R. trigyna callus. Ectopic expression of RtNAC055 in the Arabidopsis atnac055 mutant rescued its drought-sensitive phenotype by decreasing stomatal aperture. Under drought stress, overexpression of RtNAC055 in poplar promoted ROS (H2O2) accumulation in stomata, which accelerated stomatal closure and maintained a high photosynthetic rate. Drought upregulated the expression of PtRbohD/F, PtP5CS2, and PtDREB1.1, as well as antioxidant enzyme activities in heterologous expression poplars. RtNAC055 promoted H2O2 production in guard cells by directly binding to the promoter of RtRbohE, thus regulating stomatal closure. The stress-related genes RtDREB1.1/P5CS1 were directly regulated by RtNAC055. These results indicate that RtNAC055 regulates stomatal closure by maintaining the balance between the antioxidant system and H2O2 level, reducing the transpiration rate and water loss, and improving photosynthetic efficiency and drought resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binjie Ma
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan Province, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Shuyu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xinlei Xie
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Lang Yan
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan Province, China
| | - Huijing Chen
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100081, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan Province, China
| | - Hongyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Xiangqi Bu
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Linlin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| | - Yingchun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Herbage and Endemic Crop Biology, and College of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010070, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Falquetto-Gomes P, Silva WJ, Siqueira JA, Araújo WL, Nunes-Nesi A. From epidermal cells to functional pores: Understanding stomatal development. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 292:154163. [PMID: 38118303 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2023.154163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Stomata, small hydromechanical valves in the leaf epidermis, are fundamental in regulating gas exchange and water loss between plants and the environment. Stomatal development involves a series of coordinated events ranging from the initial cell division that determines the meristemoid mother cells to forming specialized structures such as guard cells. These events are orchestrated by the transcription factors SPEECHLESS, FAMA, and MUTE through signaling networks. The role of plant hormones (e.g., abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and brassinosteroids) in regulating stomatal development has been elucidated through these signaling cascades. In addition, environmental factors, such as light availability and CO2 concentration, also regulate the density and distribution of stomata in leaves, ultimately affecting overall water use efficiency. In this review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying stomatal development, connecting key signaling processes that activate or inhibit cell differentiation responsible for forming guard cells in the leaf epidermis. The factors responsible for integrating transcription factors, hormonal responses, and the influence of climatic factors on the signaling network that leads to stomatal development in plants are further discussed. Understanding the intricate connections between these factors, including the metabolic regulation of plant development, may enable us to maximize plant productivity under specific environmental conditions in changing climate scenarios.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Falquetto-Gomes
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Welson Júnior Silva
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - João Antonio Siqueira
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wagner L Araújo
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Adriano Nunes-Nesi
- National Institute of Science and Technology on Plant Physiology Under Stress Conditions, Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-900, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lahbouki S, Fernando AL, Rodrigues C, Ben-Laouane R, Ait-El-Mokhtar M, Outzourhit A, Meddich A. Effects of Humic Substances and Mycorrhizal Fungi on Drought-Stressed Cactus: Focus on Growth, Physiology, and Biochemistry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4156. [PMID: 38140483 PMCID: PMC10747967 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Utilizing water resources rationally has become critical due to the expected increase in water scarcity. Cacti are capable of surviving with minimal water requirements and in poor soils. Despite being highly drought-resistant, cacti still faces limitations in realizing its full potential under drought-stress conditions. To this end, we investigated the interactive effect of humic substances (Hs) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on cactus plants under drought stress. In the study, a cactus pot experiment had three irrigation levels (W1: no irrigation, W2: 15% of field capacity, and W3: 30% of field capacity) and two biostimulants (Hs soil amendment and AMF inoculation), applied alone or combined. The findings show that the W1 and W2 regimes affected cactus performance. However, Hs and/or AMF significantly improved growth. Our results revealed that drought increased the generation of reactive oxygen species. However, Hs and/or AMF application improved nutrient uptake and increased anthocyanin content and free amino acids. Furthermore, the soil's organic matter, phosphorus, nitrogen, and potassium contents were improved by the application of these biostimulants. Altogether, using Hs alone or in combination with AMF can be an effective and sustainable approach to enhance the tolerance of cactus plants to drought conditions, while also improving the soil quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soufiane Lahbouki
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), “Physiology of Abiotic Stresses” Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
- MEtRICs/CubicB, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.F.); (C.R.)
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Environment Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Ana Luísa Fernando
- MEtRICs/CubicB, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Carolina Rodrigues
- MEtRICs/CubicB, Departamento de Química, NOVA School of Science and Technology, FCT NOVA, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (A.L.F.); (C.R.)
| | - Raja Ben-Laouane
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), “Physiology of Abiotic Stresses” Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
| | - Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Environment & Agri-Food URAC 36, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Techniques—Mohammedia, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Mohammedia 20000, Morocco
| | - Abdelkader Outzourhit
- Laboratory of Nanomaterials for Energy and Environment Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, P.O. Box 2390, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
| | - Abdelilah Meddich
- Center of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Research Unit Labelled CNRST (Centre AgroBiotech-URL-CNRST-05), “Physiology of Abiotic Stresses” Team, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech 40000, Morocco;
- Laboratory of Agro-Food, Biotechnologies and Valorization of Plant Bioresources (AGROBIOVAL), Department of Biology, Faculty of Science Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco;
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mohamed D, Vonapartis E, Corcega DY, Gazzarrini S. ABA guides stomatal proliferation and patterning through the EPF-SPCH signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Development 2023; 150:dev201258. [PMID: 37997741 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Adaptation to dehydration stress requires plants to coordinate environmental and endogenous signals to inhibit stomatal proliferation and modulate their patterning. The stress hormone abscisic acid (ABA) induces stomatal closure and restricts stomatal lineage to promote stress tolerance. Here, we report that mutants with reduced ABA levels, xer-1, xer-2 and aba2-2, developed stomatal clusters. Similarly, the ABA signaling mutant snrk2.2/2.3/2.6, which lacks core ABA signaling kinases, also displayed stomatal clusters. Exposure to ABA or inhibition of ABA catabolism rescued the increased stomatal density and spacing defects observed in xer and aba2-2, suggesting that basal ABA is required for correct stomatal density and spacing. xer-1 and aba2-2 displayed reduced expression of EPF1 and EPF2, and enhanced expression of SPCH and MUTE. Furthermore, ABA suppressed elevated SPCH and MUTE expression in epf2-1 and epf1-1, and partially rescued epf2-1 stomatal index and epf1-1 clustering defects. Genetic analysis demonstrated that XER acts upstream of the EPF2-SPCH pathway to suppress stomatal proliferation, and in parallel with EPF1 to ensure correct stomatal spacing. These results show that basal ABA and functional ABA signaling are required to fine-tune stomatal density and patterning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deka Mohamed
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Eliana Vonapartis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| | - Dennedy Yrvin Corcega
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, ON M5S 3B2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Cowling CL, Dash L, Kelley DR. Roles of auxin pathways in maize biology. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:6989-6999. [PMID: 37493143 PMCID: PMC10690729 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones play a central role in plant development and environmental responses. Auxin is a classical hormone that is required for organ formation, tissue patterning, and defense responses. Auxin pathways have been extensively studied across numerous land plant lineages, including bryophytes and eudicots. In contrast, our understanding of the roles of auxin in maize morphogenesis and immune responses is limited. Here, we review evidence for auxin-mediated processes in maize and describe promising areas for future research in the auxin field. Several recent transcriptomic and genetic studies have demonstrated that auxin is a key influencer of both vegetative and reproductive development in maize (namely roots, leaves, and kernels). Auxin signaling has been implicated in both maize shoot architecture and immune responses through genetic and molecular analyses of the conserved co-repressor RAMOSA ENHANCER LOCUS2. Polar auxin transport is linked to maize drought responses, root growth, shoot formation, and leaf morphogenesis. Notably, maize has been a key system for delineating auxin biosynthetic pathways and offers many opportunities for future investigations on auxin metabolism. In addition, crosstalk between auxin and other phytohormones has been uncovered through gene expression studies and is important for leaf and root development in maize. Collectively these studies point to auxin as a cornerstone for maize biology that could be leveraged for improved crop resilience and yield.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Craig L Cowling
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Linkan Dash
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Dior R Kelley
- Department of Genetics, Development, and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Guo Z, Gao Y, Yuan X, Yuan M, Huang L, Wang S, Liu C, Duan C. Effects of Heavy Metals on Stomata in Plants: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9302. [PMID: 37298252 PMCID: PMC10252879 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Stomata are one of the important structures for plants to alleviate metal stress and improve plant resistance. Therefore, a study on the effects and mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity to stomata is indispensable in clarifying the adaptation mechanism of plants to heavy metals. With the rapid pace of industrialization and urbanization, heavy metal pollution has been an environmental issue of global concern. Stomata, a special physiological structure of plants, play an important role in maintaining plant physiological and ecological functions. Recent studies have shown that heavy metals can affect the structure and function of stomata, leading to changes in plant physiology and ecology. However, although the scientific community has accumulated some data on the effects of heavy metals on plant stomata, the systematic understanding of the effects of heavy metals on plant stomata remains limited. Therefore, in this review, we present the sources and migration pathways of heavy metals in plant stomata, analyze systematically the physiological and ecological responses of stomata on heavy metal exposure, and summarize the current mechanisms of heavy metal toxicity on stomata. Finally, the future research perspectives of the effects of heavy metals on plant stomata are identified. This paper can serve as a reference for the ecological assessment of heavy metals and the protection of plant resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolai Guo
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Yuhan Gao
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xinqi Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Mengxiang Yuan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Lv Huang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Sichen Wang
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Chang’e Liu
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Changqun Duan
- School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China; (Z.G.); (Y.G.); (X.Y.); (M.Y.); (L.H.); (S.W.); (C.L.)
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Degraded Environment Restoration, Kunming 650000, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ikematsu S, Umase T, Shiozaki M, Nakayama S, Noguchi F, Sakamoto T, Hou H, Gohari G, Kimura S, Torii KU. Rewiring of hormones and light response pathways underlies the inhibition of stomatal development in an amphibious plant Rorippa aquatica underwater. Curr Biol 2023; 33:543-556.e4. [PMID: 36696900 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.12.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Land plants have evolved the ability to cope with submergence. Amphibious plants are adapted to both aerial and aquatic environments through phenotypic plasticity in leaf form and function, known as heterophylly. In general, underwater leaves of amphibious plants are devoid of stomata, yet their molecular regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Using the emerging model of the Brassicaceae amphibious species Rorippa aquatica, we lay the foundation for the molecular physiological basis of the submergence-triggered inhibition of stomatal development. A series of temperature shift experiments showed that submergence-induced inhibition of stomatal development is largely uncoupled from morphological heterophylly and likely regulated by independent pathways. Submergence-responsive transcriptome analysis revealed rapid reprogramming of gene expression, exemplified by the suppression of RaSPEECHLESS and RaMUTE within 1 h and the involvement of light and hormones in the developmental switch from terrestrial to submerged leaves. Further physiological studies place ethylene as a central regulator of the submergence-triggered inhibition of stomatal development. Surprisingly, red and blue light have opposing functions in this process: blue light promotes, whereas red light inhibits stomatal development, through influencing the ethylene pathway. Finally, jasmonic acid counteracts the inhibition of stomatal development, which can be attenuated by the red light. The actions and interactions of light and hormone pathways in regulating stomatal development in R. aquatica are different from those in the terrestrial species, Arabidopsis thaliana. Thus, our work suggests that extensive rewiring events of red light to ethylene signaling might underlie the evolutionary adaption to water environment in Brassicaceae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuka Ikematsu
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Umase
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Mako Shiozaki
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Sodai Nakayama
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Fuko Noguchi
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Sakamoto
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan
| | - Hongwei Hou
- The State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, The Key Laboratory of Aquatic Biodiversity and Conservation of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Gholamreza Gohari
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Maragheh, Maragheh 83111-55181, East Azerbaijan, Iran
| | - Seisuke Kimura
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan; Center for Plant Sciences, Kyoto Sangyo University, Kamigamo-Motoyama, Kita-Ku, Kyoto 603-8555, Japan.
| | - Keiko U Torii
- Institute of Transformative Biomolecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li L, Zheng Q, Jiang W, Xiao N, Zeng F, Chen G, Mak M, Chen ZH, Deng F. Molecular Regulation and Evolution of Cytokinin Signaling in Plant Abiotic Stresses. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 63:1787-1805. [PMID: 35639886 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcac071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The sustainable production of crops faces increasing challenges from global climate change and human activities, which leads to increasing instances of many abiotic stressors to plants. Among the abiotic stressors, drought, salinity and excessive levels of toxic metals cause reductions in global agricultural productivity and serious health risks for humans. Cytokinins (CKs) are key phytohormones functioning in both normal development and stress responses in plants. Here, we summarize the molecular mechanisms on the biosynthesis, metabolism, transport and signaling transduction pathways of CKs. CKs act as negative regulators of both root system architecture plasticity and root sodium exclusion in response to salt stress. The functions of CKs in mineral-toxicity tolerance and their detoxification in plants are reviewed. Comparative genomic analyses were performed to trace the origin, evolution and diversification of the critical regulatory networks linking CK signaling and abiotic stress. We found that the production of CKs and their derivatives, pathways of signal transduction and drought-response root growth regulation are evolutionarily conserved in land plants. In addition, the mechanisms of CK-mediated sodium exclusion under salt stress are suggested for further investigations. In summary, we propose that the manipulation of CK levels and their signaling pathways is important for plant abiotic stress and is, therefore, a potential strategy for meeting the increasing demand for global food production under changing climatic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Li
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Qingfeng Zheng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Wei Jiang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Nayun Xiao
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Fanrong Zeng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| | - Guang Chen
- Central Laboratory, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
| | - Michelle Mak
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Zhong-Hua Chen
- School of Science, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Fenglin Deng
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Industry, College of Agriculture, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sun C, Zhu L, Cao L, Qi H, Liu H, Zhao F, Han X. PKS5 Confers Cold Tolerance by Controlling Stomatal Movement and Regulating Cold-Responsive Genes in Arabidopsis. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12101633. [PMID: 36295068 PMCID: PMC9605660 DOI: 10.3390/life12101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold stress limits plant growth and development; however, the precise mechanisms underpinning plant acclimation to cold stress remain largely unknown. In this study, the Ser/Thr protein kinase SOS2-LIKE PROTEIN KINASE5 (PKS5) was shown to play a positive role in plant responses to cold stress. A PKS5 loss-of-function mutant (pks5-1) exhibited elevated sensitivity to cold stress, as well as a lower survival rate and increased ion leakage. Conversely, PKS5 gain-of-function mutants (pks5-3, pks5-4) were more tolerant to cold stress and exhibited higher survival rates and decreased ion leakage. Stomatal aperture analysis revealed that stomatal closure was slower during the first 25 min after cold exposure in pks5-1 compared to wild-type, whereas pks5-3 and pks5-4 displayed accelerated stomatal closure over the same time period. Further stomatal aperture analysis under an abscisic acid (ABA) treatment showed slower closure in pks5-1 and more rapid closure in pks5-3 and pks5-4. Finally, expression levels of cold-responsive genes were regulated by PKS5 under cold stress conditions, while cold stress and ABA treatment can regulate PKS5 expression. Taken together, these results suggest that PKS5 plays a positive role in short-term plant acclimation to cold stress by regulating stomatal aperture, possibly via ABA pathways, and in long-term acclimation by regulating cold-responsive genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xiuli Han
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-533-2781-329; Fax: +86-533-3188-608
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Li L, Hong D, An C, Chen Y, Zhao P, Li X, Xiong F, Ren M, Xu R. Overexpression of TaLAX3-1B alters the stomatal aperture and improves the salt stress resistance of tobacco. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:7455-7464. [PMID: 35624389 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07548-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stomata, which play important roles in both optimizing photosynthesis efficiency and adapting to stress, are closely related to IAA and ABA. In plants, the auxin influx carrier LAX3 has been found to play roles in development and stress tolerance. However, the function of LAX3 in stomata and in response to salt stress remains largely unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS Here, we show that overexpression of wheat TaLAX3-1B in tobacco results in a decrease in stomatal aperture and a relatively closed state of the stomata. In addition, the stomatal movement of the OxTaLAX3-1B lines was less sensitive to ABA than that of the WT. Consistently, compared with the WT, the OxTaLAX3-1B lines showed significantly higher expression of stomate-, IAA- and ABA-related genes and endogenous IAA and ABA contents. Furthermore, compared with the WT, the OxTaLAX3-1B lines exhibited higher proline content, salt stress-related gene expression and ROS antioxidant enzyme activity but lower MDA content and ROS accumulation after salt treatment. CONCLUSIONS The present results suggest that TaLAX3-1B plays a positive role in regulating stomatal closure and enhancing salt stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luhua Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Dingli Hong
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Chang An
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yuxuan Chen
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Pengpeng Zhao
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xin Li
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Fumin Xiong
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Mingjian Ren
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Ruhong Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Guizhou Sub-Center of National Wheat Improvement Center, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ptošková K, Szecówka M, Jaworek P, Tarkowská D, Petřík I, Pavlović I, Novák O, Thomas SG, Phillips AL, Hedden P. Changes in the concentrations and transcripts for gibberellins and other hormones in a growing leaf and roots of wheat seedlings in response to water restriction. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:284. [PMID: 35676624 PMCID: PMC9178827 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03667-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) is a major source of nutrition globally, but yields can be seriously compromised by water limitation. Redistribution of growth between shoots and roots is a common response to drought, promoting plant survival, but reducing yield. Gibberellins (GAs) are necessary for shoot and root elongation, but roots maintain growth at lower GA concentrations compared with shoots, making GA a suitable hormone for mediating this growth redistribution. In this study, the effect of progressive drought on GA content was determined in the base of the 4th leaf and root tips of wheat seedlings, containing the growing regions, as well as in the remaining leaf and root tissues. In addition, the contents of other selected hormones known to be involved in stress responses were determined. Transcriptome analysis was performed on equivalent tissues and drought-associated differential expression was determined for hormone-related genes. RESULTS After 5 days of applying progressive drought to 10-day old seedlings, the length of leaf 4 was reduced by 31% compared with watered seedlings and this was associated with significant decreases in the concentrations of bioactive GA1 and GA4 in the leaf base, as well as of their catabolites and precursors. Root length was unaffected by drought, while GA concentrations were slightly, but significantly higher in the tips of droughted roots compared with watered plants. Transcripts for the GA-inactivating gene TaGA2ox4 were elevated in the droughted leaf, while those for several GA-biosynthesis genes were reduced by drought, but mainly in the non-growing region. In response to drought the concentrations of abscisic acid, cis-zeatin and its riboside increased in all tissues, indole-acetic acid was unchanged, while trans-zeatin and riboside, jasmonate and salicylic acid concentrations were reduced. CONCLUSIONS Reduced leaf elongation and maintained root growth in wheat seedlings subjected to progressive drought were associated with attenuated and increased GA content, respectively, in the growing regions. Despite increased TaGA2ox4 expression, lower GA levels in the leaf base of droughted plants were due to reduced biosynthesis rather than increased catabolism. In contrast to GA, the other hormones analysed responded to drought similarly in the leaf and roots, indicating organ-specific differential regulation of GA metabolism in response to drought.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Klára Ptošková
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marek Szecówka
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Jaworek
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Danuše Tarkowská
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Petřík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Stephen G Thomas
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Andrew L Phillips
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Peter Hedden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences and Palacky University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
- Department of Plant Science, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, AL5 2JQ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arabidopsis Plasma Membrane ATPase AHA5 Is Negatively Involved in PAMP-Triggered Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073857. [PMID: 35409217 PMCID: PMC8998810 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants evolve a prompt and robust immune system to defend themselves against pathogen infections. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) is the first battle layer activated upon the PAMP’s perception, which leads to multiple defense responses. The plasma membrane (PM) H+-ATPases are the primary ion pumps to create and maintain the cellular membrane potential that is critical for various essential biological processes, including plant growth, development, and defense. This study discovered that the PM H+-ATPase AHA5 is negatively involved in Arabidopsis PTI against the virulent pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pvr. tomato (Pto) DC3000 infection. The aha5 mutant plants caused the reduced stomata opening upon the Pto infection, which was associated with the salicylic acid (SA) pathway. In addition, the aha5 mutant plants caused the increased levels of callose deposition, defense-related gene expression, and SA accumulation. Our results also indicate that the PM H+-ATPase activity of AHA5 probably mediates the coupling of H2O2 generation and the apoplast alkalization in PTI responses. Moreover, AHA5 was found to interact with a vital defense regulator, RPM1-interacting protein 4 (RIN4), in vitro and in vivo, which might also be critical for its function in PTI. In summary, our studies show that AHA5 functions as a novel and critical component that is negatively involved in PTI by coordinating different defense responses during the Arabidopsis–Pto DC3000 interaction.
Collapse
|
18
|
Brookbank BP, Patel J, Gazzarrini S, Nambara E. Role of Basal ABA in Plant Growth and Development. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12121936. [PMID: 34946886 PMCID: PMC8700873 DOI: 10.3390/genes12121936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) regulates various aspects of plant physiology, including promoting seed dormancy and adaptive responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. In addition, ABA plays an im-portant role in growth and development under non-stressed conditions. This review summarizes phenotypes of ABA biosynthesis and signaling mutants to clarify the roles of basal ABA in growth and development. The promotive and inhibitive actions of ABA in growth are characterized by stunted and enhanced growth of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants, respectively. Growth regulation by ABA is both promotive and inhibitive, depending on the context, such as concentrations, tissues, and environmental conditions. Basal ABA regulates local growth including hyponastic growth, skotomorphogenesis and lateral root growth. At the cellular level, basal ABA is essential for proper chloroplast biogenesis, central metabolism, and expression of cell-cycle genes. Basal ABA also regulates epidermis development in the shoot, by inhibiting stomatal development, and deposition of hydrophobic polymers like a cuticular wax layer covering the leaf surface. In the root, basal ABA is involved in xylem differentiation and suberization of the endodermis. Hormone crosstalk plays key roles in growth and developmental processes regulated by ABA. Phenotypes of ABA-deficient and insensitive mutants indicate prominent functions of basal ABA in plant growth and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin P. Brookbank
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
| | - Jasmin Patel
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sonia Gazzarrini
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
| | - Eiji Nambara
- Department of Cells and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M3S 3G5, Canada; (B.P.B.); (J.P.)
- Correspondence: (S.G.); (E.N.)
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fan X, Yang Y, Li M, Fu L, Zang Y, Wang C, Hao T, Sun H. Transcriptomics and targeted metabolomics reveal the regulatory network of Lilium davidii var. unicolor during bulb dormancy release. PLANTA 2021; 254:59. [PMID: 34427790 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03672-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Through combined analysis of the transcriptome and targeted metabolome of lily bulbs, the possible molecular mechanism of dormancy release was revealed. Regulation of bulb dormancy is critical for ensuring annual production and high-quality cultivation. The application of low temperatures is the most effective method for breaking bulb dormancy, but the molecular mechanism underlying this response is unclear. Herein, targeted metabolome and transcriptome analyses were performed on Lilium davidii var. unicolor bulbs stored for 0, 50, and 100 days at 4 °C. Dormancy release mainly depended on the accumulation of gibberellins GA4 and GA7, which are synthesized by the non-13-hydroxylation pathway, rather than GA3, and ABA was degraded in the process. The contents of nonbioactive GA9, GA15, and GA24, the precursors of GA4 synthesis, increased with bulb dormancy release. Altogether, 113,252 unique transcripts were de novo assembled through high-throughput transcriptome sequences, and 639 genes were continuously differentially expressed. Energy sources during carbohydrate metabolism mainly depend on glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. Screening of transcription factor families involved in bulb dormancy release showed that MYB, WRKY, NAC, and TCP members were significantly correlated with the targeted metabolome. Coexpression analysis further confirmed that ABI5, PYL8, PYL4, and PP2C, which are vital ABA signaling elements, regulated GA3ox and GA20ox in the GA4 biosynthesis pathway, and XERICO may be involved in the regulation of ABA and GA4 signaling through the ubiquitination pathway. WRKY32, WRKY71, DAM14, NAC8, ICE1, bHLH93, and TCP15 also participated in the ABA/GA4 regulatory network, and ICE1 may be the key factor linking temperature signals and hormone metabolism. These results will help to reveal the bulb dormancy molecular mechanism and develop new strategies for high-quality bulb production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Fan
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Min Li
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Linlan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Yuqing Zang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Chunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Tianyou Hao
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China
| | - Hongmei Sun
- Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture of Education Ministry and Liaoning Province, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, China.
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Northern Horticultural Facilities Design and Application Technology, Shenyang, 110866, China.
| |
Collapse
|