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Montesinos Á, Sacristán S, Del Prado-Polonio P, Arnaiz A, Díaz-González S, Diaz I, Santamaria ME. Contrasting plant transcriptome responses between a pierce-sucking and a chewing herbivore go beyond the infestation site. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:120. [PMID: 38369495 PMCID: PMC10875829 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04806-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants have acquired a repertoire of mechanisms to combat biotic stressors, which may vary depending on the feeding strategies of herbivores and the plant species. Hormonal regulation crucially modulates this malleable defense response. Jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) stand out as pivotal regulators of defense, while other hormones like abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ET), gibberellic acid (GA) or auxin also play a role in modulating plant-pest interactions. The plant defense response has been described to elicit effects in distal tissues, whereby aboveground herbivory can influence belowground response, and vice versa. This impact on distal tissues may be contingent upon the feeding guild, even affecting both the recovery of infested tissues and those that have not suffered active infestation. RESULTS To study how phytophagous with distinct feeding strategies may differently trigger the plant defense response during and after infestation in both infested and distal tissues, Arabidopsis thaliana L. rosettes were infested separately with the chewing herbivore Pieris brassicae L. and the piercing-sucker Tetranychus urticae Koch. Moderate infestation conditions were selected for both pests, though no quantitative control of damage levels was carried out. Feeding mode did distinctly influence the transcriptomic response of the plant under these conditions. Though overall affected processes were similar under either infestation, their magnitude differed significantly. Plants infested with P. brassicae exhibited a short-term response, involving stress-related genes, JA and ABA regulation and suppressing growth-related genes. In contrast, T. urticae elicited a longer transcriptomic response in plants, albeit with a lower degree of differential expression, in particular influencing SA regulation. These distinct defense responses transcended beyond infestation and through the roots, where hormonal response, flavonoid regulation or cell wall reorganization were differentially affected. CONCLUSION These outcomes confirm that the existent divergent transcriptomic responses elicited by herbivores employing distinct feeding strategies possess the capacity to extend beyond infestation and even affect tissues that have not been directly infested. This remarks the importance of considering the entire plant's response to localized biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Montesinos
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Universidad de Zaragoza, Calle Pedro Cerbuna, 12, Zaragoza, 50009, Spain
| | - Soledad Sacristán
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Palmira Del Prado-Polonio
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Arnaiz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Burgos, Plaza de Misael Bañuelos s/n, Burgos, 09001, Spain
| | - Sandra Díaz-González
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Diaz
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Estrella Santamaria
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM) - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC) Campus de Montegancedo, Pozuelo de Alarcón, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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Hundacker J, Linda T, Hilker M, Lortzing V, Bittner N. The impact of insect egg deposition on Pinus sylvestris transcriptomic and phytohormonal responses to larval herbivory. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 44:tpae008. [PMID: 38227779 PMCID: PMC10878248 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpae008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
Plants can improve their resistance to feeding damage by insects if they have perceived insect egg deposition prior to larval feeding. Molecular analyses of these egg-mediated defence mechanisms have until now focused on angiosperm species. It is unknown how the transcriptome of a gymnosperm species responds to insect eggs and subsequent larval feeding. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is known to improve its defences against larvae of the herbivorous sawfly Diprion pini L. if it has previously received sawfly eggs. Here, we analysed the transcriptomic and phytohormonal responses of Scots pine needles to D. pini eggs (E-pine), larval feeding (F-pine) and to both eggs and larval feeding (EF-pine). Pine showed strong transcriptomic responses to sawfly eggs and-as expected-to larval feeding. Many egg-responsive genes were also differentially expressed in response to feeding damage, and these genes play an important role in biological processes related to cell wall modification, cell death and jasmonic acid signalling. EF-pine showed fewer transcriptomic changes than F-pine, whereas EF-treated angiosperm species studied so far showed more transcriptional changes to the initial phase of larval feeding than only feeding-damaged F-angiosperms. However, as with responses of EF-angiosperms, EF-pine showed higher salicylic acid concentrations than F-pine. Based on the considerable overlap of the transcriptomes of E- and F-pine, we suggest that the weaker transcriptomic response of EF-pine than F-pine to larval feeding damage is compensated by the strong, egg-induced response, which might result in maintained pine defences against larval feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janik Hundacker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, Berlin 12163, Germany
| | - Tom Linda
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, Berlin 12163, Germany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, Berlin 12163, Germany
| | - Vivien Lortzing
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Straße 9, Berlin 12163, Germany
| | - Norbert Bittner
- Applied Genetics, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin, Albrecht-Thaer-Weg 6, Berlin 14195, Germany
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Lortzing V, Valsamakis G, Jantzen F, Hundacker J, Paniagua Voirol LR, Schumacher F, Kleuser B, Hilker M. Plant defensive responses to insect eggs are inducible by general egg-associated elicitors. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1076. [PMID: 38212511 PMCID: PMC10784483 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51565-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Egg deposition by herbivorous insects is well known to elicit defensive plant responses. Our study aimed to elucidate the insect and plant species specificity of these responses. To study the insect species specificity, we treated Arabidopsis thaliana with egg extracts and egg-associated secretions of a sawfly (Diprion pini), a beetle (Xanthogaleruca luteola) and a butterfly (Pieris brassicae). All egg extracts elicited salicylic acid (SA) accumulation in the plant, and all secretions induced expression of plant genes known to be responsive to the butterfly eggs, among them Pathogenesis-Related (PR) genes. All secretions contained phosphatidylcholine derivatives, known elicitors of SA accumulation and PR gene expression in Arabidopsis. The sawfly egg extract did not induce plant camalexin levels, while the other extracts did. Our studies on the plant species specificity revealed that Solanum dulcamara and Ulmus minor responded with SA accumulation and cell death to P. brassicae eggs, i.e. responses also known for A. thaliana. However, the butterfly eggs induced neoplasms only in S. dulcamara. Our results provide evidence for general, phosphatidylcholine-based, egg-associated elicitors of plant responses and for conserved plant core responses to eggs, but also point to plant and insect species-specific traits in plant-insect egg interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivien Lortzing
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friederike Jantzen
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janik Hundacker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luis R Paniagua Voirol
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany
- Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 12-16, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Schumacher
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
- Core-Facility BioSupraMol, PharmaMS Subunit, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Burkhard Kleuser
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Str. 2-4, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Monika Hilker
- Applied Zoology/Animal Ecology, Institute of Biology, Dahlem Centre of Plant Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Haderslebener Str. 9, 12163, Berlin, Germany.
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