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Weber JN, Minner-Meinen R, Kaufholdt D. The Mechanisms of Molybdate Distribution and Homeostasis with Special Focus on the Model Plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules 2023; 29:40. [PMID: 38202623 PMCID: PMC10780190 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This review article deals with the pathways of cellular and global molybdate distribution in plants, especially with a full overview for the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In its oxidized state as bioavailable molybdate, molybdenum can be absorbed from the environment. Especially in higher plants, molybdenum is indispensable as part of the molybdenum cofactor (Moco), which is responsible for functionality as a prosthetic group in a variety of essential enzymes like nitrate reductase and sulfite oxidase. Therefore, plants need mechanisms for molybdate import and transport within the organism, which are accomplished via high-affinity molybdate transporter (MOT) localized in different cells and membranes. Two different MOT families were identified. Legumes like Glycine max or Medicago truncatula have an especially increased number of MOT1 family members for supplying their symbionts with molybdate for nitrogenase activity. In Arabidopsis thaliana especially, the complete pathway followed by molybdate through the plant is traceable. Not only the uptake from soil by MOT1.1 and its distribution to leaves, flowers, and seeds by MOT2-family members was identified, but also that inside the cell. the transport trough the cytoplasm and the vacuolar storage mechanisms depending on glutathione were described. Finally, supplying the Moco biosynthesis complex by MOT1.2 and MOT2.1 was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - David Kaufholdt
- Institut für Pflanzenbiologie, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Humboldtstrasse 1, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Murgia I, Morandini P. Plant Iron Research in African Countries: Current "Hot Spots", Approaches, and Potentialities. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:14. [PMID: 38202322 PMCID: PMC10780554 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Plant iron (Fe) nutrition and metabolism is a fascinating and challenging research topic; understanding the role of Fe in the life cycle of plants requires knowledge of Fe chemistry and biochemistry and their impact during development. Plant Fe nutritional status is dependent on several factors, including the surrounding biotic and abiotic environments, and influences crop yield and the nutritional quality of edible parts. The relevance of plant Fe research will further increase globally, particularly for Africa, which is expected to reach 2.5 billion people by 2050. The aim of this review is to provide an updated picture of plant Fe research conducted in African countries to favor its dissemination within the scientific community. Three main research hotspots have emerged, and all of them are related to the production of plants of superior quality, i.e., development of Fe-dense crops, development of varieties resilient to Fe toxicity, and alleviation of Fe deficiency, by means of Fe nanoparticles for sustainable agriculture. An intensification of research collaborations between the African research groups and plant Fe groups worldwide would be beneficial for the progression of the identified research topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy;
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Rosa-Núñez E, Echavarri-Erasun C, Armas AM, Escudero V, Poza-Carrión C, Rubio LM, González-Guerrero M. Iron Homeostasis in Azotobacter vinelandii. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:1423. [PMID: 37998022 PMCID: PMC10669500 DOI: 10.3390/biology12111423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Iron is an essential nutrient for all life forms. Specialized mechanisms exist in bacteria to ensure iron uptake and its delivery to key enzymes within the cell, while preventing toxicity. Iron uptake and exchange networks must adapt to the different environmental conditions, particularly those that require the biosynthesis of multiple iron proteins, such as nitrogen fixation. In this review, we outline the mechanisms that the model diazotrophic bacterium Azotobacter vinelandii uses to ensure iron nutrition and how it adapts Fe metabolism to diazotrophic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Rosa-Núñez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
- Escuela Técnica de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria, y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Echavarri-Erasun
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
- Escuela Técnica de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria, y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro M. Armas
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Viviana Escudero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
| | - César Poza-Carrión
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Luis M. Rubio
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
| | - Manuel González-Guerrero
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA/CSIC), Campus de Montegancedo UPM, Crta. M-40 km 38, 28223 Madrid, Spain; (E.R.-N.); (C.E.-E.); (A.M.A.); (C.P.-C.); (L.M.R.)
- Escuela Técnica de Ingeniería Agraria, Alimentaria, y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avda. Puerta de Hierro, 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Gao S, Zhu C, Ma L, Liu C, Zhang H, Zhang S. Preparation of an Aminated Lignin/Fe(III)/Polyvinyl Alcohol Film: A Packaging Material with UV Resistance and Slow-Release Function. Foods 2023; 12:2794. [PMID: 37509886 PMCID: PMC10378874 DOI: 10.3390/foods12142794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
To reduce the usage of petroleum-based plastic products, a lignin-based film material named aminated lignin/Fe(III)/PVA was developed. The mixture of 8 g lignin, 12 mL diethylenetriamine, 200 mL NaOH solution (0.4 mol·L-1), and 8 mL formaldehyde was heated at 85 °C for 4 h; after the aminated lignin was impregnated in the Fe(NO3)3 solution, a mixture of 3 g aminated lignin/Fe(III), 7 g PVA, and 200 mL NaOH solution (pH 8) was heated at 85 °C for 60 min; after 2 mL of glycerin was added, the mixture was spread on a glass plate to obtain the aminated lignin/Fe(III)/PVA film. This film demonstrated hydrophobicity, an UV-blocking function, and a good slow-release performance. Due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyl groups of lignin and PVA, the tensile strength, the elongation at break, and the fracture resistance of the film were 9.1%, 107.8%, and 21.9% higher than that of pure PVA film, respectively. The iron content of aminated lignin/Fe(III)/PVA was 1.06 wt%, which mainly existed in a trivalent form. The aminated lignin/Fe(III)/PVA film has the potential to be used as a food packaging material with anti-ultraviolet light function and can also be developed as other packaging materials, such as seedling bowls, pots for transplanting, and coating films during transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushan Gao
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chonghao Zhu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Liangfei Ma
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig-Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chenghai Liu
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Hongqiong Zhang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Shengming Zhang
- College of Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Pig-Breeding Facilities Engineering, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Harbin 150030, China
- Heilongjiang Province Technology Innovation Center of Mechanization and Materialization of Major Crops Production, Harbin 150030, China
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Murgia I, Midali A, Cimini S, De Gara L, Manasherova E, Cohen H, Paucelle A, Morandini P. The Arabidopsis thaliana Gulono-1,4 γ-lactone oxidase 2 (GULLO2) facilitates iron transport from endosperm into developing embryos and affects seed coat suberization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 196:712-723. [PMID: 36809732 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants synthesize ascorbate (ASC) via the D-mannose/L-galactose pathway whereas animals produce ASC and H2O2via the UDP-glucose pathway, with Gulono-1,4 γ-lactone oxidases (GULLO) as the last step. A. thaliana has seven isoforms, GULLO1-7; previous in silico analysis suggested that GULLO2, mostly expressed in developing seeds, might be involved in iron (Fe) nutrition. We isolated atgullo2-1 and atgullo2-2 mutants, quantified ASC and H2O2 in developing siliques, Fe(III) reduction in immature embryos and seed coats. Surfaces of mature seed coats were analysed via atomic force and electron microscopies; suberin monomer and elemental compositions of mature seeds, including Fe, were profiled via chromatography and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Lower levels of ASC and H2O2 in atgullo2 immature siliques are accompanied by an impaired Fe(III) reduction in seed coats and lower Fe content in embryos and seeds; atgullo2 seeds displayed reduced permeability and higher levels of C18:2 and C18:3 ω-hydroxyacids, the two predominant suberin monomers in A. thaliana seeds. We propose that GULLO2 contributes to ASC synthesis, for Fe(III) reduction into Fe(II). This step is critical for Fe transport from endosperm into developing embryos. We also show that alterations in GULLO2 activity affect suberin biosynthesis and accumulation in the seed coat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Murgia
- Environmental Science and Policy Dept., University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessia Midali
- Environmental Science and Policy Dept., University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura De Gara
- Department of Science and Technology for Humans and the Environment, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128, Roma, Italy
| | - Ekaterina Manasherova
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences ARO, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Hagai Cohen
- Department of Vegetable and Field Crops, Institute of Plant Sciences ARO, Volcani Center, 68 HaMaccabim Rd., Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel
| | - Alexis Paucelle
- Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin, INRA Centre de Versailles-Grignon, 78026, Versailles, Route de Saint-Cyr Cedex, France
| | - Piero Morandini
- Environmental Science and Policy Dept., University of Milano, via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
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Dwivedi SL, Garcia-Oliveira AL, Govindaraj M, Ortiz R. Biofortification to avoid malnutrition in humans in a changing climate: Enhancing micronutrient bioavailability in seed, tuber, and storage roots. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1119148. [PMID: 36794214 PMCID: PMC9923027 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Malnutrition results in enormous socio-economic costs to the individual, their community, and the nation's economy. The evidence suggests an overall negative impact of climate change on the agricultural productivity and nutritional quality of food crops. Producing more food with better nutritional quality, which is feasible, should be prioritized in crop improvement programs. Biofortification refers to developing micronutrient -dense cultivars through crossbreeding or genetic engineering. This review provides updates on nutrient acquisition, transport, and storage in plant organs; the cross-talk between macro- and micronutrients transport and signaling; nutrient profiling and spatial and temporal distribution; the putative and functionally characterized genes/single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with Fe, Zn, and β-carotene; and global efforts to breed nutrient-dense crops and map adoption of such crops globally. This article also includes an overview on the bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity of nutrients as well as the molecular basis of nutrient transport and absorption in human. Over 400 minerals (Fe, Zn) and provitamin A-rich cultivars have been released in the Global South. Approximately 4.6 million households currently cultivate Zn-rich rice and wheat, while ~3 million households in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America benefit from Fe-rich beans, and 2.6 million people in sub-Saharan Africa and Brazil eat provitamin A-rich cassava. Furthermore, nutrient profiles can be improved through genetic engineering in an agronomically acceptable genetic background. The development of "Golden Rice" and provitamin A-rich dessert bananas and subsequent transfer of this trait into locally adapted cultivars are evident, with no significant change in nutritional profile, except for the trait incorporated. A greater understanding of nutrient transport and absorption may lead to the development of diet therapy for the betterment of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Luísa Garcia-Oliveira
- International Maize and Wheat Research Center, Centro Internacional de Mejoramiento de Maíz. y Trigo (CIMMYT), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Biotechnology, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hissar, India
| | - Mahalingam Govindaraj
- HarvestPlus Program, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodomiro Ortiz
- Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Lomma, Sweden
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Tan S, Li S, Zhang XY, Li YM, Zhang P, Yin LP. Monoubiquitinated MxIRT1 acts as an iron receptor to determine MxIRT1 vacuole degradation or plasma membrane recycling via endocytosis. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2022; 17:2095141. [PMID: 35775587 PMCID: PMC9255258 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2022.2095141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1) is critical for iron uptake in roots, and its exocytosis to the plasma membrane (PM) is regulated by the iron status sensed by the histidine-rich domain (HRM). However, studies on the fate of IRT1 after fusion with PM in response to iron conditions are still limited. In this study, we found that K165 and K196 regulate the monoubiquitination of MxIRT1 (mUb-MxIRT1), which acts as a receptor delivering signals from HRM to downstream effectors such as clathrin to determine the fate of MxIRT1. Iron supply led MxIRT1 in the PM to monoubiquitin-dependent endocytosis which could be inhibited by endocytosis inhibitor TyrA23 or in the double site-directed mutant K165/K196R. Subsequently, the endocytosis pathway to the vacuole was inhibited by vacuolar protease inhibitor Leupeptin in excessive iron conditions and the inability of being able to respond to iron change, indicated by the protein accumulating in the PM, contributed to iron toxicity in K165/K196R transgenic Arabidopsis. With iron availability decreasing again, MxIRT1 could dock close to the PM waiting for to be recycled. Another monoubiquitination site, K26, was necessary for MxIRT1 Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) export as site-directed mutant K26R lost the ability of PM targeting, and co-localized with the COPII subunit of the coat protein OsSec24. Therefore, after K26-directed ER export and iron-induced PM fusion, mUb-MxIRT1 determines subsequent vacuolar degradation or recycling to the PM via endocytosis for maintaining iron homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Research & Development of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Yue Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Meng Li
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Ping Yin
- College of Life Science, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
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Physiological Importance of Molybdate Transporter Family 1 in Feeding the Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis Pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103158. [PMID: 35630635 PMCID: PMC9147641 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molybdate uptake and molybdenum cofactor (Moco) biosynthesis were investigated in detail in the last few decades. The present study critically reviews our present knowledge about eukaryotic molybdate transporters (MOT) and focuses on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, complementing it with new experiments, filling missing gaps, and clarifying contradictory results in the literature. Two molybdate transporters, MOT1.1 and MOT1.2, are known in Arabidopsis, but their importance for sufficient molybdate supply to Moco biosynthesis remains unclear. For a better understanding of their physiological functions in molybdate homeostasis, we studied the impact of mot1.1 and mot1.2 knock-out mutants, including a double knock-out on molybdate uptake and Moco-dependent enzyme activity, MOT localisation, and protein–protein interactions. The outcome illustrates different physiological roles for Moco biosynthesis: MOT1.1 is plasma membrane located and its function lies in the efficient absorption of molybdate from soil and its distribution throughout the plant. However, MOT1.1 is not involved in leaf cell imports of molybdate and has no interaction with proteins of the Moco biosynthesis complex. In contrast, the tonoplast-localised transporter MOT1.2 exports molybdate stored in the vacuole and makes it available for re-localisation during senescence. It also supplies the Moco biosynthesis complex with molybdate by direct interaction with molybdenum insertase Cnx1 for controlled and safe sequestering.
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Kolbert Z, Cuypers A, Verbruggen N. Essential trace metals: micronutrients with large impact. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:1685-1687. [PMID: 35288752 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsanna Kolbert
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged H6726, Hungary
| | - Ann Cuypers
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, Hasselt University, 3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Verbruggen
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology and Molecular Genetics, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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